GLOSSARY.

Abortive, imperfectly developed.

Aberrant, deviating from a type.

Acicular, needle-shaped.

Aculeate, slender pointed.

Acuminate, terminating in a point.

Acute, sharp pointed.

Adnate, gills squarely and firmly attached to the stem.

Adnexed, gills just reaching the stem.

Adhesion, union of different organs or tissues.

Adpressed, pressed into close contact, as applied to the gills.

Agglutinated, glued to the surface.

Alveolate, honey-combed.

Alutaceous, having the color of tanned leather.

Anastomosing, branching, joining of one vein with another.

Annual, completing growth in one year.

Annular, ring-shaped.

Annulate, having a ring.

Annulus, the ring around the stem of a mushroom.

Apex, in mushrooms the extremity of the stem next to the gills.

Apical, close to the apex.

Apiculate, terminating in a small point.

Appendiculate, hanging in small fragments.

Applanate, flattened out or horizontally expanded.

Arachnoid, cobweb-like.

Arculate, bow-shaped.

Areolate, pitted, net-like.

Ascus, spore case of certain mushrooms.

Ascomycetes, a group of fungi in which the spores are produced in sacs.

Ascospore, hymenium or sporophore bearing an ascus or asci.

Atomate, sprinkled with atoms or minute particles.

Atro (ater, black), in composition "black" or "dark."

Atropurpureous, dark purple (purpura, purple).

Aurantiaceous, orange-colored (aurantium, an orange).

Aureous, golden-yellow.

Auriculate, ear-shaped.

Azonate, without zones or circular bands.

Badious, bay, chestnut-color, or reddish-brown.

Basidium (pl. basidia), an enlarged cell on which spores are borne.

Basidiomycetes, the group of fungi that have spores borne on a basidium.

Bifid, cleft or divided into two parts.

Booted, applied to the stem of mushrooms when inclosed in a volva.

Boss, a knob or short rounded protuberance.

Bossed, furnished with a boss or knob, bulbate.

Byssus, a fine filamentous mass.

Cæspitose, growing in tufts.

Calyptra, applied to the portion of volva covering the pileus.

Campanulate, bell-shaped.

Cap, the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of a common mushroom.

Capillitium, spore-bearing threads, often much branched, found in puffballs.

Carnose, flesh-color.

Cartilaginous, hard and tough.

Castaneous, chestnut-color.

Ceraceous, wax-like.

Cerebriform, brain-shaped.

Cespitose, growing in tufts.

Cilia, marginal hair-like processes.

Ciliate, fringed with hair-like processes.

Cinereous, light bluish gray or ash gray.

Circumscissile, breaking at or near the middle on equatorial line.

Circinate, rounded.

Clavate, club-shaped, gradually thickened upward.

Columella, a sterile tissue rising column-like in the midst of the Capillitium.

Concrete, grown together.

Continuous, without a break, one part running into another.

Cordate, heart-shaped.

Coriaceous, of a leathery or a cork-like texture.

Cortex, outer or rind-like layer.

Cortina, the web-like veil of the genus Cortinarius.

Cortinate, with a cortina.

Costate, with a ridge or ridges.

Crenate, notched, indented or escalloped at the edge.

Cryptogamia, applied to the division of non-flowering plants.

Cyathiform, cup-shaped.

Cyst, a bladder-like cell or cavity.

Cystidium (pl. cystidia), sterile cells of the hymenium, bladder-like.

Deciduous, of leaves falling off.

Decurrent, as when the gills of a mushroom are prolonged down the stem.

Dehiscent, a closed organ opening of itself at maturity.

Deliquescent, melting down, becoming liquid.

Dendroid, shaped like a tree.

Dentate, toothed.

Denticulate, with small teeth.

Dichotomous, paired, regularly forked.

Dimidiate, halved, applied to gills not entire.

Disc (disk), the hymenial surface, usually cup-shaped.

Discomycetes, Ascomycetes with the hymenium exposed.

Dissepiments, dividing walls.

Distant, applied to gills which are not close.

Discrete, distinct, not divided.

Echinate, furnished with stiff bristles.

Effused, spread over without regular form.

Emarginate, when the gills are notched or scooped out at junction with stem.

Ephemeral, lasting but a short time.

Epidermis, the external or outer layer of the plant.

Epiphytal, growing upon another plant.

Eccentric, out of the center; stem not attached to center of pileus.

Exoperidium, outer layer of the peridium.

Exotic, foreign.

Explanate, flattened or expanded.

Farinaceous, mealy.

Farinose, covered with a mealy powder.

Falcate, hooked or curved like a scythe.

Fasciculate, growing in bundles.

Fastigiate, bundled together with a sheath.

Ferruginous, rust-colored.

Fibrillose, clothed with small fibers.

Fibrous, composed of fibers.

Filiform, thread-like.

Fimbriated, fringed.

Fissile, capable of being split.

Fistular, fistulose, with the stem hollow or becoming hollow.

Flabelliform, fan-shaped.

Flaccid, soft and flabby.

Flavescent, turning yellow.

Flexuose, wavy.

Flocci, threads as of mold.

Floccose, downy.

Flocculose, covered with flocci.

Free, said of gills not attached to the stem.

Friable, easily crumbling.

Fugacious, disappearing quickly.

Fuliginous, sooty-brown or dark smoke-color.

Furcate, forked.

Furfuraceous, with bran-like scales or scurf.

Fuscous, dingy, brownish or brown tinged with gray.

Fusiform, spindle-shaped.

Gasteromyces, Basidiomycetes, in which the hymenium is inclosed.

Gelatinous, jelly-like.

Genus, a group of closely related species.

Gibbous, swollen at one point.

Gills, plates radiating from the stem on which the basidia are borne.

Glabrous, smooth.

Glaucous, with a white bloom.

Gleba, the spore-bearing tissue, as in puffballs and phalloids.

Globose, nearly round.

Granular, with a roughened surface.

Gregarious, growing in numbers in the same vicinity.

Habitat, the natural place of growth of a plant.

Hirsute, hairy.

Host, the plant or animal on which a parasitic fungus grows.

Hyaline, transparent, clear like glass.

Hygrophanous, looking watery when moist and opaque when dry.

Hygrometric, readily absorbing water.

Hymenium, the fruit-bearing surface.

Hymenophore, the portion which bears the hymenium.

Hypha, one of the elongated cells or threads of the fungus.

Imbricate, overlapping like shingles.

Immarginate, without a distinct border.

Incarnate, flesh-color.

Indehiscent, not opening.

Indigenous, native of a country or a place.

Indurated, hardened.

Indusium, a veil beneath the pileus.

Inferior, the ring low down on the stem of Agarics.

Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped.

Innate, adhering by growth.

Involute, edges rolled inward.

Isabelline, color of sole leather, brownish-yellow.

Laccate, varnished or coated with wax.

Lacerate, irregularly torn.

Laciniate, divided into lobes.

Lacunose, pitted or having cavities.

Lamella (lamellæ), gills of a mushroom.

Lanate, wooly.

Leucospore, white spore.

Livid, bluish-black.

Luteous, yellowish.

Maculate, spotted.

Marginate, having a distinct border.

Micaceous, covered with glistening scales, mica-like.

Micron, one-thousandth of a millimeter, nearly .00004 of an inch.

Mycelium, the delicate threads from germinating spores, called spawn.

Nigrescent, becoming black.

Obconic, inversely conical.

Obovate, inversely egg-shaped.

Obese, stout, plump.

Ochraceous, ochre-yellow, brownish-yellow.

Pallid, pale, undecided in color.

Papillate, covered with soft tubercles.

Paraphyses, sterile cells found among the reproductive cells of some plants.

Parasitic, growing on and deriving support from another plant.

Pectinate, toothed like a comb.

Peridium, the outer covering of a puffball, simple or double.

Perithecia, bottle-like receptacles containing asci.

Peronate, used when the stem has a distinct stocking-like coat.

Persistent, inclined to adhere firmly.

Pileate, having a cap or pileus.

Pileolus (pl. pileoli), a secondary pileus, arising from the primary one.

Pileus (pileus, a hat), the cap-like head of a fungus.

Pilose, covered with hairs, furry.

Pore, the opening of the tubes of a polyporus.

Pruinose, covered with a frost-like bloom.

Pubescent, downy.

Pulverulent, covered with dust.

Pulvinate, cushion-shaped.

Putrescent, soon decaying.

Punctate, dotted with points.

Reflexed, bent backwards.

Reniform, kidney-shaped.

Repand, bent or turned up or back.

Resupinate, attached to the matrix by the back.

Reticulate, marked with cross-lines, like the meshes of a net.

Revolute, rolled backward or upward.

Rimose, cracked or full of clefts.

Rimulose, covered with small cracks.

Ring, a part of the veil adhering to the stem of Agarics.

Rubescent, tending to a red-color.

Rubiginous, rust-color.

Rufescent, reddish in color.

Rugose, wrinkled.

Rufous, brownish-red.

Sapid, agreeable to the taste.

Saprophyte, a plant that lives on decaying animal or vegetable matter.

Scrobiculate, marked with little pits or depressions.

Serrate, saw-toothed.

Sinuate, wavy margin of gills or sinus where they reach the stem.

Spathulate, in the form of a spathula.

Spawn, the popular name for mycelium, used in growing mushrooms.

Spores, the reproductive bodies of mushrooms.

Sporophore, name given to the basidia.

Squamose, having scales.

Squamulose, covered with small scales.

Squarrose, rough with scales.

Stigmata, the slender supports of the spores.

Stipitate, having a stem.

Striate, streaked with lines.

Strigose, covered with lines sharp and rigid.

Strobiliform, pineapple-shaped.

Stuffed, stem filled with different material from the walls.

Sulcate, furrowed.

Tawny, nearly the color of tanned leather.

Terete, top-shaped.

Tesselated, arranged in small squares.

Tomentose, downy, with short hairs.

Trama, the substance between the plates of gills.

Truncate, cut squarely off.

Tubercle, a small wart-like excrescence.

Turbinate, top-shaped.

Umbillicate, having a central depression.

Umbo, the boss of a shield, applied to the central elevation of cap.

Umbonate, having a central boss-like elevation.

Uncinate, hooked.

Undulate, wavy.

Vaginate, sheathed.

Veil, a partial covering of stem or margin of pileus.

Veliform, a thin veil-like covering.

Venate or veined, intersected by swollen wrinkles below and on the sides.

Ventricose, swollen in the middle.

Vernicose, shining as if varnished.

Verrucose, covered with warts.

Villose, villous, covered with long, weak hairs.

Viscid, covered with a shiny liquid which adheres to the fingers; sticky.

Viscous, gluey.

Volute, rolled up in any direction.

Volva, a universal veil.

Zoned, zonate, marked with concentric bands of color.