Index.

Aban, a Persian month, ii. 68

Abd-Hadad, priestly king of Hierapolis, i. 163 n. 3

Aberdeenshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79 sq.

Abi-baal, i. 51 n. 4

Abi-el, i. 51 n. 4

Abi-jah, King, his family, i. 51 n. 2;

“father of Jehovah,” 51 n. 4

Abi-melech, “father of a king,” i. 51 n. 4

Abi-milk (Abi-melech), king of Tyre, i. 16 n. 5

Abimelech massacres his seventy brothers, i. 51 n. 2

Abipones, of South America, their worship of the Pleiades, i. 258 n. 2

Abraham, his attempted sacrifice of Isaac, ii. 219 n. 1

Abruzzi, gossips of St. John in the, i. 245 n. 2;

marvellous properties attributed to water on St. John's Night in the, 246;

Easter ceremonies in the, 256;

the feast of All Souls in the, ii. 77 sq.;

rules as to sowing seed and cutting timber in the, 133 n. 3

Abu Rabah, resort of childless wives in Palestine, i. 78, 79

Abydos, head of Osiris at, ii. 11;

the favourite burial-place of the Egyptians, 18 sq.;

specially associated with Osiris, 18, 197;

tombs of the ancient Egyptian kings at, 19;

the ritual of, 86;

hall of the Osirian mysteries at, 108;

representations of the Sed festival at, 151;

inscriptions at, 153;

temple of Osiris at, 198

Acacia, Osiris in the, ii. 111

Achaia, subject to earthquakes, i. 202

Acharaca, cave of Pluto at, i. 205 sq.

Acilisena, temple of Anaitis at, i. 38

Adad, Syrian king, i. 15;

Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder and lightning, 163

Adana in Cilicia, i. 169 n. 3

Addison, Joseph, on the grotto dei cani at Naples, i. 205 n. 1

Adhar, a Persian month, ii. 68

Adom-melech or Uri-melech, king of Byblus, i. 14, 17

Adon, a Semitic title, i. 6 sq., 16 sq., 20, 49 n. 7

Adonai, title of Jehovah, i. 6 sq.

Adoni, “my lord,” Semitic title, i. 7;

names compounded with, 17

Adoni-bezek, king of Jerusalem, i. 17

Adoni-jah, elder brother of King Solomon, i. 51 n. 2

Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, i. 17

Adonis, myth of, i. 3 sqq.;

Greek worship of, 6;

in Greek mythology, 10 sqq.;

in Syria, 13 sqq.;

monuments of, 29;

in Cyprus, 31 sqq., 49;

identified with Osiris, 32;

mourning for, at Byblus, 38;

said to be the fruit of incest, 43;

his mother Myrrha, 43;

son of Theias, 43 n. 4, 55 n. 4;

the son of Cinyras, 49;

the title of the sons of Phoenician kings in Cyprus, 49;

his violent death, 55;

music in the worship of, 55;

sacred prostitution in the worship of, 57;

inspired prophets in worship of, 76;

human representatives of, perhaps burnt, 110;

doves burned in honour of, 147;

personated by priestly kings, 223;

the ritual of, 223 sqq.;

his death and resurrection represented in his rites, 224 sq.;

festivals of, 224 sqq.;

flutes played in the laments for, 225 n. 3;

the ascension of, 225;

images of, thrown into the sea or springs, 225, 227 n. 3, 236;

born from a myrrh-tree, 227, ii. 110;

bewailed by Argive women, i. 227 n.;

analogy of his rites to Indian and European ceremonies, 227;

his death and resurrection interpreted as representations of the decay and revival of vegetation, 227 sqq.;

interpreted as the sun, 228;

interpreted by the ancients as the god of the reaped and sprouting corn, 229;

as a corn-spirit, 230 sqq.;

hunger the root of the worship of, 231;

perhaps [pg 270] originally a personification of wild vegetation, especially grass and trees, 233;

the gardens of, 236 sqq.;

rain-charm in the rites of, 237;

resemblance of his rites to the festival of Easter, 254 sqq., 306;

worshipped at Bethlehem, 257 sqq.;

and the planet Venus as the Morning Star, 258 sq.;

sometimes identified with Attis, 263;

swine not eaten by worshippers of, 265;

rites of, among the Greeks, 298;

lamented by women at Byblus, ii. 23

Adonis and Aphrodite, i. 11 sq., 29, 280;

their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, 224

—— and Attis identified with Dionysus, ii. 127 n.

—— and Osiris, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

——, Attis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

——, the river, its valley, i. 28 sqq.;

annual discoloration of the, 30, 225

Aedepsus, hot springs of Hercules at, i. 211 sq.

Aedesius, Sextilius Agesilaus, dedicates altar to Attis, i. 275 n. 1

Aegipan and Hermes, i. 157

Aelian, on impregnation of Judean maid by serpent, i. 81

Aeneas and Dido, i. 114 n. 1

Aeschylus, on Typhon, i. 156

Aesculapius, in relation to serpents, i. 80 sq.;

reputed father of Aratus, 80 sq.;

his shrines at Sicyon and Titane, 81;

his dispute with Hercules, 209 sq.

Aeson and Medea, i. 181 n. 1

Aetna, Latin poem, i. 221 n. 4

Africa, serpents as reincarnations of the dead in, i. 82 sqq.;

infant burial in, 91 sq.;

reincarnation of the dead in, 91 sq.;

annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 66;

worship of dead kings and chiefs in, 160 sqq.;

supreme gods in, 165, 173 sq., 174, 186, with n. 5, 187 n. 1, 188 sq., 190;

worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantu tribes of, 174 sqq.;

inheritance of the kingship under mother-kin in, 211

——, North, custom of bathing at Midsummer among the Mohammedan peoples of, i. 249

——, West, sacred men and women in, i. 65 sqq.;

human sacrifices in, ii. 99 n. 2

Afterbirth or placenta regarded as a person's double or twin, ii. 169 sq.

See also Placenta

Afterbirths buried in banana groves, i. 93;

regarded as twins of the children, 93;

Shilluk kings interred where their afterbirths are buried, ii. 162

Agbasia, West African god, i. 79

Agdestis, a man-monster in the myth of Attis, i. 269

Agesipolis, King of Sparta, his conduct in an earthquake, i. 196

Agraulus, daughter of Cecrops, worshipped at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145, 146

Agricultural peoples worship the moon, ii. 138 sq.

Agriculture, religious objections to, i. 88 sqq.;

in the hands of women in the Pelew Islands, ii. 206 sq.;

its tendency to produce a conservative character, 217 sq.

Ahts of Vancouver Island regard the moon as the husband of the sun, ii. 139 n. 1

Airi, a deity of North-West India, i. 170

Aiyar, N. Subramhanya, on Indian dancing-girls, i. 63 sqq.

Ajax and Teucer, names of priestly kings of Olba, i. 144 sq., 161

Akhetaton (Tell-el-Amarna), the capital of Amenophis IV., ii. 123 n. 1

Akikuyu of British East Africa, their worship of snakes, i. 67 sq.;

their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, 82, 85

Alaska, the Esquimaux of, ii. 51;

the Koniags of, 106

Albania, marriage custom in, ii. 246

Albanians of the Caucasus, their worship of the moon, i. 73

Albinoes the offspring of the moon, i. 91

Albiruni, Arab geographer, on the Persian festival of the dead, ii. 68

Alcman on dew, ii. 137

Aleutians, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 254

Alexander Severus, at festival of Attis, i. 273

Alexander the Great expels a king of Paphos, i. 42;

his fabulous birth, 81;

assumes costumes of deities, 165;

sacrifices to Megarsian Athena, 169 n. 3

Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, i. 224;

the Serapeum at, ii. 119 n., 217

Alexandrian calendar, used by Plutarch, ii. 84

—— year, the fixed, ii. 28, 92;

Plutarch's use of the, 49

All Saints, feast of, perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the dead, ii. 82 sq.

All Souls, feast of, ii. 51 sqq.;

originally a pagan festival of the dead, 81;

instituted by Odilo, abbot of Clugny, 82

Allatu, Babylonian goddess, i. 9

[pg 271]

Allifae in Samnium, baths of Hercules at, i. 213 n. 2

Almo, procession to the river, in the rites of Attis, i. 273.

Almond causes virgin to conceive, i. 263;

the father of all things, 263 sq.

Alyattes, king of Lydia, i. 133 n. 1

Alynomus, king of Paphos, i. 43

Amambwe, a Bantu tribe of Northern Rhodesia, its head chief reincarnated in a lion, ii. 193

Amasis, king of Egypt, his body burnt by Cambyses, i. 176 n. 2

Amathus, in Cyprus, Adonis and Melcarth at, i. 32, 117;

statue of lion-slaying god found at, 117

Amatongo, ancestral spirits (Zulu term), i. 74 n. 4, ii. 184

Ambabai, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Ambala District, Punjaub, i. 94

Amélineau, E., discovers the tomb of King Khent, ii. 21 n. 1

Amenophis IV., king of Egypt, his attempt to abolish all gods but the sun-god, ii. 123 sqq.

America, reincarnation of the dead in, i. 91;

the moon worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical, ii. 138

Amestris, wife of Xerxes, her sacrifice of children, ii. 220 sq.

Ammon, Milcom, the god of, i. 19

Ammon (the Egyptian) at Thebes, his human wives, i. 72;

of Thebes identified with the sun, ii. 123;

rage of King Amenophis IV. against the god, 124

Amoor, Gilyaks of the, i. 278 n. 2

Amorites, their law as to fornication, i. 37 sq.

Amsanctus, the valley of, i. 204 sq.

Amulets, crowns and wreaths as, ii. 242 sq.

Amyclae, in the vale of Sparta, i. 313, 314, 315

Amyclas, father of Hyacinth, i. 313

Anacreon, on Cinyras, i. 55

Anacyndaraxes, father of Sardanapalus, i. 172

Anaitis, sacred prostitution in the worship of, i. 38

Anassa, “Queen,” title of goddess, i. 35 n. 2

Anazarba or Anazarbus, in Cilicia, i. 167 n. 1

Ancestor-worship among the Khasis of Assam, ii. 203;

combined with mother-kin tends to a predominance of goddesses over gods in religion, 211 sq.

Ancestors, propitiation of deceased, i. 46;

the worship of, the main practical religion of the Bantu tribes, ii. 176 sqq.

Ancestral spirits on shoulders of medicine-men, i. 74 n. 4;

incarnate in serpents, 82 sqq.;

in the form of animals, 83;

worshipped by the Bantu tribes of Africa, ii. 174 sqq.;

prayers to, 175 sq., 178 sq., 183 sq.;

sacrifices to, 175, 178 s.q., 180, 181 sq., 183 sq., 190;

on the father's and on the mother's side, the two distinguished, 180, 181.

See also Dead

Anchiale in Cilicia, i. 144; monument of Sardanapalus at, 172

Andania in Messenia, sacred men and women at, i. 76 n. 3

Andriamasinavalona, a Hova king, vicarious sacrifice for, ii. 221

Anemone, the scarlet, sprung from the blood of Adonis, i. 226

Angel, the Destroying, over Jerusalem, i. 24

Angus, belief as to the weaning of children in, ii. 148

Anhalt, custom at sowing in, i. 239

Animals sacrificed by being hanged, i. 289 sq., 292;

and plants, edible, savage lamentations for, ii. 43 sq.;

dead kings and chiefs incarnate in, 162, 163 sq., 173, 193;

sacrificed to prolong the life of kings, 222

Anje-a, a mythical being who brings children to women, i. 103

Anklets made of human sinews worn by king of Uganda, ii. 224 sq.

Ankole, in Central Africa, the Bahima of, ii. 190

Anna, sister of Dido, i. 114 n. 1

Annam, offerings to the dead in spring in, i. 235 n. 1;

annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 62 sqq.

Annual death and resurrection of gods, i. 6

Anointing as a ceremony of consecration, i. 21 n. 2 and 3, 68, 74

—— sacred stones, custom of, i. 36

Antelopes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 163

Anthesteria, festival of the dead at Athens, i. 234 sq.

Antigonus, King, i. 212

Antimachia in Cos, priest of Hercules at, ii. 258

Antioch, destroyed by an earthquake, i. 222 n. 1;

festival of Adonis at, 227, 257 sq.

Antiochus, Greek calendar of, i. 303 n. 3

Antwerp, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Anubis, Egyptian jackal-headed god, ii. 15, 18 n. 3, 22 n. 2;

finds the body of Osiris, 85

Apameia, worship of Poseidon at, i. 195

Aphaca in Syria, sanctuary of Astarte at, i. 28, 259;

meteor as signal for festival at, 259

[pg 272]

Aphrodite, her sacred doves, i. 33, 147;

sanctuary of, at Paphos, 33 sqq.;

the month of, 145;

her blood dyes white roses red, 226;

name applied to summer, ii. 41

—— and Adonis, i. 11 sq., 29, 280;

their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, 224

—— and Cinyras, i. 48 sq.

—— and Pygmalion, i. 49 sq.

—— of the Lebanon, the mourning, i. 29 sq.

Apinagos Indians of Brazil, their dances and presentation of children to the moon, ii. 145 sqq.

Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, ii. 11, 119 n.;

mourning for the death of, i. 225;

held to be an image of the soul of Osiris, ii. 130

Apollo, the friend of Cinyras, i. 54;

music in the worship of, 54 sq.;

reputed father of Augustus, 81;

the Catalonian, 147 n. 3;

his musical contest with Marsyas, 288;

purified at Tempe, ii. 240

—— and Artemis, their priesthood at Ephesus, ii. 243 sq.

—— and Marsyas, i. 55

—— at Delphi, sacrifices of Croesus to, i. 180 n. 1;

and the Dragon at Delphi, ii. 240

—— of the Golden Sword, i. 176

—— the Four-handed, ii. 250 n. 2

Apotheosis by being burnt alive, i. 179 sq.

Appian, on the costume of a priest of Isis, ii. 85 n. 3

Apples forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280 n. 7

Apuleius, on the worship of Isis, ii. 119 n.

Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226

Arabic writer on the mourning for Tá-uz (Tammuz) in Harran, i. 230

Arabs resort to the springs of Callirrhoe in Moab, i. 215 sq.

—— of Moab, their custom at harvest, ii. 48, 96;

their remedies for ailments, 242

Aratus of Sicyon, deemed a son of Aesculapius, i. 81

Araucanian Indians of South America eat fruit of Araucanian pine, i. 278 n. 2

Araunah, the threshing-floor of, i. 24

Arcadians sacrifice to thunder and lightning, i. 157

Archigallus, high-priest of Attis, i. 268, 279;

prophesies, 271 n.

Arctic origin, alleged, of the Aryans, i. 229 n. 1

Arenna or Arinna, i. 136 n. 1;

the sun-goddess of, 136

Arensdorf, custom at sowing in, i. 239

Argaeus, Mount, in Cappadocia, i. 190 sq.

Argive brides wore false beards, ii. 260

—— women bewail Adonis, i. 227 n.

Aristomenes, Messenian hero, his fabulous birth, i. 81

Aristophanes, on the Spartan envoy, i. 196 n. 4;

on Hercules as patron of hot springs, 209

Aristotelian philosophy, revival of the, i. 301

Aristotle on the political institutions of Cyprus, i. 49 n. 7;

on earthquakes, 211 n. 3

Armengols, in the Pelew Islands, ii. 265

Armenia, sacred prostitution of girls before marriage in, i. 38, 58

Armenians, their festivals of the dead, ii. 65 sq.;

their opinion of the baleful influence of the moon on children, 148

Arrian on Attis, i. 282

Artemis at Perga, i. 35;

name given by Greeks to Asiatic Mother Goddesses, 169

—— and Apollo, their priesthood at Ephesus, ii. 243

—— of Ephesus served by eunuch priests, i. 269

—— the Hanged, i. 291

——, Laphrian, at Patrae, i. 126 n. 2

——, Perasian, at Castabala, i. 115, 167 sqq.

——, Sarpedonian, in Cilicia, i. 167, 171

—— Tauropolis, i. 275 n. 1

——, the Tauric, human sacrifices to the, i. 115

Artemision, a Greek month, ii. 239 n. 1

Arunta of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99, 100

Arval Brethren, their wreaths of corn, i. 44 n.;

a Roman college of priests, ii. 239

Aryan family, marriage customs of the, ii. 235

Aryans, their alleged Arctic origin, i. 229 n. 1;

annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67 sqq.

Aryenis, daughter of Alyattes, i. 133 n. 1

Ascalon, the goddess Derceto at, i. 34 n. 3

Ascension of Adonis, i. 225

Ashantee, human sacrifices at earthquakes in, i. 201;

kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97 n. 7

Asherim, sacred poles, i. 18, 18 n. 2, 107, 108

Ashes of human victims scattered by winnowing-fans, ii. 97, 106

Ashtoreth (Astarte), i. 18 n. 2 See Astarte

Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, i. 144;

confused with the legendary Sardanapalus, [pg 273] 173 sq.;

carries off the bones of the kings of Elam, ii. 103

Ashvin, an Indian month, i. 243

Asia Minor, priestly dynasties of, i. 140 sq.;

subject to volcanic forces, 190;

subject to earthquakes, 202

Asiatic goddesses of fertility served by eunuch priests, i. 269 sq.

Asopus, the river, i. 81

“A-souling,” custom of, in England, ii. 79

Aspalis, a form of Artemis, i. 292

Assam, the Khasis of, i. 46, ii. 202 sqq.;

the Tangkul Nagas of, ii. 57 sqq.

Assumption of the Virgin and the festival of Diana, i. 308, 309

Assyrian cavalry, i. 25 n. 3

Assyrians in Cilicia, i. 173

Astarte at Byblus, i. 13 sq.;

and the asherim, 18;

kings as priests of, 26;

at Paphos, 33 sqq.;

doves sacred to, 147;

identified with the planet Venus, 258;

of the Syrian Hierapolis served by eunuch priests, 269 sq.;

called by Lucian the Assyrian Hera, 280 n. 5;

the Heavenly Goddess, 303;

the planet Venus her star, ii. 35

—— Aphrodite, i. 304 n.

Asteria, mother of the Tyrian Hercules (Melcarth), i. 112

Astyages, king of the Medes, i. 133 n. 1

Asvattha tree, i. 82

Atargatis, Syrian goddess, i. 34 n. 3, 137;

worshipped at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 162 sq.;

derivation of the name, 162;

her husband-god, 162 sq.

Ates, a Phrygian, i. 286

Athamas, the dynasty of, i. 287

Athanasius, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 217

'Atheh, Cilician goddess, i. 162

Athena, temple of, at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145;

and hot springs, 209, 210

——, Magarsian, a Cilician goddess, i. 169 n. 3

—— Sciras, sanctuary of, ii. 238

Athenian boys, race of, at the vintage, ii. 238;

boy carrying an olive-branch in procession, 238

Athenians, their superstition as to an eclipse of the moon, ii. 141

Athens, sacred serpent at, i. 87;

the Commemoration of the Dead at, 234;

sacrifice of an ox at, 296 sq.;

marriage custom at, ii. 245

Athribis, heart of Osiris at, ii. 11

Athyr, Egyptian month, ii. 8, 41, 49 n. 1;

Osiris murdered on the seventeenth day of, 8, 84;

festival of Osiris in the month of, 84 sqq., 91

Atonga, tribe of Lake Nyassa, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199

Attica, summer festival of Adonis in, i. 226

Attis, priests of Cybele called, i. 140;

sometimes identified with Adonis, 263;

myth and ritual of, 263 sqq.;

beloved by Cybele, 263, 282;

legends of his death, 264;

his legend at Pessinus, 264;

his self-mutilation, 264 sq.;

and the pine-tree, 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 sq., 285, ii. 98 n. 5;

his eunuch priests, i. 265, 266;

festival of his death and resurrection in March, 267 sqq., 272 sq., 307 sq.;

violets sprung from the blood of, 267;

the mourning for, 272;

bath of bull's blood in the rites of, 274 sqq.;

mysteries of, 274 sq.;

as a god of vegetation, 277 sqq., 279;

as the Father God, 281 sqq.;

identified with Zeus, 282;

as a sky-god, 282 sqq.;

emasculation of, suggested explanation of myth, 283;

his star-spangled cap, 284;

identified with Phrygian moon-god Men Tyrannus, 284;

human representatives of, 285 sqq.;

title borne by priests of Cybele, 285, 287

——, Adonis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

Atys, son of Croesus, his death, i. 286;

early king of Lydia, 286

Aubrey, John, on soul-cakes, ii. 78

Augustine on the effeminate priests of the Great Mother, i. 298;

on the heathen origin of Christmas, 305;

on the discovery of corn by Isis, ii. 116;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

Augustodunum (Autun), worship of Cybele at, i. 279

Augustus reputed a son of Apollo, i. 81

Aulus Gellius on the influence of the moon, ii. 132

Aun, or On, King of Sweden, sacrifices his sons to Odin, ii. 220

Aunis, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69 sq.

Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, i. 38

Aurohuacas, Indians of Colombia, i. 23 n. 2

Aust, E., on the marriage of the Roman gods, ii. 236 n. 1

Australia, belief as to the reincarnation of the dead in, i. 99 sqq.

Australian aborigines, their preparation for marriage, i. 60;

their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, 99 sqq.;

their cuttings for the dead, 268

Austria, leaping over Midsummer fires in, i. 251

“Awakening of Hercules,” festival at Tyre, i. 111

[pg 274]

Awemba, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, ii. 174;

their worship of ancestral spirits, 175;

their prayers to dead kings before going to war, 191 sq.

Axe, emblem of Hittite god of thundering sky, i. 134;

as divine emblem, 163;

symbol of Asiatic thunder-god, 183

——, double-headed, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;

carried by Lydian kings, 182;

a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;

figured on coins, 183 n.

Ba-bwende, a tribe of the Congo, i. 271 n.

Ba-sundi, a tribe of the Congo, i. 271 n.

Baal, Semitic god, i. 15, 16;

royal names compounded with, 16;

as the god of fertility, 26 sq.;

conceived as god who fertilizes land by subterranean water, 159

—— and Sandan at Tarsus, i. 142 sq., 161

—— of the Lebanon, i. 32

—— of Tarsus, i. 117 sqq., 162 sq.

Baalath or Astarte, i. 26, 34

—— and Baal, i. 27

—— Gebal, i. 14

Baalbec, i. 28;

sacred prostitution at, 37;

image of Hadad at, 163

Baalim, firstlings and first-fruits offered to the, i. 27;

called lovers, 75 n.

Babylon, early kings of, worshipped as gods, i. 15;

worship of Mylitta at, 36;

religious prostitution at, 58;

human wives of Marduk at, 71;

sanctuary of Serapis at, ii. 119 n.

Babylonia, worship of Tammuz in, i. 6 sqq.;

the moon-god took precedence of the sun-god in ancient, ii. 138 sq.

Babylonian hymns to Tammuz, i. 9

Bacchanals tear Pentheus in pieces, ii. 98

Bacchic orgies suppressed by Roman government, i. 301 n. 2

Bacchylides as to Croesus on the pyre, i. 175 sq.

Backbone of Osiris represented by the ded pillar, ii. 108 sq.

Baden, feast of All Souls in, ii. 74

Baethgen, F., on goddess 'Hatheh, i. 162 n. 2

Baganda, their worship of the python, i. 86;

rebirth of the dead among the, 92 sq.;

their theory of earthquakes, 199;

their presentation of infants to the new moon, ii. 144, 145;

ceremony observed by the king at new moon, 147;

their worship of dead kings, 167 sqq.;

their veneration for the ghosts of dead relations, 191 n. 1;

their pantheon, 196;

human sacrifices offered to prolong the life of their kings, 223 sqq.

Bagishu (Bageshu) of Mount Elgon, reincarnation of the dead among the, i. 92

Bagobos of the Philippine Islands, their theory of earthquakes, i. 200;

of Mindanao, their custom of hanging and spearing human victims, 290 sq.

Baharutsis, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179

Bahima, their belief as to dead kings and chiefs, i. 83 n. 1

—— of Ankole in Central Africa, their worship of the dead, ii. 190 sq.;

their belief in a supreme god Lugaba, 190

—— of Kiziba, ii. 173

Baigas, Dravidian tribe of India, their objection to agriculture, i. 89

Bailly, French astronomer, on the Arctic origin of the rites of Adonis, i. 229

Bairu, the, of Kiziba, ii. 173

Baku, on the Caspian, perpetual fires at, i. 192

Balinese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198

Baloi, witches and wizards, ii. 104

Banana, women impregnated by the flower of the, i. 93

Bangalas of the Congo, rebirth of dead among the, i. 92. See also Boloki

Bantu tribes, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82 sqq.;

their worship of ancestral spirits, ii. 174 sqq.;

their main practical religion a worship of ancestors, 176 sqq.;

their worship of the dead, 176 sqq., 191 sqq.

Banyoro, their worship of serpents, i. 86 n. 1

Baptism of bull's blood in the rites of Cybele, i. 274 sqq.

Bar-rekub, king of Samal, i. 15 sq.

Baralongs, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179

Barea and Kunama, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66

Barley forced for festival, i. 240, 241, 242, 244, 251 sq.

—— and wheat discovered by Isis, ii. 116

Barotse, a Bantu tribe of the Zambesi, their belief in a supreme god Niambe, ii. 193;

their worship of dead kings, 194 sq.

Barren women resort to graves in order to get children, i. 90;

entice souls of dead children to them, 94

Barrenness of women cured by passing through holed stone, i. 36, with n. 4;

removed by serpent, 86;

children murdered as a remedy for, 95

Barrows of Halfdan, ii. 100

[pg 275]

Barsom, bundle of twigs used by Parsee priests, i. 191 n. 2

Barth, H., on sculptures at BoghazKeui, i. 133 n. 1

Basil, pots of, on St. John's Day in Sicily, i. 245

Basuto chiefs buried secretly, ii. 104

Basutos, worship of the dead among the, ii. 179 sq.

Bataks of Sumatra, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199 sq.

Batara-guru, the Batak creator, i. 199 sq.

Bath in river at the rites of Cybele, i. 273, 274 n.;

of bull's blood in the rites of Attis, 274 sqq.;

of image of Cybele perhaps a rain-charm, 280

—— of Aphrodite, i. 280

—— of Demeter, i. 280

—— of Hera in the river Burrha, i. 280;

in the spring of Canathus, 280

Bathing on St. John's Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), i. 246 sqq.;

pagan origin of the custom, 249

Baths of Hercules, i. 212

—— of Solomon in Moab, i. 215

Batoo Bedano, an earthquake god, i. 202

Battle, purificatory ceremonies after a, ii. 251 sq.

—— of the gods and giants, i. 157

Baudissin, W. W. Graf von, on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 n. 1;

on Adonis as the personification of the spring vegetation, 228 n. 6;

on summer festival of Adonis, 232 n.

Bavaria, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244

Bawenda, the, of South Africa, the positions of their villages hidden, ii. 251

Bearded Venus, in Cyprus, i. 165, ii. 259 n. 3

Beaufort, F., on perpetual flame in Lycia, i. 222 n.

Bechuana ritual at founding a new town, ii. 249

Bechuanas, their sacrifice of a blind bull on various occasions, ii. 249, 250 sq.

Bede, on the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Beech, M. W. H., on serpent-worship, i. 85

Beena marriage in Ceylon, ii. 215

Begbie, General, i. 62 n.

Bel or Marduk at Babylon, i. 71

Belgium, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Bellerophon and Pegasus, i. 302 n. 4

Bellona and Mars, ii. 231

Ben-hadad, king of Damascus, i. 15

Bendall, Professor C., i. 229 n. 1

Benefit of clergy, i. 68

Bengal, the Oraons and Mundas of, i. 46, 240

Benin, human victims crucified at, i. 294 n. 3

Bent, J. Theodore, discovers ruins of Olba, i. 151;

identifies site of Hieropolis-Castabala, 168 n. 1

Berecynthia, title of Cybele, i. 279 n. 4

Berenice and Ptolemy, annual festival in their honour, ii. 35 n. 1

Bes, Egyptian god, i. 118 n. 1

Bethlehem, worship of Adonis at, i. 257 sqq.;

fertility of the neighbourhood, 257 n. 3;

the Star of, 259

Betsileo of Madagascar, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 83

Bghais, a Karen tribe of Burma, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 60 sq.

Bhâdon, Indian month, i. 243

Bharbhunjas, of the Central Provinces, India, marriage custom of the, ii. 262

Bharias, of the Central Provinces, India, exchange of costume between men and women at marriage among the, ii. 260 sq.

Bhujariya, festival in the Central Provinces of India, i. 242

Bilaspore, infant burial in, i. 94 sq.;

annual festival of the dead in, ii. 60

Bion on the scarlet anemone, i. 226 n. 1

Bird, soul of a tree in a, ii. 111 n. 1

—— called “the soul of Osiris,” ii. 110

Birds burnt in honour of Artemis, i. 126 n. 2;

white, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

Birks, Rev. E. B., on harvest custom at Orwell, i. 237 n. 4

Birth, new, through blood in rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 sq.

Birthday of the Sun, the twenty-fifth of December, i. 303 sqq.

Bisa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, ii. 193

Bishnois of the Punjaub, infant burial among the, i. 94

Bithynians invoke Attis, i. 282

Black-snake clan, i. 100

Blay, men's clubhouse in the Pelew Islands, ii. 265

Blekinge, province of Sweden, Midsummer custom in, i. 251

Blind bull sacrificed at the foundation of a town, ii. 249;

sacrificed before an army going to war, 250

Blood, bath of bull's, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sqq.;

remission of sins through the shedding of, 299;

used in expiation for homicide, 299 n. 2;

of pig used in exorcism and purification, 299 n. 2;

not to be shed in certain sacrifices, ii. 222 n. 2

[pg 276]

Blood, the Day of, in the festival of Attis, i. 268, 285

Blowing of Trumpets in the festival of Attis, i. 268

Blue Spring, the, at Syracuse, i. 213 n. 1

Boar, Attis killed by a, i. 264

Bocage of Normandy, rule as to the clipping of wool in the, ii. 134 n. 3

Bodies of the dead, magical uses made of the, ii. 100 sqq.;

guarded against mutilation, 103;

thought to be endowed with magical powers, 103, 104 sq.

Bodroum in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 167

Boghaz-Keui, Hittite capital, excavations of H. Winckler at, i. 125 n.;

situation and remains, 128 sqq.;

the gods of, 128 sqq.;

rock-hewn sculptures at, 129 sqq.

Bohemia, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;

feast of All Souls in, ii. 72 sq.

Bolivia, the Chiriguanos Indians of, ii. 143 n. 4, 145

Boloki, or Bangala, of the Upper Congo, their ceremonies at the new moon, ii. 143;

attempt to deceive spirit of disease among the, 262

Bones of the dead used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 22;

of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, ii. 103 sq.

——, fossil, source of myths about giants, i. 157 sq.

Bonfire on St. John's Eve, dances round it, i. 245

Book of the Dead, ii. 13

Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 n. 1

Borneo, custom of head-hunting in, i. 294 sqq.;

effeminate sorcerers in, ii. 253, 256

Bosanquet, Professor R. C., on the Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 n. 2

Bosman, W., on serpent-worship, i. 67

Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, i. 66 n. 3, 69

Boys of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 sqq.;

dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, 260;

marriage customs to ensure the birth of, 262

Brahman marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, ii. 260

Brazil, the Apinagos Indians of, ii. 145 sqq.

Brazilian Indians, their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on children, ii. 148

Bread, fast from, in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, ii. 121 n. 3;

on Amenophis IV., 123 n. 1;

on the Sed festival, 156 n. 1

Breath not to defile sacred flame, i. 191

Brethren of the Ploughed Fields (Fratres Arvales), a Roman college of priests, ii. 239.

See also Arval Brethren

“Bride” of the Nile, ii. 38

—— and Bridegroom at Midsummer in Sweden, i. 251

Bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

British Columbia, the Indians of, respect the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Brittany, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69;

belief as to warts and the moon in, 149

Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, i. 220 sq.

Brother of a god, i. 51;

dead elder, worshipped, ii. 175

Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, i. 44;

in ancient Egypt, ii. 214 sqq.;

their intention to keep the property in the family, 215 sq.

Brown, A. R., on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the causes of childbirth, i. 104 sqq.

Brown, Dr. George, on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, i. 84

Bruges, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, ii. 26 n. 1;

on the Sothic period, 37 n.;

on the grave of Osiris at Philae, 111;

on Isis as a personified corn-field, 117

Buddha and Buddhism, ii. 159

Buddhism, spiritual declension of, i. 310 sq.

Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, on goddess Net, i. 282 n.;

on an Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15 n. 2;

on Isis, 115 sq.;

on the nature of Osiris, 126 n. 2;

on the solar theory of Osiris, 131 n. 3;

on the historical reality of Osiris, 160 n. 1;

on Khenti-Amenti, 198 n. 2

Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 104 sq.

Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 253 sq.

Bulgaria, marriage customs in, ii. 246

Bull as emblem of generative force, i. 123;

worshipped by the Hittites, 123, 132;

emblem of Hittite thunder-god, 134 sqq.;

Hittite god standing on a, 135;

as emblem of a thunder-god, 136;

as symbol of thunder and fertility, 163 sq.;

the emblem of the Father God, 164;

worshipped at Euyuk, 164;

testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276;

sacrificed at Egyptian funeral, ii. 15;

white, [pg 277] soul of dead king incarnate in a, 164;

sacrificed to prolong the life of a king, 222;

sacrificed to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, 238;

blinded and sacrificed at the foundation of a town, 249

Bull's blood, bath of, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.

—— hide cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, ii. 249;

bride seated on a, 246

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, ii. 15 n. 2

Bulls, husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, i. 163

—— sacrificed at caves of Pluto, i. 206;

sacrificed to Persephone, 213 n. 1;

sacrificed to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Burial at cross-roads, i. 93 n. 1

—— of infants to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 sqq.;

at Gezer, 108 sq.;

of Osiris in his rites, ii. 88

Burma, the Bghais of, ii. 60

Burmese, their conduct during an earthquake, i. 201

Burne, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson on “Souling Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78 sq.

Burning of Melcarth, i. 110 sqq.;

of Sandan, 117 sqq.;

of Cilician gods, 170 sq.;

of Sardanapalus, 172 sqq.;

of Croesus, 174 sqq.;

of a god, 188 sq.

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, i. 177 sq.;

for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, i. 230 sq.

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, i. 179 sq.

—— Land of Lydia, i. 193 sq.

Burrha, river, Hera's bath in the, i. 280

Buru, East Indian island, use of oil as a charm in, i. 21 n. 2

Busiris, backbone of Osiris at, ii. 11;

specially associated with Osiris, 18;

the ritual of, 86;

rites of Osiris at, 87 sq.;

festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;

temple of Usirniri at, 151

Busiro, the district containing the graves and temples of the kings of Uganda, ii. 168, 169, 224

Bustard totem, i. 104

Buto, city in Egypt, ii. 10

Butterflies, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 164

Byblus, Adonis at, i. 13 sqq.;

the kings of, 14 sqq.;

mourning for Adonis at, 38;

religious prostitution at, 58;

inspired prophets at, 75 sq.;

festival of Adonis at, 225;

Osiris and Isis at, ii. 9;

the queen of, 9;

Osiris associated with, 22 sq., 127;

its relation to Egypt, 127 n. 1

Byrsa, origin of the name, ii. 250

Cadmus turned into a snake, i. 86 sq.;

perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes, ii. 241

——, Mount, i. 207

Cadys, a Lydian, i. 183

Caeculus, son of the fire-god Vulcan, ii. 235

Caesar introduces the Julian calendar, ii. 37;

as to German observation of the moon, 141

Caffre purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 sq.

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, ii. 38, 39 sq.

Calabar district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, ii. 104

Calabria, Easter custom in, i. 254

Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, i. 203 n. 2

Calendar, the natural, ii. 25

——, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, ii. 84

——, the Coptic, ii. 6 n. 3

——, the Egyptian, ii. 24 sqq.;

date of its introduction, 36 n. 2

—— of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 30 sqq.

—— of Esne, ii. 49 sq.

—— of the Indians of Yucatan, ii. 28 n.

——, the Julian, ii. 93 n. 1

—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28 n. 3

—— of Philocalus, i. 303 n. 2, 304 n. 3, ii. 95 n. 1

Calendars, the Roman Rustic, ii. 95 n. 1

California, the Karok Indians of, ii. 47;

the Indians of, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 sq.

Californian Indians eat pine nuts, i. 278 n. 2;

their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,” ii. 111 n. 1

Callaway, Rev. Henry, on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, ii. 184 sq.

Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, i. 214 sqq.

Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232 sq.

Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, i. 167 n. 2

Camasene and Janus, ii. 235 n. 6

Cambodia, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 61 sq.

Cambridge, personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, preserved at, ii. 197

Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, i. 176 n. 2

Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, i. 299 n. 2

[pg 278]

Camul, custom as to hospitality in, i. 39 n. 3

Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, i. 17

Canathus, Hera's annual bath in the spring of, i. 280

Candaules, king of Lydia, i. 182, 183

Canicular year, a Sothic period, ii. 36 n. 2

Canopic decree, ii. 34 n. 1, 37 n., 88 n. 2

Canopus, the decree of, ii. 27

Capaneus and Evadne, i. 177 n. 3

Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, i. 102

Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, i. 290 n. 2

Capitol at Rome, ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, ii. 244

Cappadocia, volcanic region of, i. 189 sqq.;

fire-worship in, 191 sq.

Car Nicobar, exorcism in, i. 299 n. 2

Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, i. 123, 137 n. 2, 138 n.

Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls' Day in, ii. 80

Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, i. 182;

poisonous vapours in, 205 sq.

Carians, their mourning for Osiris, ii. 86 n. 1

Caribs worshipped the moon in preference to the sun, ii. 138

Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, i. 229 n. 1

Carna and Janus, ii. 235 n. 6

Carnae, temples at, ii. 124;

the sculptures at, 154

Carnival at Rome in the rites of Attis, i. 273

—— custom in Thracian villages, ii. 99 sq.

Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Carthage, legend and worship of Dido at, i. 113 sq.;

Hamilcar worshipped at, 116;

the suffetes of, 116 n. 1;

rites of Cybele at, 274 n.;

the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, 298;

legend as to the foundation of, ii. 250

Casalis, E., on serpent-worship, i. 84;

on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, ii. 179 sq.

Castabala in Cappadocia, i. 168

—— in Cilicia, worship of Perasian Artemis at, i. 115, 167 sqq.

Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, ii. 146 sq.

Castiglione a Casauria, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Castor's tune, i. 196 n. 3

Castration of Cronus and Uranus, i. 283;

of sky-god, suggested explanation of, 283;

of priests, suggested explanation of, 283 sq.

Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, i. 179

Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, i. 194;

gardens of Adonis at, 245

Catholic Church, the ritual of the, i. 54;

ceremonies on Good Friday in the, 254, 255 sq.

Cato, i. 43

Catullus on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, i. 270

Caucasus, the Albanians of the, i. 73;

the Chewsurs of the, ii. 65

Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, i. 181

Caverns of Demeter, i. 88

Caves, limestone, i. 152;

in Semitic religion, 169 n. 3

Cecrops, father of Agraulus, i. 145

Cedar forests of Cilicia, i. 149, 150 n. 1

—— sprung from the body of Osiris, ii. 110

—— -tree god, Osiris interpreted as a, ii. 109 n. 1

Celaenae, skin of Marsyas shown at, i. 288

Celebes, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

——, Central, the Toradjas of, ii. 33

——, Southern, marriage custom in, ii. 260

Celenderis in Cilicia, i. 41

Celtic year reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81

Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, ii. 34 n. 1

Central Provinces of India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242 sq.

Ceos, the rising of Sirius observed in, ii. 35 n. 1;

rule as to the pollution of death in, 227

Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, ii. 30

Ceremonies, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 sqq.

Ceres married to Orcus, ii. 231

Ceylon, beena marriage in, ii. 215

Chadwick, Professor H. M., ii. 81 n. 3;

on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, 100 n. 2;

on a priest dressed as a woman, 259 n. 2

Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed Alexandrian year, ii. 92 sqq.

Chants, plaintive, of corn-reapers in antiquity, ii. 45 sq.

Charlemagne compared to Osiris, ii. 199

Charm, to protect a town, ii. 249 sqq.

Charon, places of, i. 204, 205

Charonia, places of Charon, i. 204

Chastity, ceremonial, i. 43;

ordeal of, 115 n. 2

[pg 279]

Chent-Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Chephren, King of Egypt, his statue, ii. 21 sq.

Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the corn, ii. 46 sq.;

their lamentations after “the first working of the corn,” 47

Cheshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 65

Cheyne, T. K., on lament for kings of Judah, i. 20 n. 2

Chief, ancestral, reincarnate in snakes, i. 84

Chiefs in the Pelew Islands, custom of slaying, ii. 266 sqq.

——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 sq., 187;

thought to control the rain, 188;

human sacrifices to, 191;

spirits of, prophesy through living men and women, 192 sq.

“Child-stones,” where souls of dead await rebirth, i. 100

Childbirth, primitive ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 sq.

Childless women expect offspring from St. George, i. 78;

resort to Baths of Solomon, 78;

receive offspring from serpent, 86;

resort to graves in order to secure offspring, 96;

resort to hot springs in Syria, 213 sqq.

Children bestowed by saints, i. 78 sq.;

given by serpent, 86;

murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, 95;

sacrificed to volcano in Siao, 219;

sacrificed at irrigation channels, ii. 38;

sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;

presented to the moon, 144 sqq.

—— of God, i. 68

—— of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 sqq.;

apparently thought to be endowed with more vitality than others, 247 sq.

Chili, earthquakes in, i. 202

Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, i. 221

China, funeral of emperor of, i. 294

Chinese author on disturbance of earth-spirits by agriculture, i. 89

—— character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, ii. 218

Chios, men sacrificed to Dionysus in, ii. 98 sq.

Chiriguanos Indians of Bolivia, their address to the sun, ii. 143 n. 4

Chiriqui, volcano, i. 181

Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, i. 31

Chnum of Elephantine identified with the sun, ii. 123

Choctaws, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 53 sq.

Christ crucified on March 25th, tradition, i. 306

Christian, F. W., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 265 sq.

Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, i. 308

Christianity and paganism, their resemblances explained as diabolical counterfeits, i. 302, 309 sq.

Christians and pagans, their controversy as to Easter, i. 309 sq.

Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, i. 302 sqq.;

the heathen origin of, 305

Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV., ii. 124

Chukchees of North-Eastern Asia, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 256 sq.

Cicero at Cybistra, i. 122 n. 3;

corresponds with Cilician king, 145 n. 2

Cilicia, male deity of, assimilated to Zeus, i. 118 sq.;

kings of, their affinity to Sandan, 144;

the Assyrians in, 173

——, Western or Rugged, described, i. 148 sqq.;

fossils of, 152 sq.

Cilician deity assimilated to Zeus, i. 144 sqq., 148, 152

—— Gates, pass of the, i. 120

—— goddesses, i. 161 sqq.

—— gods, the burning of, i. 170 sq.

—— pirates, i. 149 sq.

—— priests, names of, i. 144

Cincius Alimentus, L., on Maia as the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232

Cinyrads, dynasty of the, i. 41 sqq.

Cinyras, the father of Adonis, i. 13, 14, 49;

king of Byblus, 27;

founds sanctuary of Astarte, 28;

said to have instituted religious prostitution, 41, 50;

his daughters, 41, 50;

his riches, 42;

his incest, 43;

wooed by Aphrodite, 48 sq.;

meaning of the name, 52;

the friend of Apollo, 54;

legends of his death, 55

Ciotat in Provence, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248

Circumcision, exchange of dress between men and women at, ii. 263

Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, i. 31, 50

Civilization, ancient, undermined by Oriental religions and other causes, i. 299 sqq.

Claudianus, Lucius Minius, i. 164

Claudius, the Emperor, and the rites of Attis, i. 266

Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, i. 266 n. 2

Clavigero, on the Mexican calendar, ii. 28 n.

[pg 280]

Cleomenes, King of Sparta, and serpents, i. 87

Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, i. 113

Climatic and geographical conditions, their effect on national character, ii. 217

Clymenus, king of Arcadia, his incest, i. 44 n. 1

Cnossus in Crete, prehistoric palace at, i. 34

Cochinchina, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Cock as emblem of a priest of Attis, i. 279

Codrington, Dr. R. H., on mother-kin in Melanesia, ii. 211

Coimbatore, dancing-girls at, i. 62

Coincidence between the Christian and the heathen festivals of the divine death and resurrection, i. 308 sq.

Cologne, Petrarch at, on St. John's Eve, i. 247 sq.

Colombia, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136

Comana, in Cappadocia, i. 136 n. 1

—— in Pontus, worship of goddess Ma at, i. 39;

swine not allowed to enter, 265 n. 1

——, the two cities, i. 168 n. 6

Commemoration of the Dead at Athens, i. 234

Commodus, conspiracy against, i. 273;

addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118

Communal rights over women, i. 40, 61 n.

Compromise of Christianity with paganism, parallel with Buddhism, i. 310 sqq.

Conception, supposed, without sexual intercourse, i. 91, 93 n. 2, 264;

in women supposed to be caused by food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105.

See also Impregnation

Conceptional animals and plants as causes of pregnancy in women, i. 97 sq., 104 sq.

Concubines, human, of the god Ammon, i. 72

Conder, C. R., on “holy men” in Syria, i. 77 n. 4;

on turning money at the new moon, ii. 149 n. 2

Condylea in Arcadia, sacred grove of Artemis at, i. 291

Cone, image of Astarte, i. 14

Cones as emblems of a goddess, i. 34 sqq.;

votive, found in Babylonia, 35 n. 5

Confession of the dead, the Egyptian, ii. 13 sq.

Confucianism, ii. 160

Congo, burial of infants on the, i. 91;

priest dressed as a woman on the, ii. 254 sq.

Conibos Indians of the Ucayali River, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198

Conical stone as divine emblem, i. 165, 166

Constantine destroys temple of Astarte, i. 28;

suppresses sacred prostitution, 37;

removes standard cubit from the Serapeum, ii. 216 sq.

Consus and Ops, ii. 233 n. 6

Contest for the throne of Egypt, traditions of a, ii. 17 sq.

Cook, A. B., i. 49 n. 6;

on name of priest of Corycian Zeus, 155 n. 1;

on the death of Romulus, ii. 98 n. 2;

on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 241 n. 3;

on traces of mother-kin in the myth and ritual of Hercules, 259 n. 4

Coomassie, in Ashantee, i. 201

Copenhagen, bathing on St. John's Eve at, i. 248

Coptic calendar, ii. 6 n. 3

Corea, dance of eunuchs in, i. 270 n. 2

Coreans, their ceremony on the fifteenth day of the moon, ii. 143

Corn sprouting from the dead body of Osiris, ii. 89;

water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.

—— and grapes, symbols of the god of Tarsus, i. 119, 143;

of the god of Ibreez, 121;

figured with double-headed axe on Lydian coin, 183

—— and vine, emblems of the gods of Tarsus and Ibreez, i. 160 sq.

—— -god, Adonis as a, i. 230 sqq.;

Attis as a, 279;

mourned at midsummer, ii. 34;

Osiris as a, 89 sqq., 96 sqq.

—— -reaping in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece, date of the, i. 231 n. 3

—— -sieve, severed limbs of Osiris placed on a, ii. 97

—— -spirit, Tammuz or Adonis as a, i. 230 sqq.;

propitiation of the, perhaps fused with a worship of the dead, 233 sqq.;

represented as a dead old man, ii. 48, 96;

represented by human victims, 97, 106 sq.

—— -stuffed effigies of Osiris buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, ii. 90 sq., 114

—— -wreaths as first-fruits, i. 43;

worn by Arval Brethren, i. 44 n.

Coronation, human sacrifices to prolong a king's life at his, ii. 223

Corycian cave, priests of Zeus at the, i. 145;

the god of the, 152 sqq.;

described, 153 sq.;

saffron at the, 187;

name perhaps derived from crocus, 187

Corycus in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 153

Cos, traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259;

[pg 281]

Sacred Marriage in, 259 n. 4;

bridegroom dressed as woman in, 260

Cosenza in Calabria, Easter custom at, i. 254

Cotys, king of Lydia, i. 187

Cow, image of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 50, 84;

Isis represented with the head of a, 50;

thought to be impregnated by moonshine, 130 sq.

—— goddess Shenty, ii. 88

Cows sacred to Isis, ii. 50

Creation of the world thought to be annually repeated, i. 284

Crescent-shaped chest in the rites of Osiris, ii. 85, 130

Crests of the Cilician pirates, i. 149

Crete, sacred trees and pillars in, i. 107 n. 2

Crimea, the Taurians of the, i. 294

Crocodile-shaped hero, i. 139 n. 1

Croesus, king of Lydia, captures Pteria, i. 128;

the burning of, 174 sqq., 179;

his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, 180 n. 1;

dedicates golden lion at Delphi, 184;

his son Atys, 286

Cronion, a Greek month, ii. 238.

Cronus, identified with Phoenician El, i. 166;

castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, 283;

name applied to winter, ii. 41

Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems of Osiris, ii. 108, 153, compare 20

Crooke, W., on sacred dancing-girls, i. 65 n. 1;

on Mohammedan saints, 78 n. 2;

on infant burial, 93 sq.;

on the custom of the False Bride, ii. 262 n. 2

Crops dependent on serpent-god, i. 67;

human victims sacrificed for the, 290 sq.

Cross-roads, burial at, i. 93 n. 1

Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, i. 143

Crowns as amulets, ii. 242 sq.;

laid aside in mourning, etc., 243 n. 2

—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, ii. 21 n. 1

Crucifixion of Christ, tradition as to the date of, i. 306

—— of human victims at Benin, i. 294 n. 3;

gentile, at the spring equinox, 307 n.

Crux ansata, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 89

Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, ii. 217

Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), ii. 206 sq.

Cumont, Professor Franz, on the taurobolium, i. 275 n. 1;

on the Nativity of the Sun, 303 n. 3;

as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, 310 n. 1

Customs of the Pelew Islanders, ii. 253 sqq., 266 sqq.

Cuthar, father of Adonis, i. 13 n. 2

Cuttings for the dead, i. 268

Cyaxares, king of the Medes, i. 133 n., 174

Cybele, the image of, i. 35 n. 3;

her cymbals and tambourines, 54;

her lions and turreted crown, 137;

priests of, called Attis, 140;

the Mother of the Gods, 263;

her love for Attis, 263, 282;

her worship adopted by the Romans, 265;

sacrifice of virility to image of, 268;

subterranean chambers of, 268;

orgiastic rites of, 278;

a goddess of fertility, 279;

worshipped in Gaul, 279;

fasts observed by the worshippers of, 280;

a friend of Marsyas, 288;

effeminate priests of, ii. 257, 258

Cybistra in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122, 124

Cymbal, drinking out of a, i. 274

Cymbals in religious music, i. 52, 54

—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, i. 54

Cynopolis, the cemetery of, ii. 90

Cypriote syllabary, i. 49 n. 7

Cyprus, Phoenicians in, i. 31 sq.;

Adonis in, 31 sqq.;

sacred prostitution in, 36, 50, 59;

Melcarth worshipped in, 117;

human sacrifices in, 145 sq.;

the bearded Venus in, ii. 259 n. 3

Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, i. 224 n. 2

Cyrus and Croesus, i. 174 sqq.

Cyzicus, worship of the Placianian Mother at, i. 274 n.

Dacia, hot springs in, i. 213

Dacotas, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130

Dad pillar. See Ded pillar

Dahomans, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66

Dahomey, kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97 n. 7.

Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, his custom as to the pollution of death, ii. 228;

bound to live apart from his wife, 229

Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, ii. 213 n. 1

Damascus, Aramean kings of, i. 15

Damasen, a giant, i. 186

Damatrius, a Greek month, ii. 49 n. 1

Dams in Egypt, the cutting of the, ii. 31 sq., 37 sq., 39 sq.

Dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 n. 2;

on the Congo, 271 n.;

of hermaphrodites in Pegu, 271 n.;

sacred, at the Sed festival, ii. 154;

of king before the ghosts of his ancestor, 192

[pg 282]

Dances, religious, i. 61, 65, 68;

at festivals of the dead, ii. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59;

at the new moon, 142

Dancing-girls in India, harlots and wives of the gods, i. 61 sqq.

Dañh-gbi, python-god, i. 66

Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis, ii. 67 n. 2;

his theory as to the date of the Gathas, ii. 84 n.

Dâsî, dancing-girl, i. 63

Dastarkon in Cappadocia, i. 147 n. 3

Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280

Daughter of a god, i. 51

David, King, in relation to the old kings of Jerusalem, i. 18 sq.;

his conquest of Ammon, 19;

his taking of a census, 24;

as a harper, 52, 53, 54

—— and Goliath, i. 19 n. 2

—— and Saul, i. 21

Davis, Mr. R. F., on harvest custom in Nottinghamshire, i. 238 n.

Day of Blood in rites of Attis, i. 268, 285

De Plano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, ii. 239

Dead, Festival of the, in Java, i. 220;

worship of the, perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit, 233 sqq.;

cuttings for the, 268;

Osiris king and judge of the, ii. 13 sq.;

the Egyptian, identified with Osiris, 16;

annual festivals of the, 51 sqq.;

the spirits of the, personated by living men, 52, 53, 58;

magical uses made of their bodies, 100 sqq.;

worship of the, among the Bantu tribes of Africa, 176 sqq.

See also Ancestral spirits

——, reincarnation of the, i. 82 sqq.;

in America, 91;

in Africa, 91 sq.

—— kings and chiefs worshipped in Africa, ii. 160 sqq.;

sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 sq.;

incarnate in animals, 162, 163 sq., 173;

consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;

human sacrifices to, 173;

worshipped by the Barotse, 194 sq.

—— men believed to beget children, i. 91, 264

—— Sea, i. 23

Death in the fire as an apotheosis, i. 179 sq.;

the pollution of, ii. 227 sqq.

—— and resurrection, annual, of gods, i. 6;

of Adonis represented in his rites, 224 sq.;

coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine, 308;

of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85 sq.;

of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126 sqq.

December, the twenty-fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice, and the birthday of the Sun, i. 303 sqq.

Decline of the civic virtues under the influence of Oriental religions, i. 300 sq.

Ded or tet pillar, the backbone of Osiris, ii. 108 sq.

Dedicated men and women in Africa, i. 65 sqq.

Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, i. 61 sqq.;

of children to gods, 79

Dee, river, holed stone in the, i. 36 n. 4

Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, i. 24 n. 2

Delos, sacred embassy to, ii. 244

Delphi, Apollo and the Dragon at, ii. 240

Delphinium Ajacis, i. 314 n. 1

Demeter, her sacred caverns, i. 88;

sacred vaults of, 278;

sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, ii. 41;

the month of, 41;

mysteries of, at Eleusis, 90;

at the well, 111 n. 6;

identified with Isis, 117

—— and ears of corn, i. 166

—— and Poseidon, i. 280

—— and the king's son at Eleusis, i. 180

Denderah, inscriptions at, ii. 11, 86 sqq., 89, 91, 130 n.;

the hall of Osiris at, 110

Derceto, goddess at Ascalon, i. 34 n. 3

Dervishes revered in Syria, i. 77 n. 4;

of Asia Minor, 170

Deucalion at Hierapolis, i. 162 n. 2

Deuteronomic redactor, i. 26 n. 1

Deuteronomy, publication of, i. 18 n. 3

Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as to sowing in, ii. 133 n. 3

Dêvadâsî, dancing-girl, i. 63 sq.

Dêvaratiâl, dancing-girl, i. 63

Dew, bathing in the, on Midsummer Eve or Day, i. 246 sq., 248;

a daughter of Zeus and the moon, ii. 137

Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as, i. 302, 309 sq.

Diana, a Mother Goddess, i. 45;

her sanctuary at Nemi, 45

Dianus and Diana, i. 27, 45

Dido flees from Tyre, i. 50;

her traditional death in the fire, 114;

worshipped at Carthage, 114;

meaning of the name, 114 n. 1;

an Avatar of Astarte, 177;

how she procured the site of Carthage, ii. 250

Dinant, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Dinkard, a Pahlavi work, ii. 68 n. 2

Dinkas, their belief in serpents as reincarnations [pg 283] of the dead, i. 82 sq.;

pour milk on graves, 87

Dio Chrysostom, on the people of Tarsus, i. 118;

on pyre at Tarsus, 126 n. 1

Diodorus Siculus, on worship of Poseidon in Peloponnese, i. 203;

on the burial of Osiris, ii. 10 sq.;

on the rise of the Nile, 31 n. 1;

on the date of harvest in Egypt, 32 n. 2;

on Osiris as a sun-god, 120;

on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214

Diomede, human sacrifices to, i. 145

Dionysus in form of bull, i. 123;

with vine and ploughman on a coin, 166;

ancient interpretation of, 194, 213;

death, resurrection, and ascension of, 302 n. 4;

torn in pieces, ii. 98;

human sacrifices to, in Chios, 98 sq.;

his coarse symbolism, 113;

identified with Osiris, 113;

race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, 238;

men dressed as women in the rites of, 258;

the effeminate, 259

Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, ii. 110

Diphilus, king of Cyprus, i. 146

Disc, winged, as divine emblem, i. 132

Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, i. 30, 225

Discovery of the body of Osiris, ii. 85 sq.

Disease of language the supposed source of myths, ii. 42

Disguises to avert the evil eye, ii. 262;

to deceive dangerous spirits, 262 sq., 263 sq.

Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested explanations of the, ii. 97;

of Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, 100, 102;

of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, 101;

of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the country, 101 sq.;

of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, 188

Ditino, deified dead kings, ii. 194

Divination at Midsummer, i. 252 sq.

Divining bones, ii. 180, 181

Divinities of the volcano Kirauea, i. 217

Divinity of Semitic kings, i. 15 sqq.;

of Lydian kings, 182 sqq.

Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls at, ii. 70

Dobrizhoffer, M., on the respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, i. 258 n. 2

Doctrine of lunar sympathy, ii. 140 sqq.

Dôd, “beloved,” i. 19 n. 2, 20 n. 2

Dog-star. See Sirius

Doliche in Commagene, i. 136

Domaszewski, Professor A., on the rites of Attis at Rome, i. 266 n. 2

Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Dos Santos, J., Portuguese historian, on the method adopted by a Caffre king to prolong his life, ii. 222 sq.

Double, the afterbirth or placenta, regarded as a person's double, ii. 169 sq.

—— -headed axe, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;

carried by Lydian kings, 182;

a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;

figured on coins, 183 n.

—— -headed eagle, Hittite emblem, i. 133 n.

Doutté, Edmond, on sacred prostitution in Morocco, i. 39 n. 3

Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, i. 126 n. 2, 147

——, sacred, of Aphrodite, i. 33;

or Astarte, 147

Dowries earned by prostitution, i. 38, 59

Dragon slain by Cadmus at Thebes, ii. 241

—— and Apollo, at Delphi, ii. 240

Drama, sacred, of the death and resurrection of Osiris, ii. 85 sq.

Dramas, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 sq.

Dramatic representation of the resurrection of Osiris in his rites, ii. 85

Dreams, revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, i. 205;

spirits of the dead appear to the living in, ii. 162, 190;

as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, 255 sqq.

Drenching last corn cut with water as a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.

Drinking out of a king's skull in order to be inspired by his spirit, ii. 171

Drought, kings answerable for, i. 21 sq.

Drum, eating out of a, i. 274

Drums, human sacrifice for royal, ii. 223, 225

Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of Christmas, i. 305 n. 4;

on the date of the Crucifixion, 307

Dyaks of Sarawak, their custom of head-hunting, i. 295 sq.

Ea, Babylonian god, i. 9

Eagle to carry soul to heaven, i. 126 sq.;

double-headed, Hittite emblem, 133 n.

Ears of corn, emblem of Demeter, i. 166

Earth as the Great Mother, i. 27

—— and sky, myth of their violent separation, i. 283

——, the goddess, mother of Typhon, i. 156

[pg 284]

Earth-goddess annually married to Sun-god, i. 47 sq.;

disturbed by the operations of husbandry, 88 sqq.;

married to Sky-god, 282, with n. 2

—— -spirits disturbed by agriculture, i. 89

Earthquake god, i. 194 sqq.

Earthquakes, attempts to stop, i. 196 sqq.

East, mother-kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, ii. 212 sqq.

Easter, gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, i. 253 sq.;

resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, 254 sqq., 306;

the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, 306 sqq.;

controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, 309 sq.

“Eater of the Dead,” fabulous Egyptian monster, ii. 14

Eclipse of the moon, Athenian superstition as to an, ii. 141

Eden, the tree of life in, i. 186 n. 4

Edom, the kings of, i. 15;

their bones burned by the Moabites, ii. 104

Edonians in Thrace, Lycurgus king of the, ii. 98, 99

Eesa, a Somali tribe, ii. 246

Effect of geographical and climatic conditions on national character, ii. 217

Effeminate sorcerers or priests, order of, ii. 253 sqq.

Effigies of Osiris, stuffed with corn, buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, ii. 90 sq., 114

Egypt, wives of Ammon in, i. 72;

date of the corn-reaping in, 231 n. 3;

the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, 303;

in early June, ii. 31;

mother-kin in ancient, 213 sqq.

Egyptian astronomers acquainted with the true length of the solar year, ii. 26, 27, 37 n.

—— calendar, the official, ii. 24 sqq.;

date of its introduction, 36 n. 2

—— ceremony at the winter solstice, ii. 50

—— dead identified with Osiris, ii. 16

—— farmer, calendar of the, ii. 30 sqq.;

his festivals, ii. 32 sqq.

—— festivals, their dates shifting, ii. 24 sq., 92 sqq.;

readjustment of, 91 sqq.

—— funeral rites a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15

—— hope of immortality centred in Osiris, ii. 15 sq., 114, 159

—— kings worshipped as gods, i. 52;

the most ancient, buried at Abydos, ii. 19;

their oath not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, 26;

perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97 sq., 102;

as Osiris, 151 sqq.;

renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen Osiris, 153 sq.;

born again at the Sed festival, 153, 155 sq.;

perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, 154 sq., 156

Egyptian language akin to the Semitic, ii. 161

—— months, table of, ii. 37 n.

—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283 n. 3

—— people, the conservatism of their character, ii. 217 sq.;

compared to the Chinese, 218

—— reapers, their lamentations and invocations of Isis, i. 232, ii. 45, 117

—— religion, the development of, ii. 122 sqq.;

dominated by Osiris, 158 sq.

—— standard resembling a placenta, ii. 156 n. 1

—— year vague, not corrected by intercalation, ii. 24 sq.;

the sacred, began with the rising of Sirius, 35

Egyptians sacrifice red-haired men, ii. 97, 106;

the ancient, question of their ethnical affinity, 161

Ekoi of Southern Nigeria, their custom of mutilating men and women at festivals, i. 270 n. 2

El, Phoenician god, i. 13, 16 n. 1;

identified with Cronus, 166

El-Bùgât, festival of mourning for Tammuz in Harran, i. 230

Elam, the kings of, their bones carried off by Ashurbanipal, ii. 103 sq.

Eleusis, Demeter and the king's son at, i. 180;

sacrifice of oxen at, 292 n. 3;

mysteries of Demeter at, ii. 90

Eli, the sons of, i. 76

Elisha prophesies to music, i. 53, 54;

finds water in the desert, 53, 75

Ellis, A. B., on sacred prostitution in West Africa, i. 65 sq., 69 sq.;

on tattoo marks of priests, 74 n. 4;

on an ordeal of chastity, 115

Emesa, sun-god Heliogabalus at, i. 35

Empedocles leaps into the crater of Etna, i. 181

Emperor of China, funeral of an, i. 294

Ἐναγίζειν distinguished from θύειν, i. 316 n. 1

Enemy, charms to disable an, ii. 252

England, harvest custom in, i. 237;

the feast of All Souls in, ii. 78 sq.

Ennius, on Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233

“Entry of Osiris into the moon,” ii. 130

Enylus, king of Byblus, i. 15 n.

Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 269;

Hecate at, 291;

the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at, ii. 243 sq.

Epidaurus, Aesculapius at, i. 80

Epiphany, the sixth of January, i. 305

[pg 285]

Epirus, the kings of, their bones scattered by Lysimachus, ii. 104

Equinox, the vernal, resurrection of Attis at the, i. 273, 307 sq.;

date of the Crucifixion assigned to the spring equinox, 307;

tradition that the world was created at the spring equinox, 307

Erechtheum, sacred serpent in the, i. 87

Erechtheus, king of Athens, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 n. 1;

his sacred serpent, 87

Eregli (the ancient Cybistra) in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122

Eresh-Kigal, Babylonian goddess, i. 9

Erica-tree, Osiris in the, ii. 9, 108, 109

Eriphyle, the necklace of, i. 32 n. 2

Erman, Professor A., on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18 n. 3;

on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, 91;

on the development of Egyptian religion, 122 n. 2

Erme or Nenneri, gardens of Adonis in Sardinia, i. 244

Eshmun, Phoenician deity, i. 111 n. 6

Esne, the festal calendar of, ii. 49 sq.

Esquimaux of Alaska, their annual festival of the dead, i. 51 sq.

Esthonian peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135

Esthonians, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 143

Eternal life, initiate born again to, in the rites of Cybele and Attis, i. 274 sq.

Etesian winds, i. 35 n. 1

Etna, Mount, Typhon buried under, i. 156, 157;

the death of Empedocles on, 181;

the ashes of, 194;

offerings thrown into the craters of, 221

Euboea subject to earthquakes, i. 211;

date of threshing in, 232 n.;

harvest custom in, 238

Eudoxus, on the Egyptian festivals, ii. 35 n. 2

Eunuch, priests of the Mother Goddess, i. 206;

in the service of Asiatic goddesses of fertility, 269 sq.;

in various lands, 270 n. 2;

of Attis tattooed with pattern of ivy, 278;

of Cybele, ii. 258

Eunuchs, dances of, i. 270 n. 2, 271 n.;

dedicated to a goddess in India, 271 n.;

sacred, at Hierapolis-Bambyce, their rule as to the pollution of death, ii. 272

Euripides on the death of Pentheus, ii. 98 n. 5

Europe, custom of showing money to the new moon in, ii. 148 sq.

Eusebius on sacred prostitution, i. 37 n. 2, 73 n. 1

Euyuk in Cappadocia, Hittite palace at, i. 123, 132, 133 n.;

bull worshipped at, 164

Evadne and Capaneus, i. 177 n. 3

Evil Eye, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;

bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the, 261;

disguises to avert the, 262

Ewe farmers fear to wound the Earth goddess, i. 90

—— people of Togo-land, their belief in the marriage of Sky with Earth, i. 282 n. 2

—— speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, sacred prostitution among the, i. 65 sq.;

worship pythons, 83 n. 1

Exchange of dress between men and women in rites, ii. 259 n. 3;

at marriage, 260 sqq.;

at circumcision, 263

Exogamous clans in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204

Exorcism by means of music, i. 54 sq.

Expiation for homicide, i. 299 n. 2;

Roman, for prodigies, ii. 244

Eye as a symbol of Osiris, ii. 121;

of sacrificial ox cut out, 251 sq.

—— of Horus, ii. 17, 121 with n. 3

——, the Evil, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;

bridegroom disfigured in order to avert, 261

Eyes of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15

Ezekiel on the mourning for Tammuz, i. 11, 17, 20;

on the Assyrian cavalry, 25 n. 3;

on the king of Tyre, 114

False Bride, custom of the ii. 262 n. 2

Farnell, Dr. L. R., on Greek religious music, i. 55 n. 1 and 3;

on religious prostitution in Western Asia, 57 n. 1, 58 n. 2;

on the position of women in ancient religion, ii. 212 n. 1;

on the Flamen Dialis, 227;

on the children of living parents in ritual, 236 sq.;

on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 242 n.;

on eunuch priests of Cybele, 258 n. 1

Farwardajan, a Persian festival of the dead, ii. 68

Fast from bread in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Fasts observed by the worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280;

of Isis and Cybele, 302 n. 4

Father named after his son, i. 51 n. 4;

of a god, 51, 52;

dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 184 sq.;

the head of the family under a system of mother-kin, 211

—— -deity of the Hittites, the god of the thundering sky, i. 134 sqq.

—— God, his emblem the bull, i. 164;

Attis as the, 281 sqq.;

often less important than Mother Goddess, 282

—— -kin at Rome, i. 41

——, Mother, and Son divinities represented at Boghaz-Keui, i. 140 sqq.

[pg 286]

Father Sky fertilizes Mother Earth, i. 282

—— and mother, names for, i. 281;

as epithets of Roman gods and goddesses, ii. 233 sqq.

Fatherhood of God, the physical, i. 80 sq.

Fauna, rustic Roman goddess, her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234

Faunus, old Roman god, his relationship to Fauna or the Good Goddess, ii. 234

Feast of All Saints on November 1st, perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the dead, ii. 82 sq.;

instituted by Lewis the Pious, 83

—— of All Souls, ii. 51 sqq.;

the Christian, originally a pagan festival of the dead, 81

—— of the Golden Flower at Sardes, i. 187

—— of Lanterns in Japan, ii. 65

Feet first, children born, custom observed at their graves, i. 93

Felkin, R. W. and C. T. Wilson, on the worship of the dead kings of Uganda, ii. 173 n. 2

Fellows, Ch., on flowers in Caria, i. 187 n. 6

Female kinship, rule of descent of the throne under, ii. 18.

See also Mother-kin

Fertility of ground thought to be promoted by prostitution, i. 39;

promoted by marriage of women to serpent, 67;

goddesses of, served by eunuch priests, 269 sq.;

Osiris as a god of, ii. 112 sq.

Fertilization of the fig, artificial, ii. 98

Festival of “the awakening of Hercules” at Tyre, i. 111;

of the Dead in Java, 220;

of Flowers (Anthesteria), 234 sq.;

of Joy (Hilaria) in the rites of Attis, 273;

of Sais, ii. 49 sqq.;

of Crowning at Delphi, 241

Festivals of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 32 sqq.;

of Osiris, the official, 49 sqq.;

Egyptian readjustment of, 91 sqq.

Fetishism early in human history, ii. 43

“Field of the giants,” i. 158

Fig, artificial fertilization of the, at Rome in July, ii. 98, 259

Fiji, chiefs buried secretly in, ii. 105

Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90

—— Lent, i. 90

Fijians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Financial oppression, Roman, i. 301 n. 2

Finlay, George, on Roman financial oppression, i. 301 n. 2

Fire, purification by, i. 115 n. 1, 179 sqq.;

Persian reverence for, 174 sq.;

death in the, as an apotheosis, 179 sq.;

supposed able to impregnate women, ii. 235

Fire, perpetual, in Zoroastrian religion, i. 191;

worshipped, 191 sqq.;

in the temples of dead kings, ii. 174

—— -god, the father of Romulus, Servius Tullius, and Caeculus, ii. 235

—— -walk of the king of Tyre, i. 114 sq.;

of priestesses at Castabala, 168

—— -worship in Cappadocia, i. 191 sq.

Firmicus Maternus, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 86;

on use of a pine-tree in the rites of Osiris, 108

First-born, Semitic sacrifice of the, i. 110;

the sacrifice of, at Jerusalem, ii. 219 sq.

—— -fruits offered to the Baalim, i. 27;

offered to the Mother of the Gods, 280 n. 1;

offered to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Firstlings offered to the Baalim, i. 27

Fish, soul of dead in, i. 95 sq.

Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 n.;

on secret burial of chiefs in Fiji, ii. 105

Flail or scourge, an emblem of Osiris, ii. 108, 153;

for collecting incense, 109 n. 1

Flamen forbidden to divorce his wife, ii. 229;

of Vulcan, 232

—— Dialis, the widowed, ii. 227 sqq.;

forbidden to touch a dead body, but allowed to attend a funeral, 228;

bound to be married, 229

—— Dialis and Flaminica, i. 45 sq.;

assisted by boy and girl of living parents, ii. 236

Flamingoes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 163

Flaminica and her husband the Flamen Dialis, i. 45 sq., ii. 236

Flax, omens from the growth of, i. 244

Flower of the banana, women impregnated by the, i. 93

“—— of Zeus,” i. 186, 187

Flowers and leaves as talismans, ii. 242 sq.

Flute, skill of Marsyas on the, i. 288

—— music, its exciting influence, i. 54

—— -players dressed as women at Rome, ii. 259 n. 3

Flutes played in the laments for Tammuz, i. 9;

for Adonis, 225 n. 3

Food, virgins supposed to conceive through eating certain, i. 96;

as a cause of conception in women, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105

Foreigners as kings, i. 16 n.

Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of Praeneste, daughter of Jupiter, ii. 234

Fortune of the city on coins of Tarsus, i. 164;

the guardian of cities, 164

[pg 287]

Fossil bones in limestone caves, i. 152 sq.;

a source of myths about giants, 157 sq.

Foucart, P., identifies Dionysus with Osiris, ii. 113 n. 3

Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 n. 2

Fowler, W. Warde, on the celibacy of the Roman gods, ii. 230, 232 n. 1, 234 n., 236 n. 1

Fra Angelico, his influence on Catholicism, i. 54 n. 1

France, harvest custom in, i. 237;

timber felled in the wane of the moon in, ii. 136

Fratres Arvales, ii. 239

Fravashis, the souls of the dead in the Iranian religion, ii. 67 n. 2, 68

French peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 133 n. 3, 135

Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, ii. 100 sq.

Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, i. 204

Frodsham, Dr., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103 n. 3

Fruit-trees, worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, ii. 111

Fulgora, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Funeral custom in Madagascar, ii. 247

—— pyre of Roman emperor, i. 126 sq.

—— rites of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15;

of Osiris, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86 sqq.

Furies, their snakes, i. 88 n. 1

Furness, W. H., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 266

Gaboon, Mpongwe kings of the, ii. 104;

negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, ii. 134

Gad, Semitic god of fortune, i. 164, 165

Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, ii. 246

Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth), at, i. 112 sq.;

temple of Melcarth at, ii. 258 n. 5

Galelareese of Halmahera, as to human sacrifices to volcanoes, i. 220

Gallas, their worship of serpents, i. 86 n. 1

Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis, i. 266, 283

Galton, Sir Francis, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29

Game with fruit-stones played by kings of Uganda, ii. 224

—— law of the Njamus, ii. 39

Garden of Osiris, ii. 87 sq.

Gardens of Adonis, i. 236 sqq.;

charms to promote the growth of vegetation, 236 sq., 239;

in India, 239 sqq.;

in Bavaria, 244;

in Sardinia, 244 sq.;

in Sicily, 245;

at Easter, 253 sq.

Gardens of God, i. 123, 159

Gardner, Professor E. A. on date of the corn-reaping in Greece, i. 232 n.

Garstang, Professor J., on sculptures at Ibreez, i. 122 n. 1, 123 n. 2;

on Hittite sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 133 n., 135 n.;

on Arenna, 136 n. 1;

on Syrian god Hadad, 163 n. 3

Gathas, a part of the Zend-Avesta, ii. 84 n.

Gaul, worship of Cybele in, i. 279

Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, conduct of the natives in an earthquake, i. 201;

the Melanesians of the, ii. 242 sq.

Gazelles sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15

Gebal, Semitic name of Byblus, i. 13 n. 3

Geese sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15

Gellius, Aulus, his list of old Roman deities, ii. 232

Gellius, Cnaeus, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Geminus, Greek astronomer, on the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26

Genital organs of Osiris, tradition as to the, ii. 10, 102;

of dead man used to fertilize the fields, 102 sq.

Genius, Roman, symbolized by a serpent, i. 86

Geographical and climatic conditions, their effect on national character, ii. 217

German peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135

Germans, the ancient, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Germany, harvest custom in, i. 237;

leaping over Midsummer fires in, 251;

feast of All Souls in, ii. 70 sqq.;

popular superstition as to the influence of the moon in, 133, 140 sq., 149

Gezer, Canaanitish city, excavations at, i. 108

Gezo, King, i. 68

Ghineh, monument of Adonis at, i. 29

Ghost of afterbirth thought to adhere to navel-string, ii. 169 sq.

Ghosts thought to impregnate women, i. 93;

of the dead personated by living men, ii. 52, 53, 58

Giants, myths of, based on discovery of fossil bones, i. 157 sq.

—— and gods, their battle, i. 157

Giaour-Kalesi, Hittite sculptures at, i. 138 n.

Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in the, i. 108 n. 1

Gill, Captain W., on a tribe in China governed by a woman, ii. 211 n. 3

Gilyaks of the Amoor eat nutlets of stone-pine, i. 278 n. 2

[pg 288]

Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31 n. 1

Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life, i. 186 n. 4

Goat sacrificed by being hanged, i. 292

God, children of, i. 68;

sons of, 78 sqq.;

the physical fatherhood of, 80 sq.;

gardens of, 123, 159

——, the burning of a, i. 188 sq.;

the hanged, 288 sqq.

—— of earthquakes, i. 194 sqq.

Godavari District, Southern India, i. 95

Goddess, identified with priestess, i. 219;

superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201 sq.

Goddesses, Cilician, i. 161 sqq.;

place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, 180;

of fertility served by eunuch priests, 269 sq.;

their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, ii. 202 sqq.;

the development of, favoured by mother-kin, 259

Gods, annual death and resurrection of, i. 6;

personated by priests, 45, 46 sqq.;

married to sisters, 316;

their human wives, ii. 207;

made by men and worshipped by women, 211

—— and giants, the battle of, i. 157

Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi-speaking peoples of the, i. 69

Golden Flower, the Feast of the, i. 185

—— Sea, the, i. 150

Golgi in Cyprus, i. 35

Goliath and David, i. 19 n. 2

Gonds, ceremony of bringing back souls of the dead among the, i. 95 sq.

Good Friday, effigies and sepulchres of Christ on, i. 254 sqq.

—— Goddess (Bona Dea), her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234

Goowoong Awoo, volcano, children sacrificed to, i. 219

Gordias and Midas, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286

Gordon, E. M., on infant burial, i. 94 sq.;

on the festival of the dead in Bilaspore, ii. 60

Gouri, an Indian goddess of fertility, i. 241 sq.

Gournia in Crete, prehistoric shrine at, i. 88 n. 1

Grandmother, title of an African priest, ii. 255

—— Earth thought to cause earthquakes, i. 198

Grandparents, dead, worshipped, ii. 175

Grapes as divine emblem, i. 165

Grave of Osiris, ii. 10 sq.;

human victims sacrificed at the, 97

—— shrines of Shilluk kings, ii. 161 sq.;

of dead kings, 194 sq.

Graves, milk offered at, i. 87;

childless women resort to, in order to ensure offspring, 96;

illuminated on All Souls' Day, ii. 72 sq., 74;

the only places of sacrifice in the country of the Wahehe, 190

—— of kings, chiefs, and magicians kept secret, ii. 103 sqq.;

human sacrifices at, 168

“Great burnings” for kings of Judah, i. 177 sq.

—— Marriage, annual festival of the dead among the Oraons of Bengal, ii. 59

—— men, history not to be explained without the influence of, i. 311 n. 2;

great religious systems founded by, ii. 159 sq.;

their influence on the popular imagination, 199

—— Mother, popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, i. 298 sq.

—— religious systems founded by individual great men, ii. 159 sq.;

religious ideals a product of the male imagination, 211

Greece, date of the corn-reaping in, i. 232 n.;

modern, marriage customs in, ii. 245 sq.

Greek belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 86 sq.

—— Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in the, i. 254

—— feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 n. 1

—— gods, discrimination of their characters, i. 119

—— mythology, Adonis in, i. 10 sqq.

—— notion as to birth from trees and rocks, i. 107 n. 1;

of the noxious influence of moonshine on children, ii. 148

—— purification for homicide, i. 299 n. 2

—— use of music in religion, i. 54 sq.

—— writers on the worship of Adonis, i. 223 sq.

Gregory IV. and the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, ii. 90 sq.

Grimm, Jacob, on hide-measured lands, ii. 250

Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, i. 247

Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of the moon, ii. 132 sqq., 140 sqq.

Guarayos Indians of Bolivia, their presentation of children to the moon, ii. 145

[pg 289]

Guardian spirits in the form of animals, i. 83;

in serpents, 83, 86

Guaycurus of Brazil, men dressed as women among the, ii. 254 n. 2

Guevo Upas, the Valley of Poison, in Java, i. 203 sq.

Gujrat District, Punjaub, i. 94

Gurdon, Major P. R. T., on the Khasis of Assam, ii. 202, 203 n. 1, 210 n. 1

Gwanya, a worshipful dead chief, ii. 177

Gyges, king of Lydia, dedicates double-headed axe to Zeus, i. 182

Gynaecocracy a dream, ii. 211

Hadad, chief male deity of the Syrians, i. 15, 16 n. 1;

Syrian god of thunder and fertility, 163

Hadadrimmon, i. 164 n. 1;

the mourning of or for, 15 n. 4

Haddon, A. C., on worship of animal-shaped heroes, i. 139 n. 1

Hadrian, human sacrifice suppressed in reign of, i. 146

Hair, sacrifice of women's, i. 38;

offered to goddess of volcano, 218;

of head shaved in mourning for dead gods, 225;

to be cut when the moon is waxing, ii. 133 sq.

Halasarna in Cos, rites of Apollo and

Hercules at, ii. 259

Halfdan, the Black, King of Norway, dismembered after death, ii. 100

Halicarnassus, worship of Pergaean Artemis at, i. 35 n. 2

Hall of the Two Truths, the judgment hall in the other world, ii. 13

Halmahera, the Galelareese of, i. 220

Hamaspathmaedaya, old Iranian festival of the dead, ii. 67

Hamilcar, his self-sacrifice at the battle of Himera, i. 115 sq.;

worshipped at Carthage, 116;

burns himself, 176;

worshipped after death, 180

Hamilton, Alexander, on dance of hermaphrodites in Pegu, i. 271 n.

Hamilton, Professor G. L., i. 57 n. 1

Hammurabi, the code of, i. 71 n. 3, 72 n. 1

Handel, the harmonies of, i. 54

Hanged god, the, i. 288 sqq.

Hanging as a mode of sacrifice, i. 289 sqq.

Hannah, the prayer of, i. 79

Hannibal, his prayers to Melcarth, i. 113;

his retirement from Italy, 265

Hanway, J., on worship of perpetual fires at Baku, i. 192

Harmonia, the necklace of, i. 32 n. 2;

turned into a snake, 86 sq.

Harold the Fair-haired, ii. 100 n. 2

Harp, the music of the, in religion, i. 52 sqq.

Harpalyce, her incest with her father, i. 44 n. 1

Harpocrates, the younger Horus, ii. 8, 9 n.

Harran, mourning of women for Tammuz in, i. 230

Harrison, Miss J. E., on the hyacinth (Delphinium Ajacis), i. 314 n. 1

Hartland, E. S., on the reincarnation of the dead, i. 91 n. 3;

on primitive paternity, 106 n. 1

Harvest, rites of, ii. 45 sqq.;

annual festival of the dead after, 61;

new corn offered to dead kings or chiefs at, 162, 166, 188;

prayers to the spirits of ancestors at, 175 sq.;

sacrifices to dead chiefs at, 191

—— in Egypt, the date of, ii. 32

—— custom of throwing water on the last corn cut as a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.;

of the Arabs of Moab, ii. 48, 96

Hathor, Egyptian goddess, ii. 9 n.

Hattusil, king of the Hittites, i. 135

Havamal, how Odin learned the magic runes in the, i. 290

Hawaii, the volcano of Kirauea in, i. 216 sqq.

Hawes, Mrs., on date of the corn-reaping in Crete, i. 232 n.

Hawk, Isis in the form of a, ii. 8;

the sacred bird of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, 21 sq.;

epithet regularly applied to the king of Egypt, 22

—— -town (Hieraconpolis) in Egypt, ii. 21 sq.

Hawks carved on the bier of Osiris, ii. 20

Hazael, king of Damascus, i. 15

“Head-Feast” among the Dyaks of Borneo, i. 295 sq.

—— -hunting in Borneo, i. 294 sqq.

Heads of dead chiefs cut off and buried secretly, ii. 104

——, human, thought to promote the fertility of the ground and of women, i. 294 sqq.;

used as guardians by Taurians and tribes of Borneo, 294 sqq.

Heathen festivals displaced by Christian, i. 308

—— origin of Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 sq.

Heavenly Virgin or Goddess, mother of the Sun, i. 303

Hebrew kings, traces of their divinity, i. 20 sqq.

—— names ending in -el or -iah, i. 79 n. 3

—— prophecy, the distinctive character of, i. 75

[pg 290]

Hebrew prophets, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 sq.

Hebrides, peats cut in the wane of the moon in the, ii. 137 sq.

Hecaerge, an epithet of Artemis, i. 292

Hecate at Ephesus, i. 291;

sometimes identified with Artemis, 292 n.

—— and Zeus worshipped at Stratonicea, ii. 227

Hecatombeus, a Greek month, i. 314

Hehn, V., on derivation of name Corycian, i. 187 n. 6

Helen of the Tree, worshipped in Rhodes, i. 292

Heliacal rising of Sirius, ii. 152

Helice, in Achaia, destroyed by earthquake, i. 203;

Poseidon worshipped at, 203 n. 2

Heliodorus, on the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at Ephesus, ii. 243 sq.

Heliogabalus, sun-god at Emesa, i. 35;

his sacrifice of children of living parents, ii. 248

Heliopolis (Baalbec), in Syria, i. 163 n. 2;

sacred prostitution at, 37, 58

Heliopolis (the Egyptian), trial of the dead Osiris before the gods at, ii. 17

Hepding, H., on Attis, i. 263 n. 1;

on Catullus's poem Attis, 270 n. 2;

on the bath of Cybele's image, 280

Hephaestus and hot springs, i. 209

Heqet, Egyptian frog-goddess, ii. 9 n.

Hera's marriage with Zeus, i. 280

Heraclids, Lydian dynasty of the, i. 182, 184;

perhaps Hittite, 185

Hercules identified with Melcarth, i. 16, 111;

slain by Typhon and revived by Iolaus, 111;

burnt on Mount Oeta, 111, 116, 211;

worshipped at Gades, 112 sq.;

women excluded from sacrifices to, 113 n. 1;

identified with Sandan, 125, 143, 161;

burns himself, 176;

worshipped after death, 180;

the itch of, 209;

his dispute with Aesculapius, 209 sq.;

the patron of hot springs, 209 sqq.;

altar of, at Thermopylae, 210;

the effeminate, ii. 257, 258, 259;

priest of, dressed as a woman, 258;

vernal mysteries of, at Rome, 258;

sacrifices to, at Rome, 258 n. 5

—— and the lion, i. 184

—— and Omphale, i. 182, ii. 258

—— and Sardanapalus, i. 172 sqq.

——, the Lydian, identical with the Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185

—— with the lion's scalp, Greek type of, i. 117 sq.

Hereditary deities, i. 51

Herefordshire, soul-cakes in, ii. 79

Herero, a Bantu tribe of German South-West Africa, the worship of the dead among the, ii. 185 sqq.

Hermaphrodite son of Sky and Earth, i. 282 n.

Hermaphrodites, dance of, i. 271 n.

Hermes and Aegipan, i. 157

Hermesianax, on the death of Attis, i. 264 n. 4

Hermus, river, i. 185, 186

Herod resorts to the springs of Callirrhoe, i. 214

Herodes Atticus, his benefaction at Thermopylae, i. 210

Herodotus on sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos, i. 34;

on religious prostitution, 58;

on wife of Bel, 71;

on Cyrus and Croesus, 174;

on the sacrifices of Croesus to Apollo, 180 n. 1;

on so-called monument of Sesostris, 185;

on the festival of Osiris at Sais, ii. 50;

on the mourning for Osiris, 86;

identifies Osiris with Dionysus, 113 n. 2;

on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;

on human sacrifices offered by the wife of Xerxes, 221

Heroes worshipped in form of animals, i. 139 n. 1

Hertz, W., on religious prostitution, i. 57 n. 1, 59 n. 4

Hesse, custom at ploughing in, i. 239

Hest, the Egyptian name for Isis, ii. 50 n. 4, 115 n. 1

Hettingen in Baden, custom at sowing at, i. 239

Hezekiah, King, his reformation, i. 25, 107;

date of his reign, 25 n. 4

Hibeh papyri, ii. 35 n. 1, 51 n. 1

Hide-measured lands, legends as to, ii. 249 sq.

Hieraconpolis in Egypt, ii. 22 n. 1;

representations of the Sed festival at, 151

Hierapolis, the Syrian, festival of the Pyre or Torch at, i. 146;

sacred doves at, 147;

great sanctuary of Astarte at, 269;

eunuch priests of Astarte at, 269 sq.

——, in the valley of the Maeander, cave of Pluto at, i. 206;

hot springs at, 206 sqq.

—— and Hieropolis, distinction between, i. 168 n. 2

—— -Bambyce, Atargatis the goddess of, i. 137, 162;

mysterious golden image at, 162 n. 2;

rules as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227

Hieroglyphics, Hittite, i. 124, 125 n.

High-priest of Syrian goddess, i. 143 n. 1

—— Priestess, head of the State, ii. 203

Highlanders, Scottish, on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140

[pg 291]

Hilaria, Festival of Joy in the rites of Attis, i. 273

Hill, G. F., on image of Artemis at Perga, i. 35 n. 2;

on legend of coins of Tarsus, 126 n. 2;

on goddess 'Atheh, 162;

on coins of Mallus, 165 n. 6

Hill Tout, C., on respect shown by the Indians of British Columbia for the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Himalayan districts of North-Western India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242

Himera, the battle of, i. 115;

hot springs of, 213 n. 1

Hindoo burial of infants, i. 94;

marriage custom, old, ii. 246;

worship of perpetual fire, i. 192

Hindoos of Northern India, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144

Hinnom, the Valley of, i. 178;

sacrifice of first-born children in, ii. 219

Hippodamia, her incest with her father, i. 44 n. 1

Hirpini, valley of Amsanctus in the land of the, i. 204

Hissar District, Punjaub, i. 94

History not to be explained without the influence of great men, i. 311 n. 2

Hittite, correct form of the national name Chatti or Hatti, i. 133 n.

—— costume, i. 129 sq., 131

—— deity named Tark or Tarku, i. 147

—— god of thunder, i. 134, 163

—— gods at Tarsus and Sardes, 185

—— hieroglyphics, i. 124, 125 n.

—— inscription on Mount Argaeus, i. 190 n. 1

—— priest or king, his costume, i. 131 sq., 133 n.

—— sculptures at Carchemish, i. 38 n., 123;

at Ibreez, 121 sqq.;

at Bor (Tyana), 122 n. 1;

at Euyuk, 123;

at Boghaz-Keui, 128 sqq.;

at Babylon, 134;

at Zenjirli, 134;

at Giaour-Kalesi, 138 n.;

at Kara-Bel, 138 n.;

at Marash, 173;

in Lydia, 185

—— seals of treaty, i. 136, 142 n. 1, 145 n. 2

—— Sun-goddess, i. 133 n.

—— treaty with Egypt, i. 135 sq.

Hittites worship the bull, i. 123, 132;

their empire, language, etc., 124 sq.;

traces of mother-kin among the, 141 sq.

Hkamies of North Aracan, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 61

Ho tribe of Togoland, their kings buried secretly, ii. 104

Hofmayr, W., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, ii. 164, 166

Hogarth, D. G., on relics of paganism at Paphos, i. 36;