Part 2 — INDEX.

Academies, in Jesuit colleges, 518 sqq.

Accessories, in Jesuit curriculum, 118, 125, 192.

Acosta, Jesuit writer, 159.

Adaptability, of Jesuit system, 197 sqq., 280–296.

Adaptation, in the Old Society, 283;

since the revision of the Ratio Studiorum, 191 sqq., 283 sqq.

Affection, of pupils, as element of teacher’s authority, 612, 644.

Agricola, humanist, 33, 60, 67.

Albertus Magnus, 39, 99.

Alcala, university, 42–43, 79.

d’Alembert, 149, 174, 176.

Algué, Jesuit scientist, 230–231.

Aloysius, St., feast of students, 557;

devotion to, 559–560.

Alvarez, 121 sqq.;

grammar, 286.

America, school reforms, 1 sqq., 292 sqq.;

weaknesses of education, 293 sqq., 301 sqq., 307, 326 sqq., 659–661;

scholarship, 411–414;

aid to schools, 412;

classical studies, 344 sqq.;

Jesuit colleges, 201 sqq.;

American Histories of Education, 649 sqq.

Ancient authors, see “Classical Studies.”

Antiquities, as taught in schools, 199, 284, 382, 451–454;

method of teaching, 486 sqq., 519–520;

Jesuit writers on, 157–158, 233.

Appointment, of teachers according to ability, 439–442.

Aquaviva, General of the Society of Jesus, 103, 109 sqq., 113.

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 39, 99;

in Jesuit system, 132, 136, 193–194.

Archæology, see “Antiquities”.

Aristotle, study of in Middle Ages, 45;

Luther’s attacks, 63;

in Jesuit system, 131, 136, 193, 283;

in Protestant schools, 136 note 262;

in modern times, 193–194.

Arnold, Matthew, on translating, 354.

Arnold, of Rugby, on general education, 306;

school exercises, 309;

Latin and Greek, 351, 356;

scholarship of teachers, 406;

dangers of boarding schools, 537 note 927, 552 note 945;

Jesuit methods, 549–550;

on athletics, 571 note 968;

religious instruction, 602–603;

cultivating truthfulness in pupils, 629.

Arnold, Thomas, son of former, 163 note 332.

Astronomers, Jesuits, 179–180, 226–229, 232.

Astronomy, in Jesuit curriculum, 131, 194.

Athletics, in college, 569 sqq.

Auger, Jesuit writer, 593.

Austen, T., 321–322.

Authority of teacher, 610–614.

Avignon, Jesuit College, 127–128.

Azarias, Brother, 11 note 16.

Bacon, Roger, 39–40, 46.

Bacon, Francis, 39–40;

on Jesuit schools, 145.

Bain, Professor, on home lessons, 475–476;

teaching English, 491–492.

Balde, Jesuit writer, 130, 161–162.

Ballestrem, Count, on Jesuit teachers, 535.

Bancroft, G., on Jesuit colleges, 145;

Catholics in Maryland, 203.

Barbier, Jesuit educator, 623–624.

Barnard, Henry, on Jesuit schools, 650 sqq.

Barnes, Dr., 323–324.

Barth, Professor, 566.

Bartoli, Jesuit writer, 137.

Baumgartner, Jesuit writer, 162, 233–234, 236, 238, 377, 381, 383, 384, 386, 387, 390, 391, 393, 396, 398, 401.

Bayer, Jesuit educator, 121 note 228.

Beaumont (England), Jesuit College, 257.

Beckx, General of the Society, 362 note 626;

on national and political attitude of Jesuits, 262–263;

religious instruction, 599, 604.

Beissel, Jesuit writer, 236.

Bellarmine, Robert (Cardinal), Jesuit theologian, 109;

his catechism, 592, 593 note 999.

Benedict, St., 86, 633.

Benedict XIV., Pope, Jesuit pupil, 172;

on the Sodalities, 561.

Benedictines, educational labors, 25–26, 86–87;

as historians, 160.

Bennett, Professor in Cornell University, on experimenting in American schools, 293 note 538;

on Latin, 349 note 593;

on Roman pronunciation, 460 note 804;

on compositions, 505.

Berlin Conferences on higher studies, 136 note 262, 289–291, 333 sqq., 351, 356, 378, 509, 517.

Beschi, Jesuit linguist, 152.

Beirut, Jesuit University, 206.

Bible, and Reformers, 62–63;

in Jesuit colleges, 121–124, 590;

in Greek, 398–399;

alone not sufficient for religious instruction, 583 sqq.;

objections of Catholics to reading in public schools, 587 sqq.

Biblical World, on religious instruction, 577–578, 585, 603.

Bidermann, Jesuit writer, 130.

Bishops of France, on Jesuits, 273 sqq.

Boarding schools, of Jesuits, 250;

dangers of boarding schools, 537 sqq., 552, and note 945.

Boccaccio, humanist, 50.

Bohemia Manor, Maryland, Jesuit school, 204.

Bollandists, Jesuit historians, 161, 234–235.

Bolsius, Jesuit scientist, 233.

Bombay, St. Francis Xavier, Jesuit College, 206, 216.

Bonaventure, St., 39, 99.

Bonifacio, Jesuit educator, 163, 453, 645.

Bonvalot, Jesuit educator, 127.

Boscovich, Jesuit scientist, 179.

Boston College and President Eliot, 224 sqq.

Branch teacher, 442 sqq.

Braun, Jesuit scientist, 232.

Braunsberger, Jesuit historian, 236.

Brethren of the Common Life, 31–33, 138;

see correction 653.

Briggs, Dean of Harvard College, 320, 406, 538–539.

Bristol, Professor in Cornell University, 397 note 695, 398, 401 note 700, 505.

Broderick, G. C., 409–410, 415.

Brosnahan, Jesuit writer, controversy with President Eliot, 223 note 434, 224–225, 327.

Browning, O., on Jesuit education, 16, 186, 244–245, 263.

Brownson, O., 331, 529.

Brunetière, F., 550, 658.

Brunswick, laws against Jesuit schools, 240–241.

Bryce, James, 305–306, 338.

Buckle, H. T., 263.

Buffier, Jesuit geographer, 128, 448 note 785.

Bunyan, 265.

Busaeus, Jesuit, 44, 138.

Butler, President of Columbia University, 66–67 note 135, 293–294.

Caesar, 381–382.

Cajori, Professor, 155–156, 157.

Calcutta, Jesuit College, 216.

Calmette, Jesuit Sanskrit scholar, 151–152.

Cambridge, 69–70.

Campbell, Thomas, Jesuit writer, 577 note 976.

Canfield, President, 313–315, 572 note 968.

Canisius, Peter, Jesuit, 43, 109, 138;

care for poor pupils, 248–250;

on emulation, 512;

catechisms and catechetical instructions, 593–599.

Carroll, Charles of Carrollton, 204, 260, 340.

Carroll, John, Jesuit and first Archbishop of Baltimore, 204–205, 260;

founder of Georgetown College, 205.

Castelein, Jesuit writer, 235.

Catalogues of authors in Jesuit colleges, 374–375;

of philological helps, 446–447, 453–454.

Catechetical training of Jesuits, 421;

instruction in Jesuit schools, 590 sqq.

Catechisms written by Jesuits, 592 sqq.

Catharine II., of Russia, and the Jesuits, 177–178, 189, 258.

Catholic Church, and education, 21 sqq., 28, 30–31, 36–39, 50, 85–87.

Catholics, and the Bible, 587 sqq.;

and sectarian schools, 579 sqq.

Cathrein, Jesuit writer, 235 note 453, 237.

Changes of teachers, 91–97, 444–445.

Character training, 317 sqq., 522 sqq.

Charlemagne, 23, 26.

Chateaubriand, 184–185.

Chevalier, Jesuit scientist, 231.

China, cartographic works of Jesuits, 129, 158;

philological works, 153–154, 158, 232, 656;

Jesuit mathematicians, 156, 158;

Jesuit schools, 206–208.

Chossat Jesuit writer, 128, and passim.

Christ, the teacher’s model, 420, 631, 638, 643, 646;

centre of history, 449 sqq.;

his teaching in relation to pedagogy, 526–527, 540;

Christian interpretation of authors, 365, 600.

Christian Brothers, 88, 98.

Chrysostom, St., 85.

Church and education, see “Catholic Church.”

Cicero, 88, 139, 376, 377 sqq., 395–396, 468–471, 500.

Clarke, Jesuit writer and educator, 212, 235, 423–424, 551–555.

Classes in Jesuit schools, 118 sqq., 370, 372 sqq.

Classical studies, in Middle Ages and at time of Renaissance, 27 sqq., 33 sqq., 41–45, 47 sqq.;

in Jesuit system, 286–287, 331 sqq., 360;

educational value of, 330–369;

dangers of, 50–55, 367, 563 sqq.;

the Gaume controversy, 366 sqq.;

classical authors, 351–352, 370–401;

explained in Christian spirit, 365, 600.

Class matches, 515 sqq.; see “Emulation.”

Class teachers, 442 sqq.

Clavius (Klau), Jesuit, mathematician, 133–134, 155, 438.

Clement XIV., Pope, 175.

Clerc, A., Jesuit teacher, 645.

Clergymen as educators, 100, 408, 601–602.

Clerics, Regular, 80 note 162.

Cleveland, President of the United States, on patriotism of Jesuit schools, 261;

on modern school reforms, 294.

Cleveland, Ohio, Jesuit College and Meteorological Observatory, 227, 229.

Coe, Professor in Northwestern University, 579.

Coeurdoux, Jesuit Sanskrit scholar, 151.

Colet, Dean, 30.

College, American, its equivalent in Jesuit system, 118, 370;

function of, 304, 306 sqq.

Colleges of the Society, 78, 107;

number, 144–146;

in United States, 200–205;

in other countries, 201, 205 sqq.;

success of Jesuit colleges, 89 sqq., 145–150, 207, 208–222;

Roman College, 108;

German College, 138.

Comenius, 292.

Communion, educational influence, 557–558.

Comparative philology, contributions by Jesuits, 149–151.

Compayré, character of his History of Pedagogy, 10, 11 note 16, 649;

on primary schools, 24;

medieval universities, 40 note 75;

attacks on Jesuit education, 10–11, 13 note 18, 77 note 154, 104 note 197, 125, 130, 135, 159, 163, 194–195, 233, 243, 245–247, 249, 250, 361, 362–363, 366 sqq., 437, 489, 493, 511, 618.

Competition, see “Emulation.”

Composition, see “Written exercises.”

Compulsory education, 23, 29, 66.

Confession, educational influence of, 550–557.

Conservatism in Jesuit education, 288 sqq.;

Grover Cleveland on conservatism in education, 294.

Constitutions of the Society, 74–75, 101 sqq.

Contests, exercises in Jesuit schools, 511 sqq.

Conway, James, Jesuit writer, 577 note 976.

Copernicus, 33, 42.

Cortie, Jesuit astronomer, 229.

Coster, Jesuit educator, 44, 138.

Cramming in modern systems, 299 sqq.

Cubberley, Professor, 649, 650.

Cusanus, Cardinal, 33.

Dahlmann, Jesuit scholar, 233, 236.

Dalberg, Bishop, patron of learning, 34.

Dana, C., 343.

Daniel, Jesuit writer, 128, 366.

Dante, 48–49, 387, 391.

Darjeeling, Jesuit College, 216.

Dark Ages, 21 sqq.

Davidson, Thomas, on Jesuit system, 13–14, 76 note 153.

Decline of teaching, 404–407.

Decurions, 139, 286.

Deharbe, J., Jesuit, 599.

Delaney, W., Jesuit, 606.

Demosthenes, 398.

Denis, Jesuit writer, 131, 162, 181.

Denominational schools, 580 sqq.

Devotions, as educational means, 558–560;

devotion of teacher to work, 14, 147, 440–441, 643–644.

Dewey, Admiral, on Jesuit Observatory at Manila, 230.

Dierckx, Jesuit scientist, 233.

Discipline, in school, 537 sqq., 608–635.

Disputations, in Jesuit colleges, 139, 422–425, 511, 518.

Disraeli, 583, 589–590.

Döllinger, 58, 61;

on the Jesuits, 103, 189, 277.

Dominicans, 39, 56, 86–87, 99.

Dowling, M. P., Jesuit, 298.

Drama, in Jesuit colleges, 164 sqq.;

in vernacular, 165 note 338, 192.

Draper, President, 293, 301 note 546, 327.

Dressel, Jesuit scientist, 236–237.

Dreves, Jesuit writer, 236.

Dufrène, Jesuit educator, 121, 126.

Du Halde, Jesuit geographer, 159.

Duhr, Jesuit historian, 12, 112, and passim.

Du Pons, Jesuit linguist, 151.

Duruy, A., on Jesuit schools, 218, 260, 535 note 924.

Education, meaning of, 297–298;

scope, 298–300;

liberal education, 301, 305, 307, 341;

commercial, 306, 337–338;

professional, 303, 335;

education and the Society, 87 sqq., 104 sqq.;

see “Ratio Studiorum.”

Edward VI, 29, 30, 652.

Efficiency, of Jesuit schools, 89 sqq., 145–150, 182 sqq., 208–223;

causes of, 13–14, 17–18, 89–98, 135, 415 sqq., 643–644.

Ehrle, Jesuit historian, 234, 236, 238.

Einstein, L., 28, 31, 37.

Elective system, 5–6, 9–10, 310–329.

Electrical World, 293–294, 311, 339 note 590.

Elementary education, before Reformation, 23 sqq.;

and the Jesuits, 104–106, 209, 247–248.

Eliot, President of Harvard University, on the Jesuit system, 5, 9, 199, 223–225, 243–244, 283, 311 sqq.;

school reform, 293–294;

elective system, 311 sqq.;

on Roman pronunciation, 460 note 804;

on failure of education, 523.

Elsperger, Professor, 196–197.

Emery, Abbé, 184.

Emulation, as a factor in education, 511–518.

England, education before Reformation, 29–31, 652–653;

humanism, 28, 30, 37, 53;

decline of learning, 69–71;

penal laws against Jesuit schools, 239–240;

recent attacks on Jesuits, 256 sqq.

England, Bishop, 330 note 578, 340.

English, teaching of, see “Mother-tongue.”

Eobanus Hessus, 55, 61.

Epping, Jesuit scientist, 236.

Erasmus, leader of the humanists, 34, 36, 54–55;

on schools in Spain, 41, 43;

on decline of learning in consequence of the Reformation, 61–62;

St. Ignatius and Erasmus, 140.

Erudition, part of interpretation of the authors in Jesuit system, the same as subject explanation, 447 sqq., 452, 461, 470, 485 sqq.

Esteem, element of teachers authority, 611 sqq.

Ethics, 131, 284.

Euclid, 153;

non-Euclidean geometry, 156–157, cf. “Saccheri.”

Example of teacher, 419, 531 sqq., 627, 630.

Exercises, means of intellectual training, 308–309, 456 sqq.;

written exercises, 499–506;

correction, 503 sqq.

Explanation, of authors, see “Prelection.”

Expulsion of the Jesuits from various countries, 200, 225.

Expurgated editions of the classics, 363 sqq., 562 sqq.

Eyre, Jesuit educator, 111.

Faber, F. W., 630 note 1054.

Faber, Peter, Jesuit, 43, 60, 79.

Fabri, Jesuit writer, 349, 392.

Family, relation of Jesuit schools to, 250–251.

Fear, element of authority, 614.

Febres, Jesuit linguist, 155.

Feldkirch, Austria, Jesuit College, 411, 573.

Feltre, see “Vittorino.”

Ferry, French Premier, 222, 260.

Fisher, John, Bishop, 30, 53.

Fischer, Joseph, Jesuit writer, 237.

Fitch, Sir Joshua, on clergymen as educators, 100;

on home work, 475;

on writing Latin verses, 506;

on Jesuit education, 549–550;

on religious instruction, 602;

on corporal punishment, 616 note 1035.

Fox, Jesuit philologist, 236.

France, success of Jesuit schools, 92, 182–184, 218–222;

cause of opposition to teaching congregations, 268–269, 658;

testimony of Bishops to Jesuits, 273–276.

Francis Xavier, St., 43, 78, 79;

Jesuit College in: Bombay, 206, 216;

Calcutta, 216;

New York, 202.

Franciscans, 39, 56 note 110, 99.

Frederick the Great, of Prussia, 90;

and the Jesuits, 176–178, 189, 258.

Freiburg, Jesuit College, 163 note 332, 332 note 579, 573.

Friars, 39 sqq., 80 note 162.

Frisbee, S. H., Jesuit, 479 sqq.

Gambetta, 220.

Gates, Professor, 577.

Gaubil, Jesuit sinologist, 153.

Gaume, Abbé, 366 sqq.

Geiler, of Kaisersberg, 34–35.

Genelli, Jesuit writer, 15, 73, 280.

General of the Society of Jesus, 101–102.

General Congregations, 101–102.

Genung, Professor, 353.

Geography, in Jesuit colleges, 127–129, 192, 447 note 785, 448;

Jesuit geographers, 128–129, 158–159, 237.

Georgetown, Jesuit College, 205, 227, 261, 411.

Gerard, J., Jesuit writer, 298, 337.

German higher schools, before Reformation, 31 sqq.;

modern, 9, 289 sqq., 333 sqq.;

Jesuits as educators and writers, 206, 235–238, 262, 271.

Gibbon, 450, 514.

Gietmann, Jesuit writer, 236.

Gnauck-Kühne, Mrs., 96 sqq.

Goethe, 161;

on Jesuit drama, 171;

on specialization, 324;

on classics, 360;

on reading, 566.

Goodwin, Professor, 544.

Grammar, study of, 370 sqq.;

Greek, 392 sqq.

Gratuitousness of instruction, 246, 249–250.

Greek, study of, 339 sqq., 392 sqq.

Gretser, Jesuit writer, 121 note 227.

Grimaldi, Jesuit scientist, 157.

Grisar, Jesuit historian, 46, 234.

Groot, Gerard, 31.

Guggenberger, Jesuit historian, 54 sqq.

Guizot, 425.

Günther, Professor, 180–181.

Hadley, President of Yale University, 2 note 1, 339 note 590.

Hadley, Professor, 479 sqq.

Hagen, Jesuit mathematician, 227, 237, 655.

Hall, Stanley, President of Clark University, 307 note 554, 321, 360, 476–477, 501.

Hallam, 67–69, 71, 251.

Hanus, Professor, 310–311.

Hanxleden, Jesuit scholar, 151.

Hardouin, Jesuit historian, 160.

Harnack, Professor (Berlin), 22 note 32, 52, 60 note 119, 75–76, 83–84, 103, 290, 351.

Harris, W. T., Commissioner of Education, 330 note 578.

Hartmann, Edward von, 52–53.

Harvard University, 1, 203, 223, 315, 326, 327.

Health, of pupils cared for, 124, 572 sqq.

Hegius, humanist, 33–34, 53, 60.

Hell, Jesuit astronomer, 179.

Helmholtz, Professor, 333, 356.

Herodotus, 395.

Hervas, Jesuit linguist, 149–151, 181.

Henry VIII, 29–30, 69, 70, 652.

Herder, 161.

High school, equivalent in Jesuit system, 118, 370;

function of, 303, 306;

modern high school, 332.

Hildebrand, 337, 349.

Hillig, F., Jesuit, 232.

Historians, among Jesuits, 160–161, 233–234, 235.

History in Jesuit colleges, 124–126, 192, 199, 447–448;

ancient, 448–451;

viewpoint of Christian teacher, 448 sqq., 600.

Hohenlohe, Prince, 173.

Holguin, Jesuit scholar, 154.

Holzmüller, Director, 333.

Home tasks, 475 sqq.

Homer, 354, 399–401, 480 sqq.

Horace, 391.

Howorth, Sir Henry, on the Jesuits, 175, 256 note 481, 532 note 918.

Huber, Professor, 77–78, 103, 104, 148, 252, 258.

Hughes, T., Jesuit writer, 200 and passim.

Humanism, rise and character, 26–30, 33–37, 47–49 sqq.;

attitude of Church, 28, 30, 50, 60;

radical humanists, 54–57;

Luther’s alliance with, 58–60;

relation of the Jesuits to, 88, 138–140.

Humanities, class in Jesuit system, 119, 370.

Humphrey, W., Jesuit writer, 81 note 163.

Hutten, humanist, 55, 59, 60.

Ignatius of Loyola, 15;

character, 73–75;

studies, 32, 43, 78 sqq., 137;

and Luther, 59–60, 77–78, 140;

and the Constitutions, 75–77, 101;

as educator, 87 sqq., 106;

on Paris and Louvain, 137–138;

on self-activity, 308, 499;

on self-conquest, 420;

on individuality, 426;

on dangers of reading, 51, 140, 563, 569;

adaptation of his system, 15, 280, 281;

prayer for persecution, 278;

summary of Christian philosophy, 527–528;

on good example, 532, 569;

summary of religion, 574;

obedience, 610;

modesty, 627;

prayer, 633 sqq.;

see “Spiritual Exercises.”

Imitation exercises, 500 sqq.

Impartiality of teacher, 612, 619–622.

India (East), Jesuit writers, 151–152;

colleges, 206, 216.

Individuality, 317 sqq.;

and Jesuit training, 367 note 633, 425–429.

Intellectual scope of education, 297 sqq., 316, 322 sqq.;

liberty, 136 note 262, 251–253, 270–271, 489.

Interpretation, see “Prelection.”

Ireland, monastic schools, 26;

modern Jesuit colleges, 213–216.

Italy, education, see “Humanism.”

Jäger, Dr., 351, 371.

Jansenists, 164, 174.

Janssen, 23 sqq., and passim.

Jesuits, see Society of Jesus, Constitutions, Ratio Studiorum, Colleges, Teachers, Writers, Pupils, Opposition.

Jogues, Jesuit in New York, 201–202.

Jones, President of Hobart College, 307, 321, 339, 541 note 930.

Jourdain, 182–184, 270–271.

Jouvancy, (Juvencius), Jesuit educator, 162, 164, 248, 331, 353, 362, 377, 382, 383–385, 387, 400, 434–435, 447, 453, 454, 461, 467 sqq., 484–485, 502, 548, 565, 600, 610, 622, 624–625, 634, 637;

his educational treatise: Ratio Discendi et Docendi, 162, 163 note 331, 434–435.

Jullien, Jesuit scientist, 232.

Juniorate, 422, 431 sqq.

Kant, 324, 513, 643.

Kemp, E. L., 10 note 15, 513, 652–653.

Kempis, Thomas a, 31, 32, 322, 527, 610.

Kepler, astronomer, on Jesuit writers, 657.

Kern, Professor, 531.

Ketteler, Bishop, 241, 534.

Kino (Kühn), Jesuit missionary and geographer, 129.

Kircher, Jesuit scholar, 157–158;

Museo Kircheriano, 158, 226.

Knecht, Bishop, 592–593.

Kohlmann, Jesuit in New York, 202.

König, Jesuit writer, 127.

Körner, 535–536.

Kreiten, Jesuit writer, 236.

Kropf, Jesuit educator, 121 sqq., 126, 163, 448, 548, 610, and passim.

Kübler, Dr., 290, 510.

Kugler, Jesuit scholar, 236.

Labbe, Jesuit historian, 128, 160, 448 note 785.

La Cerda, Jesuit philologist, 162, 163.

Ladevèze, M. de, on Jesuits, 267, 609.

La Flèche, Jesuit College, 168, 484.

Lainez, General of the Society, 79, 101.

Lalande, 179, 180, 186.

Lang, Andrew, 265.

Lang, Jesuit writer, 165.

La Rue (Ruaeus), Jesuit philologist, 163–164.

Latimer, 70.

Latin, during Middle Ages, 29, 44 sqq.;

in Protestant and Jesuit schools, 6–9, 129, 345–346;

in modern German schools, 290 sqq., 333 sqq., 476 sqq., 509 sqq.;

in American schools, 2, 345;

as means of logical training, 346–351, 357–358;

speaking and writing, 6–9, 129, 422, 429–430, 498–511;

“Monkish” Latin, 430 note 746.

Leach, A. F., 30, 430, 652–653.

Ledesma, Jesuit educator, 108, 138, 403–404, 445.

Lehmkuhl, Jesuit writer, 237.

Leibnitz, 52, 156, 161.

Lemaître, J., 368 sqq.

Leo XIII, Jesuit pupil, 278;

on religious orders, 277;

on Sodalities, 560;

Bellarmine’s catechism, 593;

religious instruction, 601, 605.

Leon, Jesuit, founder of Sodalities, 560.

Leopold I., King of Belgium, on Jesuit schools, 259.

Liberal education, 301, 305, 307, 341.

Liège, school, 33, 107, 139, 140–141, 240.

Limerick, P., 276.

Lines, as punishment, 497, 619.

Literature, Jesuit writers on, 130–131, 161–163, 181, 233–234, 235.

Littledale, Canon, 73, 103, 264.

Livy, 382.

Longhaye, Jesuit writer, 234.

Louis-le-Grand, Jesuit College, 144.

Louvain, school, 33, 138.

Lowell, 323, 357.

Loyola, see “Ignatius.”

Lucas, Herbert, Jesuit writer, 532.

Lugo, Jesuit theologian, 109, 427.

Luther, in Protestant tradition, 57–58;

alliance with radical humanists, 58–60;

and Loyola, 59–60, 77, 140;

violent language against universities and Aristotle, 63–65;

appalled at decline of schools, 65–66;

Hallam’s estimate of, 67–69;

on vows and monasticism, 81;

his catechism, 593–594.

Mabillon, Benedictine historian, 87.

Macaulay, 73.

Madagascar, Jesuits in, 231.

Maher, M., Jesuit writer, 235.

Mallinckrodt, von, 534.

Manare, Oliver, Jesuit, 444.

Manila, Jesuit College and Observatory, 229 sqq.

Manning, Professor, 157 note 314.

Marquette, Jesuit, 128–129.

Martin, Luiz, General of the Society, 286–287, 297, 509.

Martineau, 320 sqq.

Martini, Jesuit geographer, 129, 159.

Maryland, Jesuits in, 202–204.

Masen, Jesuit writer, 164.

Matches, class matches, 515 sqq.

Mathematicians, Jesuits, 155–158, 182, 227–228, 232.

Mathematics, in Jesuit colleges, 132–134, 182, 192, 194, 284;

educational value compared with linguistic training, 333, 336, 355;

training of Jesuit teachers of mathematics, 438–439.

Matthias, Dr., of Berlin, 4 note 5, 290, 510.

Maynard, Abbé, on educational labors of the Jesuits before the suppression, 178 sqq.

McCosh, President of Princeton, on liberal education, 302;

on elective system at Harvard, 315–316;

on American scholarship, 413;

on moral training, 522, 537–538;

on athletics, 570;

on religious instruction, 582.

McCloskey, Cardinal, Archbishop of New York, 557–558.

Melanchthon, on decline of education, 61;

attitude towards higher studies, 64, 67;

drew inspirations from medieval schools, 72, 530 note 912;

on Canisius, 595.

Memory lessons, 493–499.

Messina, Jesuit College, 108, 137.

Messmer, Bishop of Green Bay, 592, 593 note 999.

Meteorology, cultivated by Jesuits, 227, 229–232.

Method of teaching in practice, 456 sqq.

Meyer, Theodore, Jesuit writer on ethics, 237.

Middle Ages, educational conditions, 21–44;

character of education, 44 sqq., see “Scholasticism.”

Modern languages, 332;

modern high school, Ib.

Modesty, to be inculcated in pupils, 626 sqq.

Mommsen, Theodore, 378, 380, 381.

Monasticism, 80–84.

Monita Secreta, 102–103.

Monks, Protestant view of, 80 note 162;

as educators, 84–87.

Monroe, Jesuit educator, 645 note 1083.

Morality in Jesuit schools, 251 sqq., 531–536.

Moral training, 317 sqq., 522–573.

More, Thomas, 53.

Mother-tongue, studied in Jesuit colleges, 129–131, 191–192, 284, 448 note 785, 491 sqq.;

and study of classics, 356 sqq.

Müller, Max, Professor at Oxford, on Jesuit writers, 149–151, 233.

Munich, splendor of Jesuit drama, 168–170.

Münsterberg, Professor at Harvard, on modern school reforms, 5;

American teachers, 92–94;

premature specialization, 303;

elective system, 319–320, 325–327;

preparation of teachers, 402, 403;

American scholarship, 413.

Nadal, Jerome, Jesuit educator, on elementary education, 106;

plan of studies, 108 note 204, 116, 117 note 222;

geographical reading, 128 note 241;

study of German, 130;

relation to the Ratio Studiorum, 138;

instruction gratuitous, 249;

training of teachers, 404, 441–442;

religious toleration, 596.

Nägelsbach, Professor, 385, 387, 389–390, 398, 473.

Natalis, see “Nadal.”

Nation, New York, on electivism, 326;

on decline of teaching, 404–406.

National questions, attitude of the Jesuits, 262–263.

Natural sciences, see “Sciences.”

Neander, on monks as educators, 85–86.

Nepos, 384.

Netherlands, humanist schools, 31–32, 43;

influence on formation of Ratio Studiorum, 138 sqq.

Newcomb, Simon, on Father Hell, 179;

on American scholarship, 413.

Newman, Cardinal, on medieval education, 23 note 32;

on monks, 81 note 162;

religious as educators, 86–87;

on classics, 355, 359–360, 378;

on individuality among Jesuits, 367 note 633, 425–427;

on moral training, 555 sqq.;

Jesuit obedience, 609 note 1021.

New York, Jesuit College, 201–202.

Nightingale, Professor, 307 note 554, 357.

Nobili, Robert, Jesuit, first European Sanskrit scholar, 151.

Notes, taken in class, 463–465.

Non-sectarian school, 580 sqq.

Noviciate, in the Society, 418–422.

Number of Jesuit colleges, 78, 107, 144 sqq., 200–206;

of Jesuit pupils, 13, 144–146, 206.

Obedience, of teacher, 609–610, 650;

of pupil, 650.

Oberammergau, Passion play, and Jesuit drama, 169.

Observatories, of Jesuits, 180, 227, 229–232.

Odenbach, F. L., Jesuit meteorologist, 227.

Officials, in Jesuit colleges, 115–118.

Oliphant, L., 208.

Opposition, to Jesuit education, 5 sqq., 146–148, 239–279;

causes of, 6–13, 264 sqq.

Oratorians, 127, 448 note 785.

Ovid, 44, 385, 386, 565.

Oxford, 69–71, 212, 411.

Pachtler, Jesuit historian, 112, 283, 410, 494, and passim.

Painter, F. V. N., 10 note 14, 37, 131, 245, 252–254, 361, 511, 596.

Pantel, Jesuit scientist, 233.

Papenbroeck, Jesuit historian, 161.

Paris, University of, 32, 39, 43, 79, 99, 137;

influence on Jesuit system, 137 sqq.;

opposition to Jesuits, 182 sqq., 269–271.

Patience, of teacher, 420, 630, 631–632, 646.

Patriotism, and Jesuit schools, 255–263.

Paulsen, Professor, 7, 22, 52, 59–60, 81–82, 90–91, 100, 136, 195–197, 324, 407–409, 425;

on Jesuit schools, 17–18, 79–80, 193–194, 254–255, 271–272, 512, 532–533.

Peck, Professor in Columbia University, 223 note 434, 224, 327.

Pedagogy, meaning of, 524 sqq.;

relation to philosophy, 524–525;

pagan and Christian, 526;

Jesuit writers on, 162–163, 434–435.

Permanent teachers, 435 sqq.

Perpinian, Jesuit writer, 162.

Perry, Jesuit astronomer, 228.

Pesch, Henry, Jesuit writer, 237.

Petavius, Jesuit scholar, 160, 427, 448 note 785.

Petrarch, 49–50.

Phaedrus, 385, 472–473.

Philology, in the Society of Jesus, 149–155, 199, 446–447, 453–454;

Jesuit contributions to comparative philology, 149–150.

Philosophy, Aristotelian, see “Aristotle”;

in Jesuit system, 131, 193–197;

philosophy neglected in modern systems, 195–197;

philosophical training of Jesuits, 422 sqq.;

philosophy in relation to pedagogy, 524–525.

Physics, in Jesuit curriculum, 131, 134, 194.

Pitt, on classics, 358.

Plans of studies, previous to the Ratio Studiorum, 108–109.

Plato, 396–398, 451.

Plautus, 165–166, 391, 565.

Polanco, Jesuit, 137.

Poland, W., Jesuit writer, 11 note 16, 577 note 976.

Politeness, of pupils, 626 sqq.

Politics, attitude of Jesuits, 262–263.

Pombal, 174.

Pompadour, 174.

Pontanus, Jesuit philologian, 110, 121 note 226, 162.

Poor pupils, care of, in Jesuit schools, 247–250.

Porée, Jesuit educator, 181.

Porter, Noah, of Yale, on Jesuit schools, 245, 246, 269.

Port Royal, 127, 164.

Portugal, suppression of Society, 174.

Postgate, Professor, 498 note 849.

Poulton, Jesuit, founder of school in Maryland, 203.

Prayer, educational help, 632 sqq.

Prefect of Discipline, 117.

Prefect of Studies, 117, 609.

Prelection, i. e. interpretation of authors, etc., 457–493;

preparation of, 464–466.

Prémare, Jesuit sinologist, 153.

Prescribed courses, 310–329.

Primary education, see “Elementary.”

Prince Henry, and the Jesuits in China, 207–208.

Private talks with pupils, 548 sqq.

Prizes, 514;

see “Emulation.”

Pronunciation, correct, 459–461;

Roman, of Latin, 460 note 804.

Protestant, Reformation and education, 57–72;

schools in 16. and 17. centuries, 89–91;

view of Jesuits, 264–267;

moral training in Protestant and Catholic schools, 538 sqq., 541 note 930, 551–557;

reading of Bible, 583 sqq.

Provincial, 101.

Prussia, Jesuit colleges after suppression, 176.

Prussian School Order, 9, 289, 291, 392, 394 note 690;

on class teachers, 443;

on translations, 478;

on written exercises, 500;

religious instruction, 581, 601–602.

Psychology, in Jesuit course, 131, 194.

Punishments, 614–619; corporal, 616.

Pupils, of Jesuit schools, number, 13, 144–146, 206;

distinguished, 172, 204–205, 258.

Quick, on Jesuit system, 10, 13, 98, 135–136, 241, 243, 246–249, 265, 431, 437, 466, 489, 516–517, 518, 530, 565, 624.

Quigley, Archbishop of Chicago, 302.

Quintilian, 419, 564, 614.

Ranke, 18, 89, 145, 246, 322, 595, 628.

Rashdall, H., 21 sqq., 29–30, 39–40, 41, 430.

Ratio Discendi et Docendi, of Jouvancy, 162, 163 note 331, 434–435.

Ratio Studiorum, 107–143, 189–199;

modern criticism on, 5–16;

drawn up, 109–111;

name, 111;

seized by Spanish Inquisition, 112 sqq.;

character, 114 sqq.;

classes, 118, 121 sqq.;

school hours, 124;

branches: languages, 118, 331 sqq., 345–360;

mother-tongue, 129, 284, 491 sqq.;

history, 125 sqq., 447 note 785;

geography, 127 sqq.;

archaeology, see “Antiquities”;

philosophy, 131 sqq., 193–197;

mathematics, 132–134;

sciences, 134, 192, 194–195, 197–199;

successive teaching, of branches, 132;

class teachers, 442 sqq.,

sources of Ratio, 19–20, 136–143;

revision, 191 sqq.;

results, see “Efficiency”, adaptability, 280 sqq.;

essentials, 286 sqq.;

defects, 14, 92 note 177, 444–445.

Raumer, 17, 166, 251–252;

character of his history of education, 650 sqq.

Reading, according to sense, 458–461, 498;

amount of, 482 sqq.;

dangers of reading, 51, 166, 367, 562 sqq.

Rector, President in Jesuit colleges, 115–116.

Reformation, and education, 57 sqq.;

decline of schools, 60–66;

in England, 69–71;

elementary school not child of Reformation, 24;

Jesuit system not borrowed from Protestant schools, 19–20, 140 sqq.;

compulsory education and state-monopoly result of, 66.

Reform-Gymnasium, 291–292, 336.

Reforms, modern, 1–5;

in Germany, 289–292;

in America, 292–296;

towards elective system, 310–312.

Relations, of Jesuits, 128.

Religious, name, 80 note 162;

as educators, 84 sqq., 96–98, 209;

opposition to, 89, 98–100;

success of, 92–98, 221 sqq.

Religions instruction, 574–607;

necessity, 574–578;

Catholic position, 578–582;

undenominational religion, 582–583;

reading of Bible, 583 sqq.;

catechism, 590 sqq.;

correlation of all branches with religion, 599–605;

religious instruction in higher schools, 605 sqq.

Renaissance, see “Humanism.”

Repetition, in Jesuit system, 466–467, 474.

Resistance, value of, in education, 319–322.

Rethwisch, C., 7 sqq.

Revival of Learning, see “Humanism.”

Revision of the Ratio Studiorum, 191 sqq.

Rhetoric, class in Jesuit system, 120, 370;

meaning of, 432.

Ribadeneira, Peter, Jesuit writer, 102, 138, 511.

Ribot, M., on secondary schools in France, 218–219.

Ricci, Jesuit scholar, 153, 156.

Richelieu, Cardinal, Jesuit pupil, 172;

on Jesuit colleges, 271.

Richthofen, Baron, on Jesuit scholars, 129, 158–159.

Rickaby, Joseph, Jesuit writer, 235.

Rivals, see “Class matches.”

Rogers, Thorold, 30.

Roman College, 108, 110, 144, 227.

Roman history, 448–451.

Roothaan, General of the Society, 191, 197–198, 296, 329, 360–361.

Roth, Jesuit, author of first European Sanskrit grammar, 151.

Rousseau, 175, 643.

Rowland, Professor in Johns Hopkins University, 413.

Ruaeus (La Rue), Jesuit scholar, 163–164.

Ruhkopf, on morality in Jesuit schools, 537.

Ruiz, Jesuit linguist, 155.

Russell, Dr., Columbia University, 8–9, 19, 20, 141, 244, 313.

Russia, Society preserved in, 177, 189.

Sabatier, P., 209.

Saccheri, Jesuit mathematician, 156–157, 654–655.

Sacchini, Jesuit writer, 162, 249, 436, 438, 497, 530, 548, 592, 600, 624, 634, 637.

Sadler, Mr., 659.

Saintsbury, on Southwell, 162.

Saint-Vincent, Gregory, 156.

Salamanca, University, 41, 43, 79.

Salisbury, Lord, on undenominational religion, 583.

Sallust, 382–383.

Sallwürk, Dr. von, 435, 448 note 785.

Sanskrit, Jesuit scholars, 151–152.

Sanson, geographer, 448 note 785.

Sarbiewski, Jesuit poet, 161.

Savonarola, 51, 60.

Scaliger, 160, 657.

Schall, Jesuit mathematician, 156.

Scheiner, Jesuit scientist, 157.

Schiller, Director, 478, 566 note 960, 588–589, 601–602.

Scholars, Jesuits, see “Writers.”

Scholarship, among Jesuits, 198–199, 226–238, 410–411;

in America, 411 sqq.;

scholarship and teaching ability, 402–414.

Scholasticism, 45–57;

defects of, 46 sqq.;

humanists on, 52;

relation of Jesuit system to, 136.

School drama, 164 sqq.

School management, 608–635.

Schopenhauer, 325.

Sciences, in Jesuit curriculum, 134, 192, 194–195, 197–198, 199, 283;

and classics, 359.

Scientists, among Jesuits, 157, 178–181, 226–233, 654–656.

Scoraille, Jesuit writer, 515–516.

Scotland, education before Reformation, 28–29.

Scope of education, intellectual, 297 sqq.;

injured by electivism, 316 sqq.;

moral, 317 sqq., 522 sqq.

Scotus, 39, 193, 425.

Secchi, Angelo, Jesuit astronomer, 226–227.

Secondary schools before Reformation, 26 sqq., 652–653.

Sectarian schools, 580 sqq.

Seeley, Levi, 10 note 15, 37, 246–247, 511, 649.

Selfishness, alleged of Jesuits, 251, 254–255.

Seminary of teachers in Society, 433–434, 453.

Seneca, 384–385.

Seyffert, M., 309, 379, 507.

Shea, Gilmary, 536–537.

Shoup, W. J., 652.

Sirmond, Jesuit historian, 448 note 785.

Sixtus V., and the Ratio Studiorum, 112–113.

Sloane, Rev. M., on Jesuits, 243.

Smith, Clement L., 304–305.

Smith, Sydney, Jesuit writer, 173 note 354.

Snyder, Carl, 413.

Society of Jesus, name, 75;

foundation and aim, 75–77, 79 sqq.;

and education, 80 sqq.;

constitutions, 101 sqq.;

suppression, 173–175, 189–190.

Socrates, 253, 397.

Sodalities, 560–562.

Sommervogel, Jesuit writer, 148.

Sources, of Ratio Studiorum, 136–143.

Southwell, Robert, Jesuit poet, 162.

Spahn, Deputy, on Jesuit scholars, 235–237.

Spain, schools, 40–44;

suppression of Society, 174.

Spanish Inquisition, seized Ratio Studiorum, 112 sqq.

Spe, Frederick, Jesuit writer, 130 and note 248.

Speaking Latin, 506 sqq.

Specialization, 303, 317, 322–325;

in Society, 198–199, 440.

Spencer, 525, 643.

Spiritual Exercises, of St. Ignatius, 75, 420, 426, 527, 532 note 917, 560, 574.

Sport, see “Athletics.”

St. Boniface, Jesuit College, 216.

Stephens, Jesuit linguist, 152.

Stiglmayr, Jesuit scholar, 237, 397.

Stonyhurst, Jesuit College, 228, 229, 257–258, 564, 617.

Strassmaier, Jesuit assyriologist, 233, 236.

Stryker, President of Hamilton College, on liberal education, 341.

Studia inferiora, 118 sqq.

Sturm, Reformer and schoolman at Strasburg, 19–20, 72;

his system not model of Ratio Studiorum, 140 sqq.

Suarez, Jesuit theologian, 81 note 162, 88, 109, 426, 427.

Success, of Jesuit colleges, see “Efficiency.”

Successive teaching, preferred to simultaneous, 118, 132.

Sunday schools, and religious training, 578.

Supervision in college, 537 sqq., 541 sqq., 546–547.

Suppression of the Society, 173–175;

effects on education, 184–186.

Sydney Smith, discipline in English public schools, 539 note 929.

Syria, Jesuit schools, 106, 206–207, 209.

Tacitus, 383–384.

Taunton, E., 427–428.

Taylor, H. O., 45, 49, 82–83.

Teaching, in relation to scholarship, see “Scholarship.”

Teachers of the Society, 91–98, 415 sqq.;

permanent teachers, 435, 437 sqq.;

changes of teachers, 92 note 177, 444–445;

training of, 415–455;

direct training for teaching, 431–434, cf. 410;

continued self-training, 446 sqq.;

training of teachers of mathematics in the Old Society, 133, 438–439;

appointment according to ability, 439–442;

qualities requisite: in general, 415–416;

in particular: mastery of the subject, 403–404, 410, 446 sqq., 453 sq., 611;

see also “Scholarship”;

qualities of character: authority, 610–614;

submission, 608–610;

self-control, 419–420, 531–533, 611–612, 615;

impartiality, 420, 612, 619 sqq.;

politeness, 627–628;

truthfulness, 630;

patience, 420, 630, 631–632, 646;

kindness, 420, 612–613, 622;

firmness, 612, 614, 619, 623 sqq.;

prudence, 418–419, 615, 624–625, 628–629;

zeal and devotion to work, 94, 98, 420, 436–438, 528–531, 535–537, 540–543, 545–547, 548–550, 562 sqq., 637–644;

piety, 419–421, 643 sqq.;

perseverance, 95 sqq., 435–438, 642;

motives and ideals, 636–648.

Terence, 165–166, 391, 565.

Tetlow, Principal, 327–328.

Text-books, of Jesuits, 163–164, 393.

Theiner, 173, 178, 185.

Thomas, see “Aquinas” and “Kempis.”

Thornton, A., 578–579.

Thring, E., 337, 616.

Thucydides, 395.

Tiraboschi, Jesuit writer, 181.

Times, London, 222, 256–257.

Tolerance, religious and the Jesuits, 252–254, 595–596.

Tom Brown’s School Days, 537, 572.

Tragedies, 401.

Training of teachers, see “Teachers.”

Translation, of classical authors, 353 sqq.;

by the teacher, 462–463;

in class, 474–478.

Trendelenburg, Professor, 193.

Trent, Council of, and reform of education, 71.

Trichinopoli, Jesuit College, 206.

Trivium and Quadrivium, 27, 44.

Trotzendorf, 530.

Truth, on “Jesuit and Gaol-Bird System,” 546–547.

Truthfulness, 628 sqq.

Tursellini, Jesuit writer, 126 note 234, 164.

Undenominational school, 579 sqq.

Universities, before Reformation, 38–44;

denounced by Luther, 63–64;

opposition of, to Jesuits, 182 sqq., 269 sqq.

Valla, humanist, 51.

Vasquez, Jesuit theologian, 109, 426, 427.

Vatican library, 28.

Vest, Senator, on Jesuit schools among the Indians, 209–211.

Viger, Jesuit philologist, 164.

Virchow, Professor, 290, 334.

Virgil, 44, 49, 387–391, 471.

Visconti, General of the Society 431–432, 434, 442.

Vitelleschi, General of the Society, 549.

Vittorino da Feltre, 26–28, 60, 563 note 953.

Vives, Luiz, humanist, 141–142.

Vogt, Professor, 336.

Voltaire, 152, 174, 435;

on Jesuit colleges, 174–175, 181;

on morality in Jesuit colleges, 533–534.

Wagner, Jesuit writer, 126.

Waldeck-Rousseau, and Jesuit schools, 186, 219.

Washington, George, at Georgetown College, 205;

on religion, 576.

Wasmann, Jesuit entomologist, 232–233, 236, 238.

Weissenfels, Professor, 306 note 553, 317.

Wellington, Duke of, on effects of suppression of Society, 185;

on schools without religion, 576.

Werenfels, Reformed theologian, 587.

West, Professor in Princeton, 344.

Whitton, Professor, 251, 406.

Wiese, Dr., 309, 356.

Wilamowitz, von, (University of Berlin), 369, 378, 505.

William of St. Amour, 99.

Williams, Professor in Cornell University, 651.

Willmann, Professor, 4 note 5, 468 sqq., 473, 485.

Wimpheling, humanist, 35–36, 54, 60.

Windle, Dr., 581.

Winsor, Justin, on Jesuit writers, 154–155, 159.

Witchcraft, charges against Jesuit teachers, 148.

Women, education of in Middle Ages, 41, and note 81.

Writers of the Society, 148–164, 179–182, 225–238;

why often ignored, 154, 657.

Written exercises, see “Exercises.”

Xavier, see “Francis.”

Xenophon, 394–395.

Ximenez, Cardinal, 42.

Yenni, Jesuit educator, 438.

Zahorowski, 103.

Zallinger, three Jesuit scientists, 180–181.

Ziegler, Professor, 82 note 163, 140, 255, 270, 433, 582.

Zi-ka-wei, Jesuit College and observatory, 207–208, 232.

Zottoli, Jesuit sinologist, 656.