PLANT PARTS AND PLANT NAMES

The diagram on the opposite page carries illustrations of most of the terms used in the following descriptions of plants. As it was intended that this manual should serve as a means of plant identification from illustrations, the descriptions have been made very brief. If the reader is interested in a more detailed description, technical books should be consulted. Some botanical terms are rather loosely used in the effort to avoid technical expressions; for example, the fruit of a daisy flower is known popularly as a seed but is an achene, a seed closely covered by the wall of the ovary.

The conspicuous parts of the flower commonly make up the corolla, each part being known as a petal; however, in some flowers the showy part is actually the calyx, as the outer whorl of parts around the stamens and pistil is always called. The divisions of the calyx are known as sepals. The stamens are made up of two parts—the anthers or small sacs which bear the pollen grains, a necessary part to fertilization, and the filaments or stalks which elevate the anthers so that the pollen grains can be scattered. The ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization are borne in the ovary, a part of the pistil. The pollen is deposited on the stigma and carried down the style to the ovule. Showy flower parts, nectar, and other devices attract insect visitors which aid in the transfer of pollen from one flower to another.

In order that botanists everywhere may make use of plant names and descriptions, these are written in Latin. The Latin name of the bluebonnet is Lupinus texensis, in which texensis represents the name of a species and Lupinus is the name of a genus, which is a group of closely related species. The plants making up the different species in a genus are usually so much alike in flower, fruit, and leaf characters that they can be recognized as belonging to the same group. Similar genera (plural of genus) are grouped together in families; the family name in Latin takes the ending -aceae. Thus while this book illustrates only 257 Texas plants, it is hoped that the reader will become familiar with many others which bear a close relationship.

Much effort has been expended to use scientific terminology in accordance with that preferred by experts on various plant groups, but continuing research changes many well known names. In this list the name used in the text is followed by the name now in good usage; the terms are not always synonymous. The authorities for the names are not given but can be checked in technical publications.

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Aesculaceae

Hippocastanaceae

Allionia grayana

Mirabilis grayana

Amphiachyris dracunculoides

Gutierrezia dracunculoides

Argemone rosea

Argemone sanguinea

Argemone delicatula

Argemone pinnatifida

Asclepiodora decumbens

Asclepias capricornu

Baptisia bracteata

Baptisia leucophaea

Batodendron arboreum

Vaccinium arboreum

Capnoides montanum

Corydalis aurea

Capnoides curvisiliquum

Corydalis curvisiliqua

Carduus austrinus

Cirsium sp.

Carduus undulatus

Cirsium undulatum megacephalum

Cassiaceae

Leguninosae

Cebatha carolina

Cocculus carolinus

Cercis reniormis

Cercis canadensis texensis

Cochranea anchusaefolia

Heliotropium amplexicaule

Conoclinium coelestinum

Eupatorium coelestinum

Delphinium albescens

Delphinium virescens

Dendropogon usneoides

Tillandsia usneoides

Dichondraceae

Convolvulaceae

Dracopis amplexicaulis

Rudbeckia amplexicaulis

Epilobiaceae

Onagraceae

Erythraea

Centaurium

Fabaceae

Leguminosae

Filago prolifera

Evax prolifera

Filago nivea

Evax multicaulis

Geoprumnon mexicanum

Astragalus caryocarpus pachycarpus

Greggia camporum

Nerisyrenia camporum

Hamosa nuttalliana

Astragalus Nuttallianus

Hartmannia tetraptera

Oenothera speciosa

Hypoxis erecta

Hypoxis hirsuta

Ibidium gracile

Spiranthes gracilis

Jussiaea diffusa

Jussiaea repens

Keerlia bellidiflora

Chaetopappa bellidifolia

Krameriaceae

Leguminosae

Laciniaria punctata

Liatris punctata

Lepidium alyssoides

Lepidium montanum alyssoides

Leptoglottis uncinata

Schrankia Nuttallii

Leucophyllum texanum

Leucophyllum frutescens

Limodorum tuberosum

Calopogon pulchellus

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Lithospermum linearifolium

Lithospermum incisum

Lithospermum gmelinii

Lithospermum carolinense

Megapterium missouriense

Oenothera missouriensis

Meriolix spinulosa

Oenothera serrulata Drummondii

Mimosaceae

Leguminosae

Nemastylis acuta

Nemastylis geminiflora

Nama ovatum

Hydrolea ovata

Nemastylis texana

Nemastylis sp.

Neopieris mariana

Lyonia mariana

Nuphar advena

Nuphar advenum

Oxytropis lamberti

Astragalus Lambertii

Parosela aurea

Dalea aurea

Parosela pogonathera

Dalea pogonathera

Pentstemon

Penstemon

Persicaria longistyla

Polygonum longistylum

Persicaria punctata

Polygonum punctatum

Phlox drummondii (purple variety)

Phlox Goldsmithii (left, p. 107)

Phlox drummondii (purple variety)

Phlox McAllisteri (right, p. 107)

Phlox helleri

Phlox littoralis

Phytolacca decandra

Phytolacca americana

Pleiotaenia nuttallii

Polytaenia Nuttallii

Ptiloria pauciflora

Stephanomeria pauciflora

Quamasia hyacinthina

Camassia scilloides

Rosa woodsii

Rosa foliolosa

Sabbatia

Sabatia

Senecio filifolius

Senecio longilobus

Sisyrinchium thurowi

Sisyrinchium exile

Sitilias multicaulis

Pyrrhopappus sp.

Sophia pinnata

Descurainea pinnata

Stenorrhyncus cinnabarinus

Spiranthes cinnabarina

Thrysanthema nutans

Chaptalia nutans

Thymophylla polychaeta

Dyssodia polychaeta

Thymophylla pentachaeta

Dyssodia pentachaeta

Toxicoscordion nuttallii

Zygadenus Nuttallii

Tradescantia bracteata

Tradescantia ohiensis

Verbena plicata

Verbena Cloveri

Vicia texana

Vicia ludoviciana

Yucca radiosa

Yucca elata

Yucca glauca

Yucca campestris

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