Part 5 — INDEX

(Numbers relate to paragraphs, unless otherwise stated.)

Ablative Absolute, Not in Esperanto, 211b.

Accent, 17, 19.

ACCUSATIVE,

65

–69.

(1) Direct Object, 66.

(2) O. Direction (Motion towards), 67, Ex. 12, 13.

(3) Omitted Preposition, 68, Ex. 16; Duration of time, 68b; Price, weight, measure, 68c.

(4) General remarks, 69.

With adjectives, 36, 69a, 108, 110.

With adverbs, 67b.

With nouns, 109.

With verb omitted, 64a, 105.

ACTION, commencement of,

216

b

.

Continuation of, 216a.

Just happened, 225.

Soon to happen, 225, 229.

Aĉ, 270, Ex. 19.

Ad, 270 (1), Ex. 19.

ADJECTIVES,

107

–114.

Adverbs used for, 245, 269a.

Case of, 108, 110.

Classes of, 108.

Comparison, 112.

Degree of intensity, 114.

Numeral, 116.

Participial, 111, 209b, 213.

Place of, 84.

Possessive sense, 106c.

Predicative, 36, 69a, 77, 108b.

Qualifying, 36, 69a, 108a.

Superlative, 113.

Use in compound words, 106c.

ADVERBS,

238

–248, Ex.

3

,

43

.

Accusative case, 67b.

Classes of, 242.

Comparison, 248.

Followed by word in accusative, 247.

From prepositions, 244.

Instead of prepositional phrase, 252.

List of, 248b.

No influence on case, 243.

Numeral, 117.

Of quantity followed by da, 246.

Participial, 209c, 245a.

Place of, 87–88, 241.

Used for adjectives, 245, 269a.

Advice to the Learner, page 363.

Affect, Ex. 41.

Affirmation, 63–64, page 317.

Affixes, See Prefixes, Suffixes.

Ajn, 158 (c-e).

Aĵ, 271, Ex. 20, Agreement of adjective and noun, 69a, 108, 110.

Al, 259 (1).

Alphabet, Esperanto, 1–4.

An, 272, 278c (1), Ex. 21.

Ankoraŭ, pages 167, 170–171.

Anstataŭ, 259 (2).

Antaŭ, 259 (3).

Antaŭ ol, pages 188, 220.

Any (= any whatever), 158d, (= some), 158c.

Appear, Ex. 40.

Apposition, 69 (c–d).

Apud, 259 (4).

Ar, 273, Ex. 22.

ARTICLES,

96

–102.

A, an, 96.

The, 97–101. See "La."

At, 261a.

Aŭ ... aŭ, page 220.

Bo, 286, Ex. 25.

Bring, Ex. 41.

By, 261b.

Can, could, 237 (f, l), Ex. 42.

Capitals, Use of, 70.

Cardinal numerals, 115.

Case, See "accusative," "nominative."

Collective numerals, 121.

Combinations of consonants 11–15; of vowels, 10.

Comparison of adjectives, 112; of adverbs, 248: Ex. 4.

COMPLEMENT:

Circumstantial, 32, 80.

Direct, 29, 30, 66, 78.

Indirect, 31, 79; Accusative for, 251, 253; Adverb for, 239, 252.

Compound tenses, 169, 195, 222–226.

Compound words, 39c, 46, 49, 106c.

Conditional Mood, See "Moods."

Congresses, International, page viii.

Conjugation: esti, 167; active verb 168–169; Reflexive verb, 170.

CONJUNCTIONS and Conjunctive Adverbs,

262

–268, Ex.

43

.

Case after, 105, 266.

Co-ordinating, 264.

List of, 268a.

No influence on mood, 171, 263.

Omission of, 267.

Subordinating, 265.

Consonants, 7.

Contents, List of, page xxv.

Conversation, pages 324–328.

CORRELATIVES,

139

–158. Ex.

10

,

11

.

Initial and terminal letters, 141.

Parts of speech, 140.

Series beginning with i, 158 (c–d).

Series ending with a, 149; al, 150, 158a; am, 151; e, 152; el, 153, 158a; es, 154; o, 155, 158b; om, 156; u, 157, 158b.

Correspondence, pages

329

–333.

Titles and addresses, 283.

Countries, names of, 278c.

Ĉe, 259 (5).

Ĉef, 272 (g).

Ĉi, 143.

Ĉirkaŭ, 259 (6).

Ĉj, 274, Ex. 23.

Ĉu, 58, 63–64, 91, 170.

Da, 259 (7).

De, 259 (8), 287, Ex. 31

Definitions, 20–39.

Dev, 237a, Ex. 42.

Direct complement, 29–30, 66, 78.

Dis, 287, Ex. 31.

Distributive numerals, 123.

Do, did, 217, 237j, Ex. 38.

Dum, 259 (9).

Duon, 120, 286, Ex. 25.

Ebl, 275, Ex. 24.

Ec, 271, Ex. 20.

Edz, 276, Ex. 25, 44.

Effect, Ex. 41.

Eg, 114, 277, Ex. 26.

Ej, 278, Ex. 27.

Ek, 288, Ex. 19, 32.

El, 259 (12).

Elision, 56–57.

Ellipsis, 58a, 64a, 105, 237m.

Em, 275, Ex. 24.

Emphasis: (order of words) 76, 84a, 87–88; (ja), 217.

En, 259 (12).

Er, 273, Ex. 22.

"Espero, La," pages xxii, xxiii.

Est, 163, 167, 234.

Estr, 272, Ex. 21.

Et, 52b, 114, 277, Ex. 26.

Exercises and Translations, pages 259–316.

Expressions, Useful, pages 340–362.

Fi, 270, Ex. 19.

Foj, 122.

For, 287, Ex. 31.

For, 261c.

Foreign words, 39d, 52.

Formation of words, 39c, 40–50, 106c.

Fractional numerals, 120.

From, 261d.

Fuŝ, 270.

Ge, 286, Ex. 25.

Get, 237k, Ex. 39.

Give, Ex. 41.

GRAMMAR,

94

.

Adjectives, 107–114.

Adverbs, 238–248.

Article, 96–102.

Commentary, 95–290.

Conjunctions, 262–268.

Interjections, 269.

Nouns, 103–106.

Parts of speech, 95.

Prepositions, 249–261.

Pronouns, 125–157.

Rules, 94.

Verbs, 159–237.

GRAMMATICAL TERMINATIONS:

Explanations, 40–42.

List of, 53.

Of verbs, 160.

Ĝis, 259 (13).

Have, Ex. 40.

Hints to learners, page 363.

Id, 279, Ex. 25.

Ig, 280, Ex. 28.

Iĝ, 280, Ex. 28.

Il, 281, Ex. 29.

Imperative mood, See "Moods."

Imperative phrases, pages 320–321.

Impersonal verbs, 129, 164.

In, 282, Ex. 25.

In, 261e.

Ind, 275, Ex. 24.

Indicative mood, See "Moods."

Indirect complement, 31, 79.

Infinitive mood, See "Moods."

Ing, 278, Ex. 27.

Inter, 259 (14).

Interjections and Exclamations, 269.

Interrogation, 58–64, 91, 170, pages 318–320.

Ism, 52b, 293.

Ist, 272, Ex. 21.

Ja, 217, page 170.

Jam, page 170, par. 226a.

Je, 251, 259 (15), Ex. 16.

Jes, 63, 64.

Ju ... des, 112d, page 171.

Ĵus, 225, page 171.

Kaj ... kaj, Page 222.

Ke, page 223; Ke ne, 63; Ke ... u, 200, por ke ... u, 201.

Know, 237c, Ex. 40.

Kon, sci, 237c, Ex. 40.

Kontraŭ, 259 (16).

Krom, 177, 179, 259 (17).

Kun, 259 (18).

Kuŝ, 237 (b).

LA, 97–102.

Before numeral adjectives, 101.

Before proper names, 99b.

English and Esperanto uses compared, 99.

Instead of possessive pronoun, 100.

Invariable, 97.

Optional use, 101a.

Land-names, 278c.

Las, 237d, Ex. 36, 41.

Laŭ, 259 (19).

League of Nations, page vii.

Leave, Ex. 37.

Let, Ex. 41.

Letters, Names of, 4.

Logical Tense, 220, 232.

Mal, 289, Ex. 33.

Malgraŭ, 259 (20).

Matrimony, Ex. 44.

May, might, 237m, Ex. 42.

Mem, 291.

MOODS OF VERBS,

171

–202.

Conditional, 190–194; after se, 193; to soften an expression, 194.

English and Esperanto compared, 171.

How to determine, 172.

Imperative, 195–202; after por ke, 201.

Indicative, 171a, 186–189; when obligatory, 189.

Infinitive, 173–185; as a noun, 181; place of, 82; prepositions used with, 177; ebla instead of, 275c; used for gerund, 182; used for participle or other mood, 184, 185; used generally without a preposition, 176; when another mood is used for, 183.

Subjunctive, None in Esperanto, 171b.

Moŝt, 283, Ex. 23.

Multiple numerals, 119.

Must, 237 (8), Ex. 42.

Ne, 59a, 289, Ex. 33.

NEGATION,

59

–62, page

318

.

Double, repeated, 60, 62.

Place of negative, 59a, 92.

Questions and answers, 64, 170.

Nek ... nek, 59c, page 225.

Nj, 274, Ex. 23.

Nominative case, 104, 110.

NOUNS,

103

–106.

Case, 105, 109, 110.

Declension, 104.

Elision of final O, 56, 57.

Infinitive as noun, 180.

Numeral, 118.

Participial, 209a, 210.

Place of, 83.

Possessive case, 106.

Predicative, 35, 109.

NUMERALS,

115

–124, Ex.

18

.

Cardinal, 115.

Collective, 121.

Distributive, 123.

Fractional, 120.

Multiple, 119.

Ordinal adjectives, 116.

Ordinal adverbs, 117.

Reiterative, 122.

Substantive (numeral nouns), 116.

Object of proposition, 28, 75.

Obl, 284.

Of, 261f.

On, 284.

On, 261g.

Oni, onia, onin, 126.

Op, 284.

Order of words, 73–93.

Ordinal numerals, 116–117.

Ought, 237p, Ex. 42.

PARTICIPLES,

203

–213, Ex.

17

.

Active, 160, 203, 222, 224, 226, 230, 231; Followed by accusative, 66b, 208.

Adjectival, 111, 207, 209b; distinguished from simple adjectives, 213.

Adverbial, 209c, 245a.

Anta, distinguished from a, 213.

Infinitive used for: In English, 185; In Esperanto, 184.

Predicative, 209b.

Passive, 160, 204, 233–236; not used with iĝi, 280g.

Place of, 87.

Terminations of, 203–204.

Parts of speech, 95.

Per, 259 (21).

Pes, pez, 237e.

Phrases, pages 317–323.

Plej ... el, 113, 248, page 176.

Pli aŭ malpli, and similar phrases, 246a.

Pli ... ol, 112, 248, page 176.

Plu, page 176.

Plural, 103, 107, 115f, 142.

Po, 259 (22).

Por, 259 (23); por ke, 201.

Possession, 106, 130–138.

Possessive pronouns, See "Pronouns."

Possessive sense of adjective, 106b.

Post, 259.

Pov, 237f, Ex. 42.

Pra, 286, Ex. 25.

Predicate, 24, 33.

Predicative adjectives, 36, 69a, 77, 108b.

Predicative nouns, 35, 109.

PREFIXES,

286

–290.

Definition, 44.

List of, 55.

Order in combination, 45.

PREPOSITIONS,

249

–261, Ex.

14

,

15

.

Adverb with, 258.

As prefixes, 254, 259 (1–34).

Case after, 255, 256.

Classes of, 259.

Definition, 249.

Denoting movement, 257.

List of, 259.

Omission of, 68, 106d, 253, 258.

Place of, 89.

Prepositional expressions, 258.

Relation to complement, 259.

Replaced by adverb, 252.

Replaced by participle, 212.

Preter, 259 (25).

Pri, 259 (26).

PRIMARY WORDS,

51

.

Conversion into other parts of speech, 51.

Definition, 39a.

List of, pages 334–339.

Pro, 259 (27).

PRONOUNS,

125

–157.

Classes of, 125.

Correlative, 140.

Demonstrative, 143.

Interrogative, 145.

Personal, 126; with al, for possessive, 134a.

Place of, 85.

Possessive, 130–138, Ex. 5; la instead of, 100; sia, lia, etc., 135; omission of, 134; with or without la, 132.

Reflexive, 128–138, Ex. 6; after participle or infinitive, 138c.

Relative, 145.

Pronunciation, 5–19.

Proper names, accus. with, 69d.

Proposition, 22.

Punctuation, 71–2.

Qualifying adjectives, 36, 69a, 108a.

Questions (affirmation, negation), 58–64, 91, 170.

Re, 290, Ex. 32.

Reflexive pronouns, 128–138, Ex. 6, 138c.

Reflexive verbs, 165, 170.

Reiterative numerals, 122.

Roots: definition of, 28; idea conveyed by, 50; modification of English spelling, 52; transitive, intransitive, 237i.

Rules of Grammar, 94.

Sci, kon, 237c, Ex. 40.

Se, pages 226–227, 168 (ĉu).

Sen, 259 (28), 289, Ex. 33.

Shall, will, 237n.

Should, would, 237o, Ex. 42.

Si, See "Reflexive Pronouns"; Possible non-use of, 138d.

Sid, 237g.

Similar words, Distinction of: Ex. 34–36.

Sin, 291; sin trovi, 237h.

Some, 158 (c–e).

Spelling, modification of English, 52.

Spite, 259 (29).

Sub, 259 (30).

Subject of proposition, 23, 25–26, 75; omitted, 27.

Subjunctive Mood, None in Esperanto, 171b.

Substantives, See "Nouns."

Substantive Numerals, 118.

SUFFIXES,

43

,

270

–285.

List of, 54.

Order in combination, 46.

Super, 259 (31).

Sur, 259 (32).

Syntax, 20–36.

Telegrams, Alphabet for, 2.

TENSES,

214

–236.

Future; Simple, 227–229; compound, 230i; used for present or subjunctive, 232.

Names of, 215.

Past: simple, 223; compound, 224; used for pluperfect, 226.

Present: simple, 216; compound, 222; used for past or future, 219–221.

Terminations, List of, 53.

Thanks, Expressions of, Pages 321–322.

Time of day, 124.

Titles and addresses, 283.

To, 261b.

Tra, 259 (33).

Trans, 259 (34).

Transitive and intransitive roots, 237i.

Turn, Ex. 37.

Tuj, 225, page 179.

Typewriting Esperanto, 3.

U.E.A., page vii.

Uj, 278, Ex. 27.

Ul, 272, Ex. 21.

Um, 285, Ex. 30.

Unu, Use of, 115f.

VERBS,

159

–237.

Auxiliary (esti), 163, 167, 234.

Compound tenses, 169; Active Voice, Ex. 8; Passive Voice, Ex. 9; Less frequent than in English, 167, 195, 222–226.

Conjugation: esti, 167; Active verb, 168–9; Reflexive verb, 170.

Duration of action, 216, 225, 229.

Ellipsis of, 58a, 64a, 66c, 237m.

Impersonal, 164.

Intransitive, 162, 237i.

Moods, 171–202.

Participles, 203–213.

Place of, 86.

Reflexive, 165, 170.

Tenses, 214–236.

Transitive, 66a, 161, 237i.

Vic, 292.

VOCABULARIES:

Adverbs, 248b.

Conjunctions and Conjunctive adverbs, 268a.

Interjections and Exclamations, 269.

Prepositions, 259.

Primary words, pages 334–339.

Useful words and expressions, pages 340–362.

"Vojo, La," page xxiv.

Vol, 237n, Ex. 42.

Vowels, 8.

Weather, The, pages 322–323.

Will, shall, 237n.

With, 261i.

Word-building, 40–50, 106c.

Would, should, 237o, Ex. 42.

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