TABLES OF EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES, COMPILED FOR THIS TRANSLATION.

As many of the readers of this work may not be acquainted with the several Dynasties which successively reigned over Egypt, and the approximate dates which have been assigned to them, the following Tables have been compiled for their convenience, on the authority of the Chevalier Bunsen⁠[373] and Dr. Richard Lepsius⁠[374]⁠, and of Kenrick’s “Egypt under the Pharaohs.”

Manetho, High Priest of the Temple of Isis at Sebennytus, in Lower Egypt, in the reign of the first Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, surnamed Soter, 322 to 284 B.C., a man of the highest reputation for wisdom, and versed in Greek as well as in Egyptian lore, published various works for the purpose of informing the Greeks. Although his history is lost, we have the Dynasties tolerably entire. His excellence as an historian is placed in the clearest light by the monuments which are now made accessible to us; and the notices concerning him transmitted by Greek and Latin authors, are in no respect contradictory. The writers by whom the works of Manetho have been preserved to us, are:

Julius Africanus, Bishop of Emmæus, or Nicopolis, in Judæa, a man of learning, research, and probity, who wrote in the beginning of the third century, A.C.;

Eusebius, Bishop of Cesarea, in Palestine, about a hundred years later than Africanus; and

Syncellus, a Byzantine monk, of the beginning of the ninth century.

The lists of Manetho comprise 30 Dynasties. Egyptian history is divided into three periods—the Old Monarchy, which comprised 13 Dynasties; the Middle Monarchy, which included the 14th and 17th Dynasties; and the New Monarchy, which, commencing with the 18th, ended with Nectanebus, the last of the Pharaohs, 339 years before Christ.

“The result of our chronological investigations (Bunsen and Lepsius) has been, to carry us up to the foundation of an empire in Egypt, and to a series of kings whose names have not only been registered and transmitted to us by the Egyptians themselves, but which are now legible on Egyptian monuments, most of them erected in the lifetime of the kings whose names they record.”—Bunsen.

Dynasty. Origin. Names of the Kings in the Lists of Manetho, or of Eratosthenes. Names of the same Kings in other Authors. Approximate Dates B.C. of beginning of Dynasty. REMARKABLE EVENTS.

Bunsen. Lepsius.⁠[375]⁠

I. Thinite. Menes Menaios, Herodotus 3643 3893 Menes, born at Abydos, or This, in Upper Egypt. Several States existed in the Thebaid and Delta before his time, and he united them in one Monarchy. He founded Memphis. Under Semempses, the building of the Pyramid at the Labyrinth in the Fayoum, the oldest existing in Egypt.

Athothis

Kenkenes

Menephis Mnevis, Pliny

Semempses { Ismandes, Strabo

{ Osymandyas, Diodorus

II. Thinite. Boethos Under Kaiechos, the introduction of the worship of the Bull,—Apis at Memphis, and Mnevis at Heliopolis, and of the Mendesian Goat.

Kaiechos Choos-Kechoos

Binothris

Tlas

Sethenes

Chaires

Nephercheres

Sesochris

Cheneres

III. Memphite. Sesorcheres 3453 3640 Under Sesortosis the introduction of building with hewn stones; also improvements in the art of writing. Building of the Pyramids of Dashour.

Toichares

Sesortosis Ægyptus, Diodorus

Mares Sasychis, Herodotus

An-Soyphis

IV. Memphite. Saophis { Cheops, Herodotus 3229 3426 Builder of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh.

{ Chufu

Saophis II. { Chephren Builds the second Pyramid.

{ Schafra

Mencheres { Menkera Builds the third Pyramid.

Mencheres II. { Mykerinus

Pammês

V. Elephantine. Usercheris c. 3150

Snephres

Nephercheres

Sisires

Cheres

Rathures

Mencheres

Tancheres

Onnos Unas

VI. Memphite. Othoes 3074 Phiops (Mœris) formed out of the desert, the fertile district of the Fayoum.

Phios

Methusuphis

Phiops Apappus, Eratos., the Mœris of the Greeks and Romans

Menthesuphis

Nitokris (a queen), widow of Phiops, resigned after the death of her son Menthesuphis

VII. to XI. Manetho does not give the names of the Kings of these Dynasties; none between Nitokris and Amenemes. 2967 c. 2960

XII. & XIII. Theban. Amenemhe I. { Osirtasen 2801 c. 2330 Sesortesen I. conquers Ethiopia; erects the Obelisk of Heliopolis. Amenemhe III., the builder of the Labyrinth in the Fayoum. Foundation of Thebes by Sesortesen I.

Sesortesen I. 2654 c. 2120

Amenemhe II.

Sesortesen II. The Great Sesostris of the Greeks

Amenemhe III. Mares Amenemes Memnon of the Greeks

XIV. } The Hyksos, or Shepherd Kings.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII. Theban. Amos Aahmes 1638 Under Tuthmosis III. the temple on the eastern side of Thebes was built—Drove the Hyksos from the frontier—The Israelites sorely oppressed. Erection of the obelisks at Alexandria by Tuthmosis III.

Amasis

Amenophis I. Amenatep

Tuthmosis I. Tuthmes

” II. ”

” III. ”

Amenophis II. Amenatep

Tuthmosis IV. Tuthmes

Amenophis III. Amenatep

Horus Her

XIX. Theban. Ramesses Ramses 1409 c. 1440 Ramesses II. built many of the chief monuments now existing. Formed the Cave Temples at Abu-Simbel. His monument, the Colossus at Mitrahenny, on the site of Memphis. Great extension of Thebes under Sethôs I.

Sethôs I. Seti

Ramesses II. Sesostris

Miamun

Menophthah Menophres 1322

Sethôs II. Seti

XX. Theban. Merr-Ra Phuoro, Nilus 1297 c. 1270 Ramses III. leads great armies into Asia, and is a conqueror nearly equal in renown to Sethôs I. and his son Ramesses II. Built the Temples of Medînet-Hâbu.

Ramses III.

” IV.

” V.

” VI.

” VII.

” VIII.

” IX.

” X.

” XI.

” XII.

” XIII.

XXI. Tanite. Smendes Smen-Titi 1112

Phusemes Pi-Scham

Nephercheres Nefru-ke-ra

Menophthes Menephthah

Osochor Peher-Se-Amen

Phinaches Pianch

Phusemes Pi-Scham-Miamn II.

XXII. Bubastite. Sheshonk I. Sesonchis 982 Sheshonk I. takes Jerusalem about 970, and many cities in Judæa. He is the Schischak of the Bible.

Osorkon I. Usuken, Userken, Oserkan

Peher

Osorkon II.

Sheshonk II.

Takelet I. Takiloth

Osorkon III.

Sheshonk III.

Takelet II.

XXIII. Tanite. Petubastes Pet-subast, Pet-Pacht 832

Osorcho Oserkna, Userken

Osorcho P-Si-Mut

Zet, Sethôs

XXIV. Saite. Bocchoris 743

XXV. Ethiopian. Sevech I. Shabak, Sabako 737 Schabak and Tahraka are the So and Tirhakah of the Bible.

Sevech II.

Tirhaka Tahraka, Taheika

XXVI. Saite. Stephinales 687 c. 680 Arches in the tombs near the Pyramids of Gizeh.

Nechepsos

Necho I.

Psammetik I. Psammetichus

Necho II.

Psammetik II.

Psammetik III.

XXVII. Persian. Cambyses 525 525 Conquest of Egypt by Cambyses.

Darius I. Hystaspes

Xerxes I.

Artabanos

Artaxerxes

Xerxes II.

Sogdianos

Darius II. Nothus

XXVIII. Saite. Amyrteos 414

XXIX. Mendesian. Nepherites 408 399

Achoris

Psammuthis

Nephorites

XXX. Sebennytic. Nectanebus I. 387 378 Nectanebus I. builds a temple at Philæ.

Teos

Nectanebus II., last of the Pharaohs

Persian. Alexander conquers Egypt Ochus 340 340

Arses 338 338

Darius 336 336

332 332

AGE OF THE PTOLEMIES. Lepsius.

I. Ptolemy Lagus, Soter I. 305

II. ” Philadelphus 285

III. ” Euergetes I. 247

IV. ” Philopator I. 222

V. ” Epiphanes 205

VI. ” Eupator 181

VII. ” Philometor 181

VIII. ” Philopator II. 146

IX. ” Euergetes 146

X. ” Soter II. 117

XI. ” Alexander I. 107

XII. ” Alexander II. 81

XIII. ” Neos Dionysos 81

Cleopatra VI. Philopator.

With Ptolemy XIV. 52

With ” XV. 48

With ” XVI. Cæsar 45

With Mark Antony 37

Egypt a Roman province 30