ROBERT JAMESON,
Reading edition
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY, LECTURER ON MINERALOGY, AND KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH;
Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh; Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy; of the Royal Society of Sciences of Denmark; of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin; of the Royal Academy of Naples; of the Geological Society of France; Honorary Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta; Fellow of the Royal Linnean, and of the Geological Societies of London; of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and of the Cambridge Philosophical Society; of the Antiquarian, Wernerian Natural History, Royal Medical, Royal Physical, and Horticultural Societies of Edinburgh; of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland; of the Antiquarian and Literary Society of Perth; of the Statistical Society of Glasgow; of the Royal Dublin Society; of the York, Bristol, Cambrian, Whitby, Northern, and Cork Institutions; of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle; of the Imperial Pharmaceutical Society of Petersburgh; of the Natural History Society of Wetterau; of the Mineralogical Society of Jena; of the Royal Mineralogical Society of Dresden; of the Natural History Society of Paris; of the Philomathic Society of Paris; of the Natural History Society of Calvados; of the Senkenberg Society of Natural History; of the Society of Natural Sciences and Medicine of Heidelberg; Honorary Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York; of the New York Historical Society; of the American Antiquarian Society; of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York; of the Natural History Society of Montreal; of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanical Arts; of the Geological Society of Pennsylvania; of the Boston Society of Natural History of the United States; of the South African Institution of the Cape of Good Hope; Honorary Member of the Statistical Society of France; Member of the Entomological Society of Stettin, &c. &c. &c.
APRIL 1850 ... OCTOBER 1850.
VOL. XLIX.
TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY.
EDINBURGH:
ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON.
1850.
EDINBURGH: PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY, OLD FISHMARKET.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Art. I. Geographical Distribution of Animals. By Professor Louis Agassiz:—
Different Views on the Subject.—Results of Geological Observations.—Facts and Suppositions.—Natural Limits for Animals.—Limitations and Adaptations.—Influence of Heights and Depths.—Distribution of Mammalia.—Creations on each Continent.—Zoological Provinces.—General Conclusion,1-25
Additional Illustrations of the Geographical Distribution of Animals:—
1. Geographical Distribution of Sturgeons,25
2. Fishes of Lake Superior compared with those of the other great Canadian Lakes,27
3. General Observations; all Fresh-water Fishes of North America different from those of Europe—Lake Superior and the Lakes north of it constitute a distinct Zoological District—These Fishes have been created where they now live—Deductions from this fact,30
II. On the Geography and Geology of the Peninsula of Mount Sinai, and the adjacent Countries. By John Hogg, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S.; Honorary Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, &c. (With a coloured Geological Map.) Communicated by the Author. (Continued from Vol. xlviii., p. 219),33
III. Synopsis of Meteorological Observations made at the Observatory, Whitehaven, Cumberland, in the year 1849. By John Fletcher Miller, Esq., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., &c. Communicated by the Author,53
IV. The Completed Coral Island. By James D. Dana, Geologist to the American Exploratory Expedition, &c., &c.,65
V. Biographical Notice of Leopold Pilla, the Geologist. By H. Coquand. Communicated by the Author,68
VI. On the Chronological Exposition of the Periods of Vegetation, and the different Floras which have succeeded each other on the Earth's surface. According to the views of M. Brongniart. (Concluded from Vol. xlviii., p. 330):—
Fossil Plants of the Permian Period.—Vosgian Period.—Jurassic Period.—Tertiary Period,72-97
VII. Glacial Theory of the Erratics and Drift of the New and Old Worlds. By Professor Agassiz:—
Glacialists and Antiglacialists.—Erratic basins of Switzerland.—Similar phenomena observed in other parts of Europe.—Points necessary to be settled; first, the relation in time and character between the Northern and the Alpine erratics.—Traced in North America.—-Not yet settled whether any local centres of distribution in America; but the general cause must have acted in all parts simultaneously. This action ceased at 35° north latitude; this incompatible with the notion of currents.—In both hemispheres a direct reference to the Polar Regions. Difficulty as to so extensive formation of Ice, removed; difficulties on the theory of Currents, the effects contrary to experience of Water-Action.—Erratic phenomena of Lake Superior.—The Iceberg theory.—Description of appearances at Lake Superior.—Drift: contains mud, and is without fossils.—Example of juxtaposition of stratified and unstratified Drift, at Cambridge.—Date of these phenomena not fully determined, but doubtless simultaneous all over the Globe.—The various periods and kinds of Drift distinguished.—Accompanied by change of level in the Continent,97-98
VIII. Description of the Marine Telescope. By John Adie, F.R.S.E., F.R.S.S.A. Communicated by the Author,117
IX. Experimental Investigations to Discover the Cause of the Change which takes place in the Standard Points of Thermometers. By John Adie, F.R.S.E., F.R.S.S.A. Communicated by the Author,122
X. Observations on the Discovery, by Professor Lepsius, of Sculptured Marks on Rocks in the Nile Valley in Nubia; indicating that, within the historical period, the river had flowed at a higher level than has been known in Modern Times. By Leonard Horner, Esq., F.R.S.S. L. & E., F.G.S., &c. Communicated by the Author. With a Plate,126
XI. On the Salmon Tribe (Salmonidæ); their Classification, Geographical Distribution, &c.,144
XII. Results of Observations made by the Rev. F. Fallows, at the Cape of Good Hope, in the years 1849-30-31. Produced under the superintendence of G. B. Airy, Esq., Astronomer Royal,148
XIII. Discovery of the Great Lake Ngami of South Africa,150
XIV. Dr Davy's Brief Sketch of the Geology of the West Indies. Communicated for the Philosophical Journal,158
XV. On the Differences between Progressive, Embryonic, and Prophetic Types in the Succession of Organized Beings through the whole range of Geological times,160
XVI. On a New Analogy in the Periods of Rotation of the Primary Planets discovered by Daniel Kirkwood of Pottsville, Pennsylvania,165
XVII. Scientific Intelligence:—
METEOROLOGY.
1. Use of Coloured Glasses to assist the View in Fogs. 2. Ozone,170-171
HYDROGRAPHY.
3. On the Phenomena of the Rise and Fall of the Waters of the Northern Lakes of America. 4. Water Thermometer. 5. On the Falls of Niagara. 6. On the Existence of Manganese in Water. 7. Arsenic in Chalybeate Springs,172-175
GEOLOGY.
8. The Coal Formation of America. 9. River Terraces of the Connecticut Valley,175-177
ZOOLOGY.
10. Fossil Crinoids of the United States. 11. Discovery of Coral Animals on the Coast of Massachusetts. 12. On the Circulation and Digestion of the Lower Animals. 13. Distribution of the Testaceous Mollusca of Jamaica. 14. Metamorphoses of the Lepidoptera. 15. On the Zoological Character of Young Mammalia. 16. The Manatus or Sea Cow, the Embryonic Type of the Pachydermata. 17. Fossil Elephant and Mastodon from Africa. 18. Cauterization in the case of Poisonous Bites. 19. Dental Parasites,177-184
ARTS.
20. The Steamboat New World. 21. Use of Parachutes in Mines. 22. Adulterations of Drugs. 23. To restore Decayed Ivory. 24. Ivory as an Article of Manufacture. 25. Flexible Ivory. 26. Air-Whistle. 27. Curious Electrical Phenomenon, 184-188
XVIII. List of Patents granted for Scotland from 22d March to 22d June 1850,189
Memorandum.—New Publications will be noticed in our next Number.
MEMORANDUM.
Owing to the large space occupied by the Proceedings of the British Association for the Promotion of Science, held at Edinburgh in the month of August, 1850, various interesting communications are delayed until the next number of the Philosophical Journal.