The Marquis D'Argenson

INDEX.

Reading edition

Académie Française, 41, 163.

Académie des Inscriptions et des Belles Lettres, 171, n. 410.

"Academy" of the Luxembourg, 55.

Aguesseau (d'), 18, 77.

Aix-la-Chapelle (Peace of), 156.

Alary (Abbé), 55, 56, 59, 60.

Alembert (d'), 163, 165.

Alessandria (Siege of), 140, 141.

Amelot, 80, 93, n. 237.

Argenson (René I., Count d'), 10, 11, n. 4.

Argenson (René II., Count d'), 11-3.

Argenson (Marc René, Marquis d'), 14; chief of police, 15-7, 25, 27, 31; Chancellor, 18-20, 32, 33, 34; relations with his son, 22, 28-9, 43, 66, nn. 36, 44, 79.

Argenson (Mme. d'), 23, n. 51.

Argenson (René Louis, Marquis d'), ancestry, 10-21; youth, 22-28; early career,28-35; correspondence with Mme. de Balleroy, 35-40; Intendant of Maubeuge, 40-47; at the "Entresol," 54-61; relations with Chauvelin, 63-76; with Fleury, 77-87; correspondence with Voltaire, 87-92; views on foreign policy, 95-100; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nov.1744-Jan.1745, 102-107; Jan.-Dec. 1745, 107-137; 1746, 138-17, 147-153; in retirement, 154-72; political ideas: the "Considérations," 173-210.

Argenson (Mme. d'), 35, 43, 70-3, nn. 202, 207.

Argenson (Marc Pierre, Count d'), 22-5, 28, 34; relations with his brother, 37-40; 43, 45, 76, 93, 120, 132, nn. 131, 217.

Asti (Surprise of), 142.

Aubertin (M., "Esprit Public au XVIII. Siècle"), 48, 52, 167, 170, 172, nn. 1, 413.

Augsburg (Convention of), 122.

Augustus III. (Elector of Saxony and King of Poland), 110, 111, 112, 117, 118, 120, 123, 124, 125, 127, 134, 144, 145.

Austria, 75, 98, 99, 108-109, Chap. IV. passim, nn. 266, 376.

Bachelier, 80.

Balleroy (Marquise de), 30, 35; correspondence with, 35-40, 45, 71.

Balleroy (Marquis de), 45, n. 72.

Bank, 19, 31, 33.

Barbier, 86.

Bassignano, 139.

Bastille, 15.

Bavaria, 121-22, Chap. IV. passim.

Belleisle (Marshal de), 80, 129, 135.

Bicêtre, 168.

Blenheim, 27.

Bolingbroke, 22, 56.

Bougainville, 168.

Boulainvilliers, 90, 181, n. 422.

Bourbon (Duc de), 44, 45, 46, 55.

Breslau (Treaty of, 1742), 109, 132.

Broglie (M. le duc de), 94-95, 122, 136-137, 199, Appendix A, nn. 1, 266, 281, 295, 296, 306, 312, 354, 363, 420.

Brühl (Count), 130, 134, 145, 146.

Buffon, 162, 163.

Campaign of 1744, 102; in Saxony (1745), 134, 151; in Italy (1746), 142.

Carteret, 113.

Caumartin, 15, 23.

Cavalier (The Camisard leader), 27.

Champeaux, 139, 140, n. 366.

Charles VI. (Emperor), 98.

Charles VII. (Emperor), 103, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, 121.

Charles of Lorraine (Prince), 102, 117, 130.

Charles Edward (The Young Pretender), 126, 140, 156.

Charles Emmanuel (King), 138.

Châteauroux (Mme. de), 104.

Châtelet (Mme. du), 88, 89, 91.

Chatelus (Mme. de), n. 372.

Chaulieu, 87, n. 66.

Chauvelin, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 86, 95, 152, nn. 189, 364.

Chavigny, 121, 122, 123.

Chesterfield, 114.

Choisy (Abbé de), 54, n. 147.

Coigny (Marshal de), 102.

Colbert, 12, 207.

Collège Louis-le-Grand, 24, 25, 87, nn. 242, 399.

Condillac, 163.

"Considérations sur le Gouvernement de la France," 89-91, 95, 164, Chap. VI. 178-210, Appendix B, nn. 261, 417, 418, 419, 420, 422, 426.

Conti (Retreat of), 125, 126.

"Contrat Social," 172, 210.

Correspondence with Mme. de Balleroy, 35-40; with Voltaire, 87-92.

Council of State, 34, 57, 63.

Court (Fleury and), 80, 81, 84; d'Argenson and, 147, 148; character of, 209.

Diderot, 162, 164, 165.

Dresden (Treaty of), 135, 151, n. 376.

Dubois, 32, 33, 152.

Ecclesiastical Quarrels, 27, 30, 31, 62, 63, 157 seq.

Elizabeth Farnese, 142, 150.

Empire, 83, 106, 110, Chap. IV. passim; election to, 127; neutrality of, 143 n. 266.

"Encyclopédie," 163, 164, 165.

England, Dubois in, 32, 33; influence in Portugal, 79; Voltaire in, 87, 182; d'Argenson's views on, 96, 98, 99, 167, n. 261; Frederick's overtures to (1745), 113, 126, 127; influence on France, 160, 161. Appendix C (A), Appendix D (E).

"Entresol" ("Club de l'"), 54-61, nn. 154, 366, 399.

"Esprit des Lois," 164, 165.

"Essai de l'Exercice du Tribunal Européen par la France seule," 95-96.

Fénélon, 89.

Finance, 19, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 42, 157, 158, 167, 177, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 200, nn. 417, 404.

Flanders, 104, 106, 117.

Flassan Memoir, 116-18, n. 312, Appendix A.

Fleury (Cardinal), 59, 60, 65, 74, 75; d'Argenson and, 77-86, 152.

Fontenelle, 16, 17, 54, nn. 79, 419.

Fontenoy, 125.

France, under Fleury, 85, 86; foreign policy, 97-99; situation on death of Emperor, 107-10; Austrian overtures to, 130, 131, 135; from 1746 to 1756, 155-167; plans for the government of, 173-210.

Francis I. (Emperor), 127.

Frankfort (Treaty of), 102.

Frederick the Great, 90, 91, 92, 101, 102, 103, 105, 109, 112-15, 119-20, 123-25, 126, 127, 130-36, 151, 152, nn. 281, 306, 376. Appendix C (E).

Friedbourg, 125, 152.

G—— (Mme. de), 44.

George II. (of England), 113, 126.

Germany, 98, 104, 107, 117.

Glatz, 133.

Grimaldi (Cardinal), 11.

Hanover, 126; Convention of, 109, 127, 129, 130, 134, 135, 151.

"Histoire du Droit Public Ecclésiastique," 58, n. 399.

Holland, 30, 37, 57, 99, 100, 182.

Italy, 75, 99, 138-43.

Jansenists, 27, 31, 63, 163.

Jesuits, 25, 27, 31, 62, 163, 164, 165, 171, n. 79.

Journal (D'Argenson's), 37, 39, 50, 78, 83, 96, 155, 166, 167-70, 222; references to, 223-25.

La Bruyère, 50.

Lambert (Mme. de), 40.

Law (John), 33, 34.

"Lettres de cachet," 15, 65, 164, 196-97.

"Lettres Persanes," 30, 55.

"Lits de Justice," 18, 19, 33, 65.

Lorraine, 73, 133, 152.

Louis XIV., 18, 26, 27, 28.

Louis XV., 43, 67, 83, 92; at variance with d'Argenson, 103-7, 107-8, 120, 142, 144, 208, 210, n. 435. Appendix C D.

Luxembourg ("Academy" of the), 55.

Luynes (Duc de), 148.

Machault, 29.

Machault (Controller-General), 157.

Madeleine de Traisnel (Tresnel), 16, 19, n. 44.

Maillebois (Marshal de), 117, 119, 140, 141, 142.

Maillebois (Count de), 141.

Maintenon (Mme. de), 30.

Marais, 20, 31.

Maria Leczinska (Queen), 51.

Maria Theresa, 107, 108-9, 113, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 151, 153.

Marine (The French), 85, 99.

Martin (M. "Histoire de France"), 177, 178, 179, n. 418.

Maurepas, 79, 85, 120, 132, 142, 144.

Mazarin (Cardinal), 11, 12, n. 4.

Méliand, 43, 47, 71.

Methuen Treaty, 79.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nov.,1744-Jan.,1745, 102-7; Jan.-Dec., 1745, 107-37; 1746, 138-47; 147-53.

Mississippi Company, 31.

Molinists, 39, 76.

Montesquieu, 30, 161, 164.

Montgardin, 140.

Moussinot (Abbé), 90, n. 255.

Noailles (Marshal de), 93, 102, 120, 132, 142, 144, 146.

Orléans (Philippe d', Regent), 18, 19, 30, 31, 32, 34, 44, 45.

Orléans household, 45, 93, nn. 131, 217.

Parabère (Mme. de), 45.

Paris, 15, 34.

Parlement de Paris, 18, 28, 31, 32, 33, 63-5, 66, 157-60, n. 418.

Perrault, 54.

Philip V. (of Spain), 141, 142.

"Philosophes," 159-66.

Pico della Mirandola, 36.

Place Vendôme, 55, 61.

"Plans" (for the Government of France), 176-82, nn. 417 [1737 (1764)]; 183-206 [1755 (1784)]; n. 418. Appendix B.

Plélo (Count de), 58, 59.

Poland, 98, 111, 145, (see Augustus III.).

Pompadour (Mme. de), 132, 146, 147, 165, 209, nn. 371, 374.

Pontoise, 32.

Port Royal, 15.

Portugal (Embassy to), 73, 77, 79, 90, 91.

Prades (Abbé de), 164, n. 397.

Press (D'Argenson director of), 28, 30, 31.

Prie (Mme. de), 44, 45, 47.

Prussia, 150, 151, n. 376 (see Frederick).

Pucelle (Abbé), 63.

Quincampoix (Rue), 18, 33.

Regency, 18, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 55, 59.

"Régie," 19.

Réveillon, 34, 35, 37, 61.

Richelieu (Cardinal), n. 4, 132, 152.

Robinson (Sir Thomas), 127.

Rousseau, 162, 163, 172, 182, 209, 210.

Ste. Beuve, 78, 167, 172, n. 1.

St. Louis, 11.

St. Pierre, 40, 41, 56, 58, 69, 89, 96, n. 419.

St. Simon, 17, 18, 19, 34, 169, n. 61.

Sardinia (Kingdom of), 138-43.

Saxe (Maurice de, Marshal), 117, 143, 145-47, n. 373.

Saxony, 98, 103, (see Augustus III.).

Scherer (M. Edmond), 172, n. 1.

Segrez, 170, 171.

Sezanne, 50.

"Siècle de Louis XIV." (Voltaire), 89.

Silesia, 114, 117, 127, 132, 133, 134, 135, n. 314.

Sorbonne, 82, 164, 165, n. 399.

Spain, 75, 98, 99, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 147, 149.

Stanislas Leczinski, 73.

States-General, 159.

Sidney (Philip), 90.

"System" (The), 18, 31, 32, 33, 34, 55, n. 98.

Taille, 41, 62, 177.

"Télémaque," 89.

Tencin, 209.

Thomas à Kempis, 11.

"Tiers-Parti," 98.

"Tom Jones," 170.

Touraine, 11, 13, 16, 170, n. 131.

Turgot, 24, 203, 204.

Turin (Negotiation of), 138-43, 149, 150.

"Unigenitus" ("Constitution"), 30, 31, 62, 157.

Valenciennes, 34, 35, 45.

Valori (Marquis de), 100, 111, 113, 115, n. 299.

Van Hoey, 100 ,101.

Vauban, 55.

Vaulgrenant ,133, 134.

Vendôme (Grand Prior), 27, 87.

Veni (Mme. du), 16, 20.

Venice, 12, n.8.

Versailles, 209; Treaty of (1756), 153, 167.

Vincennes, 162.

Vingtième, 157, 158.

Voltaire, 15, 22, 27, 73; correspondence with, 87-92; 100, 162, 164, 179-180, 182, 183, 209, nn. 242, 249, 255, 367, 420.

Walpole (Horace, ambassador),57.

Warsaw (Treaty of), 110, 125.

Yvon (Abbé), 164.

Zevort (M. Edgar), 94-6, 136, 137, n.312. Appendix A.

The Gresham Press, UNWIN BROTHERS, CHILWORTH AND LONDON.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · Despite d'Argenson's distinguished place among the worthies of his time, the literature relating to him is singularly meagre. Apart from his Note 4 · "Je suis bien ayse de la constance des Catalans. J'attribue en partie cela à la prudence et à l'adresse avec laquelle vous les sçavez gouver Note 8 · His name, by decree of the Senate, was inscribed in the Book of Gold, and he was authorised to add to his escutcheon the arms of Venice. Hen Note 36 · St. Simon, XVI. p. 48. "Quand tout fut posé et rassis, le garde des sceaux demeura quelques minutes dans sa chaire, immobile, regardant au d Note 44 · It was drawn more briefly by the rude daring of the "esprit gaulois." Among the caricatures which accompanied his fall, we find— "Sixty thou Note 4 · His mother's ideas in this matter seem to have followed the liberality of the prevailing fashion. In an unsigned letter to Madame d'Argenson Note 14 · We are indebted to St. Simon for this explanation of the young d'Argensons' escape. See "Mémoires," XIII. pp. 213, 214. The incident aptly i Note 19 · With this, the most famous society of the time, d'Argenson was only remotely connected. He tells us ["Loisirs d'un Ministre," I. p. 187 (178 Note 25 · E.g., one which crops up incidentally in a letter of the Marquis de Balleroy, July 26, 1722. "Effectivement tout le monde dit qu'il fait son Note 32 · St. Simon speaks of Marc René d'Argenson's efforts to break the weight of the religious persecution; and the modest expression of gratitude Note 51 · See Martin, "Histoire de France," XV. p. 64. In a witty satire upon the System which appeared upon the walls at this period, we read: "Jean Note 84 · Count d'Argenson had become chief of police in succession to Machault in the spring of 1720. In June he was involved in his father's disgrac Note 85 · Mentioned by d'Argenson in the course of the letter of January 4 quoted below. Cf. Marais, "Journal," III. p. 77, and Barbier.Note 4 · These papers, after a chequered career, fell into the hands of the Abbé d'Olivet, Voltaire's correspondent, who published a selection of the Note 9 · Ibid., I. p. 102. "Je demandai de moi-même à admettre l'abbé."Note 11 · This account of the Entresol is derived from d'Argenson's Journal (Rathery), I. pp. 91-111; "Essais dans le goût de ceux de Montagne, ou Loi Note 46 · Chauvelin placed his library at his disposal, gave him valuable hints as to the manner in which to pay court to the Cardinal, and even deign Note 59 · See especially that of December 8, 1718. It is sufficiently amusing to quote in the original. "J'ai eu grand soin, ma chère tante, d'inspire Note 74 · D'Argenson had held the same post in the beginning of his career (see pp. 28, 30). It was not important, but it presented opportunities whic Note 94 · Journal (Rathery), II. p. 185. 1 July, 1739. It was on this very day that d'Argenson received an order from Amelot, the Foreign Minister, to Note 99 · At the Collège Louis-le-Grand: see pp. 24, 25. We may gather from a letter from d'Argenson to Voltaire (June 20, 1739. Nisard) that some of Note 106 · March 24, 1739. In a letter to d'Argenson of January 26, 1740, Voltaire speaks of those views upon history of which he afterwards became the Note 112 · Voltaire, 16th April, 1739. It may be presumed that d'Argenson was unable to keep his satisfaction to himself; for Voltaire writes to his bu Note 5 · "But in stirring the fire we must be careful not to set it in a blaze. This nation (the English) is awakened promptly and powerfully by the Note 10 · M. de Broglie speaks of d'Argenson as having been "among the severest censors of Fleury, whom he reproached bitterly for having compromised Note 25 · M. de Broglie represents ("Marie Thérèse," I. pp. 202-4) that d'Argenson's policy involved the abandonment of the allies of France. The grou Note 39 · "Where we should look for the breadth of view and the decision of the statesman, we find but the emotion of a doctrinaire who has attained t Note 40 · On the evidence of a certain note, M. de Broglie suggests ("Marie Thérèse," I. p. 213) that d'Argenson was by no means at one with the Counc Note 43 · Valori, "Mémoires," I. p. 207. "Il me semble que le parti que le roi de Pologne avait à prendre pour sa gloire, sa grandeur, son interêt et Note 50 · M. de Broglie is perhaps a little premature in describing this as "the beginning of the old game" ("Marie Thérèse," I. pp. 219, 220). Freder Note 56 · The memoir is neglected by M. Zevort. It is noticed by M. de Broglie ("Marie Thérèse," I. p. 202, note) and rejected as possibly spurious an Note 58 · Apart from the policy set forth in it, this memoir contains some important critical suggestions: (a) The minister's determination to maintai Note 98 · With this compare Zevort, p. 105, where d'Argenson is made the prime mover in measures which M. de Broglie proves he was deliberately doing Note 107 · In particular, M. de Broglie's account becomes as excellent as it formerly seemed to be exceptionable. He is no longer fretted by d'Argenson Note 108 · Even in one of the Balleroy letters he speaks of "une méchante confédération comme celle d'Italie"; and his ideal of Italian independence wa Note 110 · Champeaux, at this time agent at Geneva, was a friend of d'Argenson, and one of his old companions at the Entresol.Note 111 · The hope was perhaps suggested by Voltaire (de Broglie), who had sent to the Minister the few cheering words he received during the storm cr Note 115 · In certain letters of doubtful authority, the ill-feeling is accounted for by the suggestion that Maria Theresa was corresponding with Madam Note 116 · See "Correspondance de Louis XV. et le Maréchal de Noailles," ed. Camille Rousset. The Madame de Chatelus mentioned by Noailles was the lady Note 117 · M. Vitzthum d'Eckstaedt concludes his account as follows: "It was not for general incapacity that the Marquis d'Argenson was dismissed, nor Note 118 · "Le système des ridicules poursuit de même le ministre des affaires étrangères, qui, estimant peu les courtisans, est très reservé avec eux.Note 120 · Perhaps it is necessary to reinforce this point. It is to be remembered that in any acutely critical period, wisdom is a matter of months or Note 19 · D'Argenson did not disguise his sympathy with the "philosophers." When the Abbé de Prades was fleeing the country he took refuge in the neig Note 21 · D'Argenson had a personal reason for ill-feeling against the Sorbonne. It proposed to condemn a "Histoire du droit public ecclésiastique fra Note 26 · As a brief and excellent example, we may take a criticism of sinking funds which English statesmen might have read with advantage:— "Ces ren Note 32 · In January, 1747, d'Argenson was nominated by the King President of the "Académie des Inscriptions et des Belles-Lettres" (Journal, Rathery,Note 35 · Of M. Aubertin's notice ("L'esprit public") it is but little to say that it is by far the ablest criticism of d'Argenson at present existing Note 3 · Other notable features of the scheme are:— (a) Principles of taxation. Total exemption for raw materials; light taxes upon permanent stock a Note 4 · We have to guard against confounding d'Argenson's philosophical disquisitions with his definite project of reform. He held himself bound to Note 5 · Perhaps one source of obscurity is d'Argenson's unhappy title. By "la démocratie" he means, not "democracy," but "the democratic element." H Note 6 · Voltaire to d'Argenson, June 21, 1739 (Garnier). In speaking of this letter, M. de Broglie represents that Voltaire regarded d'Argenson's bo Note 8 · "Ce Traité de Politique a esté composé à l'occasion de ceux de M. de Boulainvilliers, touchant l'ancien gouvernement féodal de la France, 17 Note 12 · So far as is known to the writer, the only full account of it is that of M. de Broglie ("Marie Thérèse," I. pp. 187-90), which is open to gr Note 21 · And this wise man knew it. He writes in March, 1756:— "Cependant le Roi est très mal conseillé; il se donne toujours tort et donne toujours