NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA IN 1879.
Reading edition
BY
JAMES STEVENSON.
Table of Contents List of Illustrations Introduction Illustrated Catalogue
NOTE.
The following catalogue of the collections made during 1879 was prepared for the First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, but owing to want of space was not included in that volume. Before the necessity of this action was made apparent the matter had been stereotyped and it was impossible to change the figure numbers, etc. This will explain the seeming irregularity in the numbering of the figures—the first one of this paper following the last one of the above-mentioned report. The second catalogue, that of the collection of 1880, also included in this volume, has been made to correspond with the first, the figure numbers following in regular order.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Washington, January 3, 1881.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith an illustrated catalogue exhibiting in part the results of the ethnologic and archaeologic explorations made under your direction in New Mexico and Arizona during the summer of 1879.
As you are already familiar with the mode of travel and the labor necessary in making such investigations and explorations, as well as the incidents common to such undertakings, and as I do not consider them of any special interest or value to the catalogue, I have omitted such details.
I beg, however, in this connection, to refer to the services of Messrs. F. H. Cushing, ethnologist of the Smithsonian Institution, and J. K. Hillers, photographic artist of the Bureau of Ethnology, both of whom accompanied me on the expedition.
Mr. Cushing’s duties were performed with intelligence and zeal throughout. After the field-work of the season was completed he remained with the Indians for the purpose of studying the habits, customs, manners, political and religious organizations, and language of the people; also to explore the ancient caves of that region. His inquiries will prove of the utmost interest and importance to science. Mr. Hillers labored with equal zeal and energy. His work is of the greatest value in illustrating some of the most interesting features of our investigations. He made a large series of negatives depicting nearly every feature of the Pueblo villages and their inhabitants. The beauty and perfection of the photographs themselves fully attest the value and importance of his work.
I would extend most cordial thanks to General Sherman for the special interest he manifested in our work, and for directions given by him to the officers of the Army serving in the West to assist us in carrying out the objects of the expedition; and to the officers who so cordially rendered such aid.
To General Edward Hatch, commanding the district of New Mexico, we are indebted for valuable information and material assistance, which were liberally granted, and to which in great part our success was due. The party also received valuable aid from Gen. George P. Buell, U. S. A., who was in command at Fort Wingate during our work at Zuñi, for which I am pleased to extend thanks. The large number and variety of objects collected by the members of the expedition, and the many difficulties incident to such undertakings, as well as the limited time devoted to the preparation of the catalogue, will account for any imperfections it may contain.
Hoping, however, that, notwithstanding these, it may serve useful ends in the continuation of such work,
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES STEVENSON.
Prof. J. W. Powell,
Director Bureau of Ethnology.
CONTENTS.
Letter of Transmittal 311
Introduction 319
Articles of stone 320
Articles of clay 322
Vegetal substances 334
Collection from Zuñi 337
Articles of stone 337
Axes, hammers, and mauls 337
Metates, or grain-grinders, and pestles 340
Mortars, pestles, etc 340
Miscellaneous objects 342
Articles of clay 343
Water vases 343
Water jugs and jars 347
Jugs of fanciful forms 349
Pitchers 349
Cups or cup-shaped vessels 350
Eating bowls 350
Cooking vessels 358
Ladles 360
Baskets 360
Paint cups 362
Condiment cups 363
Effigies 364
Statuettes 366
Clays and pigments 367
Vegetal substances 368
Basketry 368
Pads 369
Domestic implements, toys, etc 370
Foods 372
Medicines and dyes 372
Animal substances 373
Horn and bone 373
Skin 373
Woven fabrics 373
Collection from Wolpi 375
Articles of stone 375
Axes, hammers, etc 375
Metates, or grain-grinders, and pestles 376
Mortars, pestles, etc 377
Miscellaneous objects 377
Articles of clay 378
Water vases 378
Water jugs and jars 379
Toy-like water vessels 381
Cups 382
Eating bowls 382
Cooking vessels 385
Toy-like vessels 385
Ladles 385
Miscellaneous 387
Statuettes 387
Vegetal substances 389
Basketry 389
Domestic implements, toys, etc 391
Ornamental objects 393
Statuettes 395
Animal substances 396
Horn and bone 396
Skin 397
Woven fabrics 398
Collection from Laguna 399
Articles of clay 399
Water vases 399
Water jugs and jars 401
Pitchers 401
Effigies 402
Eating bowls 403
Collection from Acoma 404
Articles of clay 404
Water vases 404
Pitchers 405
Eating bowls 405
Collection from Cochiti 405
Articles of clay 405
Water vessels 405
Eating bowls 408
Ornaments, effigies, and toys 408
Collection from Santo Domingo 409
Articles of Clay 409
Water vessels 409
Collection from Tesuke 410
Articles of stone 410
Metates, mortars, etc 410
Articles of clay 410
Water vases 410
Water jugs and jars 413
Pitchers 413
Eating bowls 413
Cooking vessels 414
Toys 414
Vegetal substances 414
Medicines 414
Collection from Santa Clara 415
Articles of clay 415
Water vases 415
Eating bowls 415
Cooking vessels 416
Effigies 416
Collection from San Juan 416
Articles of clay 416
Eating bowls 416
Collection from Jemez 417
Articles of clay 417
Collection from the Jicarilla Apaches 417
Articles of clay 417
Collection from Old Pecos 418
Articles of stone 418
Articles of clay 418
Articles of wood 419
Collection from the Cañon de Chelly 419
Articles of clay 419
Water vessels 419
Bowls 420
Cooking vessels 420
Collection from Pictograph Rocks 420
Articles of clay 420
Collection from other localities 421
Articles of clay 421
Miscellaneous 421
Statuettes 421
ILLUSTRATIONS.
In the printed text, most figures were on unpaginated plates, facing the page listed. For this e-text they are placed as close as practicable to their catalog entries. Figures listed in boldface were printed in color. Fractions in figure captions are included for completeness. They have no relationship to the scale of images used here. The Map was originally listed out of sequence, at the end of the Illustrations.
Artifacts from: Zuñi (347-503) Wolpi (504-584) Laguna (585-617) Acoma (618-622) Cochiti (623-647) Santo Domingo (648-649) Tesuke (650-659) Santa Clara (660-672) San Juan (673-675) Jemez (676) Cañon De Chelly (677-696) Pictograph rocks (697)
Map showing location of the pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico 319
Figs. 347-352. Zuñi grooved axes 338
347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352.
Fig. 353. Zuñi mortar and pestle 340
” 354. Zuñi crucible 340
” 355. Zuñi skinning-knife 340
” 356. Zuñi sandstone mold 340
” 357. Zuñi spear-head 340
” 358. Zuñi mortar and pestle 340
Figs. 359-360. Zuñi water vases 342
” 361-362. Zuñi water vases 343
” 363-364. Zuñi water vases 344
” 365-366. Zuñi water vases 344
” 367-368. Zuñi water vases 344
” 369-370. Zuñi water vases 344
” 371-372. Zuñi water vases 345
” 373-374. Zuñi water vases 345
” 375-378. Zuñi water vases 346
375, 376, 377, 378.
Fig. 379. Zuñi canteen 347
” 380. Zuñi eating bowl 347
” 381. Zuñi water vase 347
” 382. Zuñi eating bowl 347
Figs. 383-384. Zuñi water vases 347
” 385-387. Zuñi canteens 348
385, 386, 387.
” 388-391. Zuñi canteens 348
388, 389, 390, 391.
” 392-394. Zuñi canteens 349
392, 393, 394.
” 395-397. Zuñi canteens 349
395, 396, 397.
Fig. 398. Zuñi canteen 350
” 399. Zuñi water vase 350
” 400. Zuñi canteen 350
” 401. Zuñi eating bowl 350
” 402. Zuñi canteen 350
Figs. 403-406. Zuñi water pitchers 350
403, 404, 405, 406.
Fig. 407. Zuñi water pitcher 350
Figs. 408-409. Zuñi cups 350
” 410-412. Zuñi eating bowls 350
410, 411, 412.
” 413-415. Zuñi eating bowls 352
413, 414, 415.
” 416-418. Zuñi eating bowls 354
416, 417, 418.
” 419-421. Zuñi eating bowls 356
419, 420, 421.
” 422-424. Zuñi eating bowls 356
422, 423, 424.
” 425-427. Zuñi eating bowls 357
425, 426, 427.
” 428-430. Zuñi eating bowls 358
428, 429, 430.
” 431-436. Zuñi cooking vessels 359
431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436.
” 437-441. Zuñi ladles 360
437, 438, 439, 440, 441.
” 442-447. Zuñi clay baskets 361
442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447.
” 448-453. Zuñi clay baskets 361
448, 448, 450, 451, 452, 453.
” 454-457. Zuñi paint cups 364
454, 455, 456, 457.
” 458-459. Zuñi condiment cups 364
” 460-461. Zuñi effigies 365
” 462-463. Zuñi effigies 365
” 464-467. Zuñi effigies 365
464, 465, 466, 467.
” 468-469. Zuñi effigies 365
” 470-471. Zuñi effigies 365
” 472-476. Zuñi effigies 366
472, 473, 474, 475, 476.
” 477-480. Zuñi effigies 366
477, 478, 479, 480.
” 481-483. Zuñi moccasins 367
481, 482, 483.
” 484-485. Zuñi basketry 370
Fig. 486. Zuñi pad 370
” 487. Zuñi toy cradle 370
” 488. Zuñi basketry 370
” 489. Zuñi toy cradle 370
” 490. Zuñi ladle 370
” 491. Zuñi war-club 372
Figs. 492-493. Zuñi dance ornaments 372
Fig. 494. Zuñi rotary drill 372
” 495. Zuñi wooden spade 372
” 496. Zuñi wooden digger 372
” 497. Zuñi rattle 371
” 498. Zuñi rattle 373
” 499. Zuñi hopple 373
Figs. 500-502. Zuñi woven sashes 373
Fig. 503. Zuñi head dress 374
Figs. 504-507. Wolpi axes 375
504, 505, 506, 507.
Fig. 508. Wolpi metate 375
” 509. Wolpi ancient pipe 378
” 510. Wolpi stone effigy 378
” 511. Wolpi neck ornament 378
Figs. 512-513. Wolpi effigies 378
Fig. 514. Wolpi water vase 379
Figs. 515-516. Wolpi pots 379
” 517-519. Wolpi vessels 381
517, 518, 519.
” 520-522. Wolpi water jars 382
Fig. 523. Wolpi eating bowl 385
” 524. Wolpi cooking vessel 385
” 525. Wolpi ladle 385
Figs. 526-529. Wolpi ladles 386
526, 527, 528, 529.
Fig. 530. Wolpi basket 386
” 531. Wolpi basin 388
” 532. Wolpi vase and bowl attached 388
Figs. 533-534. Wolpi clay statuettes 388
” 535-536. Wolpi baskets 389
” 537-538. Wolpi baskets 390
Fig. 539. Wolpi basket 390
” 540. Wolpi floor mat 390
Figs. 541-542. Wolpi baskets 390
” 543-545. Wolpi baskets 391
Fig. 546. Wolpi weaving stick 392
” 547. Wolpi spindle whorl 392
Figs. 548-549. Wolpi rabbit sticks 392
Fig. 550. Wolpi rake 393
” 551. Wolpi drumstick 393
” 552. Wolpi treasure-box 393
” 553. Wolpi dance gourd 393
” 554. Wolpi treasure-box 393
Figs. 555-558. Wolpi dance ornaments 393
555, 556, 557, 558.
Fig. 559. Wolpi head-dress 394
” 560. Wolpi gourd rattle 394
” 561. Wolpi musical instrument 394
” 562. Wolpi gourd rattle 394
Figs. 563-565. Wolpi ornaments 394
” 566-569. Wolpi effigies 395
566, 567, 568, 569.
” 570-572. Wolpi effigies 396
570, 571, 572.
Fig. 573. Wolpi horn ladle 397
” 574. Wolpi horn rattle 397
” 575. Wolpi perforator 397
” 576. Wolpi arrow straightener 397
” 577. Wolpi wristlet 398
” 578. Wolpi moccasin 398
” 579. Wolpi wristlet 398
” 580. Wolpi riding whip 398
” 581. Wolpi drum 399
Figs. 582-583. Wolpi blanket 399
Fig. 584. Wolpi anklets 399
Figs. 585-587. Laguna water vases 400
585, 586, 587.
” 588-591. Laguna water vases 400
588, 589, 590, 591.
Fig. 592. Laguna water pitcher 400
Figs. 593-596. Laguna water jars 401
593, 594, 595, 596.
” 597-600. Laguna effigies 402
597, 598, 599, 600.
” 601-604. Laguna effigies 402
601, 602, 603, 604.
” 605-609. Laguna effigies 402
605, 606, 607, 608, 609.
” 610-612. Laguna water vases 403
610, 611, 612.
” 613-615. Laguna eating bowls 403
613, 614, 615.
” 616-617. Laguna eating bowls 403
” 618-619. Acoma water vases 404
” 620-622. Acoma water vases 404
620, 621, 622.
” 623-624. Cochiti water vessels 406
” 625-626. Cochiti water vessels 406
” 627-628. Cochiti water vessels 406
” 629-630. Cochiti water vessels 407
” 631-632. Cochiti water vessels 407
” 633-634. Cochiti water vessels 407
” 635-636. Cochiti water vessels 407
” 637-638. Cochiti water vessels 408
” 639-640. Cochiti water vessels 408
” 641-642. Cochiti water vessels 408
” 643-644. Cochiti water vessels 408
” 645-647. Cochiti effigies 409
” 648-649. Santo Domingo drinking vessels 410
Fig. 650. Tesuke mortar and pestle 410
Figs. 651-652. Tesuke water vases 412
” 653-654. Tesuke water vases 412
Fig. 655. Tesuke water jar 414
” 656. Tesuke effigy 414
” 657. Tesuke cooking vessel 414
” 658. Tesuke effigy 414
” 659. Tesuke cooking vessel 414
Figs. 660-662. Santa Clara water vases 416
” 663-664. Santa Clara eating bowls 416
” 665-666. Santa Clara effigies 416
Fig. 667. Santa Clara eating bowl 416
” 668. Santa Clara platter 416
” 669. Santa Clara eating bowl 416
Figs. 670-672. Santa Clara water jars 416
670, 671, 672.
” 673-675. San Juan eating bowls 416
673, 674, 675.
Fig. 676. Jemez water vessel 417
Figs. 677-680. Water vessels from Cañon De Chelly 418
” 681-683. Water vessels from Cañon De Chelly 420
” 684-686. Bowls from Cañon De Chelly 420
” 687-692. Pitchers from Cañon De Chelly 420
687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692.
” 693-696. Cooking vessels from Cañon De Chelly 420
693, 694, 695, 696.
Fig. 697. Corrugated vessel from Pictograph rocks 420
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR. MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF THE PUEBLOS OF ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO
