THE ASSINIBOIN2 (continued 8)

Long, John. Voyages and travels of an Indian interpreter and trader, describing the manners and customs of the North American Indians. London, 1791.

Lowie, Robert H. The Assiniboine. (Anthrop. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. IV, pt. 1, New York, 1909.)

Margry, Pierre. Decouvertes et etablissements des Francais dans l’ouest et dans le sud de l’Amerique Septentrionale (1614-1754). Memoires et documents originaux. Pts. I-VI. Paris, 1875-1886.

Maximilian, Alex. P., Prinz zu Wied. Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834. B. I-II. Coblenz, 1839-1841.

Mooney, James. Mescal plant and ceremony. (Therapeutic Gazette, 3d ser., vol. XII, Detroit, 1896.)

—— Calendar history of the Kiowa Indians. (Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pt. 1, Washington, 1898.)

—— The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890. (Fourteenth Ann. Rept. Bur. Ethn., pt. 2, Washington, 1896.)

Perrot, Nicolas. Memoire sur les Moeurs, Coustumes et Relligion des Sauvages de l’Amerique Septentrionale, publie pour la premiere fois par le R. P. J. Tailhan. Leipzig et Paris, 1864.

Radisson, Peter Esprit. Voyages of Peter Esprit Radisson ... with historical illustrations and an introduction by Gideon D. Scull. Publ. Prince Society. Boston, 1885.

Schoolcraft, Henry R. Historical and statistical information, respecting the history, condition, and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States. Pts. I-VI. Philadelphia, 1851-1857.

[In his fourth volume he publishes Denig’s Assiniboin vocabulary.]

Scull, Gideon D. See Radisson, Peter Esprit.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold, ed. Early western travels 1748-1846. Vols. I-XXXII. Cleveland, 1904-1907.

Wissler, Clark. The Blackfoot Indians. (Annual Archaeol. Rept. for 1905. App. Rept. Min. Ed. Ont., pp. 162-178, Toronto, 1906.)

MANUSCRIPT

Kurz, Frederick. Journal. Copy of translation in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution. 1,076 typewritten pages with 125 drawings.

INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T V W

A

Page

ABORTION, means used to produce 521

ACCOUNTS, method of keeping 420-421

ADOPTION OF CAPTIVES 552

ADULTERY, punishment of 482

See also INFIDELITY

ADVANCEMENT OF TRIBES 579-580

AGED PEOPLE, treatment of 422, 443-444, 576-577

AGRICULTURE—

among the Missouri Indians 463-464

claim to land based on 477

need of 543

of the Plains tribes 407

AMERICAN FUR COMPANY, traders of 621

AMPUTATION, practice of 427-428

ANIMAL LIFE, of the upper Missouri 410-412

ANIMAL SYMBOLS, use of 412

ANIMALS—

belief concerning 487

custom regarding killing of 412

list of, used for food 583

ANNUITIES, distribution of 473

ANTELOPE, hunting of 535

ANTIQUITIES, absence of 413, 414

ARIKARA—

migration of 405

pottery of 413

ARROW AND BOW, used in buffalo hunting 542

ARROWS, game played with 570

ASSINBOIN INDIANS—

advancement of 579-580

attitude of, toward debts 476

character of 459

characteristics of 397, 468

discussion of method of dealing with 470-474

etymologic interpretations of the name 381

intellectual capacity of 593-602

intertribal relations of 403-404

names of 396

origin of 395

progress of 620-623

strength of, compared with white man's 529

territory occupied by 396-397

traditional origin of 382

ATONEMENT, no conception of 490

AUDUBON, assisted by Denig 381

B

BAD ANIMAL, Assiniboin war leader, 402

BALL GAME, described 565-566

BAND, composition of 431

BEADS—

use of 590

BEAR—

claws of, worn as necklace 553

dead, invocations to 499-500

killing of 537-538

BEARD—

extraction of 593

BEAVER, trapping of 411, 538

BELIEFS—

concerning animals 487

concerning astronomy 414-418

concerning crime 479-483

concerning future life 418

concerning Great Spirit 397

concerning prehistoric annuals 412

concerning territorial rights 476-478

concerning the earth 406

BETTING, on races 566

BIRDS—

list of, eaten by Indians 583

BLACK ROOT, medicinal use of 425-426

BLACKFEET, migration of 405-406

BLEEDING, practice of 426

BLUE THUNDER, Assiniboin warrior 402

BODY PAINTING, for the dance 559, 562

BONES—

of prehistoric animals 411-412

of the dead, reinterred 574-575

BOW AND ABROW, use of 542, 555

BOWL GAME, description of 567-569

BOYS, ASSINOBOIN, characteristics of 444

BRAVERY, exhibition of 550

BRAVES' DANCE, described 558-560

BUFFALO—

as food 581-582

discussion of destruction of 460-462

hunting of 530-536

importance of 410-411

parts of, eaten raw 581

See also GAME; HUNTING

BULLS' DANCE, described 532

BULL'S DRY BONES, doctor and soothsayer 422

BURIAL CUSTOMS 570-576

BURIAL MOUNDS, absence of 573

BURIALS—

in lodge 573

in sitting position 573, 574

on hilltop 572

orientation in 572, 573

scaffold or tree 493, 571, 572, 574

See also GRAVES

C

CALUMET, ceremonial use of 446-447

CAMP—

Indian life in 508-510

organization of 440-446

CANNIBALISM, in time of famine 523, 534

CANOE INDIANS, an Assiniboin band 430

CANOES—

use of 579

CAPACITY, INTELLECTUAL, of the Indian 593-602

CAPTIVES, treatment of 551, 552, 553

CATAMENIAL CUSTOMS 524

CHARMS—

animal symbols used as 412

belief in 495

CHASTITY—

attitude toward violation of 482

of captives, violation of 553

See also ADULTERY; VIRGINITY

CHIEFS—

authority of 622

duties of 431-432, 441

See also HEAD CHIEF; WAR CHIEF

CHIEFTAINSHIP—

settlement of 432-433, 435

succession in 449

CHILD BEARING, age of 513

CHILDBIRTH, customs connected with 429, 516-517

CHILDREN—

behavior of 520

care of 444

correction of 620

customs concerning 519

grief over loss of 573

male, most desirable 521

mortality among 513

orphan, care of 576

torture of, as captives 551, 552

CLAN TOTEMS, absence of 435

CLANS, of the Upper Missouri Indians 434-435

CLIMATE

of the Upper Missouri 410

CLOTHING

cost of 585-588

decorated with hair 560

made of skins 504, 506

of men 585-586

of the Assiniboin 464-465, 584-590

of women 587-588

renewal of 588

worn while sleeping 590

See also COSTUMES

COLUMBIA FUR COMPANY, traders of 621

COMMERCE, effect of, on Indian 464, 485, 621-623

See also TRADE; TRADERS

CONJURORS. See DOCTORS

COOKING, methods of, 582

COSTUME

of warriors 548, 552-554

worn at Bulls' dance 562

worn at Fox dance 561

worn at Soldiers' dance 563

COUNCIL, description of 436-440, 446-448

COUNCIL LODGE, diagram of 437

COUNCILS, discussion of 451

COUNTING, system of 418-420

COUP, counting of 560

COURTSHIP, customs of 510-511

CRADLE BOARDS, use of 519-520

CRAZY BEAR, Chief

account of 401

made head chief 431

speech of 597-599

CREATOR, conception of 486

CREDIT, among the Indians 459

CRIME

beliefs concerning 479-483

Indian conception of 483

punishment of 448, 452, 455

See also RETALIATION

CROW DANCE, described 584

CROW INDIANS

amputation practiced by 427

crime among 454

dress of 587, 588

treatment by, of captives 551, 552

D

DANCES

description of 556-565

love making at 558

purpose served by 556, 557, 563, 564-565

DEATHS, causes of 478

See also BURIAL CUSTOMS; MOURNING CUSTOMS

DEBTS, payment of 459

DECORATION—

See also ORNAMENTS

DEER hunting of 536

DENIG, E.T.—

ancestry of 383-384

brief account of life of 380-381

character of 382

Indian name of 386

tribes described by 379

DE SMET, REV. G.I.—

acknowledgment by, to Denig 386

object of correspondence with 467

DESTRUCTION—

rarity of 425

DIVINING DANCE, briefly described 564

DIVINING MAN

application of the term 494

dress of 586

See also DOCTORS; PRIESTS

DIVORCE, right of 512

DOCTORING, See MEDICINE

DOCTORS—

activities of 443

character of 492

fear of 485

office of 492-493

payment to 423, 424

See also DIVINING MAN; PRIESTS

DOGS

ceremonial eating of 489, 491

feast on, at soldiers' dance 563

DREAMS—

beliefs concerning 494-495

symbols adopted after 412

DRESS, See CLOTHING, COSTUMES

DRUMS, described 619

DUCK DANCE, described 562

DYESTUFFS, native 591

E

EAGLE FEATHERS—

badge of distinction 449

value of 589

EARTH, beliefs concerning the 414

EARTH LODGES, construction of 579

ECLIPSE, beliefs concerning 415

EDUCATION, discussion of need of 466-470

ELK, hunting of 537

ELK HORNS, mound of 398

ELK TEETH, value of 589

ERMINE SKINS, value of 589

EXCHANGE, no medium of 420

EYESIGHT, acuteness of 527-528

F

FABLES, of the Assiniboin 609-617

FACIAL PAINTING

for burial 570

for the dance 557, 563

for war 554

FAMILY LIFE, of the Assiniboin 503-508

FASTING

in time of scarcity 509

object of 489-490

FATHER-IN-LAW TABOO 503-504

FEASTING, IN TIME OF PLENTY 509

FEATHERS, eagle

a mark of rank 553

value of 589

FETISHES—

belief in 495

See also CHARMS

FEUDS, the result of murder 453

See also RETALIATION; REVENGE

FIREARMS—

importance of 466

valued highly 555

See also GUNS

FIRST-WHO-FLIES, account of 401-402

FISHING, among Upper Missouri Indians 544, 582

FLUTE, use of 512

FOOD—

animal, of the Upper Missouri Indian 581-582

of the Plains tribes 407-408

quantities of, consumed 509

FOOT RACES, popularity of 566

FORT BENTON, a trading point 407

FORT BERTHOLD, a trading point 407

FORT CLARKE, a trading point 407

FORT PIERRE, a trading point 407

FORT UNION—

a trading point 407

described by Denig 381

FOX DANCE, described 561

trapping of 538-539

FUR TRADE, See TRADE; COMMERCE

FUTURE LIFE, belief in 418

G

GAMBLING—

among women 569-570

games used for 567-570

infatuation for 567

losses in 569

See also BETTING

GAME—

abundance of 460

discussion of diminution of 460-630

division of, after hunt 456, 531, 533-534, 539

laws regarding 455-456

of the upper Missouri 410-411

GAMES, of the Indians 565-566

GENS DES CANOTS, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DES FILLES, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DES ROCHES, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DU GAUCHE, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DU LAC, an Assiniboin band 430

GENS DU NORD, an Assiniboin band 430

GHOSTS, beliefs concerning 493, 494

GIFTS—

compensation expected for 600

for treatment of the sick 424

return of 475

GIRLS, ASSINIBOIN, characteristics of 444

GOVERNMENT, Assiniboin 435, 445-446

See also CHIEFS, CHIEFTAINSHIP, TRIBAL ORGANIZATION

GRAVES—

not marked 572, 576

GRAZING, on the plains 408

GREETINGS, of the Indians 524

GROS VENTRES—

ceremonial scarification of 490

self-torture of 522

women and children spared by 551

GROS VENTRES OF THE PRAIRIE—

migration of 405

once Arapaho 405

GUNS, manner of using 555

H

HABITAT, of the Assiniboin 406-410

HAIR—

symbolism of, when decorating clothing 560

HAIRDRESSING 554

HANDGAME, description of 569

HAYDEN, F.V.—

Denig manuscript used by 380

Denig's vocabulary mentioned by 382

HEAD CHIEF, duties of 441

HORSE RACES, trickery in 566

HORSES—

a cause of warfare 470

disposal of, at owner's death 479

introduction of 412

sacrifice of 491

stolen by war party 547

value of 471

wealth estimated by 474

HOSPITALITY, INDIAN—

affairs settled through 514

discussion of 513-515

self-interest in 515

HUDSON BAY COMPANY

custom of 594

ruse practiced 595

HUNTER—

dress of 586

precarious life of 504

HUNTING—

instruction in 542

laws connected with 455

season for 539

HUNTING CUSTOMS 444-445, 504, 530-543

HYDROPHOBIA, remedy for 426

I

IDOLS, use of 497

IMMORTALITY, belief In 418, 498-499

IMPLEMENTS, of the upper Missouri tribes 398, 414

INDIAN AGENTS, discussion of office of 473-474

INDIAN DANCES, See DANCES

INDIAN SCHOOLS, urgent need of 466-470

INDIAN SONGS, See SONGS

INFANTICIDE, a common custom 521

INFIDELITY, punishment for 504-505

INHERITANCE, among the Assiniboin 478-479

INTERMARRIAGE, with whites 625

IRON ARROW POINT, CHIEF, mention of 573

J

JUGGLERY, fear inspired by 528

K

KINSHIP, terms of 503

KURZ, FREDERICK, Denig discussed by 384-386

L

LABOR

attitude toward 553

division of 463, 505

LAND, rights to 476-478

LANGUAGE, of the Assiniboin 402, 625

LANGUAGES

preservation of 405

LARAMIE TREATY

effect of 467

reference to 431

LE BAS ROUGE, a branch of

the Canoe Indians 431

Le Chef du Tonnebbe, speech of 600-602

LE GROS FRANÇOIS, Assiniboin chief 395

LEGEND, Assiniboin 500-503

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION,

mention of 395

LIQUOR, bad effects of 530

LODGES

burial in 573

construction of 577-578

manner of using 578

orderly life in 507-508

soldiers' 436

See also EARTH LODGES; COUNCIL LODGE; SACRED LODGE

LONG HAIR, Crow chief, mention of 479

LONGEVITY, of the Indians 513

LYING, a common custom 482

M

MANDAN

ceremonial scarification of 490

epidemic among 400

self-torture of 522

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS 504, 506, 507, 510-512, 522

See also INTERMARRIAGE

MASTER OF THE PARK, duties of 443

MEAT—

curing of 581

division of, after hunt 531

MEDICINE—

practice of 422-426

use of the word 486

MEDICINE MEN, See DOCTORS; PRIESTS

MEDICINE SACK, described 498

MEDICINES, of the whites, Indian use of 581

MICE COMRADES' DANCE, described 564

MIDWIFE, office of 516

MIGRATION—

of the Assiniboin 395-396

of tribes 405-406

MINERAL SPRINGS, occurrence of 409

MISSIONARIES, discussion of teachings of 468

MONGOLOID—

beliefs concerning 417, 484-485

time reckoned by 416

MORTALITY, among children 513

MORTUARY CUSTOMS, See BURIALS; GRAVES; MOURNING CUSTOMS; WIDOWERS; WIDOWS

MOTHER-IN-LAW TABOO 503-504

MOUND, of elk horns 398

MOUNDS—

absence of 576

MOURNING CUSTOMS 556, 571, 572, 575

MURDER—

Indian beliefs concerning 480

punishment for 452-454

MUSIC—

described 617-618

on the flute 512

MUTILATION, as a sign of mourning 572

MYTHOLOGY, of the Upper Missouri Indians 500-503

MYTHS, relating of 607-608

N

NAMES—

change of 516-517

of camp soldiers, list of 518

of chiefs, list of 518-519

of warriors, list of 518

of women, list of 619

NAMING OF CHILDREN 516-517

NUDITY, attitude toward 560

O

OATHS, use of 524

OLD PEOPLE, treatment of 422, 443-444, 576-577

OMENS, belief in 497

ORATORY, of the Indians 526, 596-602

See alwso SPEECHES

ORIENTATION, in burial 572, 573

ORNAMENTS, use of 590-591

P

PAINTING, on clothing 421, 586

See also BODY PAINTING; FACIAL PAINTING

PAINTS AND DYES, use of 591

PARENTS, attitude toward 485

PARK, buffalo caught in 532-533

PEACE TREATIES, between tribes 404

PICTOGRAPHS, reading of 412-413

See also PICTURE WRITING

PICTURE WRITING—

explanation of 603, 606-607

use of 421, 603-605

PIPES, use of 413

POPULATION—

affected by smallpox 465

causes of reduction in 625

effect on, of intoxicating drinks 465

increase of 405

of the Assiniboin 396-397

PORCUPINE QUILLS, use of 590, 591

POTTERY—

of the Arikara 413

PRAIRIE FIRES, effect of 408-409

PRAYERS—

object of 412

of a warrior 483-484

to ghosts 484

PRESENTS, See GIFTS

PRIESTS—

character of 492

name for 486

office of 492-493

power of, in council 450-451

See also DOCTORS; DIVINING MAN

PRIMOGENITURE, among Assiniboin 478-479

PRISONERS, See CAPTIVES

PROFANITY, lack of, among Indians 482

PROPERTY—

loss of, as result of crime 480

of the deceased, disposal of 571

placed with the dead 571

PROPERTY RIGHTS, discussion of 474-476

PROVISION STEALERS' DANCE, described 564

PUBLIC CRIER, duties of 442

PUNISHMENT—

for violations of law 445

of crime 479-483

See also RETALIATION

Q

QUILLS, PORCUPINE, use of 590, 591

R

RACES, betting on 566

RANK, insignia of 592-593

RAPE, punishment for 482

RATTLE, made of hoofs 619

RATTLESNAKE, cure for bite of 425-426

RED ROOT INDIANS, a branch of the Canoe Indians 430-431

RELATIONS, GOVERNMENTAL, with Indians, discussion of 470-474

RELIGION—

discussion of attempted change in 468-469

of the Upper Missouri Indians 481-483, 486-493, 594

See also CRIME

RETALIATION, among the Assiniboin 452-455

RETREAT, in warfare, attitude toward 560

REVENGE, justification of 481

See also CRIME; RETALIATION

RICE, WILD, use of 584

ROBBERY, among the Indians 476

See also THEFT

RUNNING, speed in 529

S

SACRED LODGE—

ceremony of 488-489

construction of 488

SACRIFICE—

amputation of fingers as 427-428

made by hunters 535

to the river 536

to Wakoñda 489

SCAFFOLD BURIALS

description of 572

disintegration of 574

reasons for 571

SCALP DANCE, description of 557-558

SCALP SONG, singing of 555, 556, 557-558

SCALPING, practice of 524

SCALPING KNIFE, described 555

SCALPS, rejoicing over 555-556

SCARIFICATION, practice of 490, 564

SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY R., circular by 378

SCHOOLS

Indian, need of 466-470

SCOUTS, of war party, duties of 549

SEASONS, recognition of 415

SELF-TORTURE, to propitiate Wakñnda 490

SHELLS

highly valued 590-591

SHIELD

rawhide, described 553

SICKNESS

treatment of 423-424

See also SMALL POX

SIGHT, acuteness in sense of 527-528

SILVER, use of 591

SIOUX BANDS, list of 435

SIOUX INDIANS, dress of 587

SKIN DRESSING, described 540-541

SKINS—

judging of 539

used for clothing 584

SKY, beliefs concerning 415

SMALLPOX—

difficulty of curing 428

epidemics of 396, 399, 400

SMOKING, custom of 524

SNOW, hunting in 535

SOLDIERS—

duties of 442, 448

organization of 436

SOLDIERS' DANCE, described 562

SONGS—

accompanying ceremonies 496

list of 618-619

lullabies 620

use of 617

SON-IN-LAW, status of 511

SORCERY, fear inspired by 528

SPEAKING, in public 526

SPEARHEADS—

See also POINTS

SPEECHES—

at scalp dance 558

made by Assiniboin chief 438-439

of Crazy Bear 597-599

of Le Chef du Tonnerre 600-602

See also ORATORY, SPEAKING

STARS, knowledge concerning 417

STEALING. See THEFT

STOICISM OF THE INDIAN 525

STONE INDIANS, an Assiniboin band 430

STORY-TELLING. See MYTHS

STRENGTH, Indians—

Assiniboin 529

SUGAR, method of obtaining 584

SUICIDE, among Indians 522

SUN—

beliefs concerning 415

worship of 496

SWEAT HOUSE, use of 425

See also VAPOR BATHS

SYMBOLS, ANIMAL, use of 412

T

TABOOS, concerning women 524

TACITURNITY OF THE INDIAN 526

TATTOOING—

a mark of dignity 449

custom of 522, 592

TERRITORY, rights to 476-478

THE GAUCHE, Assiniboin chief, account of 400

THEFT—

among the Indians 476, 481-482

punishment for 482

TIME, reckoning of 415-416

TOBACCO, ceremonial use of 447, 496

TOMAHAWK, manner of using 555

TORTURE OF ENEMIES 491-492, 551

See also SELF-TORTURE

TRADE—

of the upper Missouri 457-466

profits of 460

with the Assiniboin 397-398

TRADERS—

demands upon 460

general character of 457, 621

risks taken by 459

TRADING, method of 458, 459

TRADING POINTS, on the Missouri 407

TRADITIONS—

Assiniboin 402-403

relating of 521

TRAVEL—

guidance in 526-527

traces left by 527

TREATIES, with the Assiniboin 398

TREBITSCH, R. 573

TRIBAL ORGANIZATION, Assiniboin 430-431

TRIBES—

divisions of 404

list of, described by Denig 378

migrations of 405-406

separation of 405

TWINS, occurrence of 513

V

VACCINATION, among the Assiniboin 428

VAPOR BATHS, effect of 429

See also SWEAT HOUSE

VEGETAL FOOD, of Upper Missouri Indians 583

VERMIN, method of disposing of 584

VESSELS, CLAY, for cooking 581

VIRGINITY

precautions to insure 590

violation of, of captives 553

VOCABULARIES, recorded by Denig 382-383

W

WAH-HE´ MUZZA, Assiniboin chief 395

WAKOÑDA

the Creator 414

the supernatural power 486, 487-488

WAR

a means of advancement 525

made to steal horses 544

made to take scalps 544, 548-551

object of 544

WAR CHIEFS, power of 449-450

WAR CLUB, stone, use of 555

WAR EXPLOITS, recounting of 559-560

WAR LEADER, responsibility of 443

WAR PARTY

attack by, described 549-550

organization of 544-545

return of 547-548

tactics of 545-547

WAR WHOOP, use of 551

WARFARE

attitude toward retreat in 560

causes of 470

causes of failure in 548

customs of 544-554

means of preventing 470-471

precautions taken in 549

WARRIOR, burial of 570-571

WARRIORS

Assiniboin, list of 401-402

dress of 553-554, 586, 589

insignia of 593

tattooing of 592

WEAPONS, described 555

WHIP DANCE, briefly described 564

WHISTLES, use of, in hunting 537

WHITE CRANE DANCE, described 563

WIDOWERS, remarriage of 511

WIDOWS

remarriage of 511

suicide among 522

WILD RICE, use of 584

WITCHCRAFT, belief in 493-494

WOLVES, trapping of 538-539

"WOMAN CHIEF," account of 433-434

WOMEN

burial of 573

clothing of 587

customs regarding 524

list of names of 519

marriageable age of 611

status of 433, 451, 455

treatment of, as captives 551, 552, 553

work of 444, 505

WOMEN'S DANCE, briefly described 564

WOMEN'S GAME, description of 569-570

WOOLEN GOODS, introduction of 464-465

WOUNDS, recovery from 429-430

FOOTNOTES