APPENDIX II INDEX OF REPORTED CASES UNDER THE ESPIONAGE ACTS OF 1917 AND 1918

This index is meant to include all Espionage Act cases involving freedom of speech which are contained in the following reports, abbreviated as shown:

Bulletins of the Department of Justice on the Interpretation of War Statutes (B);

Federal Reporter (F), containing cases in the Circuit Court of Appeals, and occasionally in the District Courts;

United States Reports (U. S.), containing Supreme Court decisions;

One case is officially reported only in Report of the Attorney General for 1918 (A), which gives facts of many more.

Some recent Supreme Court cases are in the Supreme Court Reporter (Sup.).

A few cases are from Nelles, Espionage Act Cases (N).

So far as practicable I have indexed not only the defendant who gives his name to the case but every defendant. This seemed undesirable in the cases of the 93 I.W.W.’s in the Haywood case and the 27 Socialists in the Baltzer case. Consequently, while there are 184 persons indexed below, 118 more should be added to give the total number of persons whose prosecutions are reported, making 302 in all. Besides these many Espionage Act cases have never been reported. Notes of these are in War-time Prosecutions and Mob Violence, which contains the facts of many others. The total number of persons convicted is reported as 877, with 285 cases still pending on June 30, 1919. The Attorney General’s Reports for 1918 and 1919 show that there were 988 cases commenced in 1917–18, and 968 in 1918–19. Out of these 1,956 cases only a small fraction are reported anywhere.

In each instance I have given the defendant’s name, the state where he was prosecuted (omitting United States Districts within a state), a reference to the report, the result of the case, and the sentence.

Abbreviations are:

C., conviction.

Acq., acquittal.

Acq. d., acquittal directed.

Ind., indictment.

Aff., affirmed by Circuit Court of Appeals or Supreme Court.

Rev., reversed by Circuit Court of Appeals or Supreme Court.

An asterisk shows that the sentence has been shortened by the President, and the length of the commuted sentence or date of its expiration is added. It is possible that some commutations have been omitted. Information as to convictions, sentences, pardons, etc., if not contained in the reports, has been obtained from War-time Prosecutions; New York Times, May 9, 1919; and from the Attorney General’s Report for 1919.

I. Prosecutions Under Title I, Sections 3 and 4, and Title XII

Abrams, J. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 20 yrs., aff.

Albers, H. Oregon B. 191; 263 F. 27 C. Aff.

American Socialist Society N. Y. B. 129, 252 F. 223; B. 192; B. 198 C. Fine $3,000

Anderson, O. S. D. 264 F. 75 C. Aff.

Ault, E. B. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Baer, Elizabeth Pa. B. 43; B. 194, 249 U. S. 47 C. Aff.

Balbas, sub Capo

Baltzer, E., and 26 others S. D. B. 3; 248 U. S. 593 C. 1–2 yrs. Rev. on confession of error

Bentall, J. O. Minn. B. 180, 262 F. 744 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Berger, V. L. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Binder, L. N. Y. B. 117, B. 126 C.

Blodgett, D. T. Iowa N. 48 C. 20 yrs.

Bold, F. W. Oregon B. 183

Bosco, P. W. Vir. B. 71 C. 10 yrs. (*2 yrs.)

Bouldin, G. W. (negro) Texas 261 F. 674 C. Aff.

Boutin, A. N. Y. 251 F. 313 Ind. good

Brackett, W. A. Mo. B. 170 C. $150

Brenne, R. Ohio B. 199 Acq. d.

Brinton, J. W. N. D. B. 132

Buessel, T. Conn. B. 131 C. 10 yrs. (*4/1/19)

Bunyard, C. D. Mo. B. 168 C. $200

Capers, H. Okla. B. 74

Capo, V. Balbas Porto Rico B. 30, B. 37, 257 F. 17 C. 8 yrs. $4,000. Rev.

Carlson, J. A. Wash. B. 185

Casey, J. E. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Caughman, J. M. S. C. 258 F. 434 C. Rev.

Cecca, G. de N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 10 yrs. Rev.

Coldwell, J. M. R. I. B. 158; B. 201, 256 F. 805; 250 U. S. 661 (memo.) C. 3 yrs. Aff.

Creo, A. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. 15; B. 52; 40 Sup. 205 C. Aff.

Curran, W. C. N. Y. B. 140

Darkow, M. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, 254 F. 135; 40 Sup. 259. See B. 42 C. 5 yrs. Aff.

Deason, T. Texas 254 F. 259 C. Aff. 1½ yrs. (*1 yr.)

Debs, E. V. Ohio B. 155; B. 196, 249 U. S. 211 C. 10 yrs. Aff.

Deilman, C. S. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. 15; B. 52; 40 Sup. 205 C. Aff.

Dembowski, J. Mich. 252 F. 894 Ind. bad

Denson, W. A. Ala. B. 142 Acq.

Dodge, W. N. Y. B. 202; 258 F. 300; 250 U. S. 660 (memo.) C. 6 yrs. Aff.

Doe, P. B. Colo. B. 55; 253 F. 903 C. 1½ yrs. Aff. (*5/8/19)

Doll, C. S. D. B. 5; B. 163, 253 F. 646 C. Rev.

Eastman, M. N. Y. 252 F. 232 2 mistrials

Elmer, W. P. Mo. B. 171; 260 F. 646 C. $1,000. Rev.

Enfield, O. E. Okla. 261 F. 141 C. Rev.

Engdahl, J. L. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Equi, Marie Oregon B. 172; 261 F. 53 C. 3 yrs. $500. Aff.

Feltman, H. Ky. 264 F. 1 C. Aff.

Fisher, G. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Fontana, J. N. D. B. 148; 262 F. 283 C. Rev.

Foster, L. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs.

Frerichs, H. Neb. B. 85

Frohwerk, J. Mo. B. 128; 248 U. S. 540; B. 197, 249 U. S. 204 C. 10 yrs. Aff. (*1 yr.)

Germer, A. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Gneiser, G. A. W. V. B. 71

Goldsmith, C. H. Ala. B. 133

Goldstein, R. Cal. 258 F. 908. See B. 33 C. 10 yrs. $5,000. Aff. (*3 yrs.)

Graham, J. I. Tenn. B. 120

Granzow, F. A. Iowa 261 F. 172 C. Rev.

Groeschl Ky. N. 3 Acq. d.

Grubl, F. S. D. 264 F. 44 C. Rev.

Guggolz, J. C. Cal. 262 F. 764 C. Rev.

Hall, J. K. S. C. 256 F. 748, B. 189 C. Rev.

Hall, V. Mont. 248 F. 150 Acq. d.

Hamm, E. Cal. 261 F. 907 C. Aff.

Harper, S. J. La. B. 76 Acq.

Harshfield, J. Neb. 260 F. 659 C. Rev.

Haywood, W. D., and 92 others Illinois B. 175 C. 16 for 20 yrs. 33 for 10 yrs. 30 for 5 yrs. 12 for 1 yr. 2 for 10 days. Aff.

Head, W. J. S. D. 248 U. S. 593 C. 3 yrs. $500. Rev. on confession of error

Henning, J. Wis. B. 184 Ind. bad

Henricksen, H. M. Neb. B. 86 C.

Herman, E. Wash. B. 109; 257 F. 601 C. 10 yrs. Aff.

Heynacher, W. S. D. 257 F. 61 C. 5 yrs. Aff. (*1 yr.)

Hicks, W. M. Okla. B. 160 C. 20 yrs. (*5 yrs.)

Hickson, F. C. S. C. 258 F. 867 C. Rev.

Hitchcock, A. L. Ohio B. 122 C. 10 yrs. (*2 yrs.)

Hitt, O. Colo. B. 53 Acq.

Hodges, W. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Hotze, W. N. Y. 263 F. 130 C. 1½ yrs.

Howenstine, F. P. Cal. 263 F. 1 C. Aff.

Huhn, W. Wyo. B. 58

Hundelshausen, H. v. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; B. 156 Mistrial; case dismissed

Kammann, C. H. Illinois 259 F. 192 C. 3 yrs., $5,000. Rev.

Katzler, W. von N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; B. 156 Mistrial; case dismissed

Kaufman, W. H. Wash. B. 134 C. 5 yrs.

Kennedy, I. Cal. 263 F. 1 C. Aff.

Kirchner, H. E. W. V. B. 69; B. 174, 255 F. 301 C. 2 yrs. Aff. (*5/8/19)

Koenig, H. C. Mo. B. 123, 166 Acq. d.

Kornmann, C. S. D. B. 89; 248 U. S. 594 C. 10 yrs. Rev. on confession of error

Krafft, F. N. J. B. 6, 84; 249 F. 919; 247 U. S. 520 C. 5 yrs., $1,000 Aff. (*4/1/19)

Kruse, J. H. Ky. 264 F. 1 C. Aff.

Kruse, W. F. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Kumpula, E. Oregon 261 F. 49 C. Rev.

Lachowsky, H. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 20 yrs. Aff.

Lemke, H. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, 254 F. 135; 40 Sup. 259. See B. 42 C. 2 yrs. Aff.

Lipman, S. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 20 yrs. Aff.

Listman, G. B. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Lockhart, A. P. Tenn. 264 F. 14 C. Aff.

McMillan, A. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Mackley, H. G. Vt. B. 83 C. 15 yrs. (*3 yrs.)

Magon, R. F. Cal. 260 F. 811 C. 20 yrs. Aff.

Mamaux, J. Ohio 264 F. 816 C. Aff.

Martin, F. A. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Martin, R. J. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Martin, W. E. Ky. B. 157

Mayer, F. Ky. B. 146, 252 F. 868 Acq. d.

Mead, W. E. Wash. B. 103; 257 F. 639 C. 5 yrs. Aff.

Miller, J. A. Colo. B. 104 C. 2 yrs. (*1 yr.)

Mills, W. T. N. D. B. 204 Acq. d.

Mullen, P. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Nagler, L. B. Wis. B. 127, 252 F. 217 Ind. good, C.

Nearing, S. N. Y. B. 129, 252 F. 223; B. 192; B. 198 Acq.

Nelson, C. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. 15; B. 52; 40 Sup. 205 C. Aff.

O’Hare, Kate R. N. D. B. 40; B. 165, 253 F. 538 C. 5 yrs. Aff. (*5/29/20)

Olivereau, Louise Wash. B. 40 C. 10 yrs.

Pape, T. B. Illinois B. 151, 253 F. 270 Ind. bad

Partan, A. J. Oregon 261 F. 515 C. Aff.

Perry Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Peterson, J. A. Minn. A. 52 C. 4 yrs.

Phelan, J. B. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Pierce, C. H. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. 15; B. 52; 40 Sup.—. C. Aff.

Preston, F. L. N. Y. 263 F. 130 C. 1½ yrs.

Prieth, B. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; B. 156 Mistrial; case dismissed

Prieth, E. S. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; B. 156 Mistrial; case dismissed

Prober, G. See Abrams N. Y. Acq.

Pundt, G. Neb. B. 82

Ramp, F. Oregon B. 66 C.

Reitz, E. S. D. 257 F. 731 C. 5 yrs., $1,000. Aff.

Reivo, W. N. Oregon 261 F. 515 C. Aff.

Rhuberg, J. Oregon B. 94; B. 107; 255 Fed. 865 C. Aff.

Rivera, L. Cal. 260 F. 811 C. 15 yrs. Aff.

Robison, F. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Rosansky, H. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 3 yrs. Aff. (*5/8/19)

Rust, F. A. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Rutherford, J. F. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Sandberg, A. Ariz. 257 F. 643 C. 2 yrs., $500. Rev.

Sandvick, H. Alaska B. 113

Schaefer, P. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, 254 F. 135; 40 Sup. 259. See B. 42 C. 1 yr. Rev.

Schenck, C. T. Pa. B. 43; B. 194, 249 U. S. 47 C. Aff.

Schoberg, C. B. Ky. B. 149; 264 F. 1 C. Aff.

Schulze, C. G. Cal. 253 F. 377; 259 F. 189 C. Aff.

Schumann, W. Iowa 258 F. 233; 250 U. S. 66 (memo.) C. Aff.

Schutte, B. H. N. D. 252 F. 212 Ind. bad

Seattle Union-Record Pub. Co. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Seebach, J. C. Minn. 262 F. 885 C. Aff.

Shaffer, F. Wash. B. 125; B. 190, 255 F. 886 C. 2½ yrs. Aff. (*1 yr.)

Shidler, A. Nev. 257 F. 620 C. 2 yrs. $100. Aff.

Shilter, K. Cal. 257 F. 724 C. Aff.

Spillner, C. Hawaii B. 145 C. 16 yrs. (*3 yrs.)

Steene, C. W. N. Y. 263 F. 130 C. 1½ yrs.

Steimer, Molly N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 15 yrs. Aff.

Stenzel, B. Iowa 261 F. 161 C. 1½ yrs., $300. Rev.

Stephens, E. A. Cal. 261 F. 590 C. Aff.

Stephens, F. Del. B. 116, 121 Acq.

Stilson, J. V. Pa. B. 177; 40 Sup. 28 C. 3 yrs. Aff.

Stokes, Rose P. Mo. B. 106; 264 F. 18 C. 10 yrs. Rev.

Strong, Anna L. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Sugarman, A. L. Minn. B. 12; 245 Fed. 604; B. 195, 249 U. S. 182 C. 3 yrs. Aff.

Sukys, J. Pa. B. 177; 40 Sup. 28 C. 3 mos. Aff.

Sykes, J. Cal. 264 F. 945 C. Aff.

Tanner, W. B. Colo. B. 56 Acq.

Taubert, G. H. N. H. B. 108 C. 3 yrs. (*1½ yrs.)

Tucker, I. S. J. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Van Armburgh, W. E. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Vevig, T. Alaska B. 162

Vogel, P. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, 254 F. 135; 40 Sup. 259. See B. 42 C. 1 yr. Rev.

Von Bank, H. N. D. B. 164, 258 F. 641 C. Rev.

Waechter, H. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; B. 156 Mistrial; case dismissed

Waldron, C. H. Vt. B. 79 C. 15 yrs. (*4/1/19)

Wallace, D. H. Iowa B. 4 C. 20 yrs., went insane and died in jail

Wehmeyer, W. F. Mo. B. 176 C. $1,000

Weinsberg, C. H. Mo. B. 123 Acq.

Weist, A. Mo. B. 169 C., $200

Werner, L. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, 254 F. 135; 40 Sup. 259. See B. 42 C. 5 yrs. Aff.

Wessels, G. Tex. 262 F. 389 C. Aff.

White, J. Ohio 263 F. 17 C. Aff.

Whitney, A. G. N. Y. N. 55 No. ind.

Williams, L. E. Colo. B. 118

Wimmer, P. Ky. 264 F. 11 C. Aff.

Windmueller, D. Alaska B. 112 C. 1 yr., $250 (*1 yr.)

Wishek, J. H. N. D. B. 153

Wolf, J. H. S. D. B. 81; 259 F. 388 C. 5 yrs., $1,000. Rev.

Woodworth, C. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Youngman, P. G. Ala. B. 137 Acq.

Zademack, C. F. Ohio B. 143 C. 5 yrs. (*1½ yrs.)

Zimmerman, J. Ind. N. 10 Acq. d.

Zittel, J. Wash. B. 90

II. Seizure of Motion Picture Film under Title XI

U. S. v. Motion Picture Film, “The Spirit of ’76” Cal. B. 33, 252 F. 946 Upheld

III. Exclusions from the Mails under Title XII

Masses Pub. Co. v. Patten N. Y. 244 Fed. 535; 245 F. 102; B. 7, 246 Fed. 24 B. 26 Injunction refused for Aug. issue Injunction refused for Sept. issue

Jeffersonian Pub. Co. v. West Ga. 245 Fed. 585 Injunction refused

U. S. ex rel. Milwaukee Soc. Dem. Pub. Co. v. Burleson D. C. 258 F. 282 Mandamus refused, as to present and future issues