← Table of contents
Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Vol. 2 (of 2)

INDEX TO THE NOTES.

Herbert Allen Giles translation

VOL. PAGE NOTE

Abstinence from Wine and Meat i. 23 52

Actors i. 218 188

Adoption „ „ i. 386 310

ii. 156 137

ii. 272 256

Adulteration ii. 332 320

Age of graduates i. 345 274

Age to marry i. 113 112

Alchemy „ i. 65 83

ii. 313 299

Alms’-bowl „ i. 246 211

i. 395 320

Amusements, Literary i. 215 186

Anatomy, Chinese ii. 253 235

“Angels” of Taoism i. 17 48

Arbiter of Life and Death i. 226 194

Archery i. 91 92

Aristocracy, The i. 186 156

Auspicious Sites i. 336 268

Bad Sons „ „ „ „ i. 147 131

ii. 212 190

ii. 281 267

Bambooing i. 55 76

Banquets, Theatrical Entertainments during ii. 54 41

Beadles ii. 17 18

Beauty, Chinese ii. 123 94

Beggars i. 246 212

Betrothals „ „ i. 108 108

i. 193 165

i. 227 195

Bikshu i. 395 320

Blowing into meat ii. 306 292

Blue China Epoch ii. 303 290

Bôdhisatva i. 208 182

Bridal procession i. 338 269

Bridegroom living in bride’s family i. 193 163

Brotherly deference „ dependence i. 314 247

i. 318 250

Brothers having separate establishments ii. 322 314

Brown deer of Formosa i. 399 329

Buddha, Repeating the name of i. 367 293

“Bull’s hide” trick, The ii. 180 163

Burials i. 197 171

Burying stray bones, &c. ii. 147 130

Caligraphy ii. 174 157

Capping verses „ „ i. 332 262

ii. 57 44

Cash „ i. 6 42

ii. 171 148

Cat and dog Restaurant ii. 308 294

Catalepsy „ i. 4 40

ii. 73 55

Celibacy i. 23 52

Censorate, The i. 229 197

Chai-mui i. 333 265

Chamber of Horrors i. 93 94

Change of residence i. 321 251

Charitable gifts i. 137 129

Chess, Chinese i. 46 66

Chou, General ii. 221 202

Chowry ii. 71 52

Clay-image makers ii. 276 261

Clepsydra i. 49 70

“Climbing trees to catch fish” ii. 305 291

Coffins „ „ deposited in Temples „ for poor people „ Sleeping in i. 102 104

i. 197 172

i. 237 203

ii. 316 303

ii. 354 336

Concubines i. 395 321

Confucius, Descendants of i. 33 61

Conservatism i. 427 348

Contemplation, Priestly ii. 71 51

Coroners ii. 196 175

Counting cattle, Method of ii. 255 239

Cow-herd and the Lady i. 27 55

Cricket-fighting i. 75 85

Crows, Feeding the i. 279 229

Cumquats ii. 301 289

Cycle, The Chinese i. 180 152

Cynthia, The Chinese i. 171 147

Damon and Pythias i. 166 143

Death „ Fear of i. 150 134

i. 101 103

Death-summons, The i. 150 134

Decapitation ii. 78 59

Degrees, The three i. 1 37

Devils, Good and bad ii. 201 179

Dice ii. 145 125

Divorce i. 360 288

Doctors ii. 293 279

Dogs, Chinese ii. 309 296

Dolphin, Fresh-water ii. 43 31

Double-entendres ii. 176 160

Dragon-boat festival ii. 168 142

Dragons „ ii. 112 84

ii. 349 331

Dreams ii. 250 231

Dwarfs i. 224 193

Drunkenness „ „ i. 30 59

i. 365 292

ii. 30 23

Eating ii. 111 83

Education „ i. 297 237

ii. 322 313

Elixir of Immortality „ „ i. 19 49

ii. 168 143

Examinations, Competitive „ „ „ „ i. 195 168

ii. 64 48

ii. 91 71

Eye, Pupils of the i. 8 43

Fa Hsien’s journey ii. 232 212

Fabulous Lion ii. 343 327

Facing the South ii. 103 76

Falconry i. 22 51

Fan, An Autumn i. 361 289

Fantan i. 421 343

Fatalism i. 340 270

Feet of betrothed tied together i. 431 354

Fêng-Shui ii. 322 312

Feudal Governor ii. 287 273

“Fiancé,” Death of a i. 99 101

Figure-head ii. 54 40

Fire-wells ii. 238 220

Flageolets i. 28 58

Folk-lore in the North and South ii. 329 319

Fondness for children i. 401 332

Foot-binding i. 192 161

Fortune-tellers i. 47 68

Foundries, Iron ii. 216 194

Four Books, The i. 297 237

Four Seas, The ii. 116 89

Fox influence i. 32 60

Foxes, Soothsayers possessed by ii. 358 339

Gambling i. 421 343

Ganges, The ii. 28 22

Gates of a city shut at night ii. 262 243

Geese i. 255 217

“Gentleman,” The Chinese i. 168 145

Geomancy i. 227 195

Gioros i. 66 84

Girdles, The pearl i. 283 230

Glass „ i. 249 214

ii. 233 216

Go-betweens „ i. 187 157

ii. 154 135

God of War, The i. 2 39

“Golden lilies” i. 188 159

“Golden Orchid” Societies i. 196 170

Gongs ii. 105 78

Good fortune, Absorbing only a certain quantity of i. 342 271

Graduates by purchase i. 202 177

Graduates, Senior i. 199 175

Grave, The i. 240 207

Great beam, Fixing the ii. 267 247

Greed ii. 74 56

Han dynasty i. 258 219

Han-lin, The Chinese National Academy i. 195 169

Heart, The i. 96 97, 98

Homicide i. 353 285

Honesty in olden times ii. 250 232

“Hsi-yüan-lu,” The i. 98 100

“Hu,” The name i. 89 90

Hué i. 397 325

Human life, Value of ii. 338 323

Hungry devils ii. 270 252

Immortality i. 157 139

Immortals, Record of the ii. 88 68

Imperial mandates ii. 240 223

Impressment i. 220 190

Infernal Regions „ „ ii. 95 72

ii. 354 335

Inheritance, Law of ii. 345 328

Initiation of a Priest ii. 69 50

Inner apartments „ „ „ „ i. 53 74

i. 252 215

ii. 46 33

Jelly-fish ii. 332 321

Judas tree ii. 151 133

Judges ii. 96 74

Jugglers ii. 189 172

Khakkharam, The i. 395 320

Kangs ii. 133 114

Keeping secret professional knowledge ii. 255 238

Kidnapping i. 183 154

Kite-flying Festival ii. 268 250

Knife Hill, The ii. 205 184

Kot‘ow, The i. 388 314

K‘u-ts‘an ii. 255 237

Kuan-yin i. 241 208

Lanterns, Feast of i. 99 102

Li T‘ai-poh ii. 144 121

Lictors ii. 205 182

Lighting the Eyes ii. 224 203

Lingering death, The i. 396 322

Literary chancellor ii. 284 271

Literati, The ii. 36 29

Literature, God of ii. 320 307

Liu Ch‘üan and the melon ii. 351 334

Living Lictors of Purgatory, The i. 207 180

Loans ii. 171 146

Locusts ii. 242 224

Lohans ii. 321 311

Long Robes ii. 273 257

Lots, Drawing ii. 73 54

Love-matches i. 115 113

Lucifer Matches ii. 120 92

Lunatics ii. 30 23

Lü Tung-pin ii. 296 284

Magic Sword i. 62 80

Mandarin Dialect i. 398 327

Manslaughter i. 222 192

Marriage Ceremonies „ „ „ „ „ „ i. 10 45

i. 181 153

i. 227 195

i. 228 196

Marriages „ i. 108 109

i. 193 165

Marrying a second time i. 112 110

Mars, The Chinese i. 2 39

Medical testimonials ii. 292 278

Memorial tablet, Inking ii. 224 203

Mercy, The Goddess of i. 241 208

Messengers of good tidings ii. 252 234

Milky way, The i. 152 135

Miracles i. 396 323

“Mirror and Listen” trick ii. 251 233

Misappropriation of funds ii. 224 204

Moon, The Goddess of the „ The Lady of the i. 19 49

i. 19 49

Mothers-in-law i. 315 249

Mourning for a father i. 199 174

Mules ii. 242 225

Murders i. 230 198

Names, Family „ Personal i. 92 93

ii. 132 111

Night, Divisions of the i. 215 187

Nine grades of official life i. 388 313

Nunneries i. 262 221

Oath of confederation ii. 146 127

Oblivion, Potion of ii. 207 189

Official corruption „ responsibility ii. 79 60

i. 232 199

Officials i. 237 202

Old age ii. 31 24

Olive, the sign of peace i. 324 256

Paper men „ money „ „ i. 49 71

i. 391 317

ii. 172 150

Pao Shu i. 166 143

Patra, The „ „ i. 395 320

i. 246 211

Pawn-shops i. 198 173

Persia ii. 25 21

Phœnix Tower ii. 270 253

Physiognomy, Professors of ii. 290 275

Planchette ii. 295 283

Playing wei-ch‘i for money ii. 271 254

Poetical proficiency i. 33 62

Police system i. 221 191

Politeness ii. 203 181

Poor scholars i. 160 142

Pope of the Taoists i. 118 114

Porterage ii. 181 164

Posthumous Honours i. 305 241

Praying for good or bad weather ii. 294 282

Praying-mat ii. 183 166

Precedence at table i. 332 261

Predestination „ i. 48 69

i. 156 138

Primogeniture i. 203 179

Prisoners in China „ „ „ „ i. 372 299

ii. 96 73

ii. 261 242

P‘u-hsien, God of Action ii. 232 214

Pulse, The i. 39 64

Punishments i. 381 306

Pupils taken by priests ii. 119 91

Purgatory, Capital of ii. 238 220

Quail-fighting i. 75 85

Quail’s Tail, A i. 209 183

Rebel, The first ii. 52 37

Red-garment figure, The i. 19 50

Red-haired barbarians ii. 179 162

Relationship, Test of ii. 278 264

Religion and the drama i. 345 277

Resemblance between soul and body ii. 280 265

Retinues of mandarins „ „ „ „ i. 389 315

ii. 174 155

ii. 175 158

Returning invitations ii. 227 206

Revenge „ for adultery i. 310, 311 243, 244

i. 62 81

Reward of filial piety i. 351 283

Rising when spoken to ii. 280 266

Roc, The ii. 341 325

Rosary, The Buddhist i. 369 295

Royal Mother, The ii. 187 170

Rulers of animal and vegetable kingdoms i. 292 235

Running water ii. 110 82

Sacred edict, The i. 203 179

Sale of children „ degrees i. 183 154

ii. 170 144

Salt monopoly ii. 215 192

“Same-year men” i. 136 128

Saving life „ „ ii. 200 178

ii. 214 191

Scribbling and carving names ii. 123 96

Sea-serpent, The ii. 113 86

Secret societies i. 196 170

Sections of Purgatory, The nine ii. 205 183

Senses, The five i. 259 220

Separation of sexes ii. 167 141

Shaking hands „ „ i. 287 233

ii. 151 134

Sham entertainment i. 323 254

Shampooing ii. 53 38

“Shang-yang” brings rain ii. 131 109

“Shoes” of silver i. 148 133

Short weights ii. 325 315

Shun, The Emperor i. 37 63

Shun Chih, The Emperor ii. 184 167

Sickness i. 107 107

Six Boards, The i. 26 54

Slave-girls’ feet i. 430 353

Slavery i. 211 185

Small feet „ „ „ waists i. 76 86

i. 192 161

ii. 47 35

Sons i. 64 82

Spirit calling „ entering another’s body i. 189 160

ii. 24 20

Spirits, Disembodied „ „ „ „ „ „ i. 79 87

i. 119 115

i. 123 119

i. 157 139

Spiritualistic séances ii. 133 112

Sponge, A i. 248 213

Spring festival ii. 186 169

Squeezes i. 219 189

Staff of Buddhist priests, The i. 395 320

Stealing, Pardonable ii. 217 196

Strong rooms ii. 172 149

Styx, The ii. 216 193

Subscriptions ii. 220 201

Substantiality of ghosts „ „ i. 239 205

ii. 236 219

Substitution theory i. 334 267

Suicide „ Meritorious i. 311 244

ii. 142 120

Superior man, The i. 168 145

Supernatural government i. 292 235

Supreme Ruler, The i. 242 209

Surnames, Common i. 210 184

Sutra, The Diamond i. 238 204

Tails of horses not cut ii. 286 272

Taking life i. 79 88

Talking when born i. 243 210

Tao i. 14 46

Taot‘ai ii. 229 207

Tartar general ii. 128 106

Temples, Repairs to ii. 127 105

Theatricals i. 218 188

Threshing-floors ii. 236 218

Thunder, God of „ „ i. 43 65

ii. 112 85

Ting P‘u-lang ii. 109 80

Titles of Nobility i. 305 241

Torture „ Supply of instruments of ii. 81 62

ii. 238 221

Tree worship ii. 72 53

Trousseau, Bride’s i. 256 218

Tung-t‘ing Lake i. 271 226

Types of friendship i. 166 143

Tzŭ-ang, a Chinese Landseer ii. 287 274

Ulysses, A Chinese i. 91 91

Ushnisha, The ii. 320 310

Valuables in coffins i. 311 245

Verdict i. 56 78

Visiting the tutor ii. 126 103

Vital spots on the body ii. 356 338

Wang Wei, The poet ii. 149 132

Washing-blocks ii. 315 301

Watchmen i. 51 72

Wedding-presents i. 28 57

Wei-ch‘i ii. 268 249

Wên-shu, the God of Wisdom ii. 232 214

White Lily sect ii. 189 171

Widowers ii. 183 165

Widows ii. 39 30

Windows i. 61 79

Wine ii. 259, 260 240, 241

Wine-cup upside down, Turning the i. 264 224

Wine taken hot ii. 144 122

Witnesses in a court of justice ii. 156 136

Women ride astride i. 354 286

Wooden fish, The ii. 195 174

Works of supererogation i. 426 346

Worldly-mindedness ii. 312 298

Wu Wang i. 278 228

Yamên i. 2 38

Yang Ta-hung ii. 310 297

Yang-tsze, The ii. 176 159

Years, Names of i. 113 111

Yellow girdles i. 66 84

Yin and the yang, The i. 176 150

Yojana, A i. 394 319

Yü-chiao-li, The ii. 164 140

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:—

CHINESE SKETCHES. Demy 8vo. pp. 204.

CHINESE WITHOUT A TEACHER. Being a Collection of Easy and Useful Sentences in the Mandarin Dialect, with a Vocabulary. Post 8vo. pp. 60, paper cover.

DICTIONARY OF COLLOQUIAL IDIOMS. In the Mandarin Dialect. Demy 4to, half bound.

FROM SWATOW TO CANTON OVERLAND. Demy 8vo. pp. 76, paper cover.

A GLOSSARY OF REFERENCE, on subjects connected with the Far East. Demy 8vo. pp. 184, paper cover.

HAND-BOOK OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. With a Vocabulary. Demy 8vo. pp. 60, paper cover.

RECORD OF THE BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS. Translated from the Chinese. Demy 8vo. pp. 130, paper cover.

SYNOPTICAL STUDIES IN THE CHINESE LANGUAGE. Demy 8vo. pp. 118, half bound.

THE SAN TZU CHING; or, Three Character Classic and the Ch‘ien Tzŭ Wên or 1,000 Character Essay Metrically translated. Post 8vo. pp. 28, paper cover.

A SHORT HISTORY OF KOOLANGSU. Demy 8vo. pp. 38, paper cover.

Notes in this chapter

Note 2 · These beadles are chosen by the officials from among the respectable and substantial of the people to preside over a small area and be respoNote 4 · That is to say, his spirit had entered, during his period of temporary insanity, into the cricket which had allowed itself to be caught by hNote 1 · This is the term used by the Chinese for “Persia,” often put by metonymy for things which come from that country, sc. “valuables.” Thus, “toNote 1 · The name here used is the Hêng or “ceaseless” river, which is applied by the Chinese to the Ganges. A certain number, extending to fifty-thrNote 2 · Drunkenness is not recognised in China as an extenuating circumstance; neither, indeed, is insanity,—a lunatic who takes another man’s life Note 3 · A favourite Chinese figure expressive of old age. It dates back to the celebrated commentary by Tso Ch‘iu Ming on Confucius’ Spring and AutuNote 1 · This term, while really including all literary men, of no matter what rank or standing, is more usually confined to that large section of unNote 1 · Unless under exceptional circumstances it is not considered creditable in China for widows to marry again. It may here be mentioned that theNote 1 · Literally, a “pig old-woman dragon.” Porpoise (Fr. porc-poisson) suggests itself at once; but I think fresh-water dolphin is the best term, Note 3 · In passing near to the women’s quarters in a friend’s house, it is etiquette to cough slightly, that inmates may be warned and withdraw fromNote 5 · Small waists are much admired in China, but any such artificial aids as stays and tight lacing are quite unknown. A certain Prince Wei admitNote 7 · A rebel chieftain of the legendary period of China’s history, who took up arms against the Emperor Huang Ti (B.C. 2697–2597), but was subseqNote 8 · This favourite process consists in gently thumping the person operated upon all over the back with the soft part of the closed fists. ComparNote 10 · Generally known as the “cut-wave God.” return to textNote 11 · At all great banquets in China a theatrical troupe is engaged to perform while the dinner, which may last from four to six hours, drags its Note 1 · In this favourite pastime of the literati in China the important point is that each word in the second line should be a due and proper antitNote 1 · The examination consists of three bouts of three days each, during which periods the candidates remain shut up in their examination cells daNote 3 · This interesting ceremony is performed by placing little conical pastilles on a certain number of spots, varying from three to twelve, on thNote 4 · There is a room in most Buddhist temples specially devoted to this purpose. return to textNote 5 · The Buddhist emblem of cleanliness; generally a yak’s tail, and commonly used as a fly-brush. return to textNote 6 · Tree-worship can hardly be said to exist in China at the present day; though at a comparatively recent epoch this phase of religious sentimeNote 1 · Literally, “had been allotted the post of Nan-fu magistrate,” such appointments being always determined by drawing lots. return to textNote 2 · Such is one common explanation of catalepsy (see No. I., note 40), it being further averred that the proper lictors of the Infernal regions Note 3 · Upon a wall at the entrance to every official residence is painted a huge fabulous animal, called Greed, in such a position that the residenNote 6 · The great sorrow of decapitation as opposed to strangulation is that the body will appear in the realms below without a head. The family of Note 7 · This story is an admirable exposé of Chinese official corruption, as rampant at the present day as ever in the long history of China. returnNote 2 · Such has, doubtless, been the occasional result of torture in China; but the singular keenness of the mandarins, as a body, in recognising tNote 4 · Alluding to a similar story, related in the Record of the Immortals, of how these two friends lost their way while gathering simples on the Note 2 · If there is one institution in the Chinese empire which is jealously guarded and honestly administered, it is the great system of competitivNote 1 · The Infernal Regions are supposed to be pretty much a counterpart of the world above, except in the matter of light. return to textNote 2 · The visitor to Canton cannot fail to observe batches of prisoners with chains on them sitting in the street outside the prisons, many of theNote 3 · The judge in a Chinese court is necessarily very much dependent on his secretaries; and, except in special cases, he takes his cue almost enNote 1 · In Book V. of Mencius’ works we read that Shun, the perfect man, stood with his face to the south, while the Emperor Yao (see No. VIII., notNote 3 · These are about as big as a cheese-plate and attached to a short stick, from which hangs suspended a small button of metal in such a manner Note 1 · A famous official who lived in the reign of Hung Wu, first Emperor of the Ming dynasty (A.D. 1368–1399). I have not been able to discover whNote 2 · The Chinese, fond as they are of introducing water, under the form of miniature lakes, into their gardens and pleasure-grounds, do not approNote 1 · That Chinaman thinks his a hard lot who cannot “eat till he is full.” It may be noticed here that the Chinese seem not so much to enjoy the Note 2 · The full explanation and origin of this saying I have failed to elucidate. Dragons are often represented with pearls before their mouths; anNote 3 · Such is the common belief in China at the present day. There is a God of Thunder who punishes wicked people; the lightning is merely a mirroNote 1 · The “sea-serpent” in this case was probably nothing more or less than some meteoric phenomenon. return to textNote 2 · The Four Seas are supposed by the Chinese to bound the habitable portions of the earth, which, by the way, they further believe to be squareNote 1 · Buddhist priests not unusually increase the revenue of their monastery by taking pupils; and it is only fair to them to add that the curricuNote 2 · These consist simply of thin slips of wood dipped in brimstone, and resemble those used in England as late as the first quarter of the preseNote 4 · Beside which lived Hsi Shih, the famous beauty of the fifth century after Christ. return to textNote 6 · The Chinese have precisely the same mania as our Browns, Joneses, and Robinsons, for scribbling and carving their names and compositions allNote 13 · Such is the invariable custom. Large presents are usually made by those who can afford the outlay, and the tutor’s name has ever afterwards Note 1 · The elaborate gilding and wood-work of an ordinary Chinese temple form a very serious item in the expense of restoration. Public subscriptioNote 2 · This is the title generally applied to the Manchu commanders of Manchu garrisons, who are stationed at certain of the most important points Note 1 · It is related in the Family Sayings, an apocryphal work which professes to give conversations of Confucius, that a number of one-legged birdNote 3 · This is a clever hit. The “personal” name of a man may not be uttered except by his father or mother, grandfather, grandmother, uncles, etc.Note 4 · I consider the whole of the above a curious story to be found in a Chinese work exactly 200 years old, but no part of it more so than the foNote 6 · The couches of the north of China are brick beds, heated by a stove underneath, and covered with a mat. Upon one of these is generally a dwaNote 1 · This would be regarded as a very meritorious act by the Chinese. return to textNote 2 · The Byron of China. return to textNote 3 · Chinese wine—or, more correctly, spirits—is always taken hot; hence the term wine-kettle, which frequently occurs in these pages. return to Note 6 · Chinese dice are the exact counterpart of our own, except that the ace and the four are coloured red: the ace because the combination of blaNote 8 · Alluding to the celebrated oath of confederation sworn in the peach garden between Kuan Yü, or Kuan Ti (see No. I., note 39), Chang Fei (seeNote 11 · The Chinese recognise no act more worthy a virtuous man than that of burying stray bones, covering up exposed coffins, and so forth. By suchNote 1 · From a poem by Wang Wei, a noted poet of the T‘ang dynasty. The second line is not given in the text. return to textNote 2 · From a poem by P‘an T‘ang-shên, which runs:—Note 3 · I have already observed that men and women should not let their hands touch when passing things to each other (see No. XL., note 233); neithNote 4 · Alluding to Wang’s breach of etiquette in visiting the father himself, instead of sending a go-between, who would have offered the same sum Note 5 · Witnesses in a Chinese court of justice take no oath, in our sense of the term. Their written depositions, however, are always ended with thNote 6 · Adoption is common all over China, and is regulated by law. For instance, an adopted son excludes all the daughters of the family. A man is Note 3 · The dénouement of the Yü-chiao-li, a small novel which was translated into French by Rémusat, and again by Julien under the title of Les DeuNote 1 · The sexes do not dine together. On the occasion of a dinner-party, private or official, the ladies give a separate entertainment to the wiveNote 2 · This occurs on the 5th of the 5th moon, and is commonly known as the Dragon-Boat Festival, from a practice of racing on that day in long, naNote 3 · A hare or rabbit is believed to sit at the foot of the cassia-tree in the moon, pounding the drugs out of which is concocted the elixir of iNote 1 · By which he would become eligible for Government employ. The sale of degrees has been extensively carried on under the present dynasty, as aNote 3 · Such is the common system of repaying the loan, by means of which an indigent nominee is enabled to defray the expenses of his journey to thNote 5 · Literally, “Square hole.” A common name for the Chinese cash. See No. II., note 42. return to textNote 6 · In the case of wealthy families these strong rooms often contain, in addition to bullion, jewels to a very great amount belonging to the ladNote 7 · Pieces of silver and gold paper made up to represent the ordinary Chinese “shoes” of bullion (See No. XVIII., note 133), and burnt for the uNote 12 · The retinue of a Mandarin should be in accordance with his rank. I have given elsewhere (See No. LVI., note 315) what would be that of an ofNote 14 · Good writing holds a much higher place in the estimation of the Chinese than among western nations. The very nature of their characters raisNote 15 · The commentator here adds a somewhat similar case, which actually occurred in the reign of K‘ang Hsi, of a Viceroy modestly attended fallingNote 1 · The Yang-tsze: sometimes spoken of as the Long River. return to footnote anchor 159 return to footnote anchor 246Note 2 · The full point of this story can hardly be conveyed in translation. The man’s surname was Sun, and his prænomen, Pi-chên, (which in Chinese Note 1 · We read in the History of Amoy:—“In the year 1622 the red-haired barbarians seized the Pescadores and attacked Amoy.” From the Pescadores thNote 2 · Our author would here seem to have heard of the famous bull’s hide which is mentioned in the first book of the Æneid. In any case, the substNote 1 · The common method of porterage in China is by a bamboo pole over the shoulder with well-balanced burdens hanging from each end. I have oftenNote 1 · It would be more usual to “renew the guitar string,” as the Chinese idiom runs. In the paraphrase of the first maxim of the Sacred Edict we Note 2 · This, as well as the staff mentioned below, belongs to Buddhism. See No. IV., note 46. return to textNote 1 · The first Manchu ruler of the empire of China. He came to the throne in A.D. 1644. return to textNote 2 · The vernal equinox, which would fall on or about the 20th of March. return to textNote 3 · A fabulous lady, said to reside at the summit of the K‘un-lun mountain, where, on the border of the Gem Lake, grows the peach-tree of the anNote 4 · One of the most celebrated of the numerous secret societies of China, the origin of which dates back to about A.D. 1350. Its members have alNote 5 · Of Chinese jugglers, Ibn Batuta writes as follows:—“They produced a chain fifty cubits in length, and in my presence threw one end of it towNote 1 · This instrument, used by Buddhist priests in the musical accompaniment to their liturgies, is said to be so called because a fish never closNote 2 · The duties of Coroner belong to the office of a District Magistrate in China. return to textNote 2 · We have in this story the keynote to the notorious and much-to-be-deprecated dislike of the Chinese people to assist in saving the lives of Note 3 · As there are good and bad foxes, so may devils be beneficent or malicious according to circumstances; and Chinese apologists for the discourNote 5 · A phrase constantly repeated, in other terms, by a guest to a host who is politely escorting him to the door. return to textNote 1 · The spiritual lictors who are supposed to arrest the souls of dying persons, are also believed to be armed with warrants signed and sealed iNote 2 · Literally, the “nine dark places,” which will remind readers of Dante of the nine “bolgie” of the Inferno. return to textNote 3 · This is a cliff over which sinners are hurled, to alight upon the upright points of knives below. The branches of the Sword Tree are sharp bNote 2 · According to the Yü-li-ch‘ao, this potion is administered by an old beldame, named Mother Mêng, who sits upon the Terrace of Oblivion. “WhetNote 1 · And such is actually the prevalent belief in China to this day. return to footnote anchor 190 return to footnote 267Note 1 · Note 178 to No. CVII. should be read here. To save life is indeed the bounden duty of every good Buddhist, for which he will be proportionatNote 1 · Salt is a Government monopoly in China, and its sale is only permitted to licensed dealers. It is a contraband article of commerce, whether Note 2 · The Styx. return to textNote 3 · These words require some explanation. Ordinarily they would be taken in the sense of casting cash of a base description; but they might equaNote 5 · No Chinese magistrate would be found to pass sentence upon a man who stole food under stress of hunger. return to textNote 3 · Such is one of the most common causes of hostile demonstration against Chinese Christians. The latter, acting under the orders of the missioNote 4 · An historical character who was formerly among the ranks of the Yellow Turban rebels, but subsequently entered the service of Kuan Yü (see NNote 5 · This curious ceremony is the final touch to a newly-built or newly-restored temple, and consists in giving expression to the eyes of the freNote 6 · Such indeed is the fate of a per-centage of all public subscriptions raised and handled by Chinese of no matter what class. A year or two agNote 1 · It is considered a serious breach of Chinese etiquette to accept invitations without returning the compliment at an early date. return to teNote 2 · A high Chinese official, known to foreigners as Intendant of Circuit; the circuit being a circuit of Prefectures, over which he has full conNote 3 · Much of the above recalls Fa Hsien’s narrative of his celebrated journey from China to India in the early years of the fifth century of our Note 5 · For Kuan-yin, see No. XXXIII., note 208. Wên-shu, or Manjusiri, is the God of Wisdom, and is generally represented as riding on a lion, in aNote 2 · The term here used stands for a vitreous composition that has long been prepared by the Chinese. Glass, properly so called, is said to have Note 2 · A large, smooth, area of concrete, to be seen outside all country houses of any size, and used for preparing the various kinds of grain. retNote 3 · Compare—“The not uncommon practice of strewing ashes to show the footprints of ghosts or demons takes for granted that they are substantial Note 1 · Fêng-tu is a district city in the province of Szechuen, and near it are said to be fire-wells (see Williams’ Syllabic Dictionary, s.v.), othNote 2 · To the Imperial Treasury. From what I know of the barefacedness of similar official impostures, I should say that this statement is quite wiNote 4 · An Imperial mandate is always written on yellow silk, and the ceremony of opening and perusing it is accompanied by prostrations and other aNote 1 · Innumerable pamphlets have been published in China on the best methods of getting rid of these destructive insects, but none to my knowledgeNote 2 · See No. LII., note 286. The mules of the north of China are marvels of beauty and strength; and the price of a fine animal often goes as higNote 2 · The highly educated Confucianist rises above the superstition that darkens the lives of his less fortunate fellow countrymen. Had such a dreNote 3 · The Chinese love to refer to the “good old time” of their forefathers, when a man who dropped anything on the highway would have no cause toNote 1 · One method is to wrap an old mirror (formerly a polished metal disc) in a handkerchief, and then, no one being present, to bow seven times tNote 2 · In former days, these messengers of good tidings to candidates whose homes were in distant parts used to earn handsome sums if first to annoNote 1 · Accurate anatomical descriptions must not be looked for in Chinese literature. “Man has three hundred and sixty-five bones, corresponding toNote 3 · Radix robiniæ amaræ. return to textNote 4 · As the Chinese invariably do whenever they get hold of a useful prescription or remedy. Master workmen also invariably try to withhold sometNote 5 · The text has “of two hundred hoofs.” return to textNote 1 · The ordinary “wine” of China is a spirit distilled from rice. See No. XCIII., note 122. return to textNote 2 · The commentator would have us believe that Mr. Lin’s fondness for wine was to him an element of health and happiness rather than a disease tNote 1 · In an entry on torture (see No. LXXIII., note 62), which occurs in my Glossary of Reference, I made the following statement:—“The real tortuNote 2 · For a small bribe, the soldiers at the gates of a Chinese city will usually pass people in and out by means of a ladder placed against the wNote 1 · This corresponds to our ceremony of laying the foundation stone, except that one commemorates the beginning, the other the completion, of a Note 1 · A most abstruse and complicated game of skill, for which the Chinese claim an antiquity of four thousand years, and which I was the first toNote 2 · On this day, annually dedicated to kite-flying, picnics, and good cheer, everybody tries to get up to as great an elevation as possible, in Note 4 · One of the prêtas, or the fourth of the six paths (gâti) of existence; the other five being (1) angels, (2) men, (3) demons, (5) brute beastNote 5 · An imaginary building in the Infernal Regions. return to textNote 6 · Mencius reckoned “to play wei-ch‘i for money” among the five unfilial acts. return to textNote 2 · That is, in carrying out the obligations he had entered into, such as conducting the ceremonies of ancestral worship, repairing the family tNote 1 · The long flowing robe is a sign of respectability which all but the very poorest classes love to affect in public. At the port of Haiphong, Note 1 · The clay image makers of Tientsin are wonderfully clever in taking likenesses by these means. Some of the most skilful will even manipulate Note 4 · Such is the officially authorised method of determining a doubtful relationship between a dead parent and a living child, substituting a bonNote 1 · “In various savage superstitions the minute resemblance of soul to body is forcibly stated.”—Myths and Myth-makers, by John Fiske, p. 228. rNote 2 · An important point in Chinese etiquette. It is not considered polite for a person in a sitting position to address an equal who is standing.Note 3 · By becoming his son and behaving badly to him. See No. CX., note 190, and the text to which it refers. return to textNote 2 · The examiner for the bachelor’s, or lowest, degree. return to textNote 1 · The Chinese never cut the tails of their horses or mules. return to textNote 2 · One of the feudal Governors of by-gone days. return to textNote 3 · A Chinese Landseer. return to textNote 1 · Advertisements of these professors of physiognomy are to be seen in every Chinese city. return to textNote 4 · A doctor of any repute generally has large numbers of such certificates, generally engraved on wood, hanging before and about his front doorNote 5 · The story is intended as a satire upon Chinese doctors generally, whose ranks are recruited from the swarms of half-educated candidates who Note 3 · A sneer at the superstitious custom of praying for good or bad weather, which obtains in China from the Son of Heaven himself down to the loNote 1 · Planchette was in full swing in China at the date of the composition of these stories, more than 200 years ago, and remains so at the presenNote 2 · An official who flourished in the eighth century of our era, and who, for his devotion to the Taoist religion, was subsequently canonized asNote 1 · Literally, “golden oranges.” These are skilfully preserved by the Cantonese, and form a delicious sweetmeat for dessert. return to textNote 1 · A.D. 1573–1620, the epoch of the most celebrated “blue china.” return to textNote 1 · A satirical remark of Mencius (Book I.), used by the sage when combating the visionary projects of a monarch of antiquity. return to textNote 2 · This disgusting process is too frequently performed by native butchers at the present day, in order to give their meat a more tempting appeaNote 1 · The city of Canton boasts several “cat and dog” restaurants; but the consumption of this kind of food is much less universal than is generalNote 3 · The Chinese dog is usually an ill-fed, barking cur, without one redeeming trait in its character. Valued as a guardian of house and propertyNote 1 · A celebrated scholar and statesman, who flourished towards the close of the Ming dynasty, and distinguished himself by his impeachment of thNote 2 · Mr. Yang was a man of tried virtue, and had he been able to tolerate oculo irretorto, the loss of his money, the priest would have given himNote 1 · Alchemy was widely cultivated in China during the Han dynasty by priests of the Taoist religion, but all traces of it have now long since diNote 3 · These are used, together with a heavy wooden bâton, by the Chinese washerman, the effect being most disastrous to a European wardrobe. returNote 5 · To provide coffins for poor people has ever been regarded as an act of transcendent merit. The tornado at Canton, in April, 1878, in which sNote 3 · The God of Literature. return to textNote 6 · A fleshy protuberance on the head, which is the distinguishing mark of a Buddha. return to textNote 7 · The eighteen personal disciples of Shâkyamuni Buddha. Sixteen of these are Hindoos, which number was subsequently increased by the addition Note 1 · Literally, “wind and water,” or that which cannot be seen and that which cannot be grasped. I have explained the term in my Chinese SketchesNote 2 · As a rule, only the daughters of wealthy families receive any education to speak of. return to textNote 3 · A reprehensible proceeding in the eyes of all respectable Chinese, both from a moral and a practical point of view; “for when brothers fall Note 1 · Chinese tradesmen invariably begin by giving short weight in such transactions as these, partly in order to be in a position to gratify the Note 2 · A common saying is “Foxes in the north; devils in the south,” as illustrative of the folk-lore of these two great divisions of China. returnNote 1 · In no country in the world is adulteration more extensively practised than in China, the only formal check upon it being a religious one—theNote 2 · The text has here a word (literally, “mud”) explained to be the name of a boneless aquatic creature, which on being removed from the water lNote 2 · There is a widespread belief that human life in China is held at a cheap rate. This may be accounted for by the fact that death is the legalNote 1 · This story is inserted chiefly in illustration of the fact that all countries have a record of some enormous bird such as the roc of the “ArNote 1 · The term here used refers to a creature which partakes rather of the fabulous than of the real. The Kuang-yün says it is “a kind of lion;” bNote 1 · The Law of Inheritance, as it obtains in China, has been ably illustrated by Mr. Chal. Alabaster in Vols. V. and VI. of the China Review. ThNote 2 · Clouds being naturally connected in every Chinaman’s mind with these fabulous creatures, the origin of which has been traced by some to wateNote 1 · When the soul of the Emperor T‘ai Tsung of the T‘ang dynasty was in the infernal regions, it promised to send Yen-lo (the Chinese Yama or PlNote 2 · As the Chinese believe that their disembodied spirits proceed to a world organised on much the same model as the one they know, so do they tNote 3 · A dying man is almost always moved into his coffin to die; and aged persons frequently take to sleeping regularly in the coffins provided agNote 2 · The Chinese distinguish sixteen vital spots on the front of the body and six on the back, with thirty-six and twenty non-vital spots in simiNote 1 · Certain classes of soothsayers are believed by the Chinese to be possessed by foxes, which animals have the power of looking into the future
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