Part II Statutes not Limited to War. (See pp. 180–194 of text.)
Reading edition
Part II Statutes not Limited to War. (See pp. 180–194 of text.)
A. Red Flags and Other Insignia:
Arizona Laws, 1919, c. 11. 6 mos., $100-$300.
California Laws, 1919, c. 142. Felony.
Colorado Laws, 1919, c. 171. 1–10 yrs.
Connecticut Public Acts, 1919, c. 35. 6 mos., $200. New Haven Red Flag Ordinance (1919), 29 Yale L. Journ. 108.
Delaware Laws, 1919, c. 231. 15 yrs., $2,000.
Idaho Laws, 1919, c. 96. 1–10 yrs., $1,000.
Illinois Laws, 1919, p. 420, sec. 265 f. 1–10 yrs.
Indiana Laws, 1919, c. 125 (preamble referring to Russia). 5 yrs., $5,000.
Iowa Laws, 1919, c. 199. 6 mos., $1,000.
Kansas Laws, 1919, c. 184. 18 mos.-3 yrs.
Massachusetts Laws, 1913, c. 678, sec. 2 (repealed by Laws, 1915, c. 255). 6 mos., $100.
Comm. v. Karvonen, 219 Mass. 30 (1914).
Michigan Laws, 1919, No. 104. 5 yrs., $1,000.
Minnesota Laws, 1919, c. 46. Felony.
Montana Laws, 1919, c. 25. 1–5 yrs., $500.
Nebraska Laws, 1919, c. 208. 5 yrs., $1,000.
New Jersey Laws, 1919, c. 78. 15 yrs., $2,000.
New Mexico Laws, 1919, c. 33. 6 mos., $100.
New York Laws, 1919, c. 409. Misdemeanor.
Oklahoma Laws, 1919, c. 133. 10 yrs., $1,000.
Oregon Laws, 1919, c. 35. 10 yrs., $1,000.
South Dakota Laws, 1919, c. 191. 30 days, $100.
Utah Laws, 1919, c. 129. 1–10 yrs., $1,000.
Vermont Laws, 1919, c. 195. 6 mos., $200.
Washington Laws, 1919, c. 181. Felony.
West Virginia Laws, 1919, c. 24, sec. 2. 1 yr., $100-$500 (first offense); 1–5 yrs. (second offense).
Wisconsin Laws, 1919, c. 369. $10-$100 (30 days on default).
B. Statutes Against Incitement to Specific Acts of Violence:
(Note: The grouping adopted below is necessarily somewhat arbitrary. Groups B-E run into one another, and the line between sedition and syndicalism is not always clear.)
*Massachusetts Laws, 1919, c. 191. 3 yrs., $1,000.
*New Jersey Laws, 1908, c. 278. High misdemeanor.
State v. Boyd, 86 N. J. L. 75; 87 N. J. L. 328 (1915).
State v. Quinlan, 86 N. J. L. 120; 87 N. J. L. 333 (1915; with dissenting opinion).
State v. Scott, 86 N. J. L. 133 (1914) (reversal).
Vermont Laws, 1919, No. 194 (like Mass., but has “indirectly”). 3 yrs., $1,000.
C. Statutes Against Incitement to Crime Generally:
Indiana Laws, 1919, c. 125, sec. 2 (includes advocacy of revolution by “general cessation of industry”). 5 yrs., $5,000.
Washington Laws, 1909, c. 249, sec. 312. Gross misdemeanor.
State v. Fox, 71 Wash. 185 (1912).
Fox v. Washington, 236 U. S. 273 (1915).
Wyoming Laws, 1919, c. 76. 5 yrs., $5,000.
D. Statutes Against Criminal Anarchy:
*New York Laws, 1902, c. 371. 10 yrs., $5,000:
Von Gerichten v. Seitz, 94 App. Div. 130 (1904).
Washington Laws, 1909, c. 249, secs. 311, 314–316. 10 yrs., $5,000.
State v. Lowery, 104 Wash. 520 (1918).
E. Peace-Time Sedition Statutes:
*Connecticut Public Acts, 1919, c. 191 (public advocacy of “any measure, doctrine, proposal or propaganda intended to injuriously affect the government” of U. S. or Conn.). 3 yrs., $1,000.
Public Acts, 1919, c. 312 (“abusive, disloyal, scurrilous matter about form of government of U. S., military forces, etc., or matter intended to bring them into contempt, or which creates or fosters opposition to organized government”). 5 yrs., $500.
Hawaii Laws, 1918 sp., Act 19 (like contempt part of Espionage Act of 1918; also war clauses and peace clauses). 1–10 yrs., $100-$1,000.
Illinois Laws, 1919, p. 420, adding to Criminal Code secs. 265 a-g (advocacy of reformation or overthrow of present representative form of government by violence or other unlawful means; issuing books, etc.; membership in society, etc.) 1–10 yrs.
Iowa Laws, 1917, c. 372 (exciting or attempting to excite insurrection or sedition, advocating subversion or destruction by force of Ia. or U. S. government; attempting to excite hostility or opposition to them; membership in association, etc.). 20 yrs., $1,000-$10,000.
State v. Gibson, 174 N. W. 34 (1919).
Louisiana Laws, 1917 sp., No. 24 (like Ia.). 20 yrs., $10,000.
Montana Laws, 1919, c. 77 (like war-time statute, supra, and U. S. Espionage Act of 1918). 1–20 yrs., $200-$20,000.
New Hampshire Laws, 1919, c. 155 (advocating overthrow of government or interference with any public or private right whatever by force; any act which tends to encourage violation of law). 10 yrs., $5,000. Injunction provision.
New Jersey Laws, 1918, c. 44 (like Ia.). 20 yrs., $10,000.
New York Laws, 1917, vol. 2, c. 416 (removal of officers, civil service employees, and teachers for treasonable or seditious acts or utterances).
Laws, 1918, vol. 2, c. 246 (elimination of school textbooks containing seditious or disloyal matter).
Pennsylvania Laws, 1919, No. 275 (any publication, utterance, or conduct which tends to cause any outbreak of violence, to encourage conduct with a view of overthrowing by force or show or threat of force the government of U. S. or Pa., to encourage any overt act with a view of bringing them into hatred or contempt, or to incite harm to officials or public property, etc. Cf. Palmer federal bill). 20 yrs., $100-$10,000.
West Virginia Laws, 1919, c. 24 (see text). 1 yr., $100-$500 (first offense); 1–5 yrs. (second offense).
Criminal Syndicalism Statutes (substantially of a uniform type, unless otherwise noted):
Alaska Laws, 1919, c. 6. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Arizona Laws, 1918 sp., c. 13 (special wording). 10 yrs., $5,000. Message of Governor Hunt, refusing to sign this Act, ibid. 49; Senate and House Resolutions denouncing the I.W.W., ibid. 55, 67.
*California Laws, 1919, c. 188. 1–14 yrs.
Ex parte McDermott, 183 Pac. 437 (1919).
Hawaii Laws, 1919, c. 186. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Idaho Laws, 1917, c. 145. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Iowa Laws, 1919, c. 382. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Michigan Laws, 1919, No. 255. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Minnesota Laws, 1917, c. 215. 10 yrs., $5,000.
State v. Moilen, 167 N. W. 345 (1918); 1 A. L. R. 331.
Montana Laws, 1918 sp., c. 7. 1–5 yrs., $200-$1,000.
Nebraska Laws, 1919, c. 261. (Adds “or for profit”) 1–10 yrs., $1,000.
Nevada Laws, 1919, c. 22. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Ohio Laws, 1919, House Bill No. 477. 10 yrs., $5,000.
Oklahoma Laws, 1919, c. 70. (Adds “or for profit.”) 10 yrs., $5,000.
Oregon Laws, 1919, c. 12. (Adds “or for profit.”) 1–10 yrs., $1,000.
South Dakota Laws, 1918, c. 38. 1–25 yrs., $1,000-$10,000.
Utah Laws, 1919, c. 127. 1–5 yrs., $200-$1,000.
Washington Laws, 1919, c. 3. 10 yrs., $5,000. (Repealed by the following act.)
Laws, 1919, c. 174 (special wording, favoring “crime, sedition, violence, intimidation or injury” as a means of change). Felony.
Laws, 1919, c. 173 (special wording, favoring sabotage). Felony.