INDEX. (continued 4)

De Serre, friend of Niebuhr’s, i, 471.

Q. Sertorius, character, ii, 371; induces Cinna to put a stop to the slaughter, 374; breaks the armistice with Sylla, 380; from Nursia, 397; goes to Spain, 398; takes to flight, 399; places himself at the head of the Spaniards, 400; his fanciful belief, 400; war against Metellus, 400; relieves Caligurris, 403; sells the hostages, 403; murdered, 404.

Servile war in Italy, ii, 404.

Servile war in Sicily, ii, 264.

Servilia, Cato’s half-sister, iii, 77.

Servilius, consul, i, 233.

Servilius, consul, brings reinforcements to Flaminius, ii, 93.

Servilius Ahala, stabs P. Mælius, i, 338; impeached as a murderer, 338.

Servilius Cæpio, stepfather of Cato the younger, iii, 76.

P. Servilius Isauricus, iii, 3.

Servilius Nonianus, historian, iii, 165.

Servilius, see Cæpio, Glaucia, Rullus.

Servius, appears not to have read Nævius’ history on the Punic war, i, 17; iii, 332.

Servius, a standing prenomen in the gens Sulpicia, iii, 193; becomes almost a nomen, so that another prenomen is put before it, 193.

Servius Tullius, legends of him, i, 85, 155; in the Tuscan annals called Mastarna, 88; son of a man of rank at Corniculum, 155; all the political law traced back to him, 156; before him the country district was not yet united with the state, 171; divides the town into four, and the country into twenty-six regions, 172; intends to resign the throne and to have two consuls elected, 185; war against the people of Cære, and of Tarquinii, 185; his reign probably very short, 185; alliance with the Latins, 186; his great rampart, 190; his legislation bears the impress of a Latin stamp, 191; has to be carried through almost by force, 193; attempts to murder him, 193; murdered, 193.

461Sesterces, done away with, iii, 302.

Setia, i, 344.

Settlers and cultivators of the soil alone had a vote in the plebeian tribes, i, 174.

Seven-Years’-War, compared to the second Punic war, ii, 61.

Severus, see Alexander.

Severus, Cæsar in the West, iii, 297; Augustus, 298.

Severus, Cornelius, fragments of his, iii, 140.

Severus, Libius, emperor, iii, 344.

Severus, Septimius, general on the Illyrian frontier, iii, 246; proclaimed emperor by the Pannonian and German legions, 250; enters Rome, 251; from Leptis, thoroughly Punic, 251; a good writer both in Greek and Latin, 251; writes his memoirs, 251; leans to foreign religions, astrology, and soothsaying, 251; gives protection to Christianity, 252; his cruelty, 252; war with Pescennius Niger, 252; gains over Albinus, 253; wars against the Parthians, 253; in Britain, 254; causes himself to be adopted as the son of M. Aurelius, 254; his measures but little known, 255; fine busts and statues from his age, 275.

Sextilis, month, receives the name of August, iii, 114.

L. Sextius Lateranus, tribune, i, 396; first plebeian consul, 407.

Sextus Empiricus, iii, 237.

Shaftesbury, ii, 314.

Shakespeare, connects awful natural phenomena with frightful moral ones, ii, 92.

Shaw, fixes with admirable precision the point where Scipio landed, ii, 135.

Sibylline books, after the destruction in Sylla’s time, made up again by collations, i, 7.

L. Siccius, the story of his assassination seems to be a poetical figment, i, 309.

Sicelus comes from Roma on the south to the Pelasgians, i, 116.

Sicily, its language was Greek and Arabic, which afterwards utterly disappears, i, 145; rent in factions owing to the death of Agathocles, 566; natural features of the island, ii, 8; mountains in the South of Italy belong geologically to Sicily, 8; laid waste by the first Punic war, 40; modern Sicilians, next to the Portuguese, rank lowest among the nations of Europe, 40; fates of the island, 40; Roman province, 40; condition after the Punic war, 264.

Siculians, name of the Pelasgians in Italy, Sicily, and Epirus, i, 97.

Siculio, part of the town of Tibur, i, 100.

Sicyon, Ætolian, ii, 151.

Sidicines of Teanum, sprung from the same stock as the Volscians, not limited perhaps to that town, i, 423; league against the Samnites, 436; war of the Romans, 455.

Sidonius Apollinaris iii, 325.

Sieges, sample of them, i, 354.

Sigambri, i, 46, 152; reduced by Drusus, 153; by Tiberius, 154; rising under Vespasian, 242; call themselves Franks, 277.

Signia, colony of Tarquin the Proud, i, 197, 344.

Sigonius has not the least idea of historical criticism, i, 3, 56; arranges the Roman Fasti, 68; 462his works on Roman antiquities recommended, 269, note.

Sigovesus, general of the Gauls, i, 368.

Silanus, defeated by the Cimbrians and Teutones, ii, 324.

Dec. Silanus, iii, 23.

Sila, forest, half of it yielded by the Bruttians to the Romans, i, 571; of great value for ship-building, 571.

Silex, basalt, i, 518.

Silius Italicus, has paraphrased Livy, i, 53.

Silva Ciminia, i, 362.

Simonides sings the achievements of Gelon and Theron, ii, 3.

Singara, battle, iii, 306; taken by Sapor, 309.

Singeric, iii, 335.

Sirmium, Probus wishes to drain the fens in the neighbourhood, iii, 289.

Sisenna, his work extended from the time of Jugurtha to the consulate of Lepidus, i, 37; ii, 389.

Sismondi, i, 175.

P. Sitius, of Nuceria, an adventurer, iii, 67.

Slaves, who gained their freedom, stood to their late masters in the relation of clients, i, 170; punished with death if they presumed to take to themselves the honour of military service, iii, 159; admitted into the army by Augustus, 159; Greek, had a good education in Roman houses, 183; black, in the American colonies, their language, 232.

Slave-trade, its extension after the Punic wars, ii, 265.

Slave-market at Delos, ii, 265.

Slavonic nations, their advance from the East sets the Germans in motion, iii, 242.

Smyrna, free, ii, 183; earthquake, iii, 237.

Soæmis, daughter of Mæsa, iii, 259.

Social war, scantiness of our information, ii, 350; its division, 355.

Socii and Latini opposed to the agrarian law of Gracchus, ii, 282; afterwards sacrificed by the oligarchs, 283; conspiracy of the Socii, 291; C. Gracchus’ intentions with regard to them, 299; armed in the Roman manner, true legions, iii, 43.

Solois, Carthaginian, ii, 4.

Solon, introduces the Attic law of mortgage, i, 229; his legislation contained regulations concerning matters of momentary interest, i, 278; two of his laws met with in the Pandects, which does not prove that the Roman law had sprung from the Attic, 295.

Sonnino, division of the landed property there, ii, 274.

Sophonis, Sophonisbe, daughter of Hasdrubal, son of Gisgo, marries Syphax, ii, 135; takes away her own life, when Scipio demands her extradition, 137.

Sora, i, 456; taken by the Samnites by treachery, 494; conquered by the Romans, 497; restored, 497; retaken by the Samnites, 501; reconquered by the Romans, 504.

Soranus, Bareas, iii, 191.

Sosilus, wrote a history of the second Punic war, staid in the camp with Hannibal, spoken of with censure by Polybius, ii, 62.

463Southern people are able to stand heat and frost better than others, ii, 330.

Spain, the royalist volunteers belonged to the very lowest of the people, i, 513; southern S., its natural advantages, ii, 59; population of the country, 59; southern peoples have quite a different character from those of the north, 60; have an alphabet of their own, 60; saying of an Arab general concerning them, 60; several towns were republics, 71; not barbarians, 71; overpowered by the Romans, 128; citerior and ulterior, provinces, 186; the Roman armies become quite domesticated there, 201; union is wanting, 223; wars with the Romans, 257; character of the Spaniards, 259; southern S. takes up arms for the sons of Pompey, iii, 70; the country on the side of the Mediterranean subject to the Romans, the southern provinces to the Western Goths, 340.

Spaniards, probably stood in catervas and fought with small swords and in cetris, ii, 10; vanity of the present Spaniards, 160.

Sparta, the obligation to military service lasted until the sixtieth year, i, 180; unsuccessful attack of Pyrrhus, 569; stunted, owing to her not making the Lacedæmonians equal to the Spartans, ii, 23; compelled to adopt Achæan νόμιμα, 248; population, 248; severed from the Achæan alliance, 248; defeated in the war with Achaia, 250; remains a libera civitas, 256; conf. Lacedæmon.

Spartacus, a Thracian, breaks out of a barracks at Capua, ii, 404; escapes to Mount Vesuvius, 405; war, 405.

Spartianus, cannot be relied on, iii, 252.

Speech, art of, vanished from Greece, had sought a new home among the Asiatic peoples, ii, 152.

Spendius, a slave from Campania heading the insurrection of the mercenaries against Carthage, ii, 45.

Spina on the mouth of the Po, i, 142.

Spoletum, Roman colony, faithful to Rome in Hannibal’s war, ii, 93.

Sponsio, i, 317.

Stabiæ, taken by Papius Mutilus, ii, 355.

Standing armies, ii, 201.

Statianus, legate of M. Antony, iii, 108.

Statius, Cæcilius, his comic skill praised by Cicero, ii, 392.

Statius Gellius, Samnite general, taken prisoner, i, 504.

Statius Murcus, commander of the fleet of Brutus and Cassius, iii, 96; joins Sextus Pompey, 105.

Statius, his Silvæ agreeable, his Thebais a cold poem, iii, 210; does not win with the Thebais the Capitoline prize, 210; his poem, the Leptitani, 251.

Stilicho pushes on the Eastern Goths under Radagaise to the Apennines not far from Fiesole, i, 414; iii, 331, 322; was not of Roman extraction, 328; marries Serena, 328; defeats Alaric, 329; conquers Alaric near Pollentia, 330; murdered, 333.

Stipendium introduced, i, 351; monthly, 351.

Stoic philosophy particularly welcome to the Romans, ii, 271; did not raise up any heroes among the Greeks, iii, 68; republicanism in Rome, 206; importance in the time of the emperors, 239.

Stonians stand their ground against the Gauls, i, 368.

464Stories, the same told in different ways which are entirely opposed to each other, i, 102.

Strabo, judicious and excellent, mistaken in thinking of the marshes near Parma as those through which Hannibal passed, ii, 89; eminent for his practical turn for history, iii, 227.

Strabo, see Seius.

Strasburg, the guilds the ruling power there, i, 168.

Stratonicea, ii, 219.

Styria, out of two thousand noble families scarcely a dozen remain, i, 140.

Sucro in Spain, ii, 130.

Suessa Aurunca, fortified, i, 497, 510.

Suessula, i, 453.

Suetonius’ life of Cæsar ἀκέφαλος, iii, 29; the dedication also wanting, 29; life of Horace, 134; criticism of the purpose of his work, 164; is a writer who has little of the antique about him, 178; tainted with the profligacy of his time, 179; had no insight into character, 194; not able to do much without books, 204; his book must have been a work of his youth, 205.

Suetonius Paullinus crushes the rebellion in Britain, iii, 191.

Sueves invade Gaul, iii, 42; defeated near Besançon, 43, 46, 211; cross the Rhine, 331; evacuate Gaul, 332; in Spain, 332; defeated by Adolphus, 334.

Suffetes, ii, 6; heads of the state in peace, 168; always called by the Greeks βασιλεῖς, 168, note.

Sully, i, 239, 398.

Sulpicia, iii, 138.

Sulpician aims at the sovereignty, iii, 249.

Sulpicius, tribune, flies after the battle on the Alia to the Capitol to defend it, i, 378.

Sulpicius, his fleet a curse for Greece, ii, 146; does not succeed against Philip, 153; his undertaking a complete failure, 153.

P. Sulpicius, tribune, brings forward a motion, that the command against Mithridates should be transferred to Marius, ii, 365; moreover, that the new citizens should be distributed in the old tribes, 366; Cicero’s opinion of him, 366; iii, 17; outlawed, ii, 368; killed, 368.

Sulpicius Severus, iii, 326.

Sunnah corresponds in form to the commentarii Pontificum, i, 10.

Suprema tempestas, i, 270.

Surnames, taken from places, betoken a relation of patrons, i, 217.

Susa, iii, 264.

Sussex, iii, 45.

Sutrium and Nepete, border fastnesses of Etruria against Rome, i, 392.

Suwarow, iii, 71.

Swabia was not a German country, has become so only by the Alemanni, iii, 152; little war in the days of Nerva, 216.

Swabians, partly called Sueves, and partly Alemanni, dwell on the Maine, iii, 277; break through the Limes and take possession of what is now Swabia, 280.

465Swinburne gives a satisfactory description of the ground of the battle of Cannæ, ii, 100.

Switzerland, whenever danger threatened from abroad the aristocratical cantons mild to their country districts, otherwise harsh and cruel to them, i, 225; growing prosperity at the time of the Thirty Years’ war, 459; the office of Bailiff sold in the smaller cantons, ii, 7.

Syagrius, iii, 347.

Sylburg’s edition of Dionysius excellent, i, 41; not inferior to any philologer of the first renown, 41.

Sylla, L. Cornelius, promotes proletarians into the senate, i, 516; treats with Bocchus about the delivering up of Jugurtha, ii, 321, distinguishes himself in the Social War with the main army, 356; consul, 359; character, 359; appointed general by the senate against Mithridates, 360; marches against Rome, 367; conquers near Chæronea, 375; greatness of his character, 378; his return to Italy, 378; confirms all the rights of the new citizens, 379; defeats Norbanus near the Mount Tifata, 380; trace, 380; conquers the younger Marius near Sacriportus, 381; marches upon Rome, 381; goes to Etruria, 382; battle of the Colline gate, 382; has eight thousand Samnites put to death, 383; conduct towards Præneste, 383; proscriptions, 383; his fantastic activity, 385; reorganizes the senate, 385; regulates the consulate and tribunate, 387; deprives the children of the proscribed of their rights as citizens, 387; gives back the administration of justice to the senators, 388; further changes, 388; dictatorship, 390; his disease, 390; death, 391; was not false, 407.

Symmachus, iii, 324.

Symplegades, according to one legend in the eastern, and according to others in the western sea, i, 102.

Sympolity, synonymous to connubium and commercium, i, 503.

Syngraphæ, i, 388.

Syphax, king of the Massæsylians, ii, 131; makes overtures to the Romans, 131; marries Sophonisbe, 135; wishes to act as mediator between Rome and Carthage, 136; defeated by Masinissa, led in the triumph of Scipio, dies at Alba, 136; his statues common, 136.

Syracuse besieged under Agathocles by the Carthaginians, ii, 4; the cradle of mechanical art, 12; falls off from Rome, 114; proclaims the republic, 115; revolution by the mercenaries, 116; conquered, 117; acknowledged by Timæus as the first of Greek towns, 118.

Syria at war with Egypt, ii, 145; wins the northern fortresses of Phœnicia, 145; Roman province, iii, 11; one of the finest and richest countries in the world, 12; overrun by the Persians, 280.

P. Syrus, iii, 141.

T

Tabelliones under the emperors, i, 515.

Tabulæ novæ, cancelling of debts, i, 540.

Tacitus, his loving memory of his father-in-law, ii, 292; the excellent dialogus de Oratoribus, iii, 130, 185; has not described the time of Nerva, 214; 466has written from the death of Augustus down to Trajan, 164; the Annales were very likely twenty books, 164; throws in the beginning of his Historiæ some light on Galba, 194; his opinion of Otho’s end, 198; his Agricola one of the greatest masterpieces of biography, 211; character of his writings, 224, 225; first edition of Agricola, 224; the Historiæ comprised thirty books, 225; his age did not acknowledge his eminence, 225.

Tacitus, princeps Senatus, emperor, iii, 287; the statement of his advanced age deserves little credit, 288; carries on the war against the Alans, 288; dies, 288.

Tactics of the Romans, great light thrown on it by Cæsar’s commentaries and by Josephus, iii, 199.

Tadjiks, inhabitants of towns, iii, 264.

Tænarus, the gathering place of men without a home, i, 462; ii, 23.

Talents in Appian are not Attic, but Egyptian, i. e., copper talents, iii, 72.

Talmud, corresponds in form to the Commentarii pontificum, i, 10.

Tamphilus, see Bæbius.

Tanaquil, lives to see the death of Servius, must at that time have been a hundred and fifteen years old, i, 81, 155; every woman, who is stated to have been Etruscan, is called by the Romans Tanaquil, 137.

Tarchon, i, 192.

Tarentum waxes great by the immigration of the Greeks from the other states, i, 459; state of its affairs, 460; constitution, 460; the blame heaped upon it is unjust, 460; calls in Archidamus of Sparta, 461; then Alexander of Epirus, 461; wool dying manufactories, 478; its share in the second Samnite war, 497; calls in Cleonymus against the Lucanians, 510; very likely throughout the Samnite war hostile to Rome, 511; treaty with Rome, 511, 544; excites the people far and near against the Romans, 544, 548; destroys the Roman ships, 549; the citadel given up to Cineas, 556; sold by Milo, 570; garrison of the Romans there, ii, 50; goes over to Hannibal, 110; the citadel remains to the Romans, 110; fallen into the hands of Hannibal owing to treachery, again betrayed to the Romans, 120; colony sent thither by C. Gracchus, 120; loses all its rights, 186.

Tarpeia, a Sabine heroine, i, 29.

Tarquinians, after their expulsion reside at Laurentum, i, 136; gens Tarquinia, 137; treated at first with forbearance, then exiled, 204.

Tarquinii, an important town, its connexion with Corinth not to be mistaken, i, 134; its people carry on war against the Romans, 390; threaten Rome, 408; war of them, 413; routed by C. Martius, 413.

Tarquinius Priscus, legends of him, i, 81, 185; is a Latin, not an Etruscan, 136; his wife in the old legend a Latin woman, Caia Cæcilia, 137; in all likelihood belongs to the Luceres, 137; his time seems to be parted from the former by a great gulf, 137; Cloaca maxima, 138; wishes to double the Romulean Tribus, 139.

Tarquinius Superbus, stated by Piso to have been the grandson of Tarquinius Priscus, i, 29; 467at least fifty years of age when he kills Servius, 81; forbids the plebeian Sacra, 173; destroys the laws of Servius Tullius, 184, 194; undertakes immense works, uses the plebeians as bondmen, 194; subjects Latium, 195; presides at the sacrifices of the Feriæ Latinæ, 197; said to have founded colonies at Signia and Circeii, 197; Gabii taken by stratagem, 197; his statue remained on the Capitol, 199; goes to Cære, Tarquinii, Veii, 208; his death, 219.

Sex. Tarquinius, his outrage against Lucretia, i, 189.

L. Tarquitius, master of the horse of Cincinnatus, i, 282.

Tarraco, in the beginning of the second Punic war, in possession of the Romans, ii, 69.

T. Tatius, dies in the fourth year of the town, i, 84, note; gains, by means of treason, a settlement on the Tarpeian Hill, 118; slain at the sacrifice in Laurentum, 118, 121; his memory hated, 121; called by Ennius a tyrant, 121; refuses to the people of Lavinium to give up their kinsmen, 266.

Taurasia, battle, i, 567.

Taurea, see Jubellius.

Taurinians were Ligurians, i, 370.

Tauris, capital of Armenia, iii, 296.

Tauriscans are among the tribes in arms in the war of the Cisalpine Gauls, otherwise only in Carniola, ii, 52; their dwellings, iii, 3.

Taurominium, allied with Syracuse, i, 578; opens its gates to the Romans, 581; independent after the first Punic war, ii, 41.

Taxes among the ancients were mostly on land, ii, 183; made superfluous in Rome by the Macedonian booty after the defeat of Perseus, 219; iii, 301.

Taxiles, general of Mithridates, ii, 375.

Tectosages, tribe of the Galatians, ii, 81.

Telamon, near Populonia, battle of the Romans and the Cisalpine Gauls, ii, 55.

Tellenians, i, 171.

Tellus and Tellumo, deities of the earth, i, 169; temple of Tellus on the Carinæ, 257.

Telmissus comes to Eumenes, ii, 183.

Temple of Penates, falsely called the temple of Romulus, at the foot the Velia, i, 206; that of Venus and of Roma is summa Velia, 206; of Virtus and Honos, dedicated by Marcellus, thoroughly stripped in the time of Livy, ii, 119; the temple of Jerusalem plundered by Pompey, iii, 11; of the temple of Apollo on the Palatine nothing is left, 149; the temple of peace built by Vespasian, 207; of Mars Ultor, all the columns of marble, 222; the temples of Venus and Roma erected under Hadrian, 224.

Tenchteri, Cæsar’s conduct to them, iii, 44.

Terentia, Cicero’s wife, her influence over him, iii, 18.

C. Terentilius Harsa appoints five men to draw up a law, declaring the limits of consular authority, i, 277.

P. Terentius Afer (Terence), ii, 392; conf. Plautus.

Terentius Culleo, ii, 185.

C. Terentius Varro, consul, son of a butcher, ii, 97; seems unjustly to have been condemned by historians, 98; 468in the account of Appian, taken from Fabius Pictor, he is far from being so blameable as Livy and Polybius want to make him out, 99.

M. Terentius Varro, descendant of C. Terentius Varro, dates the death of Nævius later than others do, i, 18; not a learned philologist in the modern sense of the term, 99; has read an immense deal, but is confused, 103; belongs to the aristocratical party, ii, 98; iii, 56; does not at all write like one who lived in the same age with Cicero, 127; by far less learned in Greek things than in Roman, 127.

Terina, i, 458.

Termantia, or Termessia, town of the Celtiberians, ii, 260.

Terni, origin of the cascade, i, 538; conf. Amiternum.

Terra di Lecce and Terra di Otranto, the Greek language extinct there, i, 145.

Terracina, Tyrrhenian, called formerly Τραχεινή, i, 110; afterwards Volscian, called Anxur, 223; conf. Anxur.

Tertullian, a man of the highest talent, iii, 234; his book against the theatre, 235; should be read much more generally by philologists, 235.

Tetricus, C. Pesuvius, emperor in the West, iii, 283, 284; goes over to Aurelian, 286.

Teuta, Queen of Illyria, ii, 47.

Teutoburg Forest, battle, iii, 157.

Teutones, of German stock, ii, 323; may have been chased out of the East by the advance of the Sarmatians, 323; conquered by Marius, 329.

Teutonic Knights at Königsberg, had a book with stories from the O. T., and from the heroic age of Rome, i, 79.

Thalna, see Juventius.

Thapsus, peninsula with a fortified town, iii, 67.

Tharyps, king of the Molossians, i, 552.

Thasus, the Phœnician settlement there later than that of Cyprus, ii, 1.

Theatres, Greek, had most of them a view of the sea, i, 549; in them the people used to assemble, 549; of Marcellus, iii, 149.

Thebes, destroyed, ii, 255.

Theocritus, said to have been put to death by Hiero on account of a Satire, i, 578; his idyll Χάριτες, 578; his shepherds are Siculian, not Greek, iii, 131.

Theodora, stepdaughter of Maximian, wife of Constantine, iii, 298.

Theodoric, king of the Western Goths, iii, 340; his classical knowledge, 343.

Theodorius, emperor, colleague of Gratian, iii, 319; native of Spain, 319; character, 320; conquers the Goths, 320; defeats Maximus near Aquileia, 321; against Eugenius, 321; does penance, 322.

Theodosius, iii, 335.

Theology, of the Romans Etruscan, i, 148; a knowledge of the imperial history indispensable for it, iii, 164.

Theophilus, his mistake, ii, 41.

Theophrastus, did not yet reckon by Olympiads, i, 149.

469Thera, rises out of a clod of earth, i, 102.

Thermantia, Stilicho’s daughter, Honorius’ wife, iii, 332.

Thermometer, its height much less in old times than now, i, 357, and note.

Thermopylæ, Ætolian, ii, 151; battle, 173.

Thesmophoriæ, celebrated by women only, iii, 27.

Thessalians, are connected with the Pelasgians, i, 96.

Thessalonica, besieged by the Goths, iii, 284.

Thessaly, country of Cineas, has produced no other distinguished man, i, 555; well affected to Macedon, ii, 145; part of it Ætolian, 151; blended with Macedon, 151; forms with Phthiotis the Thessalian republic, 163; quite unable to take care of its own affairs, 171.

Thirty Years’ War, did nothing but destroy in literature, ii, 395; in the latter years of it the French, Swedish, and imperial armies were equally bad, iii, 201.

Thrace, the towns on the southern coast belonged to Egypt, ii, 145; conquered by Philip, 148; a kingdom, iii, 121.

Thracians, surprise the Roman army, ii, 204; are not without Greek learning, 309; speak Wallachian, iii, 267; only the seaports and the larger inland towns, Greek, 267.

Thrasea, see Pætus.

Thucydides mentions natural phenomena, ii, 92; no other historian of the same spirit rose up after him, iii, 275.

Thurii, i, 459; conquered by the Lucanians, 551; by Rome, 551; destroyed, ii, 406.

Thurinians, supported by the Romans against the Lucanians, i, 545; erect a statue to Fabricius, 546; the protection of Tarentum withdrawn from them, 551.

Thysdrus, provincial town in Africa, iii, 268; insurrection against Maximian, 268.

Tiberius, Claudius Nero, a very able ruler, iii, 126; compelled to marry Julia, 147; proud of high birth, 147; goes to Rhodes, 147; adopted by Augustus, heir presumptive, 148; looked upon with gloomy forebodings, 149; campaign against the Dalmatians, 149; suspected of having caused the death of Drusus, 153; receives the command in Gaul, 153; subdues the Sigambri, Bructeri and Cherusci, 154; against Marbod, 155; to Gaul, 159; speaks the funeral oration of Augustus, 161; was in danger of life even when still an infant, 165; has the quæstura Ostiensis, 166; goes to Armenia, 166; character, 166; a first-rate general, 166; heir of two-thirds of Augustus’ property, 168; dissimulation, 168; his apparent refusal to undertake the government, 168; did all for peace, 170; hoards treasures, 173; his dread of Livia, 174; gives himself up to the most infamous lusts, 174; Napoleon’s opinion of him, 174; withdraws to Capreæ, 175; declares against Sejanus, 176; poisoned, 177; knew Caligula as the monster he really was, 177.

Tibullus, his fortune had suffered in the stormy times in which he was placed, iii, 137; genuineness of his poems, 137.

Tibur seems to have formed a distinct state, hostile to the Romans, i, 413; 470receives the full franchise by the Lex Julia, ii, 354; declares for Marius, 370; conf. Præneste, Tivoli.

Tiburtines, attached to the party of Cinna, iii, 107.

Ticida, iii, 129.

Ticinus, battle, probably near Pavia, ii, 83.

Tifata, Mount, battle, ii, 380.

Tigellinus, præfectus prætorio, iii, 192.

Tigranes, king of Armenia, iii, 2; extent of his empire, 2; buys the peace with Rome, 11.

Tigranocerta, iii, 7; taken by Lucullus, 7.

Tigurini, in Helvetia, of Gallic stock, join the Cimbrians, ii, 324; revenge of the Romans, iii, 41.

Timæus, source of Ennius, i, 24; statement from him, 98; is the first who reckons by Olympiads, 149; his history of the Samnite wars merely an introduction to that of Pyrrhus, 493; his history of the war of Pyrrhus, 562; ii, 1; lived in Athens, ii, 118.

Timesicles, see Misitheus.

Timesitheus, see Misitheus.

Τιμηταί of the Greek towns, i, 332.

Timoleon checks the spread of the Carthaginians in Sicily, i, 457; pacifies Sicily, 575; ii, 4.

Tin, of great value to the ancients for making copper fusible, ii, 58; even now found principally in England and the East Indies, iii, 45; very great quantities used in ancient times, 45; channels of its trade, 45.

Tin mines in Cornwall, iii, 45.

Tiridates receives Armenia as a fief from Nero, iii, 191; mention of him in the Mirabilia Romæ, 192.

Tiridates, prince of Armenia, iii, 313.

Tities, name of the Sabine tribe, i, 124.

Titthi, tribe of the Celtiberians, ii, 260.

L. Titurius, his legion annihilated by the Eburones, iii, 46.

Titus, son of Vespasian, remains behind in Judæa, iii, 201; carries on the government, 207; very unpopular before his father’s death, 207; his generosity, 208; præfectus prætorio, 208.

Tivoli had in the 15th century fifty times more owners of the soil than now, i, 228; destroyed places in its neighbourhood, 409 and note; constitution in modern times, ii, 398; conf. Tibur.

Toga, its form, i, 267.

Toichographies of the Greeks, i, 5.

Tolistoboii, tribe of the Galatians, ii, 181.

Lars Tolumnius, king of Veii, i, 347.

Tomi (Kustendji), lay outside the contiguous Roman empire, iii, 161.

Tongres, burnt to ashes, iii, 308.

Town-house in America, i, 450.

Trajan, fond of transporting himself into the past, i, 403; has written his memoirs, iii, 214; adopted by Nerva, 215; his descent, 216; goes to Germany, 216; comes to Rome only a year after his accession, 217; his energy, 217; gets the finances into excellent order, 217; the first Dacian war, 218; conquers, 218; second war, 219; successfully ended, 219; war against the Parthians 219; 471reduces Seleucia and Ctesiphon, 220; makes peace, 220; makes Arabia a Roman province, 220; dies at Selinus, 221; adopts Hadrian, 221; his buildings, 221.

Trajanopolis, formerly Selinus, iii, 221.

Trajan’s pillar, iii, 212, 223.

Transitio ad plebem, i, 200; iii, 28.

Trapani, the Drepana of old, ii, 29.

Trasimenus, battle, ii, 91; has great resemblance to the battle of Auerstedt, 91.

Travertino, is fire proof, i, 380.

Treasury of Rome during the time of the Social War, ii, 296; well filled at the death of Antoninus Pius, iii, 248.

Trebia, locality of the battle, ii, 84; battle of Macdonald against Suwarow in 1799, 86.

Trebonianus, Gallus, emperor, iii, 278; concludes a treaty with the Goths, 278; falls, defeated by Æmilianus, 279.

Trebonius, a Lucanian name, iii, 37.

C. Trebonius, general of Cæsar, takes a part in the conspiracy against him, iii, 79.

Trent, a Lombard colony, i, 103.

Treves, seat of the Gallic government, iii, 283; Porta nigra, 283; destroyed, 308.

Triarii, i, 441.

Triballians, make their appearance in Thrace nine (twelve) years after the taking of Rome, i, 365, 369.

Tribuneship, brought back by Sylla to what it was before the Publilian law, ii, 387; no one, after having been tribune, is to have any office, which led to the senate, 387; restored by Pompey, iii, 5.

Tribuni ærarii, iii, 4.

Tribuni celerum, not one but four of them, i, 199.

Tribuni militares, their number, i, 192; in the army, when complete, there are twenty-four of them, 488.

Tribuni Plebis, entered upon office on the tenth of December, i, 237; institution of the office, 239; elected by the whole of the community, 239; inviolable, 340; chosen auxilii ferendi causa, 340; looked upon like the ambassador of a foreign state, to protect the subjects of his sovereign, 241; their houses open by day and night, not allowed to absent themselves from the city, 241; elected by the centuries, 242; confirmed by the curies, 242; their number at first two, afterwards five, 242; were anything but mutinous, 256; their character changes under Pontificius, 260; no longer confirmed by the curies, 261; impeach the consuls, probably before the curies, 265; after that before the Plebes, 265; their procedure in their motions before the people, 270; receive by the Publilian rogations the initiative, 271; their office not abolished under the first decemvirate, only under the second, 298; ten elected under the presidency of the Pontifex Maximus, 312; after the downfall of the decemvirs they enter upon their office in December, 312; the protest of one might paralyze the influence of the whole body, 314; representatives of their order, 314; seem also to have taken auspices, 314; patricians among them, 314, 326; 472their college divided, 328; their power limited by the Lex Ælia and Fusina, ii, 226; arrest consuls, 226; change of the character of the tribuneship, 269; can only check each other, 280; belong to the first families, 281; merely commissioned to bring motions before the people, 281; enter upon office on the ninth of December, 284; take part in the discussions of the senate, 284.

Tribunus, head of a tribe, i, 174.

Tribunus notariorum, cabinet councillor, iii, 321.

Tribes, the names of the oldest Roman tribes Etruscan, i, 148; of Servius Tullius, i, 173; had common Sacra, 173; names of the country tribes taken from heroes, 173; plebeians only received into them, 174; tribus urbanæ were minus honestæ, especially the Esquilina, the Crustumina standing higher, 336, 522; there seems to have been discussion allowed in them, 184; their privileges, 184; an appeal to them granted by Servius Tullius, 184; their number reduced from thirty to twenty by the peace of Porsena, 212; tribus Crustumina added as the twenty-first, 212; consist of two decuries, 239; were allowed only to transact business on the Nundines, 269; a curulian magistrate not allowed to be present at their assemblies, 269; mode of voting, 260; become a general national division, 304; might assemble every day, 322; decide on war, 415; after the first Punic war there are thirty-five of them, ii, 185; new tribes formed in the Social war, 357; conjectures on their number, 357, note; done away with, 374.

Tribus Æmilia, ii, 374.

Tribus Pupinia, i, 448.

Tribus Quirina, ii, 185.

Tribus Sergia, ii, 374.

Tribus Tarquinia, i, 204.

Tribus Ufentina, i, 466.

Tribus Velina, ii, 185.

Tribute of the conquered countries to Rome, iii, 12.

Trierarchies in Rome, i, 405.

Trifanum on the Liris, battle, i, 444.

Trinundinum or Trinum nundinum, i, 269, 270.

Triremes of the Athenians had from two hundred to two hundred and twenty men, partly rowers, partly marines, ii, 12; of the Romans and Antiates, ii, 13.

Triumph on the Alban mount, i, 411, note.

Triumphal Fasti, see Fasti.

Triumphal arches at the entrances of the Forum Ulpium, iii, 224, on that of Severus the falling of the art is to be seen, 224.

Triumviri, more correctly tresviri, i, 544.

Triumviri agrorum dividendorum, ii, 284; were not sacrosancti, 284.

Triumviri capitales were perhaps an offshoot of the ædilieian power, i, 406, 543; their offices, 544.

Triumviri monetales, established after the Lex Hortensia, i, 406.

Triumviri reipublicæ constituendæ, i, 407; iii, 92.

Trocmi, tribe of the Galatians, ii, 181.

473Trogus Pompeius, born near Massilia, used native chronicles, i, 364; of Ligurian extraction, ii, 49.

Trojans to be looked upon as Pelasgians, i, 96.

Trojan immigration in Italy quite unauthenticated, i, 105; mentioned by Nævius, 105.

Tuarics have an alphabet quite distinct from the Arabic, ii, 310.

Tubero, Q. Ælius, writes the Roman annals anew, i, 35; no longer knew the old style of language, nor did he see the difference between the institutions of his own day and those of primitive times, 35; made use of documents, 35.

Tuditanus, consul, ii, 288.

Tullia gens, an Alban clan on the Cœlius, i, 156.

Tullus, see Attius, Hostilius.

Tunes, Tunis, its territory subject to Carthage, ii, 4; the dialect probably still contains Punic and Latin elements, 5; iii, 234; conquered by Regulus, ii, 21.

Turditanians, according to the ancients of different race from the Cantabrians, according to Humboldt of the same, ii, 60.

Turin, battle, iii, 299.

Turini, ancient form for Tyrrheni, i, 102.

Turnus, synonymous with Turinus, Tyrrhenus, i, 109.

Turnus Herdonius, the tale of him has a highly poetical colouring, i, 195.

Tuscanica signa prized at Rome, i, 153.

Tuscany, the grand duke Peter Leopold divided his subjects, and thereby made them bad, i, 451.

Tusci, synonymous with Tyrrheni, i, 144.

Tusculans, become full citizens after the Latin war, i, 448; put into the Tribus Pupinia, 448; the most renowned Roman families were Tusculan, 448; rising, 480.

Tusculum remains faithful to Rome, i, 390; the theatre there presupposes the performance of native and Greek pieces, ii, 195.

Twelve Tables, the laws of the, introduce one uniform civil law for patricians and plebeians, i, 228, 230; their origin, 297; the laws hostile to the liberty of the plebeians were on the two last, 298; constitution after them, 300, 303; the laws were not entirely new, 301; give unlimited right to dispose by will, 301; forbid the enactment of any privilegia, 303.

Tycha, part of Syracuse, ii, 117.

Tyndaris, on the northern coast of Sicily, sea fight, ii, 16.

Tyrants, thirty, iii, 281.

Tyre, by its connexion with Persia becomes the port for the whole of Asia, ii, 3.

Tyrrhenians, old name of the Pelasgian population of Latium, i, 98; among the Greeks the Pelasgian inhabitants of the whole western coast of Italy, 102; go from Meonia to Italy, 102; the name transferred by the Greeks to the Etruscans, 148; dwelt, according to Thucydides, near Athos, and in Lemnos, according to Herodotus, in Attica, near the Hymettus, 143; the national hatred of the Greeks against them in Pindar to be understood of the Etruscans, 151; make their appearance before Cumæ, 214.

474%center%U

Ulixes, Latin form for Odysseus, ii, 194; Siculian, 194, note.

Ulm, the guilds the ruling power there, i, 168.

Ulphilas, iii, 317.

Ulpianus, Domitius, chief of Septimius Severus, iii, 262; of Tyrian origin, but not born in Tyre, 262; murdered, 263; a great jurist, 275; excellent with regard to language, 275.

Ulster, it is problematical whether any Cymri had dwelt there, ii, 322.

Umbrians, belong to the same stock as the Opicans, i, 99; their language has some resemblance to Latin, 142; Umbria, a district in Tuscany, 146; become tributary to the Gauls, 372; connexion with the Romans, 509; acknowledge Rome’s supremacy, 571; under arms during the Social War, ii, 352, 358; get the Roman franchise, 358.

Umbro, river in Tuscany, i, 146.

Unction often applied as a remedy, iii, 252.

Uri, the Beisassen, a subjugated community, i, 167; the canton oligarchical, 437.

Usipetes, Cæsar’s conduct against them, iii, 44.

Utica, older colony of Tyre than Carthage, ii, 1; rises against Carthage, 45; throws itself into the arms of Rome, 232; saved by Cato, iii, 69.

V

Vaccæans, their subjection, ii, 202; war against them, 231.

Vadimo, lake, i, 547.

Valais, iii, 43.

Valckenaer, iii, 235.

Valencia, province, Latinized, ii, 257.

Valencia, town, founded, ii, 260.

Valenciennes, excavations, iii, 203.

Valens, see Fabius.

Valens, brother and colleague of Valentinian the First, iii, 315; cruel and cowardly, a fanatical Arian, 316; battle of Adrianople, 319.

Valentinian, emperor, an Illyrian, iii, 315; character, 315.

Valentinian II., son of Valentinian the First, iii, 316; flies before Maximus to Thessalonica, 321; murdered by Arbogastes, 321.

Valentinian III., Placidus, iii, 335; emperor, 335; conspires against Aëtius, 342; murdered, 342.

Valeriani, ii, 377; iii, 5.

Valerianus defeats Æmilianus, emperor, iii, 279; censor, 279; his history very obscure, 279; war with the Persians, capitulates and becomes a prisoner, 280; dies in captivity, 281.

Valerian laws restore those of Servius, i, 207.

Valerius, see Messalla.

Valerius and Horatius, consuls after the downfall of the decemvirs, i, 342; conquer the Sabines, 342.

475L. Valerius, duumvir navalis, sent with his squadron to Tarentum, i, 549; killed, 549.

M. Valerius, dictator, i, 235.

Valerius, Volesus, and the several contemporary Valerii, i, 200, note, 218; belong to the Tities, 200.

Valerius Antias, the most untrue of all the Roman historians, i, 32; does not belong to the gens of the patrician Valerii, 32; Livy has repeatedly taken from him, 33, 117.

M. Valerius Corvus, character, i, 425, 481; conquers near the Mount Gaurus, 427; a second time, 429; puts down the insurrection near Lautulæ, 431; lives to an advanced age, 547; six times consul, ii, 333.

Q. Valerius Falto, prætor, conquers near the Ægatian isles, ii, 38.

L. Valerius Flaccus, friend of Cato, ii, 173, 192.

L. Valerius Flaccus, head of the democracy, ii, 369; gets the command against Mithridates, 375; murdered by his quæstor or legatus Fimbria, 376.

Valerius Flaccus, prætor, iii, 23; Cicero’s oration for him, 37.

Valerius Maximus, one of the most wretched of writers, i, 66; during the middle ages the mirror of virtue, 79; no historical authority, 466.

Valerius Poplicola, præfectus urbi, i, 202; generally mentioned as the successor of Collatinus, 205; the accounts of him are fabulous, 206; said to have been chosen into the senate, 334.

L. Valerius Potitus, requires the decemvirs to resign their power, i, 308.

C. Valerius Triarius, iii, 8.

Valesius, Hadrian, iii, 276.

Valgius, iii, 129, 141.

Valla, Laurentius, his grave discovered by Niebuhr, i, 3; startled at the contradictions of ancient history, 3, 56.

Vandals, fearing rebellions, pull down the walls of the conquered towns, ii, 20; make their appearance, iii, 284; threaten Rome, 287; cross the Rhine, 332; evacuate Gaul, 332; in Spain, 332; conquered by Adolphus, 334; invited to Africa by Boniface, 337; truce and peace, 337; pillage Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the coast of Italy, 338.

Q. Vargunteius, has reviewed, not divided the books of Ennius, i, 24.

Q. Varius, tribune, his law, ii, 349.

Varius, ranked by the ancients among the greatest of that age, iii, 138; his tragedy of Thyestes, 138; composed very likely after Alexandrinian tragedy, 138.

Varro, see Terentius.

Varro Atacinus, translator of Apollonius Rhodius, iii, 129.

Varus, general of Pompey in Africa, iii, 56.

Varus, Martius, iii, 241.

Varus Quinctilius, iii, 156.

Vases, Etruscan, near Tarquinii, perfectly similar to the oldest Greek ones, i, 134; Arretinian, 134.

Vatinius, Cicero’s charge and defence, iii, 20; causes, as tribune of the people, Cisalpine Gaul to be given to Cæsar for five years, 34.

Vaudoncourt, general, asserts, that the Italian, Spanish, and African nations, fought in phalanx, i, 476; 476his notions with regard to the battle on the Trebia inconceivable, ii, 84.

Vegetation in southern countries always springing up about walls, i, 382.

Veientine war of Tarquin mythical, i, 208.

Veii, extent of the town, i, 261; war with Rome, 261; conquer the stronghold of the Fabii at the Cremera, 264; attack against Rome, 264; truce, 265; last war with Rome, 352; parallel to that of Troy, 354; conquered, 359; occupied by patricians, and partly also by plebeians, 360; the Etruscans try to reconquer it, but are repulsed by the Romans under Cædicius, 381; proposition to inhabit Veii instead of Rome, 386; destroyed by the orders of the senate, 387; restored as military colony under Augustus, 387.

Velabrum, i, 189; lay low on marshy ground, 518.

Velia summa, infima, i, 206.

Velinus, lake, its draining, i, 538.

Velitræ, originally Latin, i, 445; afterwards a Volscian town, 344, 345; Roman colony, 345; separated from Rome, 390; fate after the Latin war, 450.

Velleius Paterculus, writes as far as 783, independent of Livy, i, 57; character, 58; ii, 357; hits off many characters with masterly touches, iii, 146; has much of the mannerism of the French writers of the eighteenth century, 165.

Venafrum, got Roman franchise perhaps by the Lex Julia, ii, 354.

Venantius Fortunatus, iii, 154.

Vendeans in the year 1793, i, 526.

Veneti, near the mouth of the Loire, conquered by Cæsar, iii, 45.

Venetians, friends to the Romans, ii, 56; their chief town Patavium, 56; different from the Tuscans, probably of Liburno-Pelasgian descent, 56; their residences, 56; dependent, 58.

Venice, position of the nobili, i, 131, 512; in the concilio grande every one was equal to his neighbour, 174; wishes for peace after the battle of Ghiera d’Adda, 475; the places were sold, ii, 7; fought in its most brilliant times only with small ships, 18; senate, iii, 288; foundation, 341.

Vennonius, an annalist, i, 28.

Venusia, colony, i, 534, 560; ii, 106; iii, 133; probably besieged by Pyrrhus, i, 564; takes part in the Social war, ii, 352, 355; military colony, iii, 133.

Ver sacrum, i, 104.

Vercelli, battle, iii, 332.

Vercingetorix, insurrection against the Romans, iii, 46; gives himself up to the Romans, 48.

Verrius Flaccus, i, 130, 136; iii, 323.

Verses, old German, their construction, i, 90; Arabic, 90; Persian, 90; Spanish coblas de art mayor, 90.

Versuram facere, to add the interest to the principal, i, 388.

Verulæ, Hernican town, i, 247.

Verus, Ælius, adopted by Hadrian, iii, 231.

Verus, L., adopted by T. Antonius, iii, 237; wallowed in luxury, 240; sent against Parthia, 240.

477Vescia, Ausonian town, very likely the present S. Agata di Goti, i, 443.

Veseris, battle, i, 439, 443.

Vespasian from Nursia, ii, 397; iii, 199; has the golden house of Nero destroyed, iii, 190; in Syria against Vitellius, 198; instaurator reipublicæ, 199; of low birth, 199; a distinguished officer, 200; comes late to Rome, 201; character, 204; avarice, 206; his saying concerning the wants of the Roman state, 206; his buildings, 207; dies, 207.

Vesta, see Vulcanus.

Vestales, their number reduced to six by Tarquin the Proud, i, 130.

Vestinians of Sabine stock, i, 120, 419; friends to the Samnites, 476; fall off from Rome in the Social War, ii, 352; make peace with Rome, 356.

Vesuvius, quite burnt out at the time of Spartacus, ii, 405; quiet since the time of the Greek settlements, begins to throw up fire under Titus, iii, 209.

Veterans, of Scipio’s army, rewarded by a special grant of land, ii, 187, 273; veterans form settlements where they have been encamped, iii, 152; colonies of them founded by Cæsar, 74.

Vetranio, iii, 306.

Vetrius Messius, i, 344.

Via Appia, i, 518; paved with basalt as far as Brundusium, iii, 222; see Appian road.

Via Setina, i, 518.

Vibenna, see Cæles.

Vibius Virrius, head of the Carthaginian party in Capua resolves to die, ii, 113.

Vici, a certain number assigned to each region, i, 172; iii, 123.

Victor, the Origo gentis Romanæ, a forgery of modern times, i, 34; iii, 323.

Victoriensis, Neu Wied, iii, 283.

Victories, invented after defeats, i, 222.

Victorinus, M. Piavvonius, emperor, iii, 282.

Victorinus, Marius, rhetorician, iii, 324.

Vicus, septem viarum, i, 188; sceleratus, 194.

Videant consules, ne quid detrimenti capiat res publica, i, 277; ii, 304, and note.

Vienna, siege by Soliman, ii, 280.

Vienne, capital of the Allobroges, ii, 78.

Vigiles, iii, 123.

Villani, Giovanni, i, 120; Matteo, iii, 292.

Ville, original meaning, i, 167.

Villius, consul, only a short time against Philip, ii, 154; stationed at Antigonea, 154.

Viminalis, first brought within the precincts of the city by the wall of Servius Tullius, i, 190.

Vincula Petri, iii, 114.

Vinculum fidei, i, 230.

Vindelicians, are of Liburnian stock, i, 370; iii, 151.

Vindex, Julius, an Aquitanian of rank, insurrection under Nero, iii, 192; 478had the rank of a Roman senator, 193; slain, 193; a Gallic national feeling manifested in his rebellion, 202.

Vindiciæ contra libertatem, secundum libertatem, i, 309.

Vinius, favourite of Galba, iii, 196.

Virgil, changes the old legend of the settlement of Æneas in Latium, i, 116; Gensque virum truncis et duro robore creti, i, 110; recens horrebat regia culmo, 120; his life in danger, iii, 101; his fourth eclogue, 103; may be called the contemporary of Asinius, 130; never has any obsolete phrases but in the Æneid, 131; opinion of him, 131; lyric poetry his true calling, 132; wishes to burn the Iliad, 133; deserves the reproach of flattery far more than Horace, 134; follows in the track of the poets of Alexandria and Pergamus, 139; Virgilian school in the middle ages, 186.

Virgin, her image washed in the river Almo, iii, 115.

Virginia, daughter of the centurion L. Virginius, i, 309; crime of Ap. Claudius against her, 309.

Virginius, father of Virginia, not Aulus, as Livy has it, i, 309.

T. Virginius Rufus, commander of the German troops, iii, 193; truce with Vindex, 193; refuses to be emperor, 193; declares himself for Galba, 194.

Viriathus, ii, 224, 257; his peace with the Romans, 258; murdered, 259.

Viridomarus, Gallic chief slain by M. Claudius Marcellus, ii, 56.

Visigoths, iii, 317; their national civilization, 317; received into the Roman empire, insurrection at Marcianopolis, 318; overrun Mœsia and Thrace, 318; besiege Adrianople, 319; disarmed by Theodosius, 320; defeated in Greece by Stilicho, 329; conf. Alaric and Adolphus.

Vitellius, proclaimed emperor by the troops on the German frontier, iii, 196; his character, 196; his father, 196; marches against Italy, 197; battle near Bedriacum, 197; takes possession of Rome, 198; murdered, 201.

Vitruvius Vaccus, i, 466.

Vituli or Vitelli, name of the Pelasgians in Italy, i, 79.

Vodostor, Carthaginian commander, ii, 37.

Volaterra, destroyed, ii, 383.

Volcano, on Ischia, an eruption, i, 536.

Volnius i, 148.

Vologæsus, iii, 391.

Volones, ii, 110.

Volscians, are Opicans, i, 98, 223; periods of the wars against them, 246; advance against Rome from the sea-side, 275; very likely those of Ecetræ had a friendly alliance with Rome, 285; get isopolity, 285, 292; the Volscians of Ecetræ crushed by Postumius Tubertus, 344; split into several states, 410; their land Roman, 504; peace, ii, 147.

Volscius, who informs against Cæso Quinctius, banished by Cincinnatus, i, 284; his surname of Fictor, 284.

Voltumna, temple, i, 151; festivals of the Etruscans there, 350.

Volumnius, consul, carries on the war in Samnium, i, 525; goes to Etruria, where Ap. Claudius wants not to admit him, 527.

479Voss, J. II., the truth of his remarks on Tibullus not admitted owing to party spirit, iii, 137.

Vossius, Ger. John, i, 38; misled by Pighius, 69.

Vulcanus and Vesta, deities of fire, i, 169.

Vulsinii, the insurrection there betokens the condition of a vanquished people, i, 152; war with Rome, 361, 390, 509.

Vulturnum, another name for Capua, i, 343.

W

Walch’s emendations on Livy, i, 57.

Wall of Servius Tullus, i, 190; that which is called after Trajan, probably built by Augustus, iii, 61.

Wallace, ii, 53.

Wallachia, language of the country, iii, 219.

Wallia, iii, 345.

Walpole, i, 464.

Warnefrid, Paul, Eutropius continued by him, i, 66.

War, a different notion of waging war has come into vogue since the end of the seventeenth century, ii, 119.

War, declaration of war by the Fetiales, its formula in Livy, i, 104.

War, art of war was of a far higher order in the Seven-Years’ war than it is now, ii, 17.

Wars in the French revolution conducted with sluggishness and want of design on the part of the enemy, ii, 82.

Waterloo, battle, i, 560.

Wattignies, battle, turning point of the modern history of warfare, ii, 14.

Well, on the Capitol, i, 378.

Wendes, in Germany, have most of them adopted the German language without colonization, i, 367.

Western Asia, ruled over by Syrian kings, ii, 145.

Western Goths, see Visigoths.

Westerwald, iii, 46.

Wieland, his commentary on Horace, iii, 134.

Will, double form of it, i, 301; in procinctu, 301; auguries requisite for it, 302; the free disposition of property gave rise to the most shameful abuse, 303.

Winkelmann, i, 73; led astray by Dempster, 141; belongs from his style to the period before Lessing, iii, 127.

Winter, severe, in Rome, i, 357.

Wittekind, of Corvey, in his time all memory of the Roman wars entirely vanished, iii, 150.

Wolf, F. A., i, 73, 251.

X

Xanthippus, not a Spartan, but a Neodamode, ii, 22; becomes general of the Carthaginians, 23; defeats Regulus, 24; leaves Carthage, 24.

Xanthus, in Lycia, iii, 96.

480Xanthus, of Lydia, his work unjustly suspected of not being genuine, i, 143.

Xenagoras, i, 223.

Xiphilinus, extracts from Dio Cassius, i, 64.

Y

Year, the oldest year of the Romans had ten months, i, 84, 387; that of the Etruscans likewise, 387.

Yellow fever, in Cadix in 1800, i, 276.

Yemen, etymology, iii, 281.

Z

Zama, battle, ii, 140.

Zanclæans, their curse on Messana, i, 577.

Zarmizegethusa, capital of Dacia, Roman colony under the name of Colonia Ulpia, iii, 219.

Zeno, iii, 68; by far inferior to Plato and Aristotle, 239.

Zenobia, widow of Odenathus, iii, 282; war with Aurelian, 286; must have had bad infantry, 286; taken prisoner, 286.

Zeuxis, ambassador of Antiochus to Scipio, ii, 179.

Zonaras, follows in the track of Dio Cassius, i, 20; his extract from it has a slight admixture from Plutarch, 64; character of his work, 64; statements of his of a marked character are taken from Fabius, ii, 62.

Zorndorf, battle, 531.

Zurich, the guilds the ruling power there in the fourteenth century, i, 168.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Page Changed from Changed to

281 called Princeps Saracenorum (from شرق to rise, دشرق called Princeps Saracenorum (from شرق to rise, مشرق

Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.

Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.