Index. (continued 2)

on the Corycian cave, 155 n.;

on Roman remains at Tarsus, 172 n. 1

Hogs sacrificed to goddess of volcano, i. 218 sq.

Hollis, A. C., on serpent-worship of the Akikuyu, i. 67 sq.;

on serpent-worship, 84 sq.

“Holy men” in Syria, i. 77 sq.

Hommel, Professor F., on the Hittite deity Tarku, i. 147 n. 3

Honey and milk offered to snakes, i. 85

Honey-cakes offered to serpent, i. 87

Hope of immortality, the Egyptian, centred in Osiris, ii. 15 sq., 90 sq., 114, 159

Hopladamus, a giant, i. 157 n. 2

Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233

Horkos, the Greek god of oaths, ii. 231 n. 5

Horned cap worn by priest or god, i. 123;

of Hittite god, 134

—— god, Hittite and Greek, i. 123

—— lion, i. 127

Horns, as a religious emblem, i. 34;

worn by gods, 163 sq.

—— of a cow worn by Isis, ii. 50

Horses sacrificed for the use of the dead, i. 293 sq.;

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, torn in pieces by, ii. 98

Horus, the four sons of, in the likeness of hawks, ii. 22;

decapitates his mother Isis, 88;

the eye of, 121 with n. 3

—— of Edfu identified with the sun, ii. 123

—— the elder, ii. 6

—— the younger, son of Isis and the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 15;

accused by Set of being a bastard, 17;

his combat with Set, 17;

his eye destroyed by Set and restored by Thoth, 17;

reigns over the Delta, 17

Hose, Ch., and McDougall, W., on head-hunting in Borneo, i. 295 n. 1

Hosea on religious prostitution, i. 58;

on the Baalim, 75 n.;

on the prophet as a madman, 77

Hot springs, worship of, i. 206 sqq.;

Hercules the patron of, 209 sqq.;

resorted to by childless women in Syria, 213 sqq.

Huligamma, Indian goddess, eunuchs dedicated to her, i. 271 n.

Human representatives of Attis, i. 285 sqq.

—— sacrifice, substitutes for, i. 146 sq., 285, 289, ii. 99, 221

—— sacrifices in worship of the moon, i. 73;

to the Tauric Artemis, 115;

to Diomede at Salamis, 145;

offered at earthquakes, 201;

offered at irrigation [pg 292] channels, ii. 38;

of the kings of Ashantee and Dahomey, 97 n. 7;

offered to Dionysus, 98 sq.;

offered by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;

at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;

to dead kings, 173;

to dead chiefs, 191;

to prolong the life of kings, 220 sq., 223 sqq.

Human victims thrown into volcanoes, i. 219 sq.;

uses made of their skins, 293;

as representatives of the corn-spirit, ii. 97, 106 sq.;

killed with hoes, spades, and rakes, 99 n. 2

Hunger the root of the worship of Adonis, i. 231

Hurons, their burial of infants, i. 91

Huzuls of the Carpathians, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130;

their cure for water-brash, 149 sq.

Hyacinth, son of Amyclas, killed by Apollo, i. 313;

his flower, 313 sq.;

his tomb and festival, 314 sq.;

an aboriginal deity, 315 sq.;

his sister Polyboea, 316;

perhaps a deified king of Amyclae, i. 316 sq.

Hyacinthia, the festival of Hyacinth, i. 314 sq.

Hyacinthius, a Greek month, i. 315 n.

Hybristica, an Argive festival, ii. 259 n. 3

Hygieia, the goddess, i. 88 n. 1

Hymns to Tammuz, i. 9;

to the sun-god, ii. 123 sq.

Hyria in Cilicia, i. 41

Ibani of the Niger delta, their sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, ii. 222

Ibans or Sea Dyaks, their worship of serpents, i. 83.

See Sea Dyaks

Ibn Batuta, Arab traveller, on funeral of emperor of China, i. 293 sq.

Ibreez in Southern Cappadocia, i. 119 sqq.;

village of, 120 sq.;

Hittite sculptures at, 121 sqq.

——, the god of, i. 119 sqq.;

his horned cap, 164

Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50;

bilingual inscription of, 49 n. 7;

Melcarth worshipped at, 117

Ideals of humanity, two different, the heroic and the saintly, i. 300;

great religious, a product of the male imagination, ii. 211

Ideler, L., on the date of the introduction of the fixed Alexandrian year, ii. 28 n. 1;

on the Sothic period, 37 n.

Ignorance of paternity, primitive, i. 106 sq.

Il Mayek clan of the Njamus, their supposed power over irrigation water and the crops, ii. 39

Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at, i. 292

Illumination, nocturnal, at festival of Osiris, ii. 50 sq.;

of graves on All Souls' Day, 72 sq., 74

Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99

Images of Osiris made of vegetable mould, ii. 85, 87, 90 sq., 91

Immortality, Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris, ii. 15 sq., 90 sq., 114, 159

Impregnation of women by serpents, i. 80 sqq.;

by the dead, 91;

by ghosts, 93;

by the flower of the banana, 93;

supposed, through eating food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105;

by fire, ii. 235.

See also Conception

—— of Isis by the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 20

—— without sexual intercourse, belief in, i. 96 sqq.

Incense burnt at the rites of Adonis, i. 228;

burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, 228;

collected by a flail, ii. 109 n. 1

Incest with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, i. 43 sq.

Inconsistency of common thought, i. 4

Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, ii. 148 sq.

India, sacred women (dancing-girls) in, i. 61 sqq.;

impregnation of women by stone serpents in, 81 sq.;

burial of infants in, 93 sq.;

gardens of Adonis in, 239 sqq.;

eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, 271 n.;

drinking moonlight as a medicine in, ii. 142

Indian ceremonies analogous to the rites of Adonis, i. 227

—— prophet, his objections to agriculture, i. 88 sq.

Indians of tropical America represent the rain-god weeping, ii. 33 n. 3;

of California, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 sq.;

of Brazil attend to the moon more than to the sun, 138 n.;

of San Juan Capistrano, their ceremony at the new moon, 142;

of the Ucayali River in Peru, their greeting to the new moon, 142;

of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the, 254, 255 sq.

Infant sons of kings placed by goddesses on fire, i. 180

Infants buried so as to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 sqq.;

burial of, at Gezer, 108 sq.

Influence of great men on the popular imagination, ii. 199;

of mother-kin on religion, 202 sqq.

Ingarda tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 104

[pg 293]

Ingleborough in Yorkshire, i. 152

Inheritance of property under mother-kin, rules of, ii. 203 n. 1

Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 105

Insect, soul of dead in, i. 95 sq., ii. 162

Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspiration, i. 169 sq.

Inspiration, insensibility to pain as sign of, i. 169 sq.;

savage theory of, i. 299

——, prophetic, under the influence of music, i. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74;

through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 sq.

Inspired men and women in the Pelew Islands, ii. 207 sq.

Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26, 27, 28;

in the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 n. 3

Inuus, epithet applied to Faunus, ii. 234 n. 3

Invisible, charm to make an army, ii. 251

Iolaus, friend of Hercules, i. 111

Iranian year, the old, ii. 67

Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead (Fravashis), ii. 67 sq.

Ireland, sacred oaks in, i. 37 n. 2

Irle, J., on the religion of the Herero, ii. 186 sq.

Iron not allowed to touch Atys, i. 286 n. 5

Irrigation in ancient Egypt, ii. 31 sq.;

rites of, in Egypt, 33 sqq.;

sacrifices offered in connexion with, 38 sq.

Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, i. 241

Isaac, Abraham's attempted sacrifice of, ii. 219 n. 1

Isaiah, on the king's pyre in Tophet, i. 177, 178;

possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in, 236 n. 1;

on dew, 247 n. 1

Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, i. 8, 20 n. 2;

in relation to Tammuz, 8 sq.

—— (Astarte) and Mylitta, i. 36, 37 n. 1

Isis, sister and wife of Osiris, ii. 6 sq.;

date of the festival of, 26 n. 2, 33;

as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, i. 50, ii. 50, 85, 88 n. 1, 91;

invoked by Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45, 117;

in the form of a hawk, 8, 20;

in the papyrus swamps, 8;

in the form of a swallow, 9;

at Byblus, 9 sq.;

at the well, 9, 111 n. 6;

her search for the body of Osiris, 10, 50, 85;

recovers and buries the body of Osiris, 10 sq.;

mourns Osiris, 12;

restores Osiris to life, 13;

her tears supposed to swell the Nile, 33;

her priest wears a jackal's mask, 85 n. 3;

decapitated by her son Horus, 88 n. 1;

her temple at Philae, 89, 111;

her many names, 115;

sister and wife of Osiris, 116;

a corn-goddess, 116 sq.;

her discovery of wheat and barley, 116;

identified with Ceres, 117;

identified with Demeter, 117;

as the ideal wife and mother, 117 sq.;

refinement and spiritualization of, 117 sq.;

popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, 118;

her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, 118 sq.;

Sirius her star, 34 sq., 152

Isis and the king's son at Byblus, i. 180;

and the scorpions, ii. 8

Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, i. 241, 242

Italian myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Italy, hot springs in, i. 213;

divination at Midsummer in, 254

Itch of Hercules, i. 209

Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), ii. 184 n. 2, 185

Ivy, sacred to Attis, i. 278;

sacred to Osiris, ii. 112

Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god, ii. 120

Jackal-god Up-uat, ii. 154

Jackal's mask worn by priest of Isis, 11, 85 n. 3

Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as sign of inspiration, i. 169;

on the purifying virtue of fire, 181

January, the sixth of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, i. 304

Janus in Roman mythology, ii. 235 n. 6

—— -like deity on coins, i. 165

Japan, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Jars, children buried in, i. 109 n. 1

Jason and Medea, i. 181 n. 1

Jastrow, Professor M., on the festival of Tammuz, i. 10 n. 1;

on the character of Tammuz, 230 n.

Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202 n. 1;

the Valley of Poison in, 203 sq.;

worship of volcanoes in, 220 sq.

Jawbone, the ghost of the dead thought to adhere to the, ii. 167 sq.

—— and navel-string of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, ii. 197

Jawbones, lower, of dead kings of Uganda preserved and worshipped, ii. 167 sq., 169 sq., 171 sq.;

the ghosts of the kings supposed to attach to their jawbones, 169

[pg 294]

Jâyi or Jawâra, festival in Upper India, i. 242

Jebel Hissar, Olba, i. 151

Jehovah in relation to thunder, i. 22 n. 3;

in relation to rain, 23 n. 1

Jensen, P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 137 n. 4;

on Hittite inscription, 145 n. 2;

on the Syrian god Hadad, 163 n. 3

Jeremiah, on the prophet as a madman, i. 77;

on birth from stocks and stones, 107

Jericho, death of Herod at, i. 214

Jerome, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 n. 1;

on the worship of Adonis at Bethlehem, 257

Jerusalem, mourning for Tammuz at, i. 11, 17, 20;

the Canaanite kings of, 17;

the returned captives at, 23;

the Destroying Angel over, 24;

besieged by Sennacherib, 25;

the religious orchestra at, 52;

“great burnings” for the kings at, 177 sq.;

the king's pyre at, 177 sq.;

Church of the Holy Sepulchre at, Good Friday ceremonies in the, 255 n.;

the sacrifice of first-born children at, ii. 219

Jewish priests, their rule as to the pollution of death, ii. 230

Jews of Egypt, costume of bride and bridegroom among the, ii. 260

Joannes Lydus, on Phrygian rites at Rome, i. 266 n. 2

John Barleycorn, i. 230 sq.

Johns, Dr. C. H. W., on Babylonian votaries, i. 71 n. 3 and 5

Johnston, Sir H. H., on eunuch priests on the Congo, i. 271 n.

Josephus, on worship of kings of Damascus, i. 15;

on the Tyropoeon, 178

Josiah, reforms of king, i. 17 n. 5, 18 n. 3, 25, 107

Jualamukhi in the Himalayas, perpetual fires, i. 192

Judah, laments for dead kings of, i. 20

Judean maid impregnated by serpent, i. 81

Julian, the emperor, his entrance into Antioch, i. 227, 258;

on the Mother of the Gods, 299 n. 3;

restores the standard cubit to the Serapeum, ii. 217 n. 1

Julian calendar introduced by Caesar, ii. 37, 93 n. 1

—— year, ii. 28

Juno, the Flaminica Dialis sacred to, ii. 230 n. 2;

the wife of Jupiter, 231

Junod, Henri A., on the worship of the dead among the Thonga, ii. 180 sq.

Juok, the supreme god and creator of the Shilluks, ii. 165

Jupiter, the husband of Juno, ii. 231;

the father of Fortuna Primigenia, 234

Jupiter and Juturna, ii. 235 n. 6

—— Dolichenus, i. 136

Justice and Injustice in Aristophanes, i. 209

Justin Martyr on the resemblances of paganism to Christianity, i. 302 n. 4

Juturna in Roman mythology, ii. 235 n. 6

Kabyles, marriage custom of the, to ensure the birth of a boy, ii. 262

Kadesh, a Semitic goddess, i. 137 n. 2

Kai of German New Guinea, their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 96 sq.

Kaikolans, a Tamil caste, i. 62

Kaitish of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99

Kalat el Hosn, in Syria, i. 78

Kalids, kaliths, deities in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204 n. 4, 207

Kalunga, the supreme god of the Ovambo, ii. 188

Kangra District, Punjaub, i. 94

Kantavu, a Fijian island, i. 201

Kanytelideis, in Cilicia, i. 158

Kara-Bel, in Lydia, Hittite sculpture at, i. 138 n., 185

Kariera tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 105

Karma-tree, ceremony of the Mundas over a, i. 240

Karo-Bataks, of Sumatra, their custom as to the first sheaf of rice at harvest, ii. 239

Karok Indians of California, their lamentations at hewing sacred wood, ii. 47 sq.

Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186, 187 n. 1

Katikiro, Baganda term for prime minister, ii. 168

Kayans, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 294 sq.

Keadrol, a Toda clan, ii. 228

Keb (Geb or Seb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, i. 6, 283 n. 3

Ḳedeshim, sacred men, i. 38 n., 59, 72, 76, 107;

at Jerusalem, 17 sq.;

in relation to prophets, 76

Ḳedeshoth, sacred women, i. 59, 72, 107

Kemosh, god of Moab, i. 15

Kennett, Professor R. H., on David and Goliath, i. 19 n. 2;

on Elisha in the wilderness, 53 n. 1;

on ḳedeshim, 73 n. 1;

on the sacrifice of first-born children at Jerusalem, ii. 219

Kent's Hole, near Torquay, fossil bones in, i. 153

Keysser, Ch., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 96 sq.

Khalij, old canal at Cairo, ii. 38

[pg 295]

Khangars of the Central Provinces, India, bridegroom and his father dressed as women at a marriage among the, ii. 261

Khasi tribes governed by kings, not queens, ii. 210

Khasis of Assam, their system of mother-kin, i. 46, ii. 202 sq.;

goddesses predominate over gods in their religion, 203 sq.;

rules as to the succession to the kingship among the, 210 n. 1

Khent, early king of Egypt, ii. 154;

his reign, 19 sq.;

his tomb at Abydos, 19 sqq.;

his tomb identified with that of Osiris, 20, 197

Khenti-Amenti, title of Osiris, ii. 87, 198 n. 2

Khoiak, festival of Osiris in the month of, ii. 86 sqq., 108 sq.

Khyrim State, in Assam, i. 46;

governed by a High Priestess, ii. 203

Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, a dead man, ii. 197;

his personal relics preserved at Cambridge, 197

Kidd, Dudley, on the worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantus of South Africa, ii. 177 sqq.

King, J. E., on infant burial, i. 91 n. 3

King, a masker at Carnival called the, ii. 99

—— of Tyre, his walk on stones of fire, i. 114 sq.;

of Uganda, his navel-string preserved and inspected every new moon, ii. 147 sq.

Kings as priests, i. 42;

as lovers of a goddess, 49 sq.;

held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183;

marry their sisters, 316;

slaughter human victims with their own hands, ii. 97 n. 7;

torn in pieces, traditions of, 97 sq.;

human sacrifices to prolong the life of, 220 sq., 223 sqq.

—— and magicians dismembered and their bodies buried in different parts of the country to fertilize it, ii. 101 sq.

——, dead, reincarnate in lions, i. 83 n. 1;

worshipped in Africa, 160 sqq.;

sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 sq.;

incarnate in animals, 162, 163 sq., 173;

consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;

human sacrifices to, 173;

worshipped by the Barotse, 194 sq.

——, divinity of Semitic, i. 15 sqq.;

divinity of Lydian, 182 sqq.

—— of Egypt worshipped as gods, i. 52;

buried at Abydos, ii. 19;

perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97 sq., 102;

as Osiris, 151 sqq.;

renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen Osiris, 153 sq.;

born again at the Sed festival, 153, 156 sq.;

perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, 154 sq., 156

Kings, Hebrew, traces of divinity ascribed to, i. 20 sqq.

——, Shilluk, put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163

—— of Sweden answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;

their sons sacrificed, 51

Kingship at Rome a plebeian institution, i. 45;

under mother-kin, rules as to succession to the, ii. 210 n. 1;

in Africa under mother-kin inherited by men, not women, 211

Kingsley, Miss Mary H., on secret burial of chief's head, ii. 104

Kinnor, a lyre, i. 52

Kirauea, volcano in Hawaii, i. 216 sq.;

divinities of, 217;

offerings to, 217 sqq.

Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands, annual festival of the dead in, i. 56;

snakes as reincarnations of the dead in, 84;

presentation of children to the full moon in, ii. 144

Kiwai, an island off New Guinea, magic for the growth of sago in, ii. 101

Kiziba, a district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, ii. 173 sq.;

totemism in, 173

Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130

Kocchs of North-Eastern India, succession to husband's property among the, ii. 215 n. 2

Kois of Southern India, infant burial among the, i. 95

Komatis of Mysore, their worship of serpents, i. 81 sq.

Koniags of Alaska, their magical uses of the bodies of the dead, ii. 106

Konkaus of California, their dance of the dead, ii. 53

Kosio, a dedicated person, i. 65, 66, 68

Kosti, in Thrace, carnival custom at, ii. 99 sq.

Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be widowers, ii. 230

Kretschmer, Professor P., on native population of Cyprus, i. 145 n. 3;

on Cybele and Attis, 287 n. 2

Krishna, Hindoo god, ii. 254

Kuar, an Indian month, ii. 144

Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, ii. 204 sqq.

Kuinda, Cilician fortress, i. 144 n. 1

[pg 296]

Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits among the, ii. 263

Kuklia, Old Paphos, i. 33, 36

Kundi in Cilicia, i. 144

Kupalo, figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, i. 250 sq.;

a deity of vegetation, 253

Kupole's festival at Midsummer in Prussia, i. 253

Labraunda in Caria, i. 182 n. 4

Labrys, Lydian word for axe, i. 182

Laconia, subject to earthquakes, i. 203 n. 2

Lactantius, on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85

Lagash in Babylonia, i. 35 n. 5

Lago di Naftia in Sicily, i. 221 n. 4

Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, i. 231

Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, ii. 54 n. 2

Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Lakor, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Lamas River in Cilicia, i. 149, 150

Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45;

of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, 43 sq.;

of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” 47;

of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, 47 sq.

Laments for Tammuz, i. 9 sq.;

for dead kings of Judah, 20;

for Osiris, ii. 12

Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

Lamps lighted to show the dead the way, ii. 51 sq.;

for the use of ghosts at the feast of All Souls, 72, 73

Lancashire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Landen, the battle of, i. 234

Lane, E. W., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31 n. 1

Lantana salvifolia, ii. 47

Lanterns, the feast of, in Japan, ii. 65

Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, ii. 87 n. 5

Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, i. 117

Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without cohabitation, i. 103

Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, i. 279

Latham, R. G., on succession to husband's property among the Kocchs, ii. 215 n. 2

Laurel, gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, i. 143;

in Greek purificatory rites, ii. 240 sq.

—— -bearing, a festival at Thebes, in Boeotia, ii. 241

Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, i. 187 n. 6

Leaping over Midsummer fires to make hemp or flax grow tall, i. 251

Leaves and flowers as talismans, ii. 242 sq.

Lebanon, the forests of Mount, i. 14;

Aphrodite of the, 30;

Baal of the, 32;

the charm of the, 235

Lech, a tributary of the Danube, ii. 70

Lechrain, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70 sq.

Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination, ii. 199

Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, ii. 249 sq.

Lehmann-Haupt, C. F., on the historical Semiramis, i. 177 n. 1

Lent, the Indian and Fijian, i. 90

Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, i. 305

Leonard, Major A. G., on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, ii. 222

Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, i. 23 sq.

Lepsius, R., his identification of Osiris with the sun, ii. 121 sq.

Leti, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, ii. 11

Letts, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 74 sq.

Lewis the Pious, institutes the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia, ii. 174

Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Lightning thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful chief, ii. 177 with n. 1;

no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, 177 n. 1;

“Lights of the dead” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, ii. 65

——, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 88

Lion, deity standing on a, i. 123 n. 2, 127;

the emblem of the Mother Goddess, 164;

as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, 182, 184;

carried round acropolis of Sardes, 184, ii. 249

—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, i. 139 sq.;

of Lydia, 184

—— -slaying god, statue of, i. 117

Lions, dead kings reincarnate in, i. 83 n. 1, ii. 163;

carved, at gate, i. 128;

as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, 137;

deities seated on, 162;

spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193

[pg 297]

Living parents, children of, in ritual, ii. 236 sqq.

Loeboes, a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls among the, ii. 264

Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, i. 227 n.

Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, ii. 248

Lovers, term applied to the Baalim, i. 75 n.

Low, Hugh, on Dyak treatment of heads of slain enemies, i. 295

Lua and Saturn, ii. 233

Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia, prayers to dead ancestors in, ii. 175 sq.

Lucian, on religious prostitution, i. 58;

on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 137 n. 2;

on the death of Peregrinus, 181;

on dispute between Hercules and Aesculapius, 209 sq.;

on the ascension of Adonis, 225 n. 3

Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima, ii. 190

Lunar sympathy, the doctrine of, ii. 140 sqq.

Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, ii. 224

Luritcha of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99

Lushais, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the, ii. 255 n. 1

Luxor, temples at, ii. 124

Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of mother-kin among the Khasis, ii. 202 sq.

Lycaonian plain, i. 123

Lycia, flowers in, i. 187 n. 6;

Mount Chimaera in, 221;

mother-kin in, ii. 212 sq.

Lycian language, question of its affinity, ii. 213 n. 1

—— men dressed as women in mourning, ii. 264

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, rent in pieces by horses, ii. 98, 99

Lycus, valley of the, i. 207

Lydia, prostitution of girls before marriage in, i. 38, 58;

the lion-god of, 184;

the Burnt Land of, 193 sq.;

traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259

Lydian kings, their divinity, i. 182 sqq.;

held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183

Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, i. 213 n. 4;

on volcanic phenomena in Syria and Palestine, 222 n. 1

Lyre as instrument of religious music, i. 52 sq., 54 sq.;

the instrument of Apollo, 288

Lysimachus scatters the bones of the kings of Epirus, ii. 104

Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, i. 39, 265 n. 1

Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, i. 109 n. 1

Macdonald, Rev. James, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, ii. 176

Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, ii. 154

McLennan, J. F., on brother and sister marriages, i. 44 n. 2, ii. 216 n. 1

Macrobius, on the mourning Aphrodite, i. 30;

on the Egyptian year, ii. 28 n. 3;

on Osiris as a sun-god, 121;

his solar theory of the gods, 121, 128;

on the influence of the moon, 132

Madagascar, vicarious sacrifice for a king in, ii. 221;

men dressed as women in, 254

Madonna and Isis, ii. 119

Maeander, the valley of the, subject to earthquakes, i. 194;

sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of the, 205, 206

Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, i. 200

Magarsus in Cilicia, i. 169 n. 3

Magic and religion, combination of, i. 4

Magical ceremonies for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 sqq.

—— dramas for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 sq.

—— uses made of the bodies of the dead, ii. 100 sqq.

Magnesia, on the Maeander, worship of Zeus at, ii. 238

Mahadeo and Parvati, Indian deities, i. 242, 251

Mahadeva, Indian god, i. 241

Mahdi, an ancient, i. 74

Mahratta, dancing-girls in, i. 62

Maia or Majestas, the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232 sq.

Maiau, hero in form of crocodile, i. 139 n. 1

Maiden, the (Persephone), the descent of, ii. 41

Malagasy use of children of living parents in ritual, ii. 247

Malay Peninsula, the Mentras or Mantras of the, ii. 140

Mallus in Cilicia, deities on coins of, i. 165 sq.

Malta, bilingual inscription of, i. 16;

Phoenician temples of, 35

Mamre, sacred oak or terebinth at, i. 37 n. 2

Mandingoes of Senegambia, their attention to the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Maneros, chant of Egyptian reapers, ii. 45, 46

Manes, first king of Lydia, i. 186 n. 5

Manetho, on the Egyptian burnt-sacrifice of red-haired men, ii. 97;

on Isis as [pg 298] the discoverer of corn, 116;

quoted by Diodorus Siculus, 120

Manichaeans, their theory of earthquakes, i. 197

Manichaeus, the heretic, his death, i. 294 n. 3

Manipur, the Tangkul Nagas of, ii. 57 sq.

Mantinea, Poseidon worshipped at, i. 203 n. 2

Maori priest catches the soul of a tree, ii. 111 n. 1

Marash, Hittite monuments at, i. 173

March, festival of Attis in, i. 267

——, the twenty-fifth of, tradition that Christ was crucified on, i. 306

Marduk, human wives of, at Babylon, i. 71

Mariette-Pacha, A., on the burial of Osiris, ii. 89 n.

Marigolds used to adorn tombstones on All Souls' Day, ii. 71

Marks, bodily, of prophets, i. 74

Marriage as an infringement of old communal rights, i. 40;

of the Sun and Earth, 47 sq.;

of women to serpent-god, 66 sqq.;

of Adonis and Aphrodite celebrated at Alexandria, 224;

of Sky and Earth, 282 with n. 2;

of the Roman gods, ii. 230 sqq.;

exchange of dress between men and women at, 260 sqq.

——, sacred, of priest and priestess as representatives of deities, i. 46 sqq.;

represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140;

in Cos, ii. 259 n. 4

—— customs of the Aryan family, ii. 235;

use of children of living parents in, 245 sqq.;

to ensure the birth of boys, 262

Marriages of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, ii. 214 sqq.;

their intention to keep the property in the family, 215 sq.

Mars, the father of Romulus and Remus, ii. 235

—— and Bellona, ii. 231

—— and Nerio, ii. 232

Marsala in Sicily, Midsummer customs at, i. 247

Marseilles, Midsummer custom at, i. 248 sq.

Marshall, Mr. A. S. F., on the felling of timber in Mexico, ii. 136 n. 3

Marsyas, his musical contest with Apollo and his death, i. 288 sq.;

perhaps a double of Attis, 289

—— and Apollo, i. 55

——, the river, i. 289

Martin, M., on the cutting of peat in the Hebrides, ii. 138

Masai, of East Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 84;

their ceremonies at the new moon, ii. 142 sq.

—— boys wear female costume at circumcision, ii. 263

—— rule as to the choice of a chief, ii. 248

Masnes, a giant, i. 186

Masoka, the spirits of the dead, ii. 188 sq.

Maspero, Sir Gaston, edits the Pyramid Texts, ii. 4 n. 1;

on the nature of Osiris, 126 n. 2

Masquerade at the Carnival in Thrace, ii. 99 sq.

Masquerades at festivals of the dead, ii. 53

Massacres for sick kings of Uganda, ii. 226

Massaya, volcano in Nicaragua, human victims sacrificed to, i. 219

Massebah (plural masseboth), sacred stone or pillar, i. 107, 108

Maternal uncle in marriage ceremonies in India, i. 62 n. 1

Maternity and paternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233 sqq.

“Matriarchate,” i. 46

Maui, Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 n.

Maundrell, H., on the discoloration of the river Adonis, i. 225 n. 4

Maury, A., on the Easter ceremonies compared with those of Adonis, i. 257 n. 1

Maximus Tyrius, on conical image at Paphos, i. 35 n.

May, modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 n. 1

—— Day, ceremony at Meiron in Galilee on the eve of, i. 178

—— -pole or Midsummer-tree in Sweden and Bohemia, i. 250

Medea and her magic cauldron, i. 180 sq.

Medicine-men of Zulus, i. 74 n. 4;

of Wiimbaio, 75 n. 4

Mefitis, Italian goddess of mephitic vapours, i. 204, 205

Megalopolis, battle of gods and giants in plain of, i. 157

Megassares, king of Hyria, i. 41

Meiners, C., on purification by blood, i. 299 n. 2

Meiron, in Galilee, burnings for dead Jewish Rabbis at, i. 178 sq.

Mela's description of the Corycian cave, i. 155 n., 156

Melanesia, belief in conception without sexual intercourse in, i. 97 sq.

Melanesian magicians buried secretly, ii. 105

[pg 299]

Melanesians, mother-kin among the, ii. 211;

of New Britain, their use of flowers and leaves as talismans, 242 sq.

Melcarth, the god of Tyre, identified with Hercules, i. 16, 111;

worshipped at Amathus in Cyprus, 32, 117;

the burning of, 110 sqq.;

worshipped at Gades, 112 sq., ii. 258 n. 5

Melchizedek, king of Salem, i. 17

Melech and Moloch, ii. 219 sq.

Meles, king of Lydia, banished because of a dearth, i. 183;

causes lion to be carried round acropolis, 184

Melicertes, a form of Melcarth, i. 113

Melite in Phthia, i. 291

Melito on the father of Adonis, i. 13 n. 2

Memnonium at Thebes, ii. 35 n.

Memorial stones, ii. 203

Memphis, head of Osiris at, ii. 11;

oath of the kings of Egypt at, 24;

festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;

Apis the sacred bull of, 119 n.;

the sanctuary of Serapis at, 119 n.

Men, make gods, ii. 211;

dressed as women at marriage, 262 sqq.;

dressed as women to deceive dangerous spirits, 262 sq.;

dressed as women at circumcision, 263

—— and women inspired by the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 sq.

—— “of God,” prophets, i. 76

Men Tyrannus, Phrygian moon-god, i. 284;

custom as to pollution of death at his shrine, ii. 227

Mentras or Mantras of the Malay Peninsula, their tradition as to primitive man, ii. 140

Mephitic vapours, worship of, i. 203 sqq.

Mercurial temperament of merchants and sailors, ii. 218

Mesha, king of Moab, i. 15;

sacrifices his first-born, 110

Messiah, “the Anointed One,” i. 21

Meteor as signal for festival, i. 259

Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, i. 41

Methide plant growing over grave of Osiris, ii. 111

Mexican calendar, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28 n. 3

Mexicans, their human sacrifices for the maize, ii. 107

Mexico, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136

Meyer, Professor Eduard, on prophecy in Canaan, i. 75 n. 5;

on the Hittite language, 125 n.;

on costume of Hittite priest or king, 133 n., 141 n. 1;

on the rock-hewn sculptures of Boghaz-Keui, 133 n.;

on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18 n. 3;

on the hawk as an Egyptian emblem, 22 n. 1;

on the date of the introduction of the Egyptian calendar, 36 n. 2;

on the nature of Osiris, 126 n. 2;

on the relation of Byblus to Egypt, 127 n. 1;

on the Lycian language, 213 n. 1

Michael Angelo, the Pietà of, i. 257

Michaelmas, 29th September, ii. 74

Midas, the tomb of, i. 286

—— and Gordias, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286

Midsummer, old heathen festival of, in Europe and the East, i. 249 sq.;

divination at, 252 sq.

—— bathing, pagan origin of the custom, i. 249

—— Bride and Bridegroom in Sweden, i. 251

—— Day or Eve, custom of bathing on, i. 246 sqq.

—— fires and couples in relation to vegetation, i. 250 sq.;

leaping over the fires to make flax or hemp grow tall, 251

Milcom, the god of Ammon, i. 19

Milk, serpents fed with, i. 84 sqq., 87;

offered at graves, 87

Mill, women mourning for Tammuz eat nothing ground in a mill, i. 230

Milne, Mrs. Leslie, on the Shans, ii. 136

Milton on the laments for Tammuz, i. 226 n.

Minoan age of Greece, i. 34

Minucius Felix on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85 n. 3

Miraculous births of gods and heroes, i. 107

“Mistress of Turquoise,” goddess at Sinai, i. 35

Mitani, ancient people of Northern Mesopotamia, i. 135 n.

Mithra, Persian deity, popularity of his worship in the Roman Empire, i. 301 sq.;

identified with the Unconquered Sun, 304

Mithraic religion a rival to Christianity, i. 302;

festival of Christmas borrowed from it, 302 sqq.

Miztecs of Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54 sq.

Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull, ii. 11

Moa, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Moab, Mesha, king of, i. 15;

the wilderness of, 52 sq.;

the springs of Callirrhoe in, 214 sqq.

——, Arabs of, their custom at harvest, ii. 48, 96;

their remedies for ailments, 242

Moabite stone, the inscription on the, i. 15 n. 3, 20 n. 2, 163 n. 3

[pg 300]

Moabites burn the bones of the kings of Edom, ii. 104

Models in cardboard offered to the dead instead of the things themselves, ii. 63 sq.

Mohammedan peoples of North Africa, their custom of bathing at Midsummer, i. 249

—— saints as givers of children, i. 78 n. 2

Mohammedanism, ii. 160

Mohammedans of Oude, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144

Moire, sister of Tylon, i. 186

Moloch, meaning of the name, i. 15;

sacrifices of first-born children to, 178;

the king, ii. 219 sqq.

—— and Melech, ii. 219 sq.

Mommsen, Th., on the date of the festival of Osiris at Rome, ii. 95 n. 1

Mongols, funeral customs of the, i. 293

Monmouthshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Monomotapa, a Caffre king, his way of prolonging his life, ii. 222 sq.

Montanists, their view as to the date of Creation, i. 307 n. 2

Months, the Egyptian, table of, ii. 37 n.

Moon, human victims sacrificed to the, i. 73;

albinoes thought to be the offspring of the, 91;

popularly regarded as the cause of growth and decay, ii. 132, 138;

practical rules based on a theory of the influence of the, 132 sqq., 140 sqq.;

popularly regarded as the source of moisture, 137 sq.;

worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical America, 138 sq.;

viewed as the husband of the sun, 139 n.;

Athenian superstition as to an eclipse of the, 141;

children presented to the, 144 sqq.;

thought to have a harmful influence on children, 148

——, the new, ceremonies at, ii. 141 sqq.;

dances at, 142;

custom of showing money to, or turning it in the pocket, 148 sq.

——, the waning, theories to explain, ii. 130;

thought to be broken or eaten up, 130

—— Being of the Omahas, ii. 256

——, the infant god, ii. 131, 153

—— -god conceived as masculine, i. 73;

inspiration by the, 73;

in ancient Babylonia, ii. 138 sq.

Moonshine drunk as a medicine in India, ii. 144;

thought to be beneficial to children, ii. 144

Móooi, Tongan god who causes earthquakes, i. 201

Moore, G. F., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219 n. 1

Moravia, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73

Moret, Alexandre, on Amenophis IV., ii. 123 n. 1;

on the Sed festival, 155 sq.

Mori, a district of Central Celebes, belief of the natives as to a spirit in the moon, ii. 139 n.

Moriah, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Zion, ii. 219 n. 1

Morning Star, appearance of, perhaps the signal for the festival of Adonis, i. 258 sq.

Morocco, custom of prostitution in an Arab tribe in, i. 39 n. 3

Morrison, Rev. C. W., on belief of Australian aborigines as to childbirth, i. 103 n. 3

Mostene in Lydia, double-headed axe at, i. 183 n.

Mota, belief as to conception in women in, i. 97 sq.

“Mother” and “Father” as epithets applied to Roman goddesses and gods, ii. 233 sqq.

——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 185

—— Earth, festival in her honour in Bengal, i. 90;

fertilized by Father Sky, myth of, 282

—— Goddess of Western Asia, sacred prostitution in the worship of the, i. 36;

lions as her emblems, 137, 164;

her eunuch priests, 206;

of Phrygia conceived as a Virgin Mother, 281

—— -kin, succession in royal houses with, i. 44;

trace of, at Rome and Nemi, 45;

among the Khasis of Assam, 46, ii. 202 sqq.;

among the Hittites, traces of, i. 141 sq.;

and Mother Goddesses, ii. 201 sqq., 212 sqq.;

and father-kin, 202, 261 n. 3;

favours the superiority of goddesses over gods in religion, 202 sqq., 211 sq.;

its influence on religion, 202 sqq.;

among the Pelew Islanders, 204 sqq.;

does not imply that government is in the hands of women, 208 sqq.;

among the Melanesians, 211;

in Africa, 211;

in Lycia, 212 sq.;

in ancient Egypt, 213 sqq.;

traces of, in Lydia and Cos, 259;

favours the development of goddesses, 259.

See also Female kinship

—— of a god, i. 51, 52

—— of the gods, first-fruits offered to the, i. 280 n. 1;

popularity of her worship in the Roman Empire, 298 sq.

—— Plastene on Mount Sipylus, i. 185

“Mother's Air,” a tune on the flute, i. 288

[pg 301]

“Mothers of the Clan” in the Pelew Islands, ii. 205, 206

Motlav, belief as to conception in women in, i. 98

Mournful character of the rites of sowing, ii. 40 sqq.

Mourning for Attis, i. 272;

for the corn-god at midsummer, ii. 34

—— costume of men in Lycia, ii. 264;

perhaps a mode of deceiving the ghost, 264

Mouth of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15

Moylar, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63

Mpongwe kings of the Gaboon, buried secretly, ii. 104

Mugema, the earl of Busiro, ii. 168

Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, probably a dead man, ii. 196 sq.;

gives oracles through a woman, 257

Mukuru, an ancestor (plural Ovakuru, ancestors), ii. 185 sq.

Müller, Professor W. Max, on Hittite name for god, i. 148 n.

Mundas of Bengal, gardens of Adonis among the, i. 240

Mungarai, Australian tribe, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 101

Murder of children to secure their rebirth in barren women, i. 95

Murli, female devotee, i. 62

Music as a means of prophetic inspiration, i. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74;

in exorcism, 54 sq.;

and religion, 53 sq.

Musquakie Indians, infant burial among the, i. 91 n. 3

Mutilation of dead bodies of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103 sqq.;

to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, 188

Mycenae, royal graves at, i. 33, 34

Mycenaean age of Greece, i. 34

Mylasa in Caria, i. 182 n. 4

Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, sacred prostitution in her worship, i. 36, 37 n. 1

Myrrh or Myrrha, the mother of Adonis, i. 43, 227 sq.

—— -tree, Adonis born of a, i. 227, ii. 110

Mysore, sacred women in, i. 62 n.;

the Komatis of, 81 sq.

Mysteries of Sabazius, i. 90 n. 4;

of Attis, 274 sq.

Myth and ritual of Attis, i. 263 sqq.

Myths supposed to originate in verbal misapprehensions or a disease of language, ii. 42

——, Italian, of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Naaburg, in Bavaria, custom at sowing at, i. 239

“Naaman, wounds of the,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226

Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, i. 174

Naga, serpent god, i. 81

Naga-padoha, the agent of earthquakes, i. 200

Nahanarvals, a German tribe, priest dressed as a woman among the, ii. 259

Nahr Ibrahim, the river Adonis, i. 14, 28

Namal tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 105

Names, royal, signifying relation to deity, i. 15 sqq.;

Semitic personal, indicating relationship to a deity, 51;

Hebrew, ending in -el or -iah, 79 n. 3

Nana, the mother of Attis, i. 263, 269, 281

Nandi, the, of British East Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85;

their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, ii. 47;

boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among the, 263

Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, i. 81 sq.

Naples, grotto del cani at, i. 205 n. 1;

custom of bathing on St. John's Eve at, 246

Narmer, the mace of, ii. 154

National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic conditions, ii. 217

Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, i. 303 sqq.

Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, ii. 25

Nature of Osiris, ii. 96 sqq.

Navel-string of the king of Uganda preserved and inspected every new moon, ii. 147 sq.

Navel-strings of dead kings of Uganda preserved, ii. 167, 168, 171;

ghosts of afterbirths thought to adhere to, 169 sq.;

preserved by the Baganda as their twins and as containing the ghosts of their afterbirths, 169 sq.

Ndjambi, Njambi, Njame, Zambi, Nyambe, etc., name of the supreme god among various tribes of Africa, ii. 186, with note 5

—— Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186

Nebseni, the papyrus of, ii. 112

Neith or Net, an Egyptian goddess, i. 282 n., ii. 51 n. 1

Nekht, the papyrus of, ii. 112

[pg 302]

Nemi, Dianus and Diana at, i. 45

Nephthys, Egyptian goddess, sister of Osiris and Isis, ii. 6;

mourns Osiris, 12

Neptune and Salacia, ii. 231, 233

Nerio and Mars, ii. 232

New birth through blood in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.;

savage theory of, 299;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 sq.

—— Britain, theory of earthquakes in, i. 201

—— Guinea, German, the Kai of, i. 96;

the Tami of, 198

—— Mexico, the Pueblo Indians of, ii. 54

—— moon, ceremonies at the, ii. 141 sqq.

—— World, bathing on St. John's Day in the, i. 249;

All Souls' Day in the, ii. 80

—— Year's Day, festival of the dead on, ii. 53, 55, 62, 65

—— Zealand, Rotomahana in, i. 207, 209 n.

Newberry, Professor P. E., on Osiris as a cedar-tree god, ii. 109 n. 1

Newman, J. H., on music, i. 53 sq.

Ngai, God, i. 68

Ngoni, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82

Nguruhi, the supreme god of the Wahehe, ii. 188 sq.

Niambe, the supreme god of the Barotse, ii. 193

Nias, conduct of the natives of, in an earthquake, i. 201 sq.;

head-hunting in, 296 n. 1

Nicaragua, Indians of, sacrifice human victims to volcanoes, i. 219

Nietzold, J., on the marriage of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, ii. 216 n. 1

Nigmann, E., on the religion of the Wahehe, ii. 188 sq.

Nikunau, one of the Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in, i. 108 n. 1

Nile, the rise and fall of the, ii. 30 sqq.;

rises at the summer solstice in June, 31 n. 1, 33;

commanded by the King of Egypt to rise, 33;

thought to be swollen by the tears of Isis, 33;

gold and silver thrown into the river at its rising, 40;

the rise of, attributed to Serapis, 216 sq.

——, the “Bride” of the, ii. 38

Nilsson, Professor M. P., on custom of sacred prostitution, i. 37 n. 2, 57 n. 1, 58 n. 2;

on the sacrifice of a bull to Zeus, ii. 239 n. 1

Nineveh, the end of, i. 174

Njamus, the, of British East Africa, their sacrifices at irrigation channels, ii. 38 sq.

Normandy, rolling in dew on St. John's Day in, i. 248

Northern Territory, Australia, beliefs as to the birth of children in the, i. 103 sq.

Nottinghamshire, harvest custom in, i. 238 n.

November, festivals of the dead in, ii. 51, 54, 69 sqq.;

the month of sowing in Egypt, 94

Novitiate of priests and priestesses, i. 66, 68

Nullakun tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 101

Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, i. 283 n. 3, ii. 6, 16;

in a sycamore tree, 110

Nutlets of pines used as food, i. 278 n. 2

Nutritive and vicarious types of sacrifice, ii. 226

Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, worshipped as the god of his people, ii. 162 sqq.;

incarnate in various animals, 163 sq.;

his mysterious disappearance, 163;

his graves, 163, 166;

historical reality of, 164, 166 sq.;

his relation to the creator Juok, 164 sq.;

compared to Osiris, 167

Nymphs of the Fair Crowns at Olympia, ii. 240

Nysa, in the valley of the Maeander, i. 205, 206 n. 1;

sacrifice of bull at, 292 n. 3

Nyuak, L., on guardian spirits of Sea Dyaks, i. 83

Oak or terebinth, sacred at Mamre, i. 37 n. 2

Oath of Egyptian kings not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 26

Obelisk, image of Astarte, i. 14

Obelisks, sacred, at Gezer, i. 108

Obscene images of Osiris, ii. 112

Octennial cycle, old, in Greece, ii. 242 n.

October, the first of, a great Saxon festival, ii. 81 n. 3

Odilo, abbot of Clugny, institutes feast of All Souls, ii. 82

Odin, hanged on a tree, i. 290;

human victims dedicated by hanging to, 290;

king's sons sacrificed to, ii. 220

Oenomaus, king of Pisa, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 n. 1

Oeta, Mount, Hercules burnt on, i. 111, 116, 211

Offerings to dead kings, ii. 194

Oil, holy, poured on king's head, i. 21;

[pg 303]

poured on sacred stones, 36;

as vehicle of inspiration, 74

Olba, priestly kings of, i. 143 sqq., 161;

the name of, 148;

the ruins of, 151 sq.

Old Woman of the corn, mythical being of the Cherokee Indians, ii. 46 sq.

Olive of the Fair Crown at Olympia, ii. 240

—— -branches carried in procession and hung over doors at Athens, ii. 238

Olo Ngadjoe, the, of Borneo, i. 91

Olonets, Russian Government of, festival of the dead in, ii. 75

Olympia, the quack Peregrinus burns himself at, i. 181;

the cutting of the olive-branches to form the victors' crowns at, ii. 240

Olympic festival based on an octennial cycle, ii. 242 n. 1

Olympus, Mount, in Cyprus, i. 32

Omahas, Indian tribe of North America, effeminate men among the, ii. 255 sq.

Omonga, a rice-spirit who lives in the moon, ii. 139 n.

Omphale and Hercules, i. 182, ii. 258

On, King of Sweden. See Aun.

Oodeypoor, in Rajputana, gardens of Adonis at, i. 241 sq.

Opening the eyes and mouth of the dead, Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15

Operations of husbandry regulated by observation of the moon, ii. 133 sqq.

Ops, the wife of Saturn, ii. 233;

in relation to Consus, 233 n. 6

Oracles given by the spirits of dead kings, ii. 167, 171, 172

Oraons of Bengal, their annual marriage of the Sun and Earth, i. 46 sqq.;

gardens of Adonis among the, 240;

their annual festival of the dead, ii. 59

Orcus, Roman god of the lower world, his marriage celebrated by the pontiffs, ii. 231

Ordeal of chastity, i. 115 n. 2

Orestes at Castabala, i. 115

Orgiastic rites of Cybele, i. 278

Oriental mind untrammelled by logic, i. 4 n. 1

—— religions in the West, i. 298 sqq.;

their influence in undermining ancient civilization, 299 sqq.;

importance attached to the salvation of the individual soul in, 300

Origen, on the refusal of Christians to fight, i. 301 n. 1

Origin of Osiris, ii. 158 sqq.

Orion, appearance of the constellation, a signal for sowing, i. 290 sq.

Orpheus, prophet and musician, i. 55;

the legend of his death, ii. 99

Orwell in Cambridgeshire, harvest custom at, i. 237 n. 4

Oschophoria, vintage festival at Athens, ii. 258 n. 6

Osirian mysteries, the hall of the, at Abydos, ii. 108

Osiris identified with Adonis and Attis, i. 32, ii. 127 n.;

myth of, ii. 3 sqq.;

his birth, 6;

introduces the cultivation of corn and the vine, 7, 97, 112;

his violent death, 7 sq.;

at Byblus, 9 sq., 22 sq., 127;

his body rent in pieces, 10;

the graves of, 10 sq.;

his dead body sought and found by Isis, 10, 50, 85;

tradition as to his genital organs, 10, 102;

mourned by Isis and Nephthys, 12;

invited to come to his house, 12, 47;

restored to life by Isis, 13;

king and judge of the dead, 13 sq.;

his body the first mummy, 15;

the funeral rites performed over his body the model of all funeral rites in Egypt, 15;

all the Egyptian dead identified with, 16;

his trial and acquittal in the court of the gods, 17;

represented in art as a royal mummy, 18;

specially associated with Busiris and Abydos, 18;

his tomb at Abydos, 18 sq., 197 sq.;

official festivals of, 49 sqq.;

his sufferings displayed in a mystery at night, 50;

his festival in the month of Athyr, 84 sqq.;

dramatic representation of his resurrection in his rites, 85;

his images made of vegetable mould, 85, 87, 90 sq., 91;

the funeral rites of, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86 sqq.;

his festival in the month of Khoiak, 86 sqq., 108 sq.;

his “garden,” 87 sq.;

ploughing and sowing in the rites of, 87, 90, 96;

the burial of, in his rites, 88;

the holy sepulchre of, under Persea-trees, 88;

represented with corn sprouting from his dead body, 89;

his resurrection depicted on the monuments, 89 sq.;

as a corn-god, 89 sqq., 96 sqq.;

corn-stuffed effigies of, buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, 90 sq., 114;

date of the celebration of his resurrection at Rome, 95 n. 1;

the nature of, 96 sqq.;

his severed limbs placed on a corn-sieve, 97;

human victims sacrificed by kings at the grave of, 97;

suggested explanations of his dismemberment, 97;

sometimes explained by the ancients as a personification of the corn, 107;

as a tree-spirit, 107 sqq.;

his image made out of a pine-tree, 108;

his emblems the crook and scourge or flail, 108, 153, compare 20;

his backbone represented by the ded pillar, 108 sq.;

[pg 304]

interpreted as a cedar-tree god, 109 n. 1;

his soul in a bird, 110;

represented as a mummy enclosed in a tree, 110, 111;

obscene images of, 112;

as a god of fertility, 112 sq.;

identified with Dionysus, 113, 126 n. 3;

a god of the dead, 113 sq.;

universal popularity of his worship, 114;

interpreted by some as the sun, 120 sqq., reasons for rejecting this interpretation, 122 sqq.;

his death and resurrection interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126 sqq.;

his body broken into fourteen parts, 129;

interpreted as the moon by some of the ancients, 129;

reigned twenty-eight years, 129;

his soul thought to be imaged in the sacred bull Apis, 130;

identified with the moon in hymns, 131;

represented wearing on his head a full moon within a crescent, 131;

distinction of his myth and worship from those of Adonis and Attis, 158 sq.;

his dominant position in Egyptian religion, 158 sq.;

the origin of, 158 sqq.;

his historical reality asserted in recent years, 160 n. 1;

his temple at Abydos, 198;

his title Khenti-Amenti, 198 n. 2;

compared to Charlemagne, 199;

the question of his historical reality left open, 199 sq.;

his death still mourned in the time of Athanasius, 217;

his old type better preserved than those of Adonis and Attis, 218

Osiris, Adonis, Attis, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

—— and Adonis, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

—— and Dionysus, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

—— and the moon, ii. 129 sqq.

“—— of the mysteries,” ii. 89

—— -Sep, title of Osiris, ii. 87

Ostrich-feather, king of Egypt supposed to ascend to heaven on an, ii. 154, 155

Otho, the emperor, addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118 n. 1

Oulad Abdi, Arab tribe of Morocco, i. 39 n. 3

Oura, ancient name of Olba, i. 148, 152

Ourwira, theory of earthquakes in, i. 199

Ovambo, the, of German South-West Africa, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 142;

the worship of the dead among the, 188

Ovid, on the story of Pygmalion, i. 49 n. 4

Owl regarded as the guardian spirit of a tree, ii. 111 n. 1

Ox substituted for human victim in sacrifice, i. 146;

embodying corn-spirit sacrificed at Athens, 296 sq.;

black, used in purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 sq.

Ozieri, in Sardinia, St. John's festival at, i. 244

Pacasmayu, the temple of the moon at, ii. 138

Padmavati, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Pagan origin of the Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 sq.

Paganism and Christianity, their resemblances explained as diabolic counterfeits, i. 302, 309 sq.

Παῖς ἀμφιθαλής, a boy whose parents are both alive, ii. 236 n. 2

Palatinate, the Upper, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 72

Palestine, religious prostitution in, i. 58;

date of the corn-reaping in, 232 n.

Palestinian Aphrodite, i. 304 n.

Palestrina, the harmonies of, i. 54

Pampa del Sacramento, Peru, earthquakes in, i. 198

Pampas, bones of extinct animals in the, i. 158

Pamyles, an Egyptian, ii. 6

Pandharpur, in the Bombay Presidency, i. 243

Panaghia Aphroditessa at Paphos, i. 36

Panku, a being who causes earthquakes, i. 198

Papas, a name for Attis, i. 281, 282

Paphlagonian belief that the god is bound fast in winter, ii. 41

Paphos in Cyprus, i. 32 sqq.;

sanctuary of Aphrodite at, 32 sqq.;

founded by Cinyras, 41

Papyrus of Nebseni, ii. 112;

of Nekht, 112

—— swamps, Isis in the, ii. 8

Parilia and the festival of St. George, i. 308

Parr, Thomas, i. 56

Parvati or Isa, an Indian goddess, i. 241, 242

Pasicyprus, king of Citium, i. 50 n. 2

Patagonia, funeral customs of Indians of, i. 294

Patagonians, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 254

Paternity, primitive ignorance of, i. 106 sq.;

unknown in primitive savagery, 282

—— and maternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233 sqq.

Paton, W. R., on modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 n. 1

Patrae, Laphrian Artemis at, i. 126 n. 2

[pg 305]

Pausanias on the necklace of Harmonia, i. 32 n. 2;

on bones of superhuman size, 157 n. 2;

on offerings to Etna, 221 n. 4;

on the Hanged Artemis, 291 n. 2

Payne, E. J., on the origin of moon-worship, ii. 138 n. 2

Pegasus and Bellerophon, i. 302 n. 4

Pegu, dance of hermaphrodites in, i. 271 n.

Peking, Ibn Batuta at, i. 289

Pélé, goddess of the volcano Kilauea in Hawaii, i. 217 sqq.

Pelew Islanders, their system of mother-kin, ii. 204 sqq.;

predominance of goddesses over gods among them, 204 sqq.;

customs of the, 253 sqq.

—— Islands and the ancient East, parallel between, ii. 208;

prostitution of unmarried girls in, 264 sq.;

custom of slaying chiefs in the, 266 sqq.

Pelion, Mount, sacrifices offered on the top of, at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36 n.

Peloponnese, worship of Poseidon in, i. 203

Pelops restored to life, i. 181

Peneus, the river, at Tempe, ii. 240

Pennefather River in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, i. 103

Pentheus, king of Thebes, rent in pieces by Bacchanals, ii. 98

Peoples of the Aryan stock, annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67 sqq.

Pepi the First, ii. 5;

his pyramid, 4 n. 1

Perasia, Artemis, at Castabala, i. 167 sqq.

Peregrinus, his death in the fire, i. 181

Perga in Pamphylia, Artemis at, i. 35

Periander, tyrant of Corinth, his burnt sacrifice to his dead wife, i. 179

Perigord, rolling in dew on St. John's Day in, i. 248

Peritius, month of, i. 111

Perpetual holy fire in temples of dead kings, ii. 174

—— fires worshipped, i. 191 sqq.

Perrot, G., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 138 n.

Persea-trees in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87 n. 5;

growing over the tomb of Osiris, 88

Persephone, name applied to spring, ii. 41

—— and Aphrodite, their contest for Adonis, i. 11 sq.

—— and Pluto, temple of, i. 205

Perseus, the virgin birth of, i. 302 n. 4

Persian reverence for fire, i. 174 sq.

—— festival of the dead, ii. 68

Persian fire-worship and priests, 191

Personation of gods by priests, i. 45, 46 sqq.

Peru, earthquakes in, i. 202;

sacrifice of sons in, ii. 220 n. 4

Peruvian Indians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Pescara River, in the Abruzzi, i. 246

Pescina in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Pessinus, image of Cybele at, i. 35 n. 3;

priests called Attis at, 140;

local legend of Attis at, 264;

image of the Mother of the Gods at, 265;

people of, abstain from swine, 265;

high-priest of Cybele at, 285

Petrarch at Cologne on St. John's Eve, i. 247 sq.

Petrie, Professor W. M. Flinders, on the date of the corn-reaping in Egypt and Palestine, i. 231 n. 3;

on the Sed festival, ii. 151 n. 3, 152 n. 3, 154 sq.;

on the marriage of brothers with sisters in Egypt, 216 n. 1

Petrified cascades of Hierapolis, i. 207

Petroff, Ivan, on a custom of the Koniags of Alaska, ii. 106

Phamenoth, an Egyptian month, ii. 49 n. 1, 130

Phaophi, an Egyptian month, ii. 49 n. 1, 94

Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, i. 41

Phatrabot, a Cambodian month, ii. 61

Phidias, his influence on Greek religion, i. 54 n. 1

Philadelphia, subject to earthquakes, i. 194 sq.

Philae, Egyptian relief at, ii. 50 n. 5;

mystic representation of Osiris in the temple of Isis at, 89;

sculptures in the temple of Isis at, 111;

the grave of Osiris at, 111;

the dead Osiris in the sculptures at, 112

Philo of Alexandria on the date of the corn-reaping, i. 231 n. 3

Philocalus, calendar of, i. 303 n. 2, 304 n. 3, 307 n., ii. 95 n. 1

Philosophy, school of, at Tarsus, i. 118

Philostephanus, Greek historian, i. 49 n. 4

Phoenician temples in Malta, i. 35;

sacred prostitution in, 37

—— kings in Cyprus, i. 49

Phoenicians in Cyprus, i. 31 sq.

Phrygia, Attis a deity of, i. 263;

festival of Cybele in, 274 n.;

indigenous race of, 287

Phrygian belief that the god sleeps in winter, ii. 41

—— cap of Attis, i. 279

—— cosmogony, i. 263 sq.

—— kings named Midas and Gordias, i. 286

[pg 306]

Phrygian moon-god, i. 73

—— priests named Attis, i. 285, 287

Phrygians, invaders from Europe, i. 287

Pietà of Michael Angelo, i. 257

Pig's blood used in exorcism and purification, i. 299 n. 2

Pigs sacrificed annually to the moon and Osiris, ii. 131.

See also Swine

Pillars as a religious emblem, i. 34;

sacred, in Crete, 107 n. 2

Pindar on the music of the lyre, i. 55;

on Typhon, 156

Pine-cones symbols of fertility, i. 278;

thrown into vaults of Demeter, 278;

on the monuments of Osiris, ii. 110

—— seeds or nutlets used as food, i. 278

—— -tree in the myth and ritual of Attis, i. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 sq., 285, ii. 98 n. 5

Marsyas hung on a, i. 288;

in relation to human sacrifices, ii. 98 n. 5;

Pentheus on the, 98 n. 5;

in the rites of Osiris, 108

Pipiles of Central America expose their seeds to moonlight, ii. 135

Piraeus, processions in honour of Adonis at, i. 227 n.

Pirates, the Cilician, i. 149 sq.

Pitr Pāk, the Fortnight of the Manes, ii. 60

Pitrè, G., on Good Friday ceremonies in Sicily, i. 255 sq.

Placenta, Egyptian standard resembling a, ii. 156 n. 1

See also Afterbirth.

Placianian Mother, a form of Cybele, worshipped at Cyzicus, i. 274 n.

Plastene, Mother, on Mount Sipylus, i. 185

Plato, on gardens of Adonis, i. 236 n. 1

Plautus on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Pleiades worshipped by the Abipones, i. 258 n. 2;

the setting of, the time of sowing, ii. 41

Pliny, on the date of harvest in Egypt, ii. 32 n. 2;

on the influence of the moon, 132;

on the grafting of trees, 133 n. 3;

on the time for felling timber, 136 n.

Plotinus, the death of, i. 87

Ploughing, Prussian custom at, i. 238;

and sowing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87

Ploughmen and sowers drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 sq.

Plutarch on the double-headed axe of Zeus Labrandeus, i. 182;

on the myth of Osiris, ii. 3, 5 sqq.;

on Harpocrates, 9 n.;

on Osiris at Byblus, 22 sq.;

on the rise of the Nile, 31 n. 1;

on the mournful character of the rites of sowing, 40 sqq.;

his use of the Alexandrian year, 49, 84;

on an Egyptian ceremony at the winter solstice, 50 n. 4;

on the date of the death of Osiris, 84;

on the festival of Osiris in the month of Athyr, 91 sq.;

on the dating of Egyptian festivals, 94 sq.;

on the rites of Osiris, 108;

on the grave of Osiris, 111;

on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;

on the Flamen Dialis, 229 sq.;

on the Flaminica Dialis, 230 n. 2

Pluto, the breath of, i. 204, 205;

places or sanctuaries of, 204 sqq.;

cave and temple of, at Acharaca, 205

Plutonia, places of Pluto, i. 204

Pollution of death, ii. 227 sqq.

Polo, Marco, on custom of people of Camul, i. 39 n. 3

Polyboea, sister of Hyacinth, i. 314, 316;

identified with Artemis or Persephone, 315

Polyidus, a seer, i. 186 n. 4

Polynesian myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283

Pomegranate causes virgin to conceive, i. 263, 269

Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280 n. 7

Pomona and Vertumnus, ii. 235 n. 6

Pompey the Great, i. 27

Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 177

Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanagement of the Julian calendar, ii. 93 n. 1;

celebrated the marriage of Orcus, 231

Pontus, sacred prostitution in, i. 39, 58

Populonia, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Port Darwin, Australia, i. 103

Porta Capena at Rome, i. 273

Poseidon the Establisher or Securer, i. 195 sq.;

the earthquake god, 195, 202 sq.

—— and Demeter, i. 280

Possession of priest or priestess by a divine spirit, i. 66, 68 sq., 72 sqq.;

by the spirits of dead chiefs, ii. 192 sq.

Potniae in Boeotia, priest of Dionysus killed at, ii. 99 n. 1

Pots of Basil on St. John's Day in Sicily, i. 245

Potter in Southern India, custom observed by a, i. 191 n. 2

Potters in Uganda bake their pots when the moon is waxing, ii. 135

Praeneste, Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of, ii. 234;

founded by Caeculus, 235

Prague, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73

Prayers to dead ancestors, ii. 175 sq., 178 sq., 183 sq.;

to dead kings, 192

[pg 307]

Pregnancy, causes of, unknown, i. 92 sq., 106 sq.;

Australian beliefs as to the causes of, 99 sqq.

Priestess identified with goddess, i. 219;

head of the State under a system of mother-kin, ii. 203

Priestesses more important than priests, i. 45, 46

Priesthood vacated on death of priest's wife, i. 45;

of Hercules at Tarsus, 143

Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, i. 140 sq.

—— king and queen personating god and goddess, i. 45

—— kings, i. 42, 43;

of Olba, 143 sqq., 161;

Adonis personated by, 223 sqq.

Priests personate gods, i. 45, 46 sqq.;

tattoo-marks of, 74 n. 4;

not allowed to be widowers, ii. 227 sqq.;

the Jewish, their rule as to the pollution of death, 230;

dressed as women, 253 sqq.

—— of Astarte, kings as, i. 26

—— of Attis, the emasculated, i. 265, 266

—— of Zeus at the Corycian cave, i. 145, 155

Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, i. 273

Processions carved on rocks at Boghaz-Keui, i. 129 sqq.;

in honour of Adonis, 224 sq., 227 n., 236 n. 1

Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 sq.

Procris, her incest with her father Erechtheus, i. 44

Profligacy of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, i. 48

Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, ii. 203 n. 1;

landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance of women, 209

Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, i. 75

Prophet regarded as madman, i. 77

Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192 sq.;

inspired by gods, 207

Prophetic inspiration under the influence of music, i. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74;

through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 sq.

—— marks on body, i. 74

—— water drunk on St. John's Eve, i. 247

Prophets in relation to ḳedeshim, i. 76;

or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, ii. 171, 172

——, Hebrew, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 sq.

Prophets of Israel, their religious and moral reform, i. 24 sq.

Propitiation of deceased ancestors, i. 46

Prostitution, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, i. 36 sqq.;

suggested origin of, 39 sqq.;

in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 57 sqq.;

in India, 61 sqq.;

in Africa, 65 sqq.

—— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, ii. 264 sq.;

in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, 265 sq.

Provence, bathing at Midsummer in, i. 248

Prussia, customs at ploughing and harvest in, i. 238;

divination at Midsummer in, 252 sq.

Pteria, captured by Croesus, i. 128

Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, i. 43

Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, ii. 35 n. 1

Ptolemy I. and Serapis, ii. 119 n.

Ptolemy III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27

Ptolemy V. on the Rosetta Stone, ii. 152 n.

Ptolemy Soter, i. 264 n. 4

Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54

Pumi-yathon, king of Citium and Idalium, i. 50

Punjaub, belief in the reincarnation of infants in the, i. 94

Puppet substituted for human victim, i. 219 sq.

Purification by fire, i. 115 n. 1, 179 sqq.;

by pig's blood, 299 n. 2;

of Apollo at Tempe, ii. 240 sq.

Purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 sq.

Pyanepsion, an Athenian month, ii. 41

Pygmalion, king of Citium and Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50

——, king of Cyprus, i. 41, 49

——, king of Tyre, i. 50

—— and Aphrodite, i. 49 sq.

Pymaton of Citium, i. 50 n. 2

Pyramid Texts, ii. 4 sqq., 9 n.;

intended to ensure the life of dead Egyptian kings, 4 sq.;

Osiris and the sycamore in the, 110;

the mention of Khenti-Amenti in the, 198 n. 2

Pyramus, river in Cilicia, i. 165, 167, 173

Pyre at festivals of Hercules, i. 116;

at Tarsus, 126;

of dead kings at Jerusalem, 177 sq.

—— or Torch, name of great festival at the Syrian Hierapolis, i. 146

Pythian games, their period, ii. 242 n. 1

Python worshipped by the Baganda, i. 86

—— -god, human wives of the, i. 66

[pg 308]

Pythons worshipped in West Africa, i. 83 n. 1;

dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193

“Quail-hunt,” legend on coins of Tarsus, i. 126 n. 2

Quails sacrificed to Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 sq.;

migration of, 112

Quatuordecimans of Phrygia celebrate the Crucifixion on March 25th, i. 307 n.

Queen of Egypt the wife of Ammon, i. 72

—— of Heaven, i. 303 n. 5;

incense burnt in honour of the, 228

Queensland, aborigines of, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 102 sq.

Quirinus and Hora, ii. 233

Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, ii. 6, 8, 12;

identified with many originally independent local deities, 122 sqq.

Rabbah, captured by David, i. 19

Rabbis, burnings for dead Jewish, i. 178 sq.

Rain procured by bones of the dead, i. 22;

excessive, ascribed to wrath of God, 22 sq.;

instrumental in rebirth of dead infants, 95;

regarded as the tears of gods, ii. 33;

thought to be controlled by the souls of dead chiefs, 188

—— -charm in rites of Adonis, i. 237;

by throwing water on the last corn cut, 237 sq.

—— -god represented with tears running from his eyes, ii. 33 n. 3

Rainbow totem, i. 101

Rainless summer on the Mediterranean, i. 159 sq.

Rajaraja, king, i. 61

Rajputana, gardens of Adonis in, i. 241 sq.

Rambree, sorcerers dressed as women in the island of, ii. 254

Rameses II., his treaty with the Hittites, i. 135 sq.;

his order to the Nile, ii. 33

Ramman, Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder, i. 163 sq.

Rams, testicles of, in the rites of Attis, i. 269

Ramsay, Sir W. M., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 134 n. 1, 137 n. 4;

on priest-dynasts of Asia Minor, 140 n. 2;

on the god Tark, 147 n. 3;

on the name Olba, 148 n. 1;

on Hierapolis and Hieropolis, 168 n. 2;

on Attis and Men, 284 n. 5;

on cruel death of the human representative of a god in Phrygia, 285 sq.

Raoul-Rochette on Asiatic deities with lions, i. 138 n.;

on the burning of doves to Adonis, 147 n. 1;

on apotheosis by death in the fire, 180 n. 1

Ratumaimbulu, Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90

Readjustment of Egyptian festivals, ii. 91 sqq.

Reapers, Egyptian, their lamentations, i. 232, ii. 45;

invoke Isis, 117

Rebirth of infants, means taken to ensure the, i. 91, 93 sqq.;

of the dead, precautions taken to prevent, 92 sq.;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 sq.

Red the colour of Lower Egypt, ii. 21 n. 1

—— -haired men burnt by Egyptians, ii. 97, 106

Reform, the prophetic, in Israel, i. 24 sq.

Reformations of Hezekiah and Josiah, i. 25

Rehoboam, King, his family, i. 51 n. 2

Reincarnation of the dead, i. 82 sqq.;

in America, 91;

in Australia, 99 sqq.

Rekub-el, Syrian god, i. 16

Relations, spirits of near dead, worshipped, i. 175, 176;

at death become gods, ii. 180

Religion, volcanic, i. 188 sqq.;

how influenced by mother-kin, ii. 202 sqq.

—— and magic, combination of, i. 4;

and music, 53 sq.

Religious ideals a product of the male imagination, ii. 211

—— systems, great permanent, founded by great men, ii. 159 sq.

Remission of sins through the shedding of blood, i. 299

Remus, the birth of, ii. 235

Renan, E., on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 n. 1;

his excavations at Byblus, 14 n. 1;

on Adom-melech, 17;

on the vale of the Adonis, 29 n.;

on the burnings for the kings of Judah, 178 n. 1;

on the discoloration of the river Adonis, 225 n. 4;

on the worship of Adonis, 235

Renouf, Sir P. le Page, on Osiris as the sun, ii. 126

Resemblance of the rites of Adonis to the festival of Easter, i. 254 sqq., 306

Resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as diabolic counterfeits, i. 302, 309 sq.

Reshef, Semitic god, i. 16 n. 1

Resurrection of the dead conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of Osiris, ii. 15 sq.

—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, i. 272 sq., 307 sq.

—— of Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 sq.

—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85;

depicted on the [pg 309] monuments, 89 sq.;

date of its celebration at Rome, 95 n. 1;

symbolized by the setting up of the ded pillar, 109

Resurrection of Tylon, i. 186 sq.

Rhine, bathing in the, on St. John's Eve, i. 248

Rhodes described by Strabo, i. 195 n. 3;

worship of Helen in, 292

Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral spirits, ii. 174 sqq.;

their worship of dead chiefs or kings, 191 sqq.

Rhodians, the Venetians of antiquity, i. 195

Rice, the soul of the, in the first sheaf cut, ii. 239

Ridgeway, Professor W., on the marriage of brothers with sisters, ii. 216 n. 1

Rites of irrigation in Egypt, ii. 33 sqq.;

of sowing, 40 sqq.;

of harvest, 45 sqq.

Ritual, children of living parents in, ii. 236 sqq.;

of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, 249

—— of Adonis, i. 223 sqq.

Rivers as the seat of worship of deities, i. 160;

bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 248, 249;

gods worshipped beside, 289

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, i. 97 sq.;

on the sacred dairyman of the Todas, ii. 228

Rizpah and her sons, i. 22

Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29 n.

Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, i. 256 n. 2

Rock-hewn sculptures at Ibreez, i. 121 sq.;

at Boghaz-Keui, 129 sqq.

Rockhill, W. Woodville, on dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 n. 2

Rohde, E., on purification by blood, i. 299 n. 2;

on Hyacinth, 315

Roman deities called “Father” and “Mother,” ii. 233 sqq.

—— emperor, funeral pyre of, i. 126 sq.

—— expiation for prodigies, ii. 244

—— financial oppression, i. 301 n. 2

—— genius symbolized by a serpent, i. 86

—— gods, the marriage of the, ii. 230 sqq.;

compared to Greek gods, 235

—— law, revival of, i. 301

—— marriage custom, ii. 245

—— mythology, fragments of, ii. 235, with n. 6

Romans adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, i. 265;

correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27 sq.

Rome, high-priest of Cybele at, i. 285;

the celebration of the resurrection of Osiris at, ii. 95 n. 1

Romulus cut in pieces, ii. 98;

the birth of, 235

Roper River, in Australia, i. 101

Roscoe, Rev. John, on serpent-worship, i. 86 n. 1;

on the rebirth of the dead, 92 sq.;

on potters in Uganda, ii. 135;

on the religion of the Bahima, 190 sq.;

on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, 196;

on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, 196 sq.;

on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, 226

Rose, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, i. 226

Rosetta stone, the inscription, ii. 27, 152 n.

Roth, W. E., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103 n. 2

Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, i. 207, 209 n.

Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, ii. 173

Rules of life based on a theory of lunar influence, ii. 132 sqq., 140 sqq.

Rumina, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Runes, how Odin learned the magic, i. 290

Russia, annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 75 sqq.

Russian Midsummer custom, i. 250 sq.

Rustic Calendars, the Roman, ii. 95 n. 1

Sabazius, mysteries of, i. 90 n. 4

Sacrament in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.

Sacred harlots in Asia Minor, i. 141

—— marriage of priest and priestess as representing god and goddess, i. 46 sqq.;

represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140;

in Cos, ii. 259 n. 4

“—— men” (kedeshim), at Jerusalem, i. 17 sq.;

and women, 57 sqq.;

in West Africa, 65 sqq.;

in Western Asia, 72 sqq.;

at Andania, 76 n. 3

—— prostitution, i. 36 sqq.;

suggested origin of, 39 sqq.;

in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 55 sqq.;

in India, 61 sqq.;

in West Africa, 65 sqq.

—— slaves, i. 73, 79

—— stocks and stones among the Semites, i. 107 sqq.

—— women in India, i. 61 sqq.;

in West Africa, 65 sqq.;

in Western Asia, 70 sqq.;

at Andania, 76 n. 3

Sacrifice of virginity, i. 60;

of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, 268 sq., 270 sq.;

other cases of, 270 n. 2;

nutritive and vicarious types of, ii. 226

Sacrifices to earthquake god, i. 201, 202;

to volcanoes, 218 sqq.;

to the dead distinguished from sacrifices to [pg 310] the gods, 316 n. 1;

offered at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36 n.;

offered in connexion with irrigation, 38 sq.;

to dead kings, 101, 162, 166 sq.;

to ancestral spirits, 175, 178 sq., 180, 181 sq., 183 sq., 190;

of animals to prolong the life of kings, 221;

without shedding of blood, 222 n. 2

Sacrifices, human, offered at earthquakes, i. 201;

offered to Dionysus, ii. 98 sq.;

at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;

to dead kings, 173;

to dead chiefs, 191;

to prolong the life of kings, 220 sq., 223 sqq.

Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, i. 183

Saffron at the Corycian cave, i. 154, 187

Sago, magic for the growth of, ii. 101

Sahagun, B. de, on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 n.

St. Denys, his seven heads, ii. 12

St. George in Syria, reputed to bestow offspring on women, i. 78, 79, 90;

festival of, and the Parilia, 308, 309

St. John, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, i. 244 sq.

St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head-hunting in Sarawak, i. 296

St. John's Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, i. 246 sqq.

—— Midsummer festival in Sardinia, i. 244 sq.

—— wort gathered at Midsummer, i. 252 sq.

St. Kilda, All Saints' Day in, ii. 80

St. Luke, the festival of, on October 18th, ii. 55

Saint-Maries, Midsummer custom at, i. 248

S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, i. 307 n.

St. Michael in Alaska, ii. 51

St. Simon and St. Jude's day, October 28th, ii. 74

St. Vitus, festival of, i. 252

Saintonge, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69

Saints as the givers of children to women, i. 78 sq., 91, 109

Sais, the festival of, ii. 49 sqq.

Sakkara, pyramids at, ii. 4

Sal tree, festival of the flower of the, i. 47

Salacia and Neptune, ii. 231, 233

Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, i. 145;

dynasty of Teucrids at, 145

Salem, Melchizedek, king of, i. 17

Salii, priests of Mars, rule as to their election, ii. 244

Salono, a Hindoo festival, i. 243 n. 1

Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental religions, i. 300

Samagitians, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 75

Samal, in North-Western Syria, i. 16

Samaria, the fall of, i. 25

Samoa, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

Samuel consulted about asses, i. 75;

meaning of the name, 79

—— and Saul, i. 22

San Juan Capistrano, the Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 142

Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, i. 144

Sandacus, a Syrian, i. 41

Sandan of Tarsus, i. 124 sqq.;

the burning of, 117 sqq., 126;

identified with Hercules, 125, 143, 161;

monument of, at Tarsus, 126 n. 2

—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, i. 125

—— and Baal at Tarsus, i. 142 sq., 161

Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185;

a Cilician name, 182

Sandu'arri, a Cilician king, i. 144

Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, i. 205

Santiago Tepehuacan, Indians of, their custom at sowing, i. 239;

their annual festival of the dead, ii. 55

Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, i. 195

Sappho on the mourning for Adonis, i. 6 n. 2

Saracus, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sarawak, head-hunting in, i. 295 sq.

Sardanapalus, monument of, at Tarsus, i. 126 n. 2;

his monument at Anchiale, 172;

the burning of, 172 sqq.;

the effeminate, ii. 257

—— and Hercules, i. 172 sqq.

Sardes, captured by Cyrus, i. 174;

lion carried round acropolis of, i. 184, ii. 249

Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244 sq.

Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, i. 243

Sarpedonian Artemis, i. 167, 171

Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, i. 201

Saturn, the husband of Ops, ii. 233

—— and Lua, ii. 233

Saturn's period of revolution round the sun, ii. 151 sq.

Saturnine temperament of the farmer, ii. 218

Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 255

[pg 311]

Saul, burial of, i. 177 n. 4

—— and David, i. 21

Saul's madness soothed by music, i. 53, 54

Savages lament for the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 43 sq.

Sâwan, Indian month, i. 242

Saxons of Transylvania, harvest custom of the, i. 238

Sayce, A. H., on kings of Edom, i. 16;

on name of David, 19 n. 2

Schäfer, H., on the tomb of Osiris at Abydos, ii. 198 n. 1

Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at sowing at, i. 238 sq.

Schloss, Mr. Francis S., on the rule as to the felling of timber in Colombia, ii. 136 n. 4

Schwegler, A., on the death of Romulus, ii. 98 n. 2

Scipio, his fabulous birth, i. 81

Scorpions, Isis and the, ii. 8

Scotland, harvest custom in, i. 237

Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140

Scythian king, human beings and horses sacrificed at his grave, i. 293

Scythians, their belief in immortality, i. 294;

their treatment of dead enemies, 294 n. 3

Sea, custom of bathing in the, on St. John's Day or Eve, i. 246, 248

—— Dyaks or Ibans of Borneo, their worship of serpents, i. 83;

their festivals of the dead, ii. 56 sq.;

effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, 253, 256

—— Dyaks of Sarawak, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 295 sq.

Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, ii. 24

Seasons, magical and religious theories of the, i. 3 sq.

Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, i. 283 n. 3, ii. 6

Secret graves of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103 sqq.

Sed festival in Egypt, ii. 151 sqq.;

its date perhaps connected with the heliacal rising of Sirius, 152 sq.;

apparently intended to renew the king's life by identifying him with the dead and risen Osiris, 153 sq.

Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, dismembered after death, ii. 101, 102

Seker (Sokari), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Seler, Professor E., on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 n.

Seleucus, a grammarian, i. 146 n. 1

—— Nicator, king, i. 151

—— the Theologian, i. 146 n. 1

Self-mutilation of Attis and his priests, i. 265

Seligmann, Dr. C. G., on the five supplementary Egyptian days, ii. 6 n. 3;

on the divinity of Shilluk kings, 161 n. 2;

on custom of putting Shilluk kings to death, 163

Selwanga, python-god of Baganda, i. 86

Semiramis at Hierapolis, i. 162 n. 2;

as a form of Ishtar (Astarte), 176 sq.;

said to have burnt herself, 176 sq.;

the mythical, a form of the great Asiatic goddess, ii. 258

Semites, agricultural, worship Baal as the giver of fertility, i. 26 sq.;

sacred stocks and stones among the, 107 sqq.;

traces of mother-kin among the, ii. 213

Semitic gods, uniformity of their type, i. 119

—— kings, the divinity of, i. 15 sqq.;

as hereditary deities, 51

—— language, Egyptian language akin to the, ii. 161 n. 1

—— personal names indicating relationship to a deity, i. 51

—— worship of Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 sqq.

Semlicka, festival of the dead among the Letts, ii. 74

Seneca, on the offerings of Egyptian priests to the Nile, ii. 40;

on the marriage of the Roman gods, 231;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

Senegal and Niger region of West Africa, belief as to conception without sexual intercourse in, i. 93 n. 2;

myth of marriage of Sky and Earth in the, 282 n. 2

Senegambia, the Mandingoes of, ii. 141

Sennacherib, his siege of Jerusalem, i. 25;

said to have built Tarsus, 173 n. 4

Separation of Earth and Sky, myth of the, i. 283

Serapeum at Alexandria, ii. 119 n.;

its destruction, 217

Serapis, the later form of Osiris, ii. 119 n.;

the rise of the Nile attributed to, 216 sq.;

the standard cubit kept in his temple, 217

Serpent as the giver of children, i. 86;

at rites of initiation, 90 n. 4

—— -god married to human wives, i. 66 sqq.;

thought to control the crops, 67

Serpents reputed the fathers of human beings, i. 80 sqq.;

as embodiments of Aesculapius, 80 sq.;

worshipped in Mysore, 81 sq.;

as reincarnations of the dead, 82 sqq.;

fed with milk, 84 sqq., 87;

thought to have knowledge [pg 312] of life-giving plants, 186;

souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 163, 173

Servius, on the death of Attis, i. 264 n. 4;

on the marriage of Orcus, ii. 231;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

—— Tullius, begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Sesostris, so-called monument of, i. 185

Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, ii. 6;

murders Osiris, 7 sq.;

accuses Osiris before the gods, 17;

brings a suit of bastardy against Horus, 17;

his combat with Horus, 17;

reigns over Upper Egypt, 17;

torn in pieces, 98.

See also Typhon

Sety I., King of Egypt, ii. 108

Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, his human wives, i. 71

—— Semitic god, i. 16 n. 1

Shamashshumukin, King of Babylon, burns himself, i. 173 sq., 176

Shammuramat, Assyrian queen, i. 177 n. 1

Shans of Burma, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198;

cut bamboos for building in the wane of the moon, ii. 136

Shark-shaped hero, i. 139 n. 1

Sheaf, the first cut, ii. 239

Sheep to be shorn when the moon is waxing, ii. 134;

to be shorn in the waning of the moon, 134 n. 3

Sheitan dere, the Devil's Glen, in Cilicia, i. 150

Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, ii. 88

Shifting dates of Egyptian festivals, ii. 24 sq.

Shilluk kings put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163

Shilluks, their worship of dead kings, ii. 161 sq.;

their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, 162 sqq.

Shoulders of medicine-men especially sensitive, i. 74 n. 4

Shouting as a means of stopping earthquakes, i. 197 sqq.

Shropshire, feast of All Souls in, ii. 78

Shu, Egyptian god of light, i. 283 n. 3

Shuswap Indians of British Columbia eat nutlets of pines, i. 278 n. 2

Siam, catafalque burnt at funeral of king of, i. 179;

annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Siao, children sacrificed to volcano in, i. 219

Sibitti-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

Sibyl, the Grotto of the, at Marsala, i. 247

Sibylline Books, i. 265

Sicily, Syrian prophet in, i. 74;

fossil bones in, 157;

hot springs in, 213;

gardens of Adonis in, 245, 253 sq.;

divination at Midsummer in, 254;

Good Friday ceremonies in, 255 sq.

Sick people resort to cave of Pluto, i. 205 sq.

Sicyon, shrine of Aesculapius at, i. 81

Sidon, kings of, as priests of Astarte, i. 26

Siem, king, among the Khasis of Assam, ii. 210 n. 1

Sigai, hero in form of shark, i. 139 n. 1

Sihanaka, the, of Madagascar, funeral custom of the, ii. 246

Sinai, “Mistress of Turquoise” at, i. 35

Sinews of sacrificial ox cut, ii. 252

Sins, the remission of, through the shedding of blood, i. 299

Sinsharishkun, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sipylus, Mother Plastene on Mount, i. 185

Siriac or Sothic period, ii. 36

Sirius (the Dog-star), observed by Egyptian astronomers, ii. 27;

called Sothis by the Egyptians, 34;

date of its rising in ancient Egypt, 34;

heliacal rising of, on July 20th, 34 n. 1, 93;

its rising marked the beginning of the sacred Egyptian year, 35;

its rising observed in Ceos, 35 n. 1;

sacrifices offered at its rising on the top of Mount Pelion, 36 n.

—— the star of Isis, ii. 34, 119;

in connexion with the Sed festival, 152 sq.

Sis in Cilicia, i. 144

Sister of a god, i. 51

Sisters, kings marry their, i. 316

Sizu in Cilicia, i. 144

Skin, bathing in dew at Midsummer as remedy for diseases of the, i. 247, 248;

of ox stuffed and set up, 296 sq.;

body of Egyptian dead placed in a bull's, ii. 15 n. 2;

of sacrificial victim used in the rite of the new birth, 155 sq.

Skinner, Principal J., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219

Skins of human victims, uses made of, i. 293;

of horses stuffed and set up at graves, 293, 294

Skull, drinking out of a king's, in order to be inspired by his spirit, ii. 171

Sky conceived by the Egyptians as a cow, i. 283 n. 3

—— and earth, myth of their violent separation, i. 283

—— -god, Attis as a, i. 282 sqq.;

married to Earth-goddess, 282, with n. 2;

mutilation of the, 283

Slaughter of prisoners often a sacrifice to the gods, i. 290 n. 2

Slave Coast of West Africa, sacred men and women on the, i. 65, 68;

Ewe-speaking peoples of the, 83 n. 1

Slaves, sacred, in Western Asia, i. 39 n. 1

[pg 313]

Slaying of the Dragon by Apollo at Delphi, ii. 240 sq.

Sleep of the god in winter, ii. 41

Smell, evil, used to avert demons, ii. 261

Smeroe, Mount, volcano in Java, i. 221

Smith, George Adam, on fertility of Bethlehem, i. 257 n. 3

Smith, W. Robertson, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 n. 1;

on anointing as consecration, 21 n. 3;

on Baal as god of fertility, 26 sq.;

on caves in Semitic religion, 169 n. 3;

on Tophet, 177 n. 4;

on the predominance of goddesses over gods in early Semitic religion, ii. 213;

on the sacrifice of children to Moloch, 220 n. 1

Smoking as a mode of inducing inspiration, ii. 172

Snake-entwined goddess found at Gournia, i. 88

Snakes as fathers of human beings, i. 82;

fed with milk, 84 sqq.

See also Serpents

Snorri Sturluson, on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, ii. 100

Sobk, a crocodile-shaped Egyptian god, identified with the sun, ii. 123

Sochit or Sochet, epithet of Isis, ii. 117

Society, ancient, built on the principle of the subordination of the individual to the community, i. 300

Socrates (church historian) on sacred prostitution, i. 37 n. 2

Söderblom, N., on an attempted reform of the old Iranian religion, ii. 83 n. 2

Sodom and Gomorrah, the destruction of, i. 222 n. 1

Soerakarta, district of Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202 n. 1

Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, ii. 87

Sol invictus, i. 304 n. 1

Solanum campylanthum, ii. 47

Solomon, King, puts Adoni-jah to death, i. 51 n. 2

——, the Baths of, i. 78;

in Moab, 215 sq.

Solstice, the summer, the Nile rises at the, ii. 31 n. 1, 33

——, the winter, reckoned the Nativity of the Sun, i. 303;

Egyptian ceremony at, ii. 50

Somali, marriage custom of the, ii. 246, 247

Son of a god, i. 51

Sons of God, i. 78 sqq.

Sophocles on the burning of Hercules, i. 111

Sorcerers or priests, order of effeminate, ii. 253 sqq.

Sorrowful One, the vaults of the, ii. 41

Sothic or Siriac period, ii. 36

Sothis, Egyptian name for the star Sirius, ii. 34.

See Sirius

Soul of a tree in a bird, ii. 111 n. 1;

of the rice in the first sheaf cut, 239

“—— of Osiris,” a bird, ii. 110

—— -cakes eaten at the feast of All Souls in Europe, ii. 70, 71 sq., 73, 78 sqq.

“Souling,” custom of, on All Souls' Day in England, ii. 79

“—— Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78

Souls of the dead, reincarnation of the, i. 91 sqq.;

brought back among the Gonds, 95 sq.

——, feasts of All, ii. 51 sqq.

South Slavs, devices of women to obtain offspring, i. 96;

marriage customs of, ii. 246

Sowers and ploughmen drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 sq.

Sowing, Prussian custom at, i. 238 sq.;

rites of, ii. 40 sqq.

—— and ploughing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87, 90, 96;

and planting, regulated by the phases of the moon, 133 sqq.

Sozomenus, church historian, on sacred prostitution, i. 37

Spain, bathing on St. John's Eve in, i. 248

Sparta destroyed by an earthquake, i. 196 n. 4

Spartans, their attempt to stop an earthquake, i. 196

—— their flute-band, i. 196

—— their uniform red, i. 196

—— at Thermopylae, i. 197 n. 1

—— their regard for the full moon, ii. 141

—— their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, ii. 260

Spencer, Baldwin, on reincarnation of the dead, i. 100 n. 3