INDEX

Accancea. See Quapaw. Agriculture— among Sauk and Foxes, 40 of the Arikara, 179 of the Mandan, 127 of the Osage, 106 Algonquian family— characteristics of villages of, 7 general movement of groups of, 3 groups comprising western division of, 1 largest north of Mexico, 43 villages of, described, 1 Al-le-ga-wa-ho's village, 97 Allen, J.A., book by, on the buffalo, 7 Allouez, Père, mission conducted by, 122 Amahami— once united with the Hidatsa and Crow, 140 village of, on Knife River, 125, 141 American Fur Company— post of, 75 trade of, with Sioux, 61 Animals— domestic, lack of, among the Iowa, 114 domestic, of the Kansa, 90 of the Dakota country, 4 See Buffalo, Dogs, Game. Arapaho— an Algonquian group, 1 country occupied by, 33-34 habitations of, 34 Arapaho village— described by Fremont, 36-37 photograph of, 37 Arbor entrance, a Siouan feature, 122 Archithinue natives, name applied to Blackfeet, 25, 26 Arikara— a Caddoan group, 2 encampments of, visited by Lewis and Clark, 23 hostility of, to whites, 176, 179 Mandan village occupied by, 139 migration of, 167, 169-170 pottery of, 174 settlement of, near Fort Berthold, 147 skilled agriculturists, 179 warfare of, with Sioux, 70 Akikara villages— described by Brackenridge, 172, 173 described by Bradbury, 172 described by Maximilian, 175-176 on the Missouri, 168 sites of, 168-169 sketched by Catlin, 175 Ark of the first man, 129, 132 Arkansa. See Quapaw. Arkansas band, a division of the Osage, 98 Assiniboin, a Missouri River steamboat, 130 trip of, to the Yellowstone River, 142 Assiniboin tribe— alliance of, with Cree, 71 camp of, described by Maximilian, 75-76 country occupied by, 71 location and number of, 32 of the Dakota-Assiniboin group, 2 on the march, 73, 74 relation of, to other tribes, 44 separated from Yanktonai, 71 structures of, 71, 72, 73, 76-77 with Cree, at Mandan village, 74 Assiniboin village— size of, 73, 74 movement of, 73, 74 Atsina, a division of the Arapaho, 1, 25 allied with tribes of the Blackfeet confederacy, 25, 34 fortified camps of, 34 incorporated with the Assiniboin, 25 various names for, 34 Atsina village, described by Maximilian, 35 Avenue, pottery on site of, 112 Awachawi, an Hidatsa village, 142 Awatichay, an Hidatsa village, 142 Ayauways, excursions of, against the Osage, 98 Bark-covered lodges— as summer habitations, 38, 51, 84 as winter habitations, 51 employed in timber country, 184-185 erected by the Dakota, 44 of the Kansa, 95 of the Mdewakanton, 50 of the Ojibway, 9-13, 16, 17, 56 of the Osage, 98 of the Oto, 120 of the Quapaw, 109 of the Sauk and Foxes, 39 Basketry— of the Arikara, 169 of the Osage, 103 Beauregard, Mrs. N.H., copy by, of manuscript, 90 Beds— of the Caddo, 183 of the Kansa, 92 of the Mandan, 133, 134 Bellevue, a trading post on the Missouri, 81 Big-bellied Indians. See Atsina. Big Kaw, an Oto Indian, 117 Big Knives, Kansa name for the whites, 89 Big Track, an Osage chief, 98 Birch bark structures, 9-13 See Bark-covered lodges. Blackfeet confederacy, tribes composing, 1, 25 Blackfeet Indians— camps of, described by Maximilian, 28 ceremonial lodges of, 33 country inhabited by, 27, 32 descriptions of, 25-28 manner of living, 33 number of, 32 warlike nature of, 28 war party of, 31 See Siksika. Black Hawk, birthplace of, 38 Black Hills, no permanent Indian settlement in, 70 Blood Indians— country occupied by, 27, 32 number of, 32 See Kainah. Bodmer— painting by, of Atsina village, 35 painting by, of chief's lodge, 76 painting by, of Mandan village, 133 drawing by, of tipis, 58 sketch by, in Newberry Library, 143 Bowls, wooden, of the Mandan, 137 Bradbury, visit of, to Omaha village, 78 Brulés, a Teton band, 2 Brush shelters of the Assiniboin, 75 Buffalo— Arikara offering to, 174 hunting of, 4-7 importance of, to the Indian, 3-4 manner of traveling, 72 Buffalo Hunt— described by Fremont, 35-36 of the Oglala, 68 Buffalo pounds, 5-6 use of, by Blackfeet, 26 Buffalo skulls, a charm to entice buffaloes, 62-63 Buffalo Society, Omaha, dance given by, 82 Buffalo trails, followed by Indians, 7 Bull-boat— characteristic of upper Missouri, 129 of the Hidatsa, 146-147 Burials— Omaha, 78 Oto, 120 scaffold, mention of, 50-51 Caches— described by Fletcher and La Flesche, 80 described by Matthews, 150 exposed by railroad cut, 82 for storage of corn, 126 Omaha, described by Gilden, 83, 84 on elevated stage, 12 Caddo— a tribe of the Caddoan family, 2 country occupied by, 155, 182 described by Joutel, 182-183 Caddoan family— confederacies of, 2 country occupied by, 1 earth lodge characteristic of, 7-8 general movement of, 3 tribes composing, 2 Cahokia tribe, village of, 41 Cannon River, village near mouth of, 50 Canoes— birch-bark, 15-16 made of buffalo skins, 94 of the Arikara, 172 of the Hidatsa, 141 Oto, 121 See Bull-boat. Cappa, a Quapaw village, 109 Castañeda, thatched houses mentioned by, 179 Catlin, George— among the Mandan, 128 among the Teton, 61 Arikara village sketched by, 175 collection of paintings by, in National Museum, 15, 129, 141, 175 incorrect drawings by, of earth lodges, 149 Indian portraits painted by, 62 Ojibway camp described by, 15 Caves, in the Ozarks, occupied by Indians, 107 Ceremonial lodge— of the Crows, 155 of the Hidatsa, 144 of the Ojibway, 13 of the Quapaw, 111 of the Sun dance, 63 See Medicine lodge. Ceremonial shelter, temporary, of the Cree and Ojibway, 18-19 Ceremonies, Arikara, in medicine lodge, 178 Chatique, an Assiniboin chief, 71 Chaui, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy, 2 Cherokees, migration of remnant of, 2 Cheyenne Indians— an Algonquian group, 1 described by Lewis and Clark, 24 in Arapaho village, 36 lodges of, for special purposes, 25 lodges of, like Pawnee, 24, 25 territory occupied by, 21 various habitations of, 22 Cheyenne village sites— described by Grinnell, 22-23 mentioned by Lewis and Clark, 23 Chiefs, decorations on lodges of, 67, 76 Childs Point, ruins on, 82 Chippeway— treaty of, with Sioux, 15 See Ojibway. Chiwere group of Siouan tribes, 2 habitations of, 113 tribes composing, 112 Choctaw, temporary village of, 110 Cholera among the Oglala, 64 Chote, town house at, 118 Circles— of earth, 21, 28, 30 of stone, 20, 21 Clarmont, French name of Osage chief, 103 Clothing— made of buffalo hides, 3, 4 of the Kansa, 94 Club, wooden, of the Mandan, 138 Cocking, Matthew, journey of, 26-27 Colbert, first name of Mississippi River, 109 Corn, cultivation of, 39, 40, 106, 127, 179 Coronado expedition, thatched houses seen by, 179 Council Bluffs, origin of the name, 115, 157 Council house— of the Kansa, 92-93 of the Ojibway, 16 of the Oto, 117 of the Teton, 60 Cree Indians— habitations of, 17-21 language of, 17 population of, 18, 19 related to Ojibway, 17 loving disposition of, 19 territory inhabited by, 1, 18, 19 with Assiniboin at Mandan village, 74 See Knistenaux. Crow Indians— a tribe of the Hidatsa group, 2 arrangement of camps of, 154 ceremonial lodge of, 154-155 country inhabited by, 151, 152-153 described by Larocque, 151 lodges of, described, 152-154 separation of, from the Hidatsa, 150 wandering habits of, 153 Custer, General, mention of, 70 Customs— of the Blackfeet, 26-27 of the Cree, 18-19 of the Ojibway, 8-11, 13, 17 of the Omaha, 85-87 of the Osage, 105-106 of the Pawnee, 163-165 of the Sauk and Foxes, 39-41 of the Teton, 60-61 of the Wahpeton, 53 of the Yanktonai, 54-57 Dakota-Assiniboin group, 2 country occupied by, 44 habitations of, 44-45 tribes composing, 44 Dance— of the Teton, 60 See Dog dance, Sacred dance, Sun dance, War dance. De Smet, Father, at the Kansa villages, 95-96 Decoration of lodges, 28, 67, 75-76, 78, 85 Delaware Indians— abandoned settlement of, 42-43 log cabins built by, 42 migration of remnant of, 2, 3 Dhegiha group, 2 migration of, 77 Dodge, Col. R. I., with expedition into Black Hills, 70 Dog dance of the Kansa, 93 Dog feast, painting of, 15 Dog travois, 19-20, 55, 65, 76 Dogs— as a sacrifice, 52, 61 as beasts of burden, 28 as food, 28, 53, 54 as sacred animals, 53 use of, for transportation, 72, 73 See Dog travois. Dorsey, J. O., Omaha structures described by, 85 Douay, Père Anastasius, Quapaw villages mentioned by, 110 Dwellings. See Lodges, Tipi, Wigwam. Earth circles— explanations of, 21 noticed by Maximilian, 28, 30 Earth lodge— Arikara, 170, 173, 176 characteristic of Missouri River tribes, 185 Cheyenne, no pictures of, 24 erected by Caddoan tribes, 8 Gros Ventres, 148 Hidatsa, 142 interior of, 81, 161-162 Mandan, 128, 130, 132, 133 most accurate drawing of, 143 not in tribal circle, 84 Omaha, 79-80, 82-83 Oto, 115, 116, 117 Pawnee, 156, 161-162 suggestive of Creek and Cherokee council house, 185 used by Dhegiha group, 77 Earthenware— in the Ozark country, 107 See Pottery. Earthworks, attributed to Dhegiha group, 77 Eastman, Capt., painting by, 51, 54 Elah-Sa, an Hidatsa village, 142 Ellsworth, H. L., expedition led by, 116, 159-161 Elm bark, structures of, 16, 17, 39 See Bark-covered lodges. Engineer Cantonment, winter quarters of Long expedition, 157 Entrance— to earth lodge, 149 to Winnebago dwelling, 122 Environment, influence of— on form of dwelling, 184 on manners and customs, 8 Fall Indians, location and number of, 32 See Atsina. Fall of the Rapid Indians, a name for the Atsina, 34 Falls of St. Anthony— Indian camp at, 15 named by Father Hennepin, 45 Feasts— given by Blackfoot chief, 29 of the Cree, 18-19 of the Teton Sioux, 61-62 Fish, method of curing, 10 Floor mats, method of making, 41 Food— method of cooking illustrated, 10 of the Mandan, 127, 136 of the Ojibway, 8-9 of the Osage, 104, 105-106 See Agriculture, Buffalo, Corn, Dogs, Fish, Game. Fool Chief, a Kansa chief, 96 village of, 97 Fort Berthold, tribes near, 147 Fort Clark— erection of, 176 Mandan village near, 130, 139, 140 See Fort Osage. Fort Crawford, establishment of, 184 Fort de Bourbon— location of, 72 mention of, 71 Fort des Prairies, mention of, 72 Fort John, destroyed by North American Fur Company, 69 Fort Laramie, description of, 69 Fort Leavenworth, early description of, 116 Fort Lookout, treaty concluded at, 57 Fort Osage— later named Fort Clark, 99 village near, 100 Fort Pierre— gathering of Yankton near, 57, 59 sketch of, 63 Fort Snelling— encampment at, 15 establishment of, 184 Fort Union— Assiniboin camp at, 75 stay at, of Friedrich Kurz, 76 visit at, of Maximilian, 142 Fort Yates, villages near, 22 Fortified Villages— Arikara, 168, 171, 172 Hidatsa, 147 Mandan, 123, 131 Forts built by Indians, 34, 35 Fox Indians— habitat of, 1 present location of, 38 visited by Long, 38 See Sauk and Foxes. Fremont, arrival of, at Kansa towns, 96 Fur trade of the Teton, 61 Furs, huge quantities of, collected by Sauk and Foxes, 40 Game— abundance of, at Isle au Vache, 91 See Animals, Buffalo, Hunting. Games— played by the Omaha, 81 space for playing, 129 Gilder, R. F., village site identified by, 82 Gilfillan, Dr. J. A., missionary among the Ojibway, 11 Grand Pawnee— visit to, of Long expedition, 158 See Chaui. Grant, Peter, Ojibway dwellings described by, 9-10 Grass lodge— as temporary shelter, 13-14 of the Caddo, 183 of the Wichita, 179-180 photograph of, 180 Great Osage, an Osage band, 98 Grinnell, George B., erection of medicine lodge described by, 33 Gros Ventres. See Hidatsa. Gros Ventres of the Missouri, a name applied to the Hidatsa, 141 Gros Ventres of the Prairie, a name applied to the Atsina, 34, 141 See Atsina. Habitations. See Lodges, Tipi, Wigwam. Ha-won-je-tah, a Teton Sioux chief, 61, 62 Hendry, Anthony, Journal of, 25 Henry, Alexander, travels of, through Assiniboin country, 71-73 Hidatsa group, tribes composing, 2, 140 Hidatsa tribe— ceremonial lodge of, 144 creation myth of, 143 temporary lodge of, 147 winter village of, 143, 149 See Minnetarees. Hidatsa villages— descriptions of, 142-143, 145-146, 148-150 Indian drawings of, 139 location of, 141 near Fort Berthold, 147 painting of, by Catlin, 141 plan of, 145 sites of, compared with Mandan, 146 temporary, for winter use, 149 Hime, Humphrey Lloyd, photographs made by, 12 Hind Expedition— camp sites observed by, 20-21 Ojibway structures encountered by, 12 Hoe, made by Arikara, 177 Horse travois, 30, 65, 66 Horseracing of the Blackfeet, 31 Horses, housed in lodges of the Mandan, 126 House Rings, 20, 21, 22, 28, 30 Hudson's Bay Company— journals of traders of, 25 trade of, with the Blackfeet, 27 trading post of, 76 Hunkpapa, a Teton band, 2 Hunting— customs of the Osage, 103, 106 customs of the Sauk and Foxes, 40 excursions of the Mandan, 126 excursions of the Omaha, 85-87 grounds used for, by Oto, 116 of antelope, a method of, 6 of buffalo, 4-7 parties of the Mandan, 136 trips of the Pawnee, 166-167 Illinois confederacy, villages of, 41-43 Illinois Indians— village of, 41 west of the Mississippi, 1 Implements— agricultural, of the Arikara, 177 flint, on Omaha village site, 82, 83 for skin dressing, 138 stone, found on White River, 108 Indian Peace Commission, visit of, to Fort Laramie, 69 Iotan, an Oto chief, 117 Iowa tribe— appearance of villages of, 113 belonging to Chiwere group, 2 brief description of, 114 closely connected with Winnebago, 122 habitations of, 114 migration of, 113 Iron Bird, an Osage chief, 103 Irvin, Samuel M., missionary among the Iowa, 114 Irving, Washington— deserted village described by, 105 Indian symbols mentioned by, 43 Ish-tal-a-sa's village, 97 Isle au Vache— brief history of, by Remsburg, 94 council at, between Kansa and Long party, 91 location of, 94 remains near, 91 Issati village, site of, 45 Itazipcho, a Teton band, 2 See Sans Arcs. Jackson, W. H., photographs made by, 162 Jaramillo, Juan, an officer of the Coronado expedition, 179 Jonglerie, or medicine lodge, 16-17 Journals of traders, Blackfeet described in, 25 Joutel— account by, of Quapaw villages, 109 Caddo tribe described by, 182-183 Kainah, a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy, 1, 25 Kane, Paul— Ojibway wigwam described by, 10 paintings by, 20, 77 Kansa Indians— a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77 attack on, by Pawnee, 96 dress of, 94 migration of, 89 population of, 89, 95 variety of dwellings of, 97 villages of, described, 90, 92, 95-96, 97 visit of, to the Oto, 121 Kaposia, village of, 50, 51 Kingfisher, an old Ojibway, 12 Kitkehahki, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy, 2 Knistenaux— at Mandan village, 74 language spoken by, 74 location and number of, 32 See Cree. Kurz, Friedrich— among the Omaha, 81 at Fort Union, 76 sketches by, 20, 63, 121 La Flesche, Joseph, an Omaha chief, 82 La Harpe, meeting of, with the Quapaw, 110 La Petit Corbeau, a Sioux chief, village of, 38 La Salle expedition, 109, 182 La Verendrye expedition, 73-74, 122 Lac de L'Isle Croix, Cree bands along, 18 Lahcocat, an Arikara village, 169 Lake Huron, encampment on islands of, 10 Lake Superior, structures on shores of, 9 Larocque, Antoine, visit of, among the Crows, 151 Le Raye, references in journal of, to the Arikara, 168 Leavenworth, establishment of, 184 Lewis and Clark expedition, villages visited by, 23, 34, 60, 74, 75, 78, 89, 90, 114-115, 124-126 Lindenwood College, manuscript journal in possession of, 90 Liquor, use of, among Indians, 75 Little Dog, a Piegan Indian, 30 Little Osage, an Osage band, 98 Little Osage River, Osage villages in valley of, 99 Little Raven, village of, 48, 49, 50 Lodges. See Bark-covered lodges, Ceremonial lodge, Earth lodge, Grass lodge, Log houses, Mat-covered lodge, Skin lodge, Thatched lodge, Tipi, Traders lodge, Wigwam. Log Cabins— built by Cree, 18 of the Delaware, 42 See Log houses. Log Houses— construction of, 48 of Fox Indians, 38 of Sioux chief, 39 of upright posts, 48, 49, 50 Long, Maj. Stephen H., expedition under command of, 47, 157 Louisiana Purchase, change of conditions due to, 184 Low Horn, a Piegan chief, 30 Ludlow exploring party, 70 Mahawha, village of the Amahami, 125 Malta, Mo., former Osage village near, 99 Mandan— a Siouan tribe, 2 history of, 125 settled near Fort Berthold, 147 village sites of, compared with Hidatsa, 146 Mandan villages— described by Catlin, 128, 129-130 described by Maximilian, 130-132 deserted, 124 French expedition to, 122-123 Indian drawings of, 139 occupied by Arikaras, 176 plan of, 131 Manitobah House, wigwam near, 12 Manners and customs. See Customs. Marquette, Père— Illinois tribes visited by, 41 Osage villages listed by, 98 Quapaw villages reached by, 108 Marston, Major M., life of Sauk and Foxes described by, 39-41 Martin, Captain, stay of detachment of, at Isle au Vache, 91 Mat-covered lodge— as winter habitation, 38 of the Kansa, 91, 92 of the Osage, 98, 99, 100 used by Dhegiha group, 77 Matootonha, a Mandan village, 125 Mats, rush, method of making, 41 Matthews, description by, of Hidatsa villages, 148-150 Maximilian, villages visited by, 19, 28, 29, 35, 88, 130-136, 175-176 Mdewakanton tribe— a division of the Dakota, 2, 44 sites of settlements of, 15 villages of, 45-52 Medicine, meaning of the term, 164 Medicine bag of the Dakotas, 55 Medicine feast— of the Hidatsa, 143-145 of the Mandan, 135, 136 Medicine lodge— Arikara, 172-173, 178 ceremony of erecting, 33 of the Blackfeet, 33 of the Mandan, 129 Ojibway, 12, 13, 16-17 Metaharta, a Minnetaree village, 125, 126 Michigamea— an Illinois tribe, 41 position of village of, not determined, 112 visited by Marquette, 41 Mĭdé lodge of the Ojibway, 13, 19 Mih-tutta-hangusch, a Mandan village, 128, 130, 131 Mille Lac, village sites on, 45-46 Miniconjou, a Teton band, 2 Minnetarees— intrenchments made by, 34 population of village of, 126 winter village of, 143 See Hidatsa. Minnetarees of Fort de Prairie, a name for the Atsina, 34 Mississippi River, first name of, 109 Missouri tribe— ancient village of, 121 connected with Winnebago, 122 of the Chiwere group, 2 remnants of, with the Oto, 114 Mortars— stone, in the Ozark country, 107, 108 wooden, of the Arikara, 177 National Museum— bone scrapers in, 59 collection in, of paintings by Catlin, 15, 129, 141, 175 Oto specimens in, 121 Newberry Library, sketch in, by Bodmer, 143 Nicollet, visit of, to the Winnebago, 122 Niobrara River, early name of, 88 Nuttall, Thomas, journey of, 103, 110, 111 Ochkih-Hadda, the evil spirit of the Mandan, 132, 142 O'Fallon, Maj., commissioner with Long expedition, 157 Oglala— a Teton band, 2 country occupied by, 63 epidemic of cholera among, 64 log lodges of, 67 moving of village of, 64-65 skin lodges of, 68 wanderings of, 44 Ohio Valley, ancient village sites of, 102 Ojibway— ceremonial structures of, 18-19 habitations of, 8-17 location of villages of, 1 meeting of, with Sioux, to establish peace, 15 territory claimed by, 8 village sites of, 15 See Chippeway. Omaha tribe— manners and customs of, 85-87 meaning of the name, 108 migration of, 77 of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77 Omaha villages, 77-87 destroyed by fire, 78 One Stab, an Oglala head-man, 70 Oohenonpa, a Teton band, 2 Osage Indians— a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77 habitat of, 98 industry of women, 103 life of, described by Morse, 106 structures of, 99, 101-104 villages of, described, 100, 103-104 villages of, listed by Père Marquette, 98 Oto tribe— a tribe of the Chiwere group, 2 closely connected with Winnebago, 122 councils with, 115, 117-118 country occupied by, 114 habitation of, described by Bradbury, 115 temporary camp of, described by James, 120 winter camp of, described by Mölhausen, 118 Otsotchove, a Quapaw village, 109 Ozarks— caves of, 107 habitat of the Osage, 98 hunting ground of the Osage, 107 Pahatsi, an Osage band, 2, 98 Palisades. See Fortified villages. Palmer, Dr., missionary to the Osage, 104 Papillion Creek, Omaha village on, 81 Pasquayah village, 71 Pawnee confederacy, tribes composing, 2 Pawnee Indians— abandoned camp of, 165 attack by, on Kansa village, 96 council held with, 160-161 country occupied by, 159 customs of, 163-165 habitations of, 156, 158, 161-162 manner of moving, 163 migration of, 156 temporary camp of, 164 Pawnee villages— description of, 157, 162 orderly removal of, 65 photographs of, 162 Pelican, The, an Assiniboin chief, 71 Pembina, native habitations at, 55 Pemmican maul, of the Oto, 121 Peoria, village of, visited by Marquette, 41 Persimmon pulp, bread made of, 100 Petit Corbeau, village of, 48, 49, 50 Picaneaux, location and number of, 32 See Piegan. Piegan Indians— a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy, 1, 25 camp of, described, 30-31 camp of, painted by Bodmer, 29 country occupied by, 27 population of, 31, 32 See Picaneaux. Pike, Lieut. Z. M., exploring expedition of, 99, 155 Pillagers, gathering place of, 15 Pipes— ceremonial use of, 172 from Omaha cache, 83 of peace, smoking of, 61 Pipestone quarry, tribes ranging near, 77 Pis-ka-kau-a-kis, a band of Cree, 18 Pitahauerat, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy, 2 "Platte purchase," Iowa living in, 114 Platte River, Oto village on, 116 Ponca Indians— a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77 habitations of, 87-88 migration of, 77 separation of, from the Omaha, 87 Population— of Arikara villages, 170 of Assiniboin, 76 of Atsina or Fall Indians, 32 of Cheyenne, 24 of Cree, 19 of Crow, 19 of Kansa, 89, 93 of Mandan, 139 of Minnetaree villages, 126 of Osage, 104 of Piegan, 31 of Sarsees, 32 of village of Sotoüis, 110 of Waco, 182 of Wichita, 182 of Yankton, 56 Porcupine Creek, village on, 22 Pottery— Arikara, 174 fragments of, in Ozark caves, 107 fragments of, on village site, 46 of the Mandan, 137-138 of the Quapaw, 112 See Earthenware. Pounds, buffalo, 5-6, 26 Quapaw— a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77 country occupied by, 108 decrease in population of, 111 meaning of the name, 108 migration of, 77, 112 remnants of, 111 Quivira, reached by Coronado, 179 Radin, Paul, list of Winnebago structures given by, 122 Rakes, made by Arikara, 177 Raynolds exploring party, sacred structure discovered by, 63 Red Cloud, an Oglala chief, 70, 71 Red River, structures in valley of, 9, 12 Red Wing, Minn., origin of the name, 47 Red Wing, village of— described by Schoolcraft, 49 described by Seymour, 50 Rees, warfare of, with Sioux, 70 Republican Pawnee— described by Irving, 161 visited by Long expedition, 159 See Kitkehahki. Requa, W. C., Osage described by, 104 Rings— of earth, 21, 28, 30 of stone, 20, 21 Rocky Mountain Fort, Assiniboin camp near, 77 Rooptahee, a Mandan winter village, 125, 134 Rotundas of the Cherokee, 118 Running-water River, early name of the Niobrara, 88 Rush mats— for seats and sleeping places, 11 method of making, 41 used for covering dwellings, 10 Sacred dance— for benefit of sick, 82 of the Dakotas, 55 Sacred island in Mille Lac, described, 46 St. Joseph, a trading post, 184 St. Paul, former Indian village near, 38 St. Peters River, exploration of, 47 Salt, making of, by Indians, 42, 174 Sandy Creek, Oto encampment on, 120 Sans Arcs, a Teton band, 2 See Itazipcho. Sans Oreille, an Osage chief, 100 Santee— eastern division of the Dakota, 45 tribes forming, 2 use of the name, 45 Santsukhdhi an Osage band, 2, 98 Sarsees, number and location of, 32 Saskatchewan Valley, tribes inhabiting, 32 Sauk and Foxes— agriculture of, 40 living as one tribe, 38 manners and ways of life, 39-41 summer and winter habitations of, 38 villages of, similar in appearance, 38 See Fox Indians, Sauk Indians. Sauk Indians— excursions of, against the Osage and Missouris, 98 Missouri driven out by, 121 removal of, to Indian Territory, 38 territory of, 1 village of, visited by Long, 38 See Sauk and Foxes. Sauteux. See Ojibway. Schoolcraft, H. R.— deserted Osage villages encountered by, 101 journey of, down the Mississippi, 49 Sioux settlements described by, 49 Seven Council Fires of the Dakota, 44 Seymour, E. S.— Kaposia described by, 50 sketches by, 55, 93, 95, 121 Shakopee's village, described by Keating, 52 Shawanese, migration of remnant of, 2, 3 Shawnee, villages of, west of the Mississippi, 42 Shields— Arapaho, affixed to tripods, 36, 37 of the Pawnee, 157 Sibley, George C., Kansa village described by, 90 Sichangu, a Teton band, 2 Sick and aged— dance for benefit of, 82 treatment of, 165 Sihasapa, a Teton band, 2 Siksika, a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy, 1, 25 Siouan tribes— classification of, 2 general movement of, 3 in the East, 44 second largest stock north of Mexico, 43 skin tipi typical of, 7 various habitations of, 44 villages of, described, 1 westward migration of, 43 Sioux— excursions of, against the Osage, 98 gathering of, with Ojibway, to establish peace, 15 Sisseton, a division of the Dakota, 2, 44 Skidi, a tribe of the Pawnee Confederacy, 2 Skin Dressing, implements for, 58, 59, 138 Skin Lodge— Arapaho, 37 Assiniboin, 71, 76 Blackfoot, 28 Cheyenne, 24 construction of, 56 Cree, 18, 20 Crow, 150, 152, 153 decorations on, 28, 67, 76, 78, 85 descriptions of, 50, 51 drawings of, 56 erected by the Dakota, 45 Hidatsa, 146 Kansa, 94 Omaha, construction of, 80-81, 85 Pawnee, 162, 164, 165-166 predominance of, on the plains, 185 sketched by Kurz, 76 Teton, 61 used by roving tribes, 32 used by the Dhegiha, 77 used by the Oto, 118 Skin scraper, bone, described, 58, 59 Skin tipi— when used by Omaha, 84-85 Yankton, described by Maximilian, 57-58 Sledges of the Mandan, 134 Smallpox epidemic— among the Mandan, 139 among the Omaha, 78 Smoking custom of the Blackfeet, 26, 27 See Pipes. Sotoüis, population of village of, 110 Soulier Noir, French name for the Amahami, 126 Spears, Arapaho, affixed to tripods, 36, 37 Spoons, horn— of the Mandan, 137 of the Pawnee, 158 Stanley, paintings by, in National Museum, 31 Stansbury Expedition, narrative of, 64, 66-68 Starapat, an Arikara chief, 176 State Historical Society of North Dakota, surveys made by, 139, 145 Stockade buildings, mentioned by Long, 50 Stockades, remains of, 67 See Fortified villages. Stone circles, explanation of, 20, 21 Stone Indians. See Assiniboins. Sun dance, lodges erected for, 63, 85 Sunflower seed, cakes made of, 136 Sweat house— of the Crows, 155 of the Ojibway, 12, 16 Symbols, cut on trees by Indians, 43 Talangamane, a Sioux chief, 49 Taoapa, description of village of, 52 Tapage Pawnee. See Pitahauerat. Tatanka Wechacheta, a Wahpeton chief, 53 Tatunkamane, son of a Dakota chief, 48 Tchan-dee, a Teton Sioux chief, 62 Teton— a division of the Dakota, 2, 44 bands composing, 2 customs of, 60 great village of, visited by Lewis and Clark, 59-60 Teton River, village near mouth of, 62 Thatched lodges, of the Wichita, 179-180 Thief, The, an Oto Indian, 117 Tinder Mountain, Cree band at, 18 Tipi— drawing of, by Bodmer, 58, 59 of the plains tribes, fine example of, 68 typical of Siouan tribes, 7 See Skin lodges. Tonginga, a Quapaw village, 109 Toriman, a Quapaw village, 109 Totem posts, not used by Omaha, 85 Traders lodge, of the Oglala, 68 Trails— across the prairie, 88 buffalo, 7 in the Black Hills, 70, 71 made by travois, 66 Transportation— among the Oglala, 65 among the Piegan, 30 See Dog travois, Horse travois. Travois. See Dog travois, Horse travois. Treaties— of Greenville, westward migration following, 42 of peace between Sioux and Chippewas, 15 place of, between Ojibway and U. S. Government, 16 with Tetons, Yankton and Yanktonai, 57 Twenty-Four, village of the, a former Kansa town, 94 Two Kettles. See Oohenonpa. Typha palustris, mats made of leaves of, 100 Union Agency, location of, 104-105 Utensils of the Mandan, 136-137 Utsehta, an Osage band, 2, 98 Village of the Twenty-Four, 94 Village sites, not contemporaneous, 127 Wabashaw, a Sioux village visited by Schoolcraft, 49 Waco Indians— a tribe of the Wichita confederacy, 2 appearance of, 181 grass lodge of, 181 population of, 182 Wahktageli, a Yankton chief, 58 Wahpekute, a division of the Dakota, 2, 44 Wahpeton tribe— a division of the Dakota, 2, 44, 52 country occupied by, 52 village of, described, 53 Wah-toh-ta-na, name for the Oto, 116 Wakan wachepe, a Dakota society, 55 Wa-ki-ta-mo-nee, an Oto chief, 118 Wanotan, a Yanktonai chief, 54 Wapasha, a Dakota chief, 47 Wapasha's Prairie, mentioned by Seymour, 50 Wapasha village, description of, 47, 48 War dance, Osage, account of, 105 Warriors, special lodges for use of, 25 Wattasoons, Mandan name for the Amahami, 126 Wattlework structures of the Osage, 101-102, 105 Waubuschon, an Osage chief, 100 Wayondott, migration of band of, 3 Weapons of the Mandan, 138 Western Engineer, a steamboat of 1819 on Missouri River, 91-93 Wetarko, Indian name for Grand River, 169 White Hair, an Osage chief, 103 White River, village site on, 108 Wichita confederacy— a Caddoan group, 2 thatched dwellings of, 179-180 Wickiup, a temporary shelter, 70 Wigwams— construction of, 11 dome-shaped, of the Ojibway, 14 mat and bark covered, 7 See Lodges. Winnebago— a Siouan tribe, 2 country occupied by, 122 villages of, 122 Wolf Pawnee. See Skidi. Women— custom concerning, 19 industry of, 103 labor of, 65 Yankton tribe— a division of the Dakota, 2, 44 described by General Atkinson, 57 population of, 57 structures of, 57-58 Yanktonai— a division of the Dakota, 2, 44 country inhabited by, 54 described by Keating, 54, 55 habitations of, 56-57 village of, near Lake Traverse, 54 Yellow Bear, an Hidatsa chief, 145 Yellow Stone, a Missouri River steamboat, 130

Transcriber's note:

Some illustrations were originally located in the middle of paragraphs. These have been adjusted to not interrupt the flow of reading.

Inconsistent spelling is maintained in this document, for example "Chayenne" and "Cheyenne".