INDEX.

A

Adahk, island of, 183

Aggatoo, island of, 179

Agricultural features in Sitkan region, 18, 22, 24, 25, 35

in Kadiak region, 103, 106, 107

in Cook’s Inlet region, 83, 84, 85, 86

in Aleutian region, 184, 185

in Seal Islands, 204

in Yukon Valley and the North, 421, 443

Agents of the United States Government, 251, 252

Akootan, island of, 151, 153

volcano of, 153

Akoon, island of, 150, 154

wolves on, 156

Alaska, its area and population, 13, 14

its discovery, 1, 2, 3, 5

its purchase by United States Government, 11, 12

Alaska Commercial Company, its history, 224, 245, 247, 248, 249

Albinos and monstrosities, few among fur-seals, 306

Alexander Archipelago, its land and scenery, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 271

its earliest white occupation, 28, 29, 30

all visitors necessarily go there, 14, 15

Alexandrovsk, established by Kolmakov (1834), 375, 376

Aleutes, traits, characteristics of, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174

Algæ, or sea-weeds, those of Sitkan waters, 20

those of Aleutian waters, 182

those of Pribylov waters, 214, 215

American traders, business relations of Baranov with, 28

business methods in Sitkan region, 36, 37, 38, 39

business methods in Aleutian region, 129, 191

business methods in Yukon and Kuskokvim regions, 384, 414, 418, 424

business methods in Arctic Ocean, 425

Amchitka, island of, 181, 184

Amlia, island of, 182

Animals, fur-bearing and food, in the Sitkan region, 55, 61, 62

in the Cook’s Inlet region, 91

in the Aleutian region, 151, 156, 163, 178

in the Nooshagak region, 381, 382, 399

in the Kuskokvim region, 381, 382, 399

in the Yukon and Arctic region, 418, 425, 426, 440

Area and extent of Alaska, 13, 14

Arrie egg-shells, their toughness, 222

Atkha, island and natives of, 144, 180, 181, 182, 183

Attitudes and land postures of fur-seals, 280

Attoo, extreme western land of North American continent, 143, 179, 180

Auroral and nephelogical phenomena, 158, 198, 420

Autocratic powers of the old Russian American Company, 9

Avatanak, island of, 154

B

Bachelor, or “holluschiokie” fur-seals, 294, 295, 296, 297

Baird, Professor S. F., 190

Banks, codfishing, 122, 123, 124

Baranov, Alexander, character of, 6, 28

Barrabkie, a, how it is made, 135, 166, 167

Basking sharks and killer-whales, 325, 327

Bath, Innuit, vile methods, 387

Barrow, Point, 440

Battles of the fur-seals, 265, 266

Bays indenting coast of Kadiak, 115, 116

of Oonalashka, 159

Bear “Roads,” 89

Beaver Bay, Oonalashka Island, 176

Bering’s expedition of Alaskan discovery, 1, 2, 3

the discovery of Alaska, 2, 3

the ill-fated homeward voyage, 3, 4, 124

the shipwreck and escape of survivors, 4, 191

Bering Straits, 428, 429, 430, 431, 441

Belcovsky, village of, 119, 120

Bidarrah, use of, how it is made, 346, 347, 453, 454

Bidarka, use of, how it is made, 133

Birth of fur-seals, 282

Bishop Innocent Veniaminov, his labors, 309

Blubber of fur-seal, sea-lion, mahklok, and beluga, 292, 345, 405

Bogaslov Islet, volcanic eruption of, recently, 186, 167

Borka, village of, 176, 177

Bristol Bay, 118, 398

Breeding grounds, number of fur-seals on, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321

of sea-lions, 187, 310, 354, 356, 357, 358, 361

of hair-seals, 256

of sea-otters, 132

of water-fowl, 210, 211

Burials and funerals of the Sitkans or Thlinkets, 50

of the Innuits or Eskimo, 389, 410

of the Aleutes, 178

Burnt or Brulé districts, 408, 409

C

Camps, Innuit summer, 381, 426

Kenaitze hunting, 91

Canoes, Sitkan, 62, 63

Ingaleek, 417

Carousals, Aleutian beer orgies, 137, 174, 175

Carving bone and ivory, skill of Innuits, 384

wood, skill of Haidahs, 49

Cape Prince of Wales, 428, 429, 431

Capture of sea-otters, 128, 191, 133

of sea-lions, 364, 365

Carcasses of slaughtered fur-seals, 350, 351, 352, 353

Cassiar Gold-diggings, 17, 18, 25

Cattle in Alaska, 86, 106, 107, 178, 184

Cereals, total failure in Alaska, 107

Chernaboor islets, 138, 141

Christianity among the Aleutes and Kadiakers, 115, 116, 171, 172, 241, 246

among the Innuits, 410

among the Thlinkets, 40, 41, 42

Church, Greek, 40, 41, 120, 121, 137, 164, 174, 178, 241, 388

Clans, the several Sitkan tribes, 43

Climate of the Sitkan region, 24

of the Mount St. Elias region, 72, 77

of the Cook’s Inlet region, 93

of the Kadiak region (see Cook’s Inlet)

of the Aleutian Islands, 158, 185

of the Pribylov Islands, 194, 195, 196, 197

of the Nooshagak region, 382, 404

of the Kuskokvim region, 382, 404, 407

of Michaelovsky and the Yukon, 421, 422, 424

of Arctic coast of Alaska, 427

Coal in Cook’s Inlet, 125

in the Arctic, 125, 438

in Shoomagin Group, 125

in Sitkan region, 70, 71

Coins, Russian names and values of, 8

Codfish, industry of, at Oonga, 122, 123, 124

Companies, rival trading, 191

Consumption, chief cause of death-rate among natives, 110

Cook’s Inlet, characteristics of, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87

country north of, 87

Copper River, its character, 76, 77

Cossacks, Russian and Siberian, 128, 159

Courage of fur-seals, 279

Creoles, what they are, 108

Crillon, Mount, 72

Cruelties inflicted by Russian traders upon natives, 6, 128, 147, 159

Curing and dressing fur-seal skins, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349

D

Dangers of Alaskan coast navigation, 76, 83, 117, 123, 218, 219, 374, 375, 395, 440, 442

to which young fur-seals are exposed, 283, 329, 330

Death, natural, of fur-seals, 307

Decay of the Russian American Company after Baranov’s removal, 11

Deer, Sitkan, 55, 62

Rein, 121, 122, 397, 418

Definition of technical terms on Seal Islands, 320, 321

Delta of the Copper River, 75, 77

of the Yukon River, 414, 415

Deschnev, Simeon, his remarkable voyage (1648), 429

Diet of natives of the Sitkan region, 58

of the Cook’s Inlet region, 95

of the Kadiak region, 136, 137

of the Aleutian region, 168

of the Seal Islands, 241, 242, 243

of the Innuits, 382, 383, 454, 455, 456

Diomedes, islands of, Bering Straits, 430, 431, 432, 441

Diseases, natives most afflicted with, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 238

Docility of fur-seals when driven, and being killed, 335

Dogs, Eskimo, 388

Sitkan, 61

none on the Aleutian Chain, 158

Dressing fur-seal skins, 348, 349

Driving fur-seals, 333, 334, 336

sea-lions, 366, 367, 368

Dwellings of the Aleutes, 133, 166, 167

of the Innuits, 378, 379, 380, 381, 426

of the Cook’s Inlet Kenaitze, 91, 92, 93

of the Sitkans or Thlinkets, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 60, 64

of the Seal Islanders, 232, 233

of the white fur-traders, 36, 175

E

Earthquakes, 146, 147, 148, 161, 186, 189

Eggs, water-fowl, gastronomic value of, 211

Epidemic among seals, 324

Employés, superannuated “old colonial settlers,” 85, 86

Eskimo of Alaska (see Innuits)

Experiments with fur-seals, 263, 264

Extermination of fur-seals, 231, 307, 308, 309, 324

of sea-otters, 129

of walrus, 458, 459

Extent and area of Alaska, 13, 14

Eyes of fur-seals, beauty of, 291

of fur-seals, lurid lights in, 341

of sea-lion, ferocity of, 355

of walrus, grotesqueness of, 449

F

Fairweather, Mount, 71, 72

Familiar flowering plants on the Seal Islands, 200, 201, 202, 203

on the Arctic coast of Alaska, 440

Fasting, long-protracted, of male fur-seals, 272, 273

Festivals, native Innuit, 390, 391, 392, 393, 423

First school in Alaska, 102

First mission in Alaska, 102

Fishing industries of the Sitkans, 59

of the Aleutes, 168

of the Shoomagin Islands, 122, 123, 124

of the Kuskokvim and Yukon, 404

of the Arctic, 434, 435

of Americans at Cook’s Inlet, 93

of Americans at Kadiak Island, 115, 116

Flowers, wild, great abundance of, 177, 420

Forest trees of Alaska, 21, 22, 79, 85, 103, 104, 105, 157, 408, 409, 416, 424

Forests of Alaska, 21, 71, 408, 409

Foxes, blue (Vulpes lagopus), 180, 205, 206

red, 180, 206

Four Peaks, or “Cheetiery Sopochnie,” 186

Fruits indigenous to Sitkan district, 22, 23

indigenous to Aleutian district, 168

indigenous to Kuskokvim district, 411

indigenous to Seal Islands, 201

Fur-seal, arrival of at breeding grounds, 292, 293-297

boldness of, 129, 331

description of adult male, 258, 259, 260, 261

description of adult female, 273, 274, 275, 276

description of “pups,” 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289

odor and noise of, 265, 270, 281

erroneous ideas of its skin, 347, 348

effect of warm weather on, 306

first arrival at the islands, 262

food of, 328, 329

healthiness of, 324

high order of instinct of, 258, 301

numbers of, 310-313, 324, 326

increase or diminution or, 317, 318, 328, 333

in the waters around the islands, 286, 299, 300, 302, 331, 361

manner of killing and skinning, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342

manner of salting, dressing, and shipping skins of, 345-349

meat of, 344

method of land travel, 260

natural enemies of, 325, 327, 330

noise on the breeding rookeries, 270, 271

movements on land and in water, 286, 289, 298, 362

pelagic range of, in search of food, 329, 330

“podding” of its “pups,” 289

polygamous and angry males, 275, 276, 277, 278

position and selection of hauling-grounds, 295, 296

power of land locomotion, 267

pre-emption of rookeries, 265, 276

prostration of, by heat or driving, 271, 272

range of vision of, 291

relative growth and weight of, 304, 305

sanguinary combats of, 265, 266

shedding of hair and fur, 285, 290, 302, 303

sleep of, 280, 281

sleep on land of, 280, 281

skill in selecting rookeries, 277

strength and courage of the male, 265, 267

tabulated result of surveys, 312

vitality of, 283, 323

voice of, 268, 269, 270

G

Games, festivals, etc., of the Aleutes, 239, 240, 241

of the Innuits, 393, 423

of the Thlinkets or Sitkans, 65

Glaciers of the Aleutian Islands, 183

of Cook’s Inlet, 84

of Prince William Sound, 78

of the Sitkan Archipelago and Cross Sound, 19, 20

of Mount St. Elias region, 75

of Copper River region, 76

easy approach to Grand, Icy Bay, 19, 20

Gold-bearing quartz, Sitkan Archipelago, 69, 70

Cook’s Inlet, 96, 97

Golovin Bay, Norton’s Sound, mines in, 424

Goreloi, island of, 183, 184

Government, civil laws, etc., for Alaska, 42

Greek Church, in Alaska, 40, 41, 120, 121, 137, 164, 174, 178, 388

Guano, accumulation prevented, 221

H

Haidah Indians, best savages of the Sitkan region, 44

house, or “rancherie,” 46, 47, 48, 49, 51

Hair-seal, description of, 255, 256, 257, 332

picture of Phoca-fœtida, 441

picture of E. barbatus, 383

Halibut, Sitkan natives fishing for, 55, 63

Aleutes fishing for, 212, 213

Hauling grounds, selection of, by fur-seals, 294, 295, 296

Hogs, 108, 208

Hot springs, near Sitka, 68

Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, 122, 183, 184

Homeward voyage and shipwreck of Bering, 3, 4

Human protection of fur-seals, 373

Hunting sea-otter, 127, 128, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

Hutchinson, H.M., his labors, 247, 248

I

Ice Company, San Francisco, 105

Icy Bay, grand glacier in, 19, 20

Ilyamna, volcano of, 87

lake, 396

Implements, agricultural, manufacture of, at Sitka, 33

Indians of the Sitkan region, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60, 64, 65

Ingaleek, or Interior Indians of Alaska, 408, 417, 418

Innuits, or Eskimo, characteristics of, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 411, 426, 431, 432, 437, 456, 457, 458

Intoxication among Alaskan natives, 66, 137, 174, 175, 235

J

Japanese and Aleutian facial resemblance, 163

Jumping out of water by fur-seals, 300, 301

Juneau, gold mining at, 69

Juvenal, tragic death of Father, 396, 397

K

Kadiak, the island of, 98, 99, 103

sheep raising, 107

old colonial citizens of, 104

sea-otter hunting by natives of, 116

old ship-building industry, 105, 106

Ice Company of San Francisco, 105

timber line drawn upon, 103

wars of early Russian traders, 102, 103

visit, and establishment of Shellikov, 99, 100, 101, 102

Kanaga, island of, 181, 183

Kaniags, natives of Kadiak, 109, 110

Kamlayka, the water-proof, 371

Kashga, the Innuit, 385, 386, 387

Kenai Peninsula, 84, 85, 86

Kenaitze Indians, habits and appearance of, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93

queer architecture of, 92

Killer whales, their ferocity, 325, 327, 330

Killing grounds, Seal Islands, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341

Killing sea-lions, method of natives, 368, 369

Kings Island, or Ookivok, 425, 426

Kotzebue Sound, characteristics of, 432, 433, 434

Kolmakovsky, trading-post of, 406

Krenitzin Group of Islands, 148

Kuskokvim region, characteristics of, 402, 403, 404, 405

density of population of, 403, 404

commercial poverty of it, 407, 408

prevalence of mosquitoes in it, 405, 406

L

Land and scenery of the Sitkan region, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27

of the Mount St. Elias region, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75

of the Cook’s Inlet, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86

of the Kadiak district, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 117

of the Aleutian district, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 162, 163

of the Pribylov Islands, 215, 226, 227

of the Nooshagak region, 374, 375, 376, 395

of the Kuskokvim region, 395, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407

of the Yukon region, 395

of the Bering Sea Islands, 425, 426, 427, 430, 442, 443, 461, 462

of the Alaskan Arctic region, 424, 425, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440

Law, natural, obeyed among the fur-seals, 310

protecting the seal islands, 250

Lead, ore of, miner’s prospecting for, 424

Lease of the Seal Islands, 250

M

Mackerel, Atkhan, or “yellow-fish,” 181, 182

Mahklok, big hair-seal (Erignathus), 382, 383

Makooshin, volcano of, 160, 161

Mammoth and mastodon, fossil remains of, 424, 434

Massacre of Baranov’s Sitkan garrison (1801), 28

of Drooshinnin’s party, 159

of Seribniekov’s party, 76

by Glottov, of Oonalaskhan natives, 160

by Glottov, of Four Mountain natives, 186

Measles and typhoid-pneumonia in, 64, 112, 113

Medicines and pathology of Alaskan savages, 112

Michaelovsky, trading-post of, 413, 419

Mirage, the Arctic, 421

Missionaries, Russian, labors of, 99, 106, 121, 388

Moose, hunting of, 407

Morgan, Captain E., labors of, 247, 248

Morserovia, village of, 121

Morse (see Walrus)

Mosses, Alaskan, 22, 38, 149, 155, 163, 200, 318, 398, 403, 420, 442, 462

Mosquitoes, curse of Alaska, 405, 406

none on Seal Islands, 204

Mummies, Aleutian, 186

Mushrooms, on the Seal Island, 203, 204

Musk-ox not found in Alaska, 418

Mutilation of female fur-seals, 276

N

Nephelogical and auroral phenomena, 158, 198, 420

Niebaum, Captain G., labors of, 247

Nikolsky, village of, 184

Nooshagak region and village of, 374, 375, 376, 398

Nomenclature of fur-seal rookeries, 320

Norton Sound, 424

O

Occupation of Alaska by Americans (1867), 12

of Alaska by Russians (1745-63), 128

of the Seal Islands by Russians (1786), 192, 193

of the Seal Islands by Americans (1868), 247, 248

Odor from the killing grounds, 350, 351

from the fur-seal blubber, 292, 372

Oil, fur-seal and sea-lion, 372

oolachan grease, 57

herring, 57

beluga and mahklok, 405

coal, use of by Aleutes, 167

“Old colonial settlers,” 85, 86

Ommaney, Cape, 27

Oomnak, island of, 184, 185

Oonalashka, village and island of, 139, 156, 157, 158

Oonimak, island of, 145, 146, 147

Oonga, village and fisheries, 122, 123, 124

Ookamok, island and penal settlement on, 116, 117

Ookivok, island and village of, 425, 426

Oogashik, village of, 119

Oonalga, island of, 155

Oogalgan, island of, 155

Oogamok, island of, 148

Otter Island, or “Bobrovia,” 219

Otter, sea, hunting, 120, 179

a description of it, 130, 131, 132

P

Parka, the Innuit garment, 377, 378, 410, 411

Pelagic fur sealing, 452, 453

Peninsula of Alaska, 82, 117, 118

Penal settlement, R. A. Co. on Ookamok, 116, 117

Pneumonia, typhoid, scourge of, recently, 112, 113

Pogromnia Sopka, volcano of, 146

Polar bears, on the Seal Islands, 194, 464

on St. Matthew’s Island, 463, 464

Poonook, islets and village of, 444

Population of Alaska, 13, 14

Poultry kept in Alaska, 107, 185

Port Clarence, description of, 427, 428

Potatoes, how cultivated, and where, 60, 61, 106, 421

Powers and privileges of old Russian Company, 9, 10, 11

Pribylov, Gerassim, the discoverer of the Seal Islands, 191, 192, 323

Pribylov Islands, agriculture on, 204

algæ of the, 214, 215

animals and birds, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 223, 224

churches and schools, 241, 246

climate and winds, 194, 195, 196, 197

colonization, 193, 230, 231

creature-comforts of natives now, 232, 233

description of natives of, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239

dimensions and contour of, 215, 226, 227

disappearance of seals and birds in winter, 305, 306, 327

discussion of seal life, 255, 258, 292, 293, 294

eligibility of, 229, 230

flowering plants, etc., of, 200, 201, 202, 203

fogs and mists of, 194, 195, 306

gastronomic value of water-fowl eggs, 211

general business methods of sealing, 234, 237, 245, 246, 252

geographical position of, 194

geological structure of, 199, 215, 216, 217, 224, 225, 227, 228

grand total of fur-seals on, 312

isolation of rookeries on, 191, 193, 194

insects of, 204

lack of harbors in the, 217, 218

land animals of the, 205, 206, 207

peculiar advantages of, to fur-seals, 194, 195, 230

Pribylov Islands, peculiar cats on the, 207

polar bears on the, 194, 464

poultry kept on the, 208

remarks on walrus of the, 255, 332

Russian slaughter on, 316

scarcity of fish around the, 212

status of early colonists, 231, 232

sheep, on the rookeries, 270

stock-raising on the, 207, 208

vast numbers of water-fowl on the, 220, 221, 222

Veniaminov’s account of the, 194, 200

vigilance of the natives, 253

weight, growth, etc., of fur-seals on the 278, 279, 304, 305

Prince Frederick Sound, its awful scenic grandeur, 23

Prince William Sound, its gloomy scenic character, 78

Prince of Wales Island, 15, 99

Prostration of natives in sunshine, 197

of fur-seals, when driven, 336

Protection of fur-seals, 326, 327, 332, 373

Pups, fur-seal, description of, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287

learning to swim, 287, 288, 289

Q

Quartz mines near Sitka, 69, 70

on Douglas Island, 70

R

Reindeer, 121, 122, 397, 418

marked difference from that of Siberia, 397, 398

Rocks of St. Matthew’s Island, beauty of, 463

Rookeries, Pribylov Islands, 292, 293, 294, 310, 311, 312

Resurrection Bay, first Alaskan shipyard there, 79

Russian-American Company, its history, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 103

Russian coins, their names and value, 8

exploration and traders, bad record of, 4, 5, 6

rival companies (1745-1786), 191

seal islands, Bering and Copper, 327, 373

Governors living at Sitka, 34

Russians, as they lived at Sitka, 32, 33

S

Saanak, great sea-otter camp of, 138, 141, 142

Saint Elias, Mount, 73

George Village, Pribylov Group, 352

Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, 442, 443

Matthew’s Island, Bering Sea, 461, 462, 463

Michaels, post of, 413, 419

Saint Nicholas, redoubt, Kenai, 84

Paul Village, Pribylov Group, 352

Salmon in the Sitkan region, 56

in Cook’s Inlet, Sitkan region, 87, 94, 95, 96

in the Kadiak district, 115, 116

in the Aleutian district, 168, 185

in the Nooshagak district, 398, 399, 400

in the Kuskokvim district, 404

in the Yukon district, 417, 418

in the Alaskan Arctic, 434, 435

Salt House, work in, at Saint Paul, 345, 346

Semeisopochnoi, islands of, 181

Schools, 120, 173

Scrofula, virulence of, among Alaskan natives, 111

Sea-cow, Rhytina stelleri, 4

Seal (see Fur-seal, Hair-seal)

Seal Islands (see Pribylov Islands)

Seal and walrus hunting, Innuit, 400, 426, 440, 441, 460, 461

Sea-otter, a description of it, 130, 131, 132

early Russian hunt for, 128, 191

native hunters of, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 179, 181

Sea-lions, arrival at breeding grounds, 357

Eumetopias stelleri, adult males, 354, 355, 356, 357

Eumetopias stelleri, adult females, 357

description of a fight between rivals, 355, 356

general uses of, to natives, 363, 369

natives driving the, 364, 365, 366, 367

manner of capture of, 364, 365

manner of penning or coralling, 365

manner of killing them on St. Paul, 368, 369

meat, good quality of, 372

sites of their abandoned rookeries, 321, 322

St. George, the last resort for, 362, 363

shedding hair, 360

shyness and relative cowardice, 332, 356

Shamans, their services, 50, 112

Sheep, trial, and failure to raise in Alaska, 107

Shellikov, Grigoria, his labors, 99, 100, 101, 102

Shipbuilding in Alaska, 79, 80, 105, 106

Shipyard at Sitka, 32

Shishaldin, beautiful volcano of, 146

Shoomagin Islands, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126

Siberian coast, Bering Straits’ shore, 429

Sitka, its history, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32

as it is to-day, 33, 34, 35

Small-pox, epidemic of, 64, 113, 421

Soil and climate, not favorable to agriculture (see Agriculture)

Special Agents of the Treasury Department, 251, 252

Sports and pastimes of the natives, 65, 175

of the young fur-seals, 298, 299, 300

Steamers, trading, on the Yukon, 414

Steller, George W., his labors, 189

Stench arising from fur-seal carcasses, 350, 351

from decaying salmon and its roe, 57, 399

Superstitions of the natives, 80, 81, 90

Surveys of the fur-seal breeding grounds, 310, 311, 312

Swans, capture of, 399

Swimming feats of fur-seals, 300, 301, 302

T

Tanaga, island of, 181, 183

Telegraph, Collins Overland, 427, 428

Thlinkets, or Sitkan Archipelago Indians, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60

Tidal phenomena of Cook’s Inlet, 83, 87

of Bristol Bay, 374, 375

of Kuskokvim River, 400

uncertainties in Bering Sea, 197, 198

Tigalda, island of, 154, 155

Timber of Alexander Archipelago, 21, 22, 71

of Mount St. Elias region, 72, 77

of Cook’s Inlet region, 85

of Kadiak District region, 103, 104, 105

of Aleutian District region, 157

of Alaskan Interior region, 395, 408, 409, 416

of Alaskan Arctic region, 425, 439, 443

Tinneh, or Ingaleeks of Alaska, 408

Timidity and shyness of pinnipeds at sea, 331

Togiaks, Quaker-like Innuits, 401, 402

Treasury Department, its control of Seal Islands, 250, 251, 252

Totem and totemic posts, 49

Transfer of Alaska, cause why so done, 11, 12

Traffic by traders in the Sitkan region, 36, 37, 38, 39

in the Kadiak region, 119, 120, 129

in the Aleutian region, 129, 191

in the Yukon, Nooshagak, and Kuskokvim region, 384, 414, 418

in the Bering Sea and the Arctic, 425

Treadwell Gold-mining Stamp Mill, 69, 71

Tusks of the Walrus, 450, 451

U

Ugiak, Eskimo sea-god, 393, 423

Uses of sea-lion skins in making boats, 370, 371

of walrus-skins in making boats, 454

of walrus-teeth, 404

V

Veniaminov, the distinguished Russian priest, 37, 309

Volcanic region of Cook’s Inlet, 87

region of Oonimak, 146, 147, 148

region of Atkha, 183

region of Oomnak, 161

Volcanic elevation of Bogaslov Islet recently, 186, 187

Voyage of Captain Cook (1778), 83, 176, 430

of Veit Bering (1741), 1, 2, 3, 4, 73, 74

of Tscherikov (1741), 1, 73, 74

of Shellikov (1782-84), 99, 100, 102

of Simeon Deschnev (1648), 429

W

Walker, Lake, 399, 400

Walrus, a description of, 444, 445, 446, 447, 449

in Bristol Bay, 399

alarm when approached in boats, 332

in Arctic, 425, 444

Walrus Islet, a description of, 220, 444, 445

visit to, gathering eggs, 210, 220, 221, 222, 223

Walrus and seal-hunting and hunters, 400, 426, 440, 441, 460, 461

Wars of the Thlinkets, 44

of the Innuits, 417

of the Russian traders, 6, 29, 30, 101

Water-craft of the Sitkans, 62, 63

of the Aleutes, 33

of the Ingaleeks, 417

of the Innuits, 411, 427, 453, 454

Weaving, grass baskets, hats, etc., by Aleutians, 181

grass and bark, by Sitkans, 52

Whaling, Aleutian, 151, 152, 153

Americans, 71, 72, 440, 441

Innuit, 439

Wolves, none on the Aleutian Chain now, 156

Wrangel, Mount, the highest North American peak, 77

town of, 17, 18, 25

Y

Yukon, the river, its characteristics, 413, 413, 414, 415, 416, 419

contiguous country to, 415, 416

its people, 417, 418, 419

Z

Zagoskin, Lieutenant, his labors (1841-1845), 422

Zarenbo, island of, 27

Lieutenant, 25

Zalophus and Eumetopias, differences between, 362

MAP OF ALASKA AND ADJOINING REGIONS. 1886.