NECESSARY RVLES AND SHORT OBSERVATIONS FOR THE Trve Pronovncing And speedie learning of The Italian Tongue. (continued 3)
Reading edition
Di méno, by lesse.
Di più, by more.
Di souẻrchio, ouerplus.
Due uólte tánto, twice as much.
Etiandío, moreuer, besides.
Fuór di misúra, out of measure.
Fuór di módo, beyond measure.
Grandeménte, greatly.
Guári, much.
Inóltre, moreoer.
Insiẻme, together with.
Insiẻmeménte, idem.
In tútto, altogether.
In párte, in part, somewhat.
In tútto ẻt pẻr tútto, wholy and altogether.
Maggiorménte, so much the more.
Massimaménte, chiefely.
Mánco, lesse.
Méno, lesse.
Menméno, much lesse.
Míca, a whit, a iot, a crum.
Minorménte, so much the lesse.
Mólto, much.
Mólto mánco, much lesse.
Mólto méno, much lesse.
Mólto più, much more.
Ne, some, of it, thereof.
Niẻnte, nothing.
Niẻnteménte, nothing at all.
Niúna cósa, no one thing.
Non chè, much lesse, not onely.
Non míca, not a whit or iot.
Non púre, not so much, or not onely.
Non solaménte, not onely.
Non sólo, not onely.
Non si può dire, it cannot be said.
Non tánto, not so much.
Núlla, naught, nothing.
Nullaménte, nothing at all.
Nulla mánco, nothing lesse.
Nulla più, nothing more.
Oltre, besides, mereouer.
Oltreacciò, besides that.
Oltre credẻnza, beyond thought.
Oltre ciò, besides that.
Oltre misúra, beyond measure.
Oltre módo, beyond measure.
Oltre quéllo, besides that.
Oltre quésto, besides this.
Pẻr mánco, by or for lesse.
Pẻr mólto, by or for much.
Pẻr più, by or for more.
Pẻr póco, by or for little.
Più, more.
Più chè, more then.
Più del bisógno, more then neede.
Più del douére, more then ought.
Póco, little, a little.
Póco méno, a little lesse.
Póco più, a little more.
Pochetíno, a very little.
Popóco, a very little.
Pocolíno, a very little.
Popocolíno, a very little.
Prẻsso chè, very neere, almost.
Púnto, a whit, a iot, a crum.
Púnto púnto, never a whit.
Púre, so much, enough.
Pur' assái, very much, enough.
Purpúre, yet more.
Quánto, how much, as much.
Quánto méno, how much lesse.
Quánto più, how much more.
Quási, almost, welnigh.
Rádo, seld, rare, geason.
Ráro, seld, rare, geason.
Sẻnza, without, sans.
Sẻnza núlla, without anything.
Sẻnza più, without more.
Smisurataménte. vnmeasurably.
Solaménte, only, but.
Sólo, only, but.
Stẻrminataménte, vnmeasurably.
Stremaménte, extremely.
Tánto, so much, as much.
Tantolíno, a very very little quantitie.
Tantíno, Idem.
Tánto méno, so much lesse.
Tanto più, so much more.
Tanto quánto, as much as.
Totalménte, altogether, all.
Trè cotánto, thrice as much.
Tróppo, too much, ouer much.
Tútto, all euery whit.
Tutútto, all, euery whit.
Vía víe, much, a great deale.
Vie méno, much lesse.
Vie più, much more.
Vn móndo, a world, a deale.
Aduerbs of denial or refusall.
A púnto, tush, not a whit.
Made nò, marvie sir no.
Madónna nò, no mistresse.
Meffẻ nò, in good faith no.
Messer nò, no sir.
Nè, neither so nor so.
Ne méno, much lesse, neither.
Nò, no, nay.
Nò cẻrto, no certes.
Nón, not, no, nay.
Non già, not now.
Non gia mái, not at any time.
Non mái, no neuer.
Non míca, no not a whit.
Nò nò, no no, nay nay, not.
Pẻr niẻnte, no by no meanes.
Signóra nò, no mistris.
Signór nò, no sir.
Aduerbs of wishing or imploring.
A Dio non piáccia, let it neuer please God.
Ben' hággia, well may he fare.
Buón prò, ioy may you haue.
Col buón anno, with with a good yeere.
Colla mála pásqua, with an ill Easter.
Coll mal'ánno, with an ill yeere.
A dio piáccia, God forbid.
Dẻh, oh, for Gods sake.
Dio vóglia, God grant.
Dio vóglia chè, God grant that.
Dio volésse, would to God.
Die volésse chè, would to God that.
Dio non vóglia, God forbid.
In buón'hóra, in good time.
In mal'hóra, in ill time.
Magári, would God it were so.
Mal'hággia, ill may he fare.
Mal prò, Idem.
Mal gli vẻnga, ill come to him.
Mal vi vẻnga, ill come to you.
Oh, oh God.
O chè, oh God that.
O chè piacésse a Dio, oh that it would please God.
O chè piáccia a dio, oh that it may please God.
O dío, oh God.
O dío chè, oh God that.
O sè, oh if that.
Piacésse a dio, might it please God.
Piáccia a dio, may it please God.
Vóglia dio, God grant.
Vóglia il ciẻlo, heauens grant.
Volésse dio, would to God.
Volésse il cielo, oh that heauens would.
Aduerbes of affirming, of asseueration, or of swearing.
A fè, in faith.
A féde, in faith.
A fè di dío, by the faith of God.
Al córpo dì, by the body of.
Al fẻrmo, most assuredly.
Al sangue dì, by the blood of.
Al sicúro, assuredly, certes.
Al tútto, altogether sure.
Bè, well well, it is so.
Benbéne, very well.
Ben sái, will wot you.
Cẻrtaménte, certainly.
Cẻrto, certes, truly.
Chiáro, manifestly.
Chi ne dúbita? who doubts of it?
Da douéro, in good truth.
Da buón sénno, in very good truth and earnest.
Da galánt'huómo, as I am an vpright man.
Da huómo da béne, as I am an honest man.
Da sénno, in good earnest.
Da véro, in good truth.
Del cẻrto, most certainly.
Del sicúro, most assuredly.
Dio vel díca, and may God tell you.
Gnáffe, in good faith.
Guagnẻlle, by the holy Gospell.
In buóna fè, in good faith.
Indubitataménte, without doubt.
In verità, in veritie and truth.
In véro, in truth,forsooth.
Made sì, yea marry.
Madónna sì, yea mistris.
Meffe sì, yea in faith sir.
Messer sì, yea sir.
Pẻr cẻrto, for a certaintie.
Pẻr Dío, by God.
Pẻr l'anima mía. by my soule.
Pẻr l'honór mio, by my honour.
Pẻr mía féde, by my faith.
Pẻr questa cróce, by this crosse.
Pẻr quésti sácri Euangẻlij, by these holy Euangelists.
Pẻr quel' dio ch'ío adóro, by that God that I worship.
Sì, yea, yes.
Sì cẻrto, yea certes.
Sì del cẻrto, yea assuredly.
Sicuraménte, assuredly.
Sì sì, yes yes, yea yea.
Sì veraménte, yes truly.
Signóra sì, yes Mistris.
Signór sì, yea Sir.
Sì in uerità, yes in truth.
Sì da douéro, yes in earnest.
Veraménte, verily, truely.
Verissimaménte, most truely.
Aduerbes of calling or inuoking.
O, oh, what, ho!
Oh, oh, what hoe!
Oh là, oh there, who is there?
Olà, idem.
Chi ẻ là? who is there?
Chi và là? Who goes there?
Aduerbs of encouraging or animating.
A chi dico io? to whom do I speake?
Arditaménte, goe on boldly.
Chè si stà a fáre, what a gods name doe you?
Corággio, courage, take a good heart.
Di grátia, away, on I pray you.
Horsúso, idem.
Hor vía, idem.
In nóme di dío, on a gods name.
Inánzi, on before, away.
Óltra, idem.
Oróltra, idem.
O vía, idem.
Pẻr cortesía, away, goe too I pray you.
Sù, on, away, couragiously.
Susù, idem.
Sù vía, idem.
Sẻnza paúra, on without feare.
Vía, away, on, feare not.
Vía uía, idem.
Aduerbs of prohibition or forbidding.
Dẻh, fie, away, for shame.
Dẻh nón, doe not so, leaue off.
Dẻh guárda, take heed I pray you.
Guárda, Looke well, take heed.
Guárda béne, Looke well.
Guárda la gámba, take heed.
Guárdati, Looke to thy selfe.
Láscia, leaue of, let alone.
Láscia stáre, idem.
Nón fáre, doe not, take heed.
Piáno, faire and softly.
Và piáno, goe softly.
Aduerbs of demonstration.
Écco, loe, behold, here is.
Éccoci, loe vs, behold vs.
Éccogli, behold them.
Éccola, behold hir.
Éccole, behold them.
Éccoli, behold them.
Éccolo, behold him.
Éccone, behold vs or some.
Éccoui, behold you or there.
Vè, looke, behold.
Vẻgli, behold them.
Vẻlla, behold hir.
Vẻllo, behold him.
Aduerbes of doubting or vncertainty.
Chi sà, who can tell.
Fórse, perhaps, happily.
Fórse sarà, perhaps it may be.
Mà, but, yea but.
Mapúre, yea but.
Masè, but if.
Ouéro, or, either, or else.
O nò o sì, either no or yea.
O sì o nò, either yea or no.
Pẻrauentúra, peraduenture.
Potrẻbbe ẻssere, perhaps it may be.
Sè, if, if peraduenture.
Sè già, if now, if yet.
Se pẻr sórte, if by chance.
Se púre, if yet, if so.
Se auuenisse, if it should happen.
Si mà, yea but.
Aduerbs of concluding sence or yeelding reason.
Adúnque, then.
Chè, then, there.
Da chè, since that, sithence.
Da pói chè, idem.
Dúnque, then.
Il pẻrchè, then, the reason why.
Impẻrciò, then, therefore.
Imperò, then, therefore.
Impẻrciò che, because that.
Imperochè, idem.
Impẻrtánto, therefore, because.
Impẻrtánto chè, because that.
Mercè, by means whereof.
Pẻrchè, because, therefore.
Pẻrciò, because, therefore.
Pẻrciochè, for because that.
Pẻr tánto, therefore.
Pẻr tánto chè.
Tant'ẻ, so it is, therefore.
Tra pẻr, what betweene.
Aduerbs of comparing of respect or relation.
A cánto, respect.
A comparatióne, in comparison.
A frónte, in respect, being compared.
A láto, idem.
A pẻtto, idem.
A rispẻtto, idem.
Altretánto, as much more.
Assái meno, much lesse.
Assái pẻggio, much worse.
Assái mẻglio, much better.
Assái più, much more.
Che, then, then that.
Che nón, then, then is.
Dì, then, then that.
Dúe tánti, twice as much.
Mẻglio, better, best.
Meglióre, better, best.
Mánco, lesse, not so much.
Méno, idem.
Mólto mẻglio, much better.
Mólto méno, much lesse.
Mólto pẻggio, much worse.
Mólto più, much more.
Pẻggio, worse, worser.
Pẻggio assái, much worse.
Peggióre, worse, the worst.
Più, more, more then.
Più alto, higher.
Più bẻllo, fairer.
Più gránde, greater.
Più assái, much more.
Póco mánco, much lesse.
Póco méno, little lesse.
Póco più, little more.
Vía méno, much lesse.
Vía più, much more.
Víe méno, much lesse.
Víe più, much more.
Aduerbes of declaration, or distinction.
All'ópere, that is to say.
Al quía, comming to a conclusion.
A sapére, to wit, that is to say.
Cioẻ, to wit, that is to say.
Ciò vále, that is as much to say.
Ciò vuól díre, Idem.
Cóme a dire, as a man would say.
Cóme pẻr essẻmpio, as for example.
Cóme sarẻbbe a díre, as a man would say.
Id ẻst, id est, that is to wit.
Mà, but, but yet.
Mapúre, but yet.
Nè, nor, neither.
Ò, or, or else, either.
O púre, or else yet.
O pure sè, or if that.
O quésto o quéllo, or this or that.
O sì o nò, either yea or no.
Oueraménte, or else, either.
Ouéro, or else, or, either.
Qualsi vóglia, whatsoeuer, whosoeuer.
Qualsi sía, Idem.
Vẻrbi grátia, as for example.
Aduerbes of exception.
A sapére, that is to say except.
Cauátone, except, sauing.
Chè, but except.
Da l'infuóri, sauing, except, but.
Da infuóri, idem.
Da quéllo infuóri, that excepted.
Da quésto infuóri, this excepted.
Eccẻtto, except, sauing, but.
Eccẻttone, Idem.
Fuóri, Idem.
Fuór chè, Idem.
Fuór di, Idem.
In fuóri, Idem.
Mà, idem.
Sáluo, idem.
Sáluo chè, idem.
Sáluo solo, onely, except, saue onely.
Senón, but, except, sauing.
Senon chè, sauing that, but that.
Senon sólo, but that only.
Senon in quánto, except so much.
Sólo, but, only except, saue only.
Sólo chè, Idem.
Tólto fuóri, Idem.
Tóltone, Idem.
Tóltone vía, Idem.
Tólto vía, Idem.
Aduerbes of asking or questioning.
A chè? why? to what end?
A che fóggia? how?
A che guísa? how?
A che módo? how?
A che siámo? how are we?
A che vía? how? what way?
Che? what?
Che cósa? what? what thing?
Che diáuolo? what the diuell?
Che dómine? what a Gods name?
Che vuól dire? what meanes?
Che no? what not?
Che sì? what yes?
Che sì che sì? What what if?
Che sì che nò? what yes or not?
Cóme? how? in what maner?
In che fóggia? Idem.
In che guísa? Idem.
In che maniẻra? Idem.
In che módo? Idem.
Onde? whence?
Onde auuiéne? whence comes it?
Onde ẻ? whence is it?
Pẻr che? why? wherefore?
Pẻr che nò? why not?
Pẻr qual cagióne? for what cause?
Quándo? when? at what time?
Quánto? how long? how much?
Aduerbes of giuing thankes.
Dio vel mẻriti, God reward you.
Dio vel rẻnda, God yeeld you thankes.
Gramercè, God a mercie, great thankes.
Gratie habbiáte, thankes haue you.
Mille gramercè, a thousand thankes.
Mille grátie, a thousand thankes.
Vi báfcio le máni, I kisse your hands.
Vi ringrátio, I thanke you.
Aduerbes of admiration.
Come può ẻssere! how may it be!
Dẻh cóme! oh God how!
Dẻh Dío! oh God! oh Lord God!
Giesù! Iesus! oh God!
Oh dío! oh God!
Può far' il móndo! Is it possible!
Può egli ẻssere! may it be!
Ohimè! Alas! oh God! good Lord!
Può farla natúra! Is it in the power of nature! good Lord!
Coniunctions of coupling, called Copulatiues.
Altrési, also, eke, and moreouer.
Ánche, idem.
Ánco, idem.
Ancóra, idem.
Alsì, idem.
É, and, also, eke.
Éd, idem.
Ét, idem.
Etiandío, idem.
Pure, also, eke, and also.
Coniunctions of continuingg sence and yeelding reason.
Abenchè, albeit, although.
Acciò, to the end that.
Acciochè, to the end that.
Adúnque, then.
Almánco, at least.
Alméno, at least.
Ancóra chè, although that.
Auẻnga chè, howbeit that.
Auẻngadio chè, idem.
Ben chè, although, albeit.
Chè, that, that so, to the end.
Círca, touching, as concerning.
Cóme, as, as thus.
Cóme chè, albeit that.
Conciochè, for so much as.
Conciosia chè, forsomuch as that.
Conciosiacósa chè, idem.
Conciofósse, forsomuch as were it.
Conciofósse chè, for so much as, were it that.
Conciofósse cósa chè, idem.
Con tútto, for all that, notwithstanding.
Con tútto chè, idem.
Con tútto ciò, idem.
Da chè, since, that.
Dapói chè, since, that.
Di maniẻra che, so that.
Di módo chè, so that.
Di sórte chè, so that.
Dúnque, then.
Etiandio chè, although that.
Gia chè, now that, since that.
In guisa chè, so that.
In maniẻra chè, so that.
In módo chè, so that.
Il pẻrchè, therefore.
Il pẻrciò, therefore because.
Imperò, therefore, because.
Imperò chè, because that.
Impẻrciò, because that.
Impẻrciò chè, because that.
Impẻrtánto, therefore.
Impẻrtánto chè, because that.
Laónde, whence, whereupon.
Nientedimánco, yetnotwithstanding, neuerthelesse.
Nientediméno, idem.
Nondimánco, idem.
Nondiméno, idem.
Non ostánte, notwithstanding.
Non ostánte chè, notwithstanding that.
Nulladimánco, neuerthelesse.
Nulladiméno, neuerthelesse.
Pẻrchè, because, therefore.
Pẻrciò, therefore, because.
Pẻrciochè, because that.
Però, therefore, wherefore.
Perochè, because that.
Pẻrtánto, therefore, wherefore.
Pẻrtantochè, because that.
Póscia chè, since that, sithence.
Purchè, so that.
Quándo béne, if so be it were.
Quantúnque, albeit, although.
Quantúnque chè, albeit that.
Se béne, although, albeit.
Se ben chè, albeit that.
Sì, yet, neuerthelesse, also, as.
Sì chè, so that.
Sì pẻr, as well because.
Sì pẻrchè, as because.
Sì fattaménte, so that.
Sì fattaménte chè, so that.
Solamente chè, onely that.
Sólo chè, onely that.
Stánte chè, since that.
Stánte tuttauía, yet since that.
Stánte sólo, since that onely.
Talchè, so that.
Talménte chè, so that.
Tánto chè, so that.
Traper, what betweene.
Tuttafiáta, neuerthelesse still.
Tutta vía, idem.
Tutta vía chè, idem.
Tutta vólta, idem.
Tutta vólta chè, idem.
Vísto chè, since that, seeing that.
Prepositions.
A or Ad, to, vnto, also from.
Círca, about, concerning.
Cóntra or Cóntro, against.
Dà, from, from of. Also to, or vnto.
Dè, of, of the.
Dì, of, of the.
Fin', or fíno, vntill.
Infin, or Infíno, vntill.
Insin or Insíno.
In, in or into.
Inuẻr, or Inuẻrso, towards.
Frà, amongst or betweene.
Infrà, amongst. Also vnder.
Intrà, betweene or amongst.
Né, Ne', In, or In the, or Into.
Oltra, or Oltre, ouer, beyond.
Pẻr, for, by, or through.
Sin', or Síno, vntill.
Sópra, ouer.
Sór, ouer, or sur.
Sótto, vnder.
Súper, ouer, aboue.
Vẻr, or Vẻrso, towards.
Trá, betweene or among.
Of certaine Prepositions seldome or neuer used alone.
Note that the Italians make frequent use of certaine Prepositions, Particles, or as some call them, Affixes or Adiuncts, whereof some are seldome, and some others, neuer vsed alone, either in speaking or writing, but commonly and for the most part are affixed and ioyned unto Verbs, and sometimes unto Nounes in the beginning, which make that infinite number of compounds used in the Italian tongue, alening and inforcing the Primitiues to which they are affixed, according to the power, worth or signification that such Prepositions haue in the Latine tongue, from which most of them are deriued and taken. A thing, in mine opinion, most-most necessarie to be knowen, and which I could yet neuer see noted or collected by any that hath treated of that tongue. And these are the chiefest, whereof I haue noted and giuen seuerall and diuers examples.
A. which commonly requireth the consonant unto which it is affixed or preposed to be doubled. As for example: Créscere. Gióngere. Portáre. Moníre. Veníre. Accréscere. Aggióngere. Apportáre. Ammoníre. Auueníre. &c.
Ab. Giuráre. Sóluere. Sórto. Abgiuráre. Absóluere. Absórto.
Ac. Cógliere. Créscere. Cumuláre. Accógliere. Accréscere. Accumuláre. &c.
Ad. Dúrre. Destráre. Empíre. Addúrre. Addestráre. Addempíre. Addolcíre.
Ante. Cẻdere. Pórre. Veníre. Antecẻdere. Antepórre. Anteueníre.
Arci. Dúca. Poltróne. Préte. Véscouo. Arcidúca. Arcipoltróne. Arciprẻte. Arciuéscouo.
As. Tenére. Tenẻnza. Trátto. Astenére. Astenẻnza. Astrátto.
Bis. Cótto. Tórto. Áuolo. V´nto. Biscótto. Bisauolo. Bistórto. Bisúnto.
Circon. Cídere. Ire. Scríuere. Veníre. Circoncídere. Circoíre. Circonscríuere. Circonueníre.
Có. habitáre. herẻde. Mensále. Símile. Tále. Cohabitáre. Coherẻde. Comensále. Cosímile. Cotále.
Com. Báttere. Pórre. Probáre. Pósto. Combáttere. Compórre. Compósto. Comprobáre.
Cón. Dúrre. Stríngere. Tristáre. Turbáre. Condúrre. Constríngere. Contristáre. Conturbáre.
Contra. Pesáre. ségno. Stáre. Veníre. Contrapesáre. Contraségno. Contrastáre. Contraueníre.
De. Dúrre. Pórre. Scrítto. Scríuere. Dedúrre. Deduttióne. Depórre. Descrítto. Descríuere.
Dis. Fáre. Fátto. Ingannáre. Tornáre. Tórre. Dísfare. Disfátto. Disingannáre. Distornáre. Distórre.
Es. Plicáre. Pórre. Trárre. Esplicáre. Esplicatióne. Espórre. Espositióne. Estrárre.
Estra. ordinário. Portáre. Estraordinário. Estraportáre.
Fra. méttere. Pórre. Framéttere. Frapórre.
Fras. Tagliáre. Tornáre. Frastagliáre. Frastornáre.
Im. pórre. Positióne. Postúra. Impórre. Impositióne. Impostúra. Impossíbile.
In. Consuẻto. Cúlto. Dótto. Tolerábile. Visíbile. Inconsuẻto. Incúlto. Indótto. Intolerábile. Inuisíbile.
In. dúrre. Strúrre. Viáre. Vocáre. Indúrre. Induttióne. Instrúrre. Instruttióne. Inuiáre. Inuocáre.
Infra. Méttere. Scríuere. Inframéttere. Infrascríuere.
Intẻr. Pórre. Prẻndere. Tenére. Intẻrpórre. Intẻrprẻndere. Intẻrtenére. Intẻrteniménto.
Intra. Prẻndere. Intraprẻndere.
Intro. Dúrre. Méttere. Introdúrre. Introméttere.
Is. Pẻrdere. Pórre. Positióne. Ispẻrdere. Ispórre. Ispositióne.
Mál. menáre. Trattáre. Vedére. Vísto. Malmenáre. Maltrattáre. Maluedére. Maluísto.
Mis. Credẻnte. fátto. Miscredẻnte. Misfátto.
O. Méttere. Scuráre. Stáre. Ométtere. Oscuráre. Oscuratióne. Ostáre.
Ob. stácolo. stáre. viáre. Obstácolo. Obstáre. Obuiáre.
Pẻr. Acúto. Foráre. Nottáre. Turbáre. Pẻracúto. Pẻrforáre. Pẻrnottáre. Pẻrturbáre. Pẻrturbatióne.
Pos. Dománi. Pórre. Veníre. Posdománi. Pospórre. Posueníre.
Pre. Córrere. Vedére. Veníre. Precórrere. Preuedére. Preuediménto. Preueníre.
Pro. Dúrre. Cónsolo. Curáre. Vedére. Prodúrre. Procuráre. Procónsolo. Prouedére. Prouediménto.
Ra. Cógliere. Comodáre. Presentáre. Raccógliere. Raccomodáre. Rappresentáre.
Re. Assúmere. Cantáre. Reassúmere. Recantáre.
Retro. gradáre. Gradatióne. veníre. Retrogradáre. Retrogradatióne. Retroueníre.
Ri. Dúrre. Hauére. Tenére. vedére. Tornáre. Ridúrre. Rihauére. Ritenére. Ritornáre. Riuedére.
Rís. Contráre. Cóntro. Riscontráre. Riscóntro.
S. Consoláto. Tempráre. Termináto. Sconsoláto. Stempráto. Stermináto.
Semi. círcolo. Mórto. víuo. Semicírcolo. Semimórto. Semiuíuo.
Scom. pisciáre. Partíre. Pigliáre. Scompisciáre. Scompartíre. Scompigliáre.
Scon. Fidẻnte. Quassáre. Tórcere. veníre. Sconfidẻnte. Sconquassáre. Scontórcere. Sconueníre.
So. Dúrre. Pórre. Giogáre. Sodúrre. Sogiogáre. Soppórre.
Sopra. díre. détto. Nomináre. Scríuere. Prẻndere. veníre. Sopradíre. Sopradétto. Sopranomináre. Soprascríuere. Sopraprẻndere. Sopraueníre.
Sor. Montáre. Prẻndere. veníre. Sormontáre. Sorprẻndere. Sorueníre.
Sós. tentáre. Tenére. Sostentáre. Sostenére. Sostitituíre.
Sotto. Intẻndere. Entráre. Pórre. Méttere. Scríuere. Sottoentráre. Sottointẻndere. Sottométtere. Sottopórre. Sottoscríuere.
Stra. ordinário. Parláre. vedére. vagánte. Straordinário. Straparláre. Strauagánte. Strauedére.
Su. Portáre. Prímere. Suportáre. Suprímere.
Sub. Altẻrno. Ordináre. Intéso. Subaltẻrno. Subintéso. Subordináre. Subordinatióne.
Supẻr. Cíglio. Naturále. Supẻrcíglio. Supẻrnaturále.
Sur. Montáre. Prẻndere. Surmontáre, Surprẻndere.
Tra. Dúrre. Méttere. Piantáre. Pórre. Tradúrre. Traméttere. Trapiantáre. Trapórre. Tratenére.
Trans. Feríre. Latáre. Portáre. Mutáre. Méttere. Transferíre. Translatáre. Transportáre. Transméttere.
Tras. used in liew of Trans, as Trasferíre. Traslatáre. Trasmutáre. Trasméttere. Trasportáre.
Tri. duáno. plice. plicáre. Triduáno. Tríplice. Triplicáre.
Vice. Cónsolo. Gouernatóre. Presidénte. Rè. Vicecónsolo. Vicegouernatóre. Vicepresidẻnte. Vicerè. &c.
Interiections of griefe, of calling, of intreating, of feare, of loathing, or of any passion.
Ah, ah, oh, alas.
Ai, aye me, alas, welladaie.
Ahi, oh, aye me, alas.
Ai mè, aye me, alas my selfe.
Ai sè, alas himselfe.
Ai tè, alas thy selfe.
Báco, boh, boe-peepe.
Báco báco, boe-peepe.
Báu, boh, boe-peepe.
Báubáu, bough bough, boe-peepe.
Chéto, whosht, still.
Chili, whosht, still, z't.
Dẻ, oh for Gods sake.
Dẻà, Idem.
Dẻh, Idem.
Dẻh nò, oh for Gods sake no.
Dẻh sì, yes for Gods sake.
Éh, oh, alas, aye me.
Éi mè, Idem.
Fì, figh, fie, fough, out.
Fih, figh, fie, fough, out.
Hà, oh, bah, what ho.
Hái, aye me, alas, oh me.
Hái lásso, aye me alas.
Hái mè, aye me, alas me.
Hái sè, alas himselfe.
Hái tè, alas thy selfe.
Hẻ, aye me, alas, welladay.
Hẻh, Idem.
Hẻi, Idem.
Hẻi mè, Idem.
Hẻi lásso, aye me alas.
Oh, ó, what oh, ho me.
Oh mè, aye me alas, good Lord.
Oi bò, figh, fogh, fie, out.
Oh dío, oh God alas.
Oi mè, aye me alas.
Oi mè dío, aye me, oh God.
Mó, uh.
Póh, figh, fough, out.
Può, God, cods.
Puo fáre, Gods me.
Puh, phuh, phah.
Và, goe, out, away, vah.
Váh, Idem.
Vh, ugh, out alas.
Vh uh, out alas and well aday.
Zíta, whosht, still, z't.
Zít, Idem.
Zí, idem.
Prepositions or Particles vsed many times for ornament.
There are in the Italian tongue certaine Prepositions, Adiuncts or Particles, without which the sence is good, and the construction easie: But yet being well placed and fitly vsed they ad much grace, elegancy and ornament vnto the speech, and which may by circumlocution be expressed in other languages, but not with that propriety and emphasis as in the Italian, and these are the chiefest.
Bén, or Béne, E', Egli, or Ei, Già, Ne, Or' vel Óra, Pur' or Púre, and Si, as for example. Bén' or Béne, is expressed in English with any of these words, Forsooth, Indeed, Insooth, Marry Well or Verily, as thus, Bén mi paréua stráno, Indeed it seemed strange to me, E', Egli, or Ei, are expressed with the English Particle, It, namely in the beginning of a sentence, and speaking of any thing and no person, as for example, E' mi páre una grán cósa, It seemeth a great thing vnto mee, Egli nol saprà mái persóna, No body shall euer know it, Ei si dice comuneménte, It is commonly said, &c. Già, is expressed in English with, Now, Already, Whilom, of Yore, of Old, or Quondam, as for example, Non già ch'io sáppia, Io son gia venúto, Fù già un pittóre, and infinite others.
Ne, hath beene spoken of before in it's place, and although some make it but an ornamentall particle, yet may it be reduced vnder certaine infallible Rules and Significations, Or' or Óra, is expressed in English with, Now, and in the beginning of any Diction or Oration addeth great grace to the speech.
Púr' or Púre, is expressed in English with these words, yet, for all that and sometimes with, also neuerthelesse or notwithstanding, as for example. Stà púr' a vedére, stay yet and see, Tù sẻi púr giónto, thou art come for all that, Púre ci vénne alla fine, notwithstanding he came yet in the end, and many such others.
Of Sì, hath beene spoken before, which although it seeme but an ornament, yet may it be reduced vnder the Rules and Significations aboue said.
Of the Particle Chè.
There is no one word in the Italian tongue that is more frequent and more often vsed, both in speech and writing, then Chè, and that by reason of it's many, diuers, and different significations, whereof I could yet neuer see any direct exposition or Rules set downe.
And therefore haue I for your Maiesties more certainty and easie vnderstanding of it, taken some paines about it, and haue set downe the various significations thereof, as the most necessary and also most difficult word that the Italians haue.
1 Chè, is sometimes a Pronoune Relatiue, both with and without an Article hauing reference vnto all Cases, Numbers, and Genders, signifying in English, that, who, whom, which or which thing, as for example, Il Dío ch'io adóro, la bontà chè ẻ in lúi, I ciẻlí chè s'aggírano, le stélle chè risplẻndono, la tẻrra chè scálda il sóle, Ciò chè non féce mái huómo, Égli díce di volér voláre, il chè dà marauíglia ad ogniúno, Di chè ciascúno si fa bẻffe, Al chè niúno consẻnte, Da chè ogniúno si guárda, Elle dícono cófe chè fánno stupíre ogniúno, a chè niúno dà féde, Chè niúno créde, Da chè ogniúno s'allontána, &c.
2 Chè, in the Nominatiue case without signe or Article serueth for the Interrogation, What? as for example, Chè fái? Chè vai cercándo? Chè te ne páre? &c.
3 Chè, serueth often for a beginning of a Narration or entrance into it after the Preface, as thus, Díco dúnque chè chi nón téme Dío non ẻ sauio, &c.
4 Chè, serueth sometimes for a clause preceding the Present or Perfect Tence of the subiunctiue Moode, signifying in English, That, That so, as thus, Ti prégo chè il túo nemíco del túo male non rida, óchè tù non sij burláto, &c.
5 Chè, serueth very often for an Aduerbe or Coniunction of yeelding reason of what hath beene said or done before, or that may be said and done heereafter, as also for continuing of sense and discourse, or for concluding of sense and reason, and serueth in stead of Pẻrchè, Pẻrciochè, Imperochè, or Conciosia chè, in English, For, Because, or Forsomuch as thus; L'ánima ché sola da Dío ẻ fátta gentíle, chè gia d'altrúi non può venír tál grátia, &c.
6 Chè, sheweth sometimes the clause of what may happen, and serueth for Affin chè, or Accio chè, That, To the end, Left that; but then commonly it requireth Non to follow it, as for example, Non fáre, chè non te ne auuẻnga male, ẻt chè non sij punito, ẻt chè non te nè pénti, &c.
7 Chè, is sometimes doubled, and serueth for Ciascúna cósa chè, what thing soeuer, whatsoeuer, or what euer, as thus; Cheche si díca, or Cheche ne sẻgua io lo vóglio púr fáre, &c.
8 Chè, is often placed for the beginning of Narrations, or Chapters, or Verses, importing in English, For, as thus; Chè il diamánte ẻ più dúro di tútte le gẻmme, Chè il ciẻlo ẻ più dúro ch'il diamánte, Chè l'óro ẻ incorrottíbile ab etẻrno, &c.
9 Chè, is often vsed for the signe of a comparison, in English, then, or then that, as for example. Augústo fù più felice chè Césare, Il diamánte ẻ più dúro ch'il fẻrro o che l'acciáio, being most vsed thus alone when the sentence hath but one Uerbe, for if it haue more, than the Italians vse Chè non, as hath before beene declared.
10 Chè is often found to serue for the Aduerbe of time, Quándo, when, or at what time, but then the diction or sentence must beginne with any present Participle, and Chè must immediately follow the same: as for example; Leuáto che sarò mi vẻstirò, Tornáto che sarái vienmi a trouáre, &c.
11 Chè, serueth sometimes for the Aduerbe of exception, But, Sauing, Except: as for example; Io non sẻruo che una Regína, non témo che un Dío, Non ámo che una dónna, Tù non sẻi buóno chè a far mále, &c.
12 Chè, is many-many times ioined and affixed vnto other particles and indeclinables, and with them made as one word and distinct part of speech, which although they haue already beene set downe in their places among the Aduerbes and Coniunctions, yet, for your Maiesties better remembrance, I thinke it not amisse to place them heere Alphabetically, at least so many as I can remember:
Aben chè, albeit, or although that.
Accio chè, to the end that.
Affin chè, to the end that.
Ancor chè, although, or albeit that.
Anzi chè, rather then that.
Anzi chè nò, rather then not.
Auanti chè, before or rather that.
Auẻnga chè, albeit or although that.
Ben chè, albeit or although that.
Che chè, whatsoeuer that.
Chiúnque chè, whosoeuer that.
Come chè, howbeit that.
Comúnque ché, howsoeuer the.
Con chè, with what.
Concio chè, forsomuch as that.
Conciosiacosa chè, Idem.
Conciofosse chè, Idem.
Conciofosse cosa chè, Idem.
Con tutto chè, for all that.
Da chè, since that.
Dapoi chè, since that.
Di maniẻra chè, so that.
Di módo chè, so that.
Di sórte chè, so that.
Domentre chè, whilest that.
D'onde chè, whence that.
Dóppo chè, after that.
Doue chè, where that.
Douunque chè, where euer that.
Eccẻtto chè, except that.
Écco chè, behold that.
Essẻndo chè, being that.
Fin chè, vntill that.
Forse chè, perhaps that.
Fuori chè, except that.
Gia chè, now that.
Il chè, the which.
Impẻrcio chè, because that.
Il pẻr chè, the reason why.
Impero chè, because that.
Impẻrtanto chè, because that.
In fin chè, vntill that.
In fin tanto chè, vntill that.
In fin chè, vntill that.
In fin tanto chè, vntill that.
Mentre chè, whilest that.
Molto chè, much that.
Non chè, not only that.
Non ostante chè, notwithst[an]ding that.
Non solo chè, not only that.
Ogni fiáta chè, euery time that.
Ogni vólta chè, Idem.
Oh chè, oh that, would to God.
Oltre chè, besides that.
Pẻrchè? wherefore? why? for what?
Pẻrchè, because, that, for that.
Pẻrben chè, albeit that.
Pẻrció chè, because that.
Pẻr il chè, wherefore that.
Pero chè, because that.
Pẻr tanto chè, because that.
Pẻr tutto chè, for all that.
Poi chè, since that.
Poscia chè, since that.
Posto chè, since that.
Prẻsso chè, well nigh that.
Príma chè, before that.
Pur chè, so that.
Qualchè, somewhat.
Qualúnque chè, whosoeuer that.
Quándo chè, when as that.
Quando sia chè, bee it when euer that.
Quandúnque chè, Idem.
Quantúnque chè, howbeit that.
Saluo chè, sauing that.
Seben chè, albeit that.
Sẻndo chè, being that.
Senza chè, without that.
Sia chè, be it that.
Si chè, so that.
Sìn chè, vntill that.
Sintanto chè, vntill that.
Si pẻrchè, as because that.
Sol chè, only that.
Solaménte chè, Idem.
Solo chè, Idem.
Stante chè, being that.
Su chè, vpon that.
Sopra chè, whereupon.
Sotto chè, vnder that.
Súbito chè, so soone as that.
Tánto che, so much or so long as that.
Tolto che, except that.
Tosto che, so soone as that.
Tuttauía che, whensoeuer that.
Tutto che, albeit that.
Visto che, seeing that.
And infinite others which the discretion of the Reader or Speaker may easily obserue, finde out, and make vse of. But these are the chiefest, and most in vse.
And this is as much of the immutable Particles, or indeclinable parts of speech, as I with my industrious labour, carefull diligence and long teaching haue obserued, for your Maiesty, of which if some haue beene noted in more places then one, impute it to their diuers natures and sundry significations, according to which they are diuersly placed. And if in this tract I haue not giuen the English to euery word, nor englished all phrases and examples, it hath beene for feare of making the booke ouer great, and because you may easily find euery word Englished in my Dictionary. And if notwithstanding I haue beene ouer long and tedious, impute it (I humbly beseech you) to the frequent and most necessary vse of all I haue noted: for, without the perfect knowledge of it, no man shall truly vnderstand, or perfectly speake the Italian tongue: and because I could yet neuer see these my rules and obseruations exactly set downe, or so much as but glanced at by any that hath written of that language.
Thus committing your Sacred Maiestie (for whom only I haue aduentured to declare and publish what I know, and by the experience of fiue and thirtie yeeres teaching (and euer the greatest Nobilitie of this Land) haue obserued and learned of this so noble, and of all Nations so highly esteemed language) to the euer holy protection of the most-most good and Almightie God, I heartily beseech his eternall Maiestie, in this transitorie world to blesse and prosper, and in that to come, eternally to crowne your Highnesse in his new Ierusalem: And that I may euer continue in your Imperiall Maiesties good and fauourable opinion, as your euer most vnfained, most humble and inuiolable seruant.
Resolute, I. Florio.
FINIS.
