Part 2 — Historical Review of the Month.
Reading edition
THE UNITED STATES.
The August elections, though in general not very warmly contested, have attracted much attention. We have attempted, in the following carefully prepared table, to exhibit the results, as well as the character of the next Congress at large—a task somewhat difficult on account of the diversity of parties and the frequent disregard which has been shown for old divisions:—
XXXII CONGRESS—SENATE.
Commenced March 4, 1851, and ends March 4, 1852.
Term Expires.
ALABAMA.
Jeremiah Clemens,1853
William R. King, S. R.1855
ARKANSAS.
Wm. K. Sebastian, S. R.,1853
Solon Borland.1855
CALIFORNIA.
Wm. M. Gwinn,1855
Elean Heydenfeldt, L. R.[A]1857
CONNECTICUT.
Truman Smith,1855
A vacancy.1857
DELAWARE.
Presley Spruance,1855
James A. Bayard, L. R.1857
FLORIDA.
Jackson Morton,[B]1855
Stephen R. Mallory.[A]1857
GEORGIA.
John McP. Berrien, S. R.,[C] 1853
Wm. C. Dawson.[B]1855
INDIANA.
James Whitcomb, L. R.,1855
Jesse D. Bright.1857
ILLINOIS.
Stephen A. Douglas,1853
James Shields, L. R.1855
IOWA.
George W. Jones, L. R.,1853
Augustus C. Dodge, L. R.1855
KENTUCKY.
Joseph R. Underwood,1853
Henry Clay.1855
LOUISIANA.
Sol. W. Downs,1853
Pierre Soulé, S. R.1855
MAINE.
James W. Bradbury,1853
Hannibal Hamlin, F. S.1857
MARYLAND.
James A. Pierce,1855
Thomas G. Pratt.1857
MASSACHUSETTS.
John Davis,1853
Charles Sumner, F. S.1857
MISSISSIPPI.
Henry S. Foote,1853
Jefferson Davis, S. R.1857
MICHIGAN.
Alpheus Felch,1853
Lewis Cass.1857
MISSOURI.
David R. Atchison, S. R.,1855
Hen. S. Geyer.[B]1857
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
John P. Hale, F. S.,1853
Moses Harris, jr.1855
NEW-YORK.
William H. Seward,1855
Hamilton Fish.1857
NEW JERSEY.
Jacob W. Miller,1853
Robert F. Stockton.1857
NORTH CAROLINA.
Willie P. Mangum,1853
George E. Badger.1855
OHIO.
Salmon P. Chase, F. S.,1855
B. Franklin Wade.1857
PENNSYLVANIA.
James Cooper,1853
Richard Brodhead, jr.1857
RHODE ISLAND.
John H. Clarke,1853
Charles T. Jarves, L. R.1857
SOUTH CAROLINA.
R. Barnwell Rhett (Sec.),1853
A. P. Butler, S. R.1855
TENNESSEE.
John Bell,1853
A vacancy.1857
TEXAS.
Sam Houston,1853
Thomas J. Rusk.1857
VERMONT.
William Upham,1853
Solomon Foote.1857
VIRGINIA.
Robert M. T. Hunter,1853
James M. Mason.1857
WISCONSIN.
Isaac P. Walker,1855
Henry Dodge.1857
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
ALABAMA. 1. John Bragg, S. R., 2. James Abercrombie,[B] 3. Sampson W. Harris, S. R., 4. Wm. R. Smith, 5. Geo. S. Houston, 6. W. R. W. Cobb, 7. Alex White.[B] ARKANSAS. —— CALIFORNIA. —— —— CONNECTICUT. 1. Charles Chapman, 2. C. M. Ingersoll,[B] 3. Chauncey F. Cleveland, F. S., 4. O. S. Seymour.[B] DELAWARE. 1. George Read Riddle, L. R. FLORIDA. Edward C. Cabell, L. R. GEORGIA. 1. ——, 2. ——, 3. ——, 4. ——, 5. ——, 6. ——, 7. ——, 8. ——. ILLINOIS. 1. Wm. H. Bissell, L. R., 2. Willis Allen, L. R., 3. O. R. Ficklin, L. R., 4. R. S. Maloney, F. S., 5. Wm. A. Richardson, L. R., 6. T. Campbell, F. S., 7. Richard Yates. INDIANA. 1. James Lockhart, 2. Cyrus L. Dunham, L. R., 3. John L. Robinson, 4. Samuel W. Parker, 5. Thomas H. Hendricks, L. R., 6. Willis A. Gorman, 7. John G. Davis, F. S., 8. Daniel Mace, F. S., 9. Graham N. Fitch, 10. Samuel Brenton. IOWA. 1. Lincoln Clark, L. R., 2. Bernhardt Henn, L. R. KENTUCKY. 1. Linn Boyd, 2. Ben. Edward Grey, L. R., 3. Presley Ewing, 4. William T. Ward, 5. James N. Stone (rep.), 6. Addison White, 7. Humphrey Marshall, 8. John C. Breckenridge, L. R., 9. John C. Mason, 10. Richard H. Stanton. LOUISIANA. 1. ——, 2. ——, 3. ——, 4. ——. MAINE. 1. Moses McDonald, L. R., 2. John Appleton,[A] 3. Robert Goodenow, 4. Charles Andrews, F. S., 5. Ephraim K. Smart, F. S., 6. Israel Washburn, jr., 7. Thomas J. D. Fuller. MARYLAND. 1. ——, 2. ——, 3. ——, 4. ——, 5. ——, 6. ——. MASSACHUSETTS. 1. William Appleton, 2. Robert Rantoul, jr., F. S., 3. James H. Duncan, 4. B. Thompson, 5. Charles Allen, F. S., 6. George T. Davis, 7. John Z. Goodrich, 8. Horace Mann, F. S., 9. Oron Fowler, 10. Zeno Scudder. MICHIGAN. 1. Ebenezer J. Penniman, F. S., 2. Charles E. Stuart, L. R., 3. James L. Conger, F. S. MISSISSIPPI. 1. ——, 2. ——, 3. ——, 4. ——. MISSOURI. 1. John F. Darby, 2. Gilchrist Porter, 3. John G. Miller, 4. Willard P. Hall, Anti-Benton, 5. John S. Phelps, Benton. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. Amos Tuck, 2. Charles H. Peaslee, 3. Jared Perkins, 4. Harry Hibbard, L. R. NEW JERSEY. 1. Nathan T. Stratten, 2. Charles D. Skelton, L. R., 3. Isaac Wildrick, 4. George H. Brown, 5. Rodman M. Price, L. R. NEW-YORK. 1. John G. Floyd, F. S., 2. Obadiah Bowne, 3. Emanuel B. Hart, L. R., 4. J. H. Hobart Haws, 5. George Briggs, 6. James Brooks, 7. Abraham P. Stevens, L. R., 8. Gilbert Dean, F. S., 9. William Murray, F. S., 10. Marius Schoonmaker, 11. Josiah Sutherland, F. S., 12. David L. Seymour, L. R., 13. John L. Schoolcraft, 14. John H. Boyd, 15. Joseph Russell, F. S., 16. John Wells, 17. Alexander H. Buel, F. S., 18. Preston King, F. S., 19. Willard Ives, F. S., 20. Timothy Jenkins, F. S., 21. William W. Snow, F. S., 22. Henry Bennett, 23. Leander Babcock, F. S., 24. Daniel T. Jones, F. S., 25. Thomas Y. How, Jr., F. S., 26. Henry S. Walbridge, 27. William A. Sacket, 28. Ab. M. Schermerhorn, 29. Jerediah Horsford, 30. Reuben Robie, F. S., 31. Frederick S. Martin, 32. Solomon G. Haven, 33. Aug. P. Hascall, 34. Lorenzo Burrows. NORTH CAROLINA. 1. Thomas L. Clingman,[C] 2. Joseph P. Caldwell, L. R., 3. Alfred Dackery, 4. James T. Morehead, 5. Abraham W. Venable, S. R., L. R., 6. John R. J. Daniel, S. R., 7. William S. Ashe, 8. Edward Stanley, 9. David Outlaw. OHIO. 1. David T. Disney, L. R., 2. Lewis D. Campbell, L. R., 3. Hiram Bell, 4. Benjamin Stanton, 5. Alfred P. Edgerton, 6. Frederick Green, 7. Nelson Barrere, 8. John L. Taylor, L. R., 9. Edson B. Olds, L. R., 10. Charles Sweetser, 11. George H. Busby, 12. John Welsh, 13. James M. Gaylord, 14. Alexander Harper, 15. William F. Hunter, 16. John Johnson, Md. L. R., 17. Joseph Cable, L. R., 18. David K. Cartter, 19. Eben Newton, F. S., 20. Josh R. Giddings, F. S., 21. N. S. Townshend, F. S., L. R. PENNSYLVANIA. 1. Thomas B. Florence, L. R.,[A] 2. Joseph R. Chandler, 3. Henry D. Moore, L. R., 4. John Robbins, jr., L. R., 5. John McNair, 6. Thomas Ross, 7. John A. Morrison, L. R., 8. Thaddeus Stevens, 9. J. Glancy Jones, 10. Milo M. Dimmick, 11. Henry M. Fuller,[A] 12. Galusha A. Grow, F. S., 13. James Gamble, 14. T. M. Bibighaus, 15. William H. Kurtz, 16. J. X. McLanahan, 17. Andrew Parker, 18. John L. Dawson, 19. Joseph H. Kuhns, 20. John Allison, 21. Thomas M. Howe, 22. John W. Howe, 23. Carlton B. Curtis, L. R., 24. Alfred Gilmore, L. R. RHODE ISLAND. 1. George G. King, 2. Benj. B. Thurston, F. S. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1. Daniel Wallace, 2. James L. Orr, 3. Jos. A. Woodard, 4. John McQueen, 5. Armistead Burt, 6. William Aiken, 7. William F. Colcock. TENNESSEE. 1. Andrew Johnson, L. R., 2. Albert G. Watkins, L. R., 3. Josiah M. Anderson, L. R., 4. John H. Savage, S. R., L. R., 5. George W. Jones, L. R., 6. William H. Polk, L. R., 7. Meredith P. Gentry, L. R., 8. William Cullom, 9. Isham G. Harris, S. R., L. R., 10. Frederick P. Stanton, L. R., 11. Christopher H. Williams, L. R. TEXAS. 1. ——, 2. ——. VERMONT. 1. Ahiman L. Miner, 2. William Hebard, 3. James Meacham, 4. Thos. Bartlett, jr., F. S. VIRGINIA. 1. ——, 2. ——, 3. ——, 4. ——, 5. ——, 6. ——, 7. ——, 8. ——, 9. ——, 10. ——, 11. ——, 12. ——, 13. ——, 14. ——, 15. ——. NEBRASKA. ——. OREGON. 1. Joseph Lane, Ind. L. R. WISCONSIN. 1. Charles Durkee, F. S., 2. Ben. C. Eastman, L. R., 3. James D. Doty, Md., F. S., L. R. MINNESOTA. 1. H. H. Sibley, Ind. NEW MEXICO. ——. UTAH. ——.
Democrats, in Roman; Whigs, in italics; "Union"-men in small-capitals.
[A] Seats contested. Whig Unionists marked with a [B]; Whig Southern Rights with a [C]; F. S., Free Soil; L. R., Land Reform.
So far as heard from, the Delegations from thirteen States are Democratic; six are Whig; four tied. Arkansas and Texas to hear from, and elections are to be held in the six remaining States.
THE ELECTIONS FOR STATE OFFICERS.
Alabama.—Hon. Henry W. Collier, a Southern Rights Democrat, is re-elected Governor of this State.
Tennessee.—Gen. William B. Campbell, Union Whig, is elected Governor of this State over the late Democratic incumbent, Gen. William Trowsdale.
Kentucky.—Lazarus W. Powell (Democrat), it is reported is elected Governor; a John B. Thompson, (Whig) Lieut. Governor; and Rev. Robert J. Breckenridge, (Whig) Superintendent of Public Instruction. Not much of a party contest for the remaining State Officers. One Congressional District (the 5th) in doubt as we go to press, the friends of Clement S. Hill (Whig) hoping that he is elected, but Stone has made gains enough to secure his election.
RECAPITULATION OF CONGRESS.
Senate. House.
States.Dem.Whig.Vac.Dem.Whig.Vac.
Alabama200520
Arkansas200001
California200002
Connecticut101310
Delaware110100
Florida110010
Georgia020008
Illinois200610
Indiana200820
Iowa200200
Kentucky020550
Louisiana200004
Maine200520
Maryland020006
Massachusetts110370
Michigan200120
Mississippi200004
Missouri110230
New Hampshire200220
New Jersey110410
New York02017170
North Carolina020360
Ohio11011100
Pennsylvania1101590
Rhode Island110110
South Carolina200700
Tennessee011650
Texas200002
Vermont020130
Virginia2000015
Wisconsin200300
——————
Total,392121118042
In New-York, the Democratic party will meet in convention on the 10th of this present month of September, to prepare for approaching elections, and, on the following day, the United Whig party will hold its annual convention in the same city—the State Central Committee of both sections of it having united in a call for that purpose.
The Convention of Virginia, which has been sitting at Richmond during the last eight months, have at length agreed upon the form of a new Constitution for that State, and brought its session to a close. The Constitution has yet to be submitted to a vote of the people, but of its acceptance no doubt appears to be entertained. It is to be voted for on the 23d of October.
The President of the United States, accompanied by the Secretaries of War and Interior, has been received with much enthusiasm in various places in eastern Virginia, through which he passed on his way to the White Sulphur Springs. The Secretary of State has been passing a few weeks among the lakes and mountains of New Hampshire, where he will remain probably till October; and the Secretary of the Treasury has been detained by ill health at his residence in Ohio.
Reports from the various agricultural districts of the Union indicate that the wheat harvest of 1851 will be the heaviest ever raised. In New-York, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, the yield is very large, and the wheat excellent. In the Northern and Central Illinois, heavy rains have destroyed a portion of the crop, but in the Southern portion of the State it will be abundant. In Ohio, advices from all quarters of the State show that the wheat crop of the present season will be the largest ever grown in the State. In Iowa, the yield is indifferent. Of corn there will probably be an average crop. Potatoes in several parts of the country have suffered from the rot.
The cholera prevails to some extent in the valley of the Mississippi, and other parts of the Southern and Western States. Among the Sioux Indians it has been very fatal. The treaty just formed with the Sioux Indians, secures to the United States all the land in the entire valley of the Minnesota, and the eastern tributaries of the Sioux, estimated at 21,000,000 of acres.
From Texas, we learn that there has been great excitement at Rio Grande, in consequence of the Mexicans refusing to surrender a fugitive slave. It is said that 2,000 slaves have made their escape into Mexico.
There have been several arrivals from California, and by every one evidence has been furnished of a very unfortunate condition of affairs. Dissatisfied with the manner in which justice is executed, or perhaps with a view to the complete overthrow of the government, large numbers of men have associated themselves at San Francisco and elsewhere, and assumed all the functions of a magistracy, treating the constituted authorities with contempt, and, in secret assemblies, deciding questions of life and of all the highest interests of society. By their directions, several persons accused of crimes have been murdered, and all the officers of the law have been set at defiance. In other respects, the news from California and other parts of the Pacific coast is without remarkable features; the general prosperity continues in mining, agriculture, and trade; and such is the energy of the inhabitants of that city, that San Francisco has nearly recovered from the effects of the disastrous fires with which it has been visited. The arrival at New-York, on the 13th of August, of the steamer Prometheus, in 29 days from San Francisco, by the new route of Lake Nicaragua and the river San Juan, establishes the practicability and advantages of this route. The shortest trip ever made by the Panama route, it is said, was in 31 days.
CUBA.
The people of the United States have been kept in a state of excitement during a portion of the last month by reports of a revolution in the Island of Cuba. It is not yet possible to discover very clearly, what are the facts, but it is certain, that there were insurrectionary movements commencing about the 4th of July, in several parts of the Island; that they were badly planned, and inefficiently executed, and that the whole attempt, having caused the ruin of a vast number of persons, is at an end, and has resulted in the firmer establishment of the Spanish authority.
BRITISH AMERICA.
The Provincial Government persists in its refusal to concede the navigation of the St. Lawrence to foreign vessels till it obtains an equivalent from the United States. A motion against removing the Executive Government to Quebec, until after the expiration of four years from the time of its removal to Toronto, has been negatived the House of Commons by a vote of 48 to 12. It is believed that the removal will be decided on during the present season.
MEXICO.
The financial embarrassments of the government and people engross the general attention, and though it has been believed that a scheme of administration for augmenting the revenue would be successful, yet the country is so unsettled, and the dissatisfaction with the government so common, and the spirit of revolution so diffused, that only confusion and accelerated ruin can very reasonably be predicted of the country. Insurrectionary movements by parties having in view the recall and dictatorship of Santa Anna, have been put down in Chiapos and Tobasco.
SOUTH AMERICA.
In Buenos Ayres Rosas had been disturbed by the disaffection of General Urquiza. Rosas was making active preparations to oppose hostile attacks. The fortieth Anniversary of the Independence of Venezuela was celebrated at Caraccas with great enthusiasm. Venezuela remains perfectly tranquil. The insurrection in the Southern Provinces of New-Grenada has not yet been quelled, and the troops of the Government have suffered a defeat.
EUROPE AND ASIA.
We are compelled to abridge our notices of foreign events to a mere statement of dates. In ENGLAND the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill finally passed the House of Lords on the 28th of July, and receiving the royal signature became a law. Little other business of importance was accomplished before the prorogation of Parliament, which took place on the 8th of August. In France the motion for a revision of the constitution was rejected in the Assembly at Paris on Saturday, July 19. Out of 736 members, in the Assembly, 724 were present and voted—446 in favor of the revision and 278 against it; but as a majority of three quarters was required to carry the motion, it failed. On the 31st of July the Assembly elected a Committee of Permanence, consisting of twenty-five of the most dignified of its members, to sit during the vacation, which it was decided should last from the 10th of August to the 4th of November. From Russia we have news of an important victory of the Turkomans over the Russian troops in the harbor of Astrabad, and the Russians have also suffered an extraordinary and most important defeat in the Caucasus. In Italy every thing is calm, but the oppressions of the ecclesiastical government are more and more intolerable and outrageous. The Pope has returned from his residence at Castel Gandolfo to Rome. The rebellion in the southern provinces of China appears to be still unchecked.