Volume 40 — CAMERON STEAM PUMP,

Also known as the "SPECIAL" PUMP, is the standard of excellence at home and abroad. For Price Lists, address

CAMERON PUMP WORKS,

Foot East 23d Street, New York.

SHEPARD'S CELEBRATED $50 Screw Cutting Foot Lathe.

Foot and Power Lathes, Drill Presses, Scrolls, Circular and Band Saws, Saw Attachments, Chucks, Mandrels, Twist Drills, Dogs, Calipers, etc. Send for catalogue of outfits for amateurs or artisans.

H. L. SHEPARD & CO., 333, 335, & 337 West Front Street,

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Established 1844. JOSEPH C. TODD,

Engineer and Machinist. Flax, Hemp, Jute, Rope, Oakum and Bagging Machinery, Steam Engines, Boilers, etc. I also manufacture Baxter's New Portable Engine of 1877. Can be seen in operation at my store. A one horse-power portable engine, complete, $125; two horse-power, $225; two and a half horse-power, $250; three horse-power, $275. Manufactured exclusively by

J. C. TODD, 10 Barclay St., New York, or Paterson, N. J.

Send for Catalogue

Steel Castings,

From ¼ to 10,000 lbs. weight, true to pattern, sound and solid, of unequaled strength, toughness and durability. An invaluable substitute for forgings or cast-iron requiring three-fold strength. Send for circular & price list. Chester Steel Castings Co., Evelina St., Phila, Pa.

Shafts, Pulleys, Hangers, Etc.

Full assortment in store for immediate delivery. WM. SELLERS & CO.,

79 Liberty Street, New York.

THE LEHIGH VALLEY EMERY WHEEL CO., WEISSPORT, Carbon Co., Pa. Manufacturers of Wheels and Machines.

CENTENNIAL AND PARIS MEDALS. Mason's Friction Clutches and Elevators. "New and Improved Patterns." 20 per cent. off list. VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Providence, R. I., U.S.A.

RUFFNER & DUNN, Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Excelsior Steel Tube Cleaners. Price $1.00 per inch. Send for circular.

SCHUYLKILL FALLS, PHILA., PA.

WOODWORTH SURFACE PLANERS, $125. Planers and Matchers, $350. S. C. HILLS, 78 Chambers Street, New York.

The Columbia Bicycle, Made by THE POPE M'F'G CO., 89 Summer Street, Boston.

A practical road machine, easy to learn to ride, and when mastered one can beat the best horse in a day's run over an ordinary road. Send 3c. stamp for price list and 24-page catalogue with full informat'n.

BRADFORD MILL CO. Successors to Jas. Bradford & Co., MANUFACTURERS OF French Buhr Millstones, Portable Corn & Flour Mills, Smu Machines, etc. Also, dealers in Bolting Cloths and General Mill Furnishings. Office & Factory, 158 W. 2d St. CINCINNATI, O. J. R. Stewart, Pres. W. R. Dunlap, Sec.

☞ PRICE LISTS SENT ON APPLICATION.

SECOND-HAND BOILERS AND MACHINERY FOR SALE.—Boilers from 30 to 70 horse power, 15-horse power portable Engine, one 60-inch Lathe, two Upright Drills, Blowers, etc., etc. For prices, etc., address JAMES F. MANN, Utica, N. Y.

WETHERILL & BROTHER, PHILADELPHIA. Pure White Lead

ROCK DRILLS. National Drill and Compressor Co., 95 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK. AIR COMPRESSORS to be run by Steam, Water Power, or Belt.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY.

13 Different machines with which Builders, Cabinet Makers, Wagon Makers, and Jobbers in miscellaneous work can compete as to Quality and Price with steam power manufacturing; also Amateurs' supplies. Machines sent on trial.

Say where you read this, and send for catalogue and prices.

W. F. & JOHN BARNES, Rockford, Winnebago Co., Ill.

NAT'L BOLT & PIPE MACHINERY CO.,

Mfrs. of Hand and Power Bolt and Pipe Cutters, Bolt Pointers, Bolt Headers, Hot and Cold Pressed Nut Machinery, Taps and Dies, etc. Send for Cir. Cleveland, O.

BOILER COVERINGS. WITH THE "AIR SPACE" IMPROVEMENTS. THE CHALMERS-SPENCE CO., Foot E. 9th St., New York. Sole owners of the Air Space Patents.

THE TANITE CO., STROUDSBURG, PA. EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS.

LONDON—9 St. Andrews St., Holborn Viaduct, E. C. LIVERPOOL—42 The Temple, Dale St. GEO. PLACE, 121 Chambers St., New York Agent.

PATENTS at AUCTION.

Regular Monthly Sales. For terms, address N. Y. PATENT EXCHANGE, 67 Liberty Street, New York.

Holly's Improved Water Works.

Direct Pumping Plan. Combines, with other advantages, over older systems, the following: 1. Secures by variable pressure a more reliable water supply for all purposes. 2. Less cost for construction. 3. Less cost for maintenance. 4. Less cost for daily supply by the use of Holly's Improved Pumping Machinery. 5. Affords the best fire protection in the world. 6. Largely reduces insurance risks and premiums. 7. Dispenses with fire engines, in whole or in part. 8. Reduces fire department expenses. For information by descriptive pamphlet, or otherwise, address the

HOLLY MANUFACTURING CO., Lockport, N. Y.

Every Man HIS OWN Printer.

THE EXCELSIOR

$3 Press Prints labels, cards etc. (Self-inker $5) 9 Larger sizes For business, pleasure, young or old Catalogue of Presses, Type, Etc., for 2 stamps.

KELSEY & Co. Meriden, Conn.

Pyrometers. For showing heat of ovens. Hot Blast Pipes, Boiler Flues, Superheated Steam, Oil Stills, etc.

HENRY W. BULKLEY, Sole Manufacturer,

149 Broadway, N. Y.

Machinists' Tools.

New and Improved Patterns. Send for new illustrated catalogue. Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c. NEW HAVEN MANUFACTURING CO.,

New Haven, Conn.

HERMETICAL SANITARY CLOSET GUARANTEED ABSOLUTELY WATER & GAS TIGHT SEND FOR CIRCULAR John S. Leng, 4 Fletcher St. N. Y.

Cigar Box Lumber,

MANUFACTURED by our NEW PATENT PROCESS. The Best in the World. SPANISH CEDAR, MAHOGANY, POPLAR.

Also thin lumber of all other kinds, 1/8 to 1/2 in., at corresponding prices. All qualities. Equal in all respects to any made, and at prices much under any to be obtained outside of our establishment. Send for price list.

GEO. W. READ & CO.,

186 to 200 Lewis Street, N. Y.

BOGARDUS' PATENT UNIVERSAL ECCENTRIC MILLS—For grinding Bones, Ores, Sand, Old Crucibles, Fire Clay, Guanos, Oil Cake, Feed, Corn, Corn and Cob, Tobacco, Snuff, Sugar, Salts, Roots, Spices, Coffee, Cocoanut, Flaxseed, Asbestos, Mica, etc., and whatever cannot be ground by other mills. Also for Paints, Printers' Inks, Paste Blacking, etc. JOHN W. THOMSON, successor to JAMES BOGARDUS, corner of White and Elm Sts., New York.

THE WATSON PUMP, FOR ARTESIAN, OR DEEPWELL PUMPING, PISTON ROD, PLUNGER & WELL ROD IN DIRECT LINE MACHINE SIMPLE, EFFICIENT. JAMES WATSON. 1608. S. FRONT ST. PHILA.

FARM LAW. ADDRESS OF HON. EDMUND H. Bennett, delivered before the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture. This is an essay embracing complete and practical information, valuable not only to the farmer but to every one. Showing how to Buy a Farm: Bargains that are not Binding; Boundaries, and where they are in Streams, Ponds, Lakes, or on the Seashore; what a Deed of a Farm includes; Rights in the Road. Farm Fences: their Legal Height, etc. Railway Fences. Stray cattle; Cattle on Railways; Impounding Cattle. The Farmer's Liability for his Animals. The Law on the Dog. The Farmer not Liable for his Dogs. Water Rights and Drainage; Damming; Diverting the Course of a Stream. Surface Water; Underground Water. Trespassing, in Summer and in Winter. Hunting and Fishing. Fruit Trees on Boundary Lines, etc., etc. Contained in Scientific American Supplement 166. Price 10 cents.

THE UNION IRON MILLS. Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturers of improved wrought iron Beams and Girders (patented).

The great fall which has taken place in the prices of Iron, and especially in Beams used in the construction of FIRE PROOF BUILDINGS, induces us to call the special attention of Engineers, Architects, and Builders to the undoubted advantages of now erecting Fire Proof structures; and by reference to pages 52 & 54 of our Book of Sections—which will be sent on application to those contemplating the erection of fire proof buildings—THE COST CAN BE ACCURATELY CALCULATED, the cost of Insurance avoided, and the serious losses and interruption to business caused by fire; these and like considerations fully justify any additional first cost. It is believed, that, were owners fully aware of the small difference which now exists between the use of Wood and Iron, in many cases the latter would be adopted. We shall be pleased to furnish estimates for all the Beams complete, for any specific structure, so that the difference in cost may at once be ascertained. Address

CARNEGIE, BROS. & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa.

ICE AT $1.00 PER TON. The PICTET ARTIFICIAL ICE CO., LIMITED, Room 51, Coal and Iron Exchange, P. O. Box 3083, N. Y.

Liquid Paints, Roofing, Boiler Coverings, Steam Packing, Sheathings, Fire Proof Coatings, Cements, &c. Send for Descriptive Price List. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO. 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y.

$10 to $1000 Invested in Wall St. Stocks makes fortunes every month. Books sent free explaining everything.

Address BAXTER & CO., Bankers, 17 Wall St., N. Y.

The "Scientific American" is printed with CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, and 59 Gold St., New York.

Transcriber's Notes:

Table of Contents: Article named "Buffalo, the domestication of" page 197 was not included in the original.

Table of Contents: Article named "Steamship, ocean, large" page 196 was not included in the original.

Table of Contents: Article named "Specimen, a rare geological" page 196 was not included in the Table of Contents.