Foods that will win the war and how to cook them (1918)

SAVE FOOD

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Reasons Why Our Government Asks Us Not to Waste Food, with Practical Recipes on the Use of Leftovers

Elimination of food waste is to-day a patriotic service. It is also a most effective method of solving our food problem. This country, like all the powers at war, will undoubtedly be called upon to face increasing prices so long as the war continues, and waste in any form is not only needless squandering of the family income, but failure in devotion to a great cause.

Food waste is due to poor selection of raw materials, to careless storage and heedless preparation, to bad cooking, to injudicious serving, and to the overflowing garbage pail.

To select food in such a way as will eliminate waste and at the same time insure the best possible return for money spent, the housekeeper must purchase for nutriment rather than to please her own or the family palate.

When eggs are sixty and seventy cents a dozen their price is out of all proportion to their food value. Tomatoes at five or ten cents apiece in winter do not supply sufficient nutriment to warrant their cost, nor does capon at forty-five cents a pound nourish the body any better than the fricassee fowl at twenty-eight cents. In order to prevent such costly purchasing, a knowledge of food values is necessary. The simplest and easiest way to plan food values is to divide the common food materials into five main groups and see that each of these groups appear in each day's menu.

GROUP 1.—Foods depended on for mineral matters, vegetable acids, and body-regulating substances.

FRUITS

Apples, pears, etc., Berries, Melons, Oranges, lemons, all citrus fruits.

VEGETABLES

Salads, lettuce, celery, Potherbs or "greens" Tomatoes, squash, Green peas, green beans, Potatoes and root vegetables.

GROUP 2.—Foods depended on for protein.

Milk, skim milk, cheese, Eggs, Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dried peas, beans, cow-peas, Nuts.

GROUP 3.—Foods depended on for starch.

Cereals, grains, meals, flour, Cereal breakfast foods, Bread, Crackers, Macaroni and other pastes, Cakes, cookies, starchy puddings, Potatoes, other starchy vegetables, Bananas.

GROUP 4.—Foods depended on for sugar.

Sugar, Molasses, Syrups, Dates, Raisins, Figs.

GROUP 5.—Foods depended on for fat.

Butter and cream, Lard, suet, Salt pork and bacon, Table and salad oils, Vegetable, nut, and commercial cooking fats and oils.

If from each of these groups the housekeeper, when buying, chooses the lowest-cost food, she will provide the necessary nutriment for the least expenditure of money. In war time such marketing is essential.

Other causes of waste in food purchasing may be enumerated as follows: Ordering by telephone. This permits the butcher or grocer, who has no time to make selection of foods, to send what comes ready to hand; whereas if the housekeeper did her own selecting, she could take advantage of special prices or "leaders"—food sold at cost or nearly cost to attract patronage.

Buying out-of-season foods also makes marketing costly. Through lack of knowledge concerning the periods at which certain fruits and vegetables are seasonable, and therefore cheaper and in best flavor, housekeepers frequently pay exorbitant prices for poor flavored, inferior products.

Buying in localities where high rental and neighborhood standards compel the shopkeeper to charge high prices, the consumer pays not only for the rent and the plate glass windows, but for display of out-of-season delicacies, game and luxury-foods. Markets should be selected where food in season is sold; where cleanliness and careful attention prevail rather than showy display.

Many a dollar is foolishly spent for delicatessen foods. The retail cost of ready prepared foods includes a fraction of the salary of the cook and the fuel, as well as the regular percentage of profit. The food, also, is not so nourishing or flavorsome as if freshly cooked in the home kitchen.

Buying perishable foods in larger quantities than can be used immediately. Too frequently meats, fish, eggs, vegetables, milk and cream are purchased in quantities larger than needed for immediate consumption, and lack of knowledge of use of left-overs causes what is not eaten to be discarded.

Buying non-perishable foods in small quantities instead of in bulk. Food costs on an average 50 to 75 per cent. more when purchased in small quantities. Select a grocer who keeps his goods in sanitary condition and who will sell in bulk; then do your purchasing from him on a large scale and extend the sanitary care to your own storeroom.

Buying foods high in price but low in food value. Asparagus, canned or fresh, is not as nourishing, for instance, as canned corn or beans. Strawberries out of season do not compare with dates, figs or raisins which are to be had at all times.

Buying without planning menus. By this carelessness foods are often purchased which do not combine well, and therefore do not appeal to the appetite, and so are wasted. Unplanned meals also lead to an unconscious extravagance in buying and an unnecessary accumulation of left-overs.

Buying foreign brands when domestic brands are cheaper and often better.

Leaving the trimmings from meats and poultry at the butcher's. Bring these home and fry out the fatty portions for dripping; use all other parts for the stock pot.

Having purchased for nutriment and in sufficiently large quantities to secure bulk rates, careful storage is the next step in the prevention of waste. Flour, cereals and meals become wormy if they are not kept in clean, covered utensils and in a cool place. Milk becomes sour, especially in summer. This can be prevented by scalding it as soon as received, cooling quickly, and storing in a cold place in covered, well-scalded receptacles. Sour milk should not be thrown out. It is good in biscuits, gingerbread, salad dressings, cottage cheese, pancakes or waffles, and bread making.

Meats should not be left in their wrappings. Much juice soaks into the paper, which causes a loss of flavor and nutriment. Store all meat in a cool place and do not let flies come in contact with it.

Bread often molds, especially in warm, moist weather. Trim off moldy spots and heat through. Keep the bread box sweet by scalding and sunning once a week.

Cheese molds. Keep in a cool, dry place. If it becomes too dry for table use, grate for sauces or use in scalloped dishes.

Winter vegetables wilt and dry out. Store in a cool place. If cellar space permits, place in box of sand, sawdust or garden earth.

Potatoes and onions sprout. Cut off the sprouts as soon as they appear and use for soup. Soak, before using, vegetables which have sprouted.

Fruits must be stored carefully so as to keep the skins unbroken. Broken spots in the skin cause rapid decay. Do not permit good fruit to remain in contact with specked or rotted fruit. Stored fruit should be looked over frequently and all specked or rotted fruit removed. Sweet potatoes are an exception. Picking over, aggravates the trouble. See that these vegetables are carefully handled at all times; if rot develops, remove only those that can be reached without danger of bruising the sound roots. Sweet potatoes may also be stored like fruit by spreading over a large surface and separating the tubers so that they do not touch each other.

Berries should be picked over as soon as received and spread on a platter or a large surface to prevent crushing and to allow room for circulation of air.

Lettuce and greens wilt. Wash carefully as soon as received and use the coarse leaves for soup. Shake the water from the crisp portions and store in a paper bag in a cold refrigerator.

Lemons when cut often grow moldy before they are used. When lemons are spoiling, squeeze out the juice, make a syrup of one cup of sugar and one cup of water, boil ten minutes and add lemon juice in any amount up to one cup. Bring to boiling point and bottle for future use. This bottled juice may be used for puddings, beverages, etc. If only a small amount of juice is needed, prick one end of a lemon with a fork. Squeeze out the amount needed and store the lemon in the ice-box.

When we come to waste caused by careless preparation we may be reminded of the miracle of the loaves and fishes—how all the guests were fed and then twelve baskets were gathered up. Often after preparation that which is gathered up to be thrown away is as large in quantity and as high in food value as the portions used.

Vegetables are wasted in preparation by too thick paring, the discarding of coarse leaves such as are found on lettuce, cabbage and cauliflower, discarding wilted parts which can be saved by soaking, throwing away tips and roots of celery and the roots and ends of spinach and dandelions. All these waste products can be cooked tender, rubbed through a sieve and used with stock for vegetable soup, or with skimmed milk for cream soup. Such products are being conserved by the enemy, even to the onion skin, which is ground into bread-making material.

Throwing away the water in which vegetables have been cooked wastes their characteristic and valuable element—the mineral salts. Cooking them so much that they become watery; under-cooking so that they are hard and indigestible; cooking more than is required for a meal; failing to use left-over portions promptly as an entree or for cream soups or scalloped dishes—all these things mean an appalling waste of valuable food material. Good food material is also lost when the water in which rice or macaroni or other starchy food has been boiled is poured down the kitchen sink. Such water should be used for soup making.

Fruits are wasted by throwing away the cores and skins, which can be used for making sauces, jams and jellies, the latter being sweetened with corn syrup instead of sugar.

Rhubarb is wasted by removing the pink skin from young rhubarb, which should be retained to add flavor and color-attractiveness to the dish.

Raw food in quantity is frequently left in the mixing bowl, while by the use of a good flexible knife or spatula every particle can be saved. A large palette knife is as good in the kitchen as in the studio.

The next step in food preparation is cooking, and tons of valuable material are wasted through ignorance of the principles of cooking.

Bad cooking, which means under-cooking, over-cooking or flavorless cooking, renders food inedible, and inedible food contributes to world shortage. Fats are wasted in cooking by being burned and by not being carefully utilized as dripping and shortening. The water in which salt meat, fresh meat, or poultry has been boiled should be allowed to cool and the fat removed before soup is made of it. Such fat can be used, first of all, in cooking, and then any inedible portions can be used in soap making.

Tough odds and ends of meat not sightly enough to appear on the table are often wasted. They can be transformed by long cooking into savory stews, ragouts, croquettes and hashes, whereas, if carelessly and insufficiently cooked, they are unpalatable and indigestible. Scraps of left-over cooked meat should be ground in the food-chopper and made into appetizing meat balls, hashes or sandwich paste. If you happen to have a soft cooked egg left over, boil it hard at once. It can be used for garnishes, sauces, salads or sandwich paste.

Use all bits of bread, that cannot be used as toast, in puddings, croquettes, scalloped dishes or to thicken soup.

Don't throw away cold muffins and fancy breads. Split and toast them for next day's breakfast.

Foods that survive the earlier forms of waste are often lost at table by the serving of portions of like size to all members of the family. The individual food requirements differ according to age, sex, vocation and state of health. Each should be considered before the food is served, then there will be no waste on the plates when the meal is over. The following table, showing the daily requirement of calories for men and women in various lines of work, illustrates this point:

WOMEN CALORIES Sedentary work ... 2,400 Active work ... 2,700 Hard manual labor ... 3,200 MEN CALORIES Sedentary work ... 2,700 Active work ... 3,450 Hard manual labor ... 4,150

Although the serving of food should be carefully planned so as to prevent waste, care should be taken that growing children have ample food. It is a mistake to suppose that a growing child can be nourished on less than a sedentary adult. A boy of fourteen who wants to eat more than his father probably needs all that he asks for. We must not save on the children; but it will be well to give them plain food for the most part, which will not tempt them to overeat, and tactfully combat pernickety, overfastidious likes and dislikes.

The United States Food Administration is preaching the gospel of the clean plate, and this can be accomplished by serving smaller portions, insisting that all food accepted be eaten; by keeping down bread waste, cutting the bread at the table a slice at a time as needed; by cooking only sufficient to supply moderately the number to be fed, and no more. It is a false idea of good providing that platters must leave the table with a generous left-over. Waste of cooked food is a serious item in household economy, and no matter how skillfully leftovers are utilized, it is always less expensive and more appetizing to provide fresh-cooked foods at each meal.

One would think that with the various uses to which all kinds of foodstuffs may be put that there would be little left for the yawning garbage pail. But the Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture is responsible for the statement that $750,000,000 worth of food has been wasted annually in the American kitchen. Undoubtedly a large part of this wastefulness was due to ignorance on the part of the housewife, and the rest of it to the lack of co-operation on the part of the employees who have handled the food but not paid the bills.

According to a well-known domestic scientist, the only things which should find their way to the garbage pail are:

Egg shells—after being used to clear coffee. Potato skins—after having been cooked on the potato. Banana skins—if there are no tan shoes to be cleaned. Bones—after having been boiled in soup kettle. Coffee grounds—if there is no garden where they can be used for fertilizer, or if they are not desired as filling for pincushions. Tea leaves—after every tea-serving, if they are not needed for brightening carpets or rugs when swept. Asparagus ends—after being cooked and drained for soup. Spinach, etc.—decayed leaves and dirty ends of roots.

If more than this is now thrown away, you are wasting the family income and not fulfilling your part in the great world struggle. Your government says that it is your business to know what food your family needs to be efficient; that you must learn how to make the most of the foods you buy; that it is your duty to learn the nature and uses of various foods and to get the greatest possible nourishment out of every pound of food that comes to your home.

The art of utilizing left-overs is an important factor in this prevention of waste. The thrifty have always known it. The careless have always ignored it. But now as a measure of home economy as well as a patriotic service, the left-over must be handled intelligently.

The following recipes show how to make appetizing dishes from products that heretofore in many homes have found their way to the extravagant pail.

In these recipes, sauces are prominent because they are of great value in making foods of neutral flavor, especially the starchy winter vegetables, and rice, macaroni and hominy, as attractive as they are nutritious; salads are included, since these serve to combine odds and ends of meats and vegetables; gelatine dishes are provided because gelatine serves as a binder for all kinds of leftovers and is an extremely practical way of making the most rigid saving acceptable; desserts made of crumbs of bread and cake, or left-over cereals, are among the major economies if they are worked out in such a way that they do not involve the extravagant use of other foodstuffs. All the recipes in this economy cook-book have been thoughtfully adapted to the conditions of the time, and will show the practical housekeeper how to supply wholesome, flavorsome food for the least cost.

SAUCES MAKE LEFTOVERS ATTRACTIVE

WHITE SAUCE

¼ cup flour ¼ cup fat 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 1½ cups milk

Melt fat. Add dry ingredients and a little of the milk. Bring to boiling point. Continue adding milk a little at a time until all is added. Serve with vegetables, fish, eggs, meats.

WHITE SAUCE WITH CHEESE

½ cup cheese (cream or American) added to 1½ cups white sauce

Excellent to serve with macaroni, hominy or vegetables.

WHITE SAUCE WITH SHRIMPS

½ cup shrimps ¼ teaspoon salt 1 cup white sauce

Serve on toast, or with starchy vegetables.

WHITE SAUCE WITH HORSERADISH AND PIMENTO

¼ cup horseradish 1 tablespoon chopped pimento 1 cup white sauce

Serve with boiled beef, hot or cold, or with cold roast beef.

WHITE SAUCE WITH EGG

1 cup white sauce 2 sliced hard-cooked eggs ⅛ teaspoon cayenne ⅛ teaspoon salt

Excellent for spinach and vegetables, or fish.

BROWN SAUCE

¼ cup fat ⅓ cup flour 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon of cayenne 1½ cups brown stock, or 1½ cups water and 2 bouillon cubes ½ teaspoon Worcestershire sauce

Melt fat until brown. Add flour. Heat until brown. Add liquid gradually, letting come to boiling point each time before adding more liquid. When all is added, 1 teaspoon kitchen bouquet may be added if darker color is desired.

BROWN SAUCE WITH OLIVES

1 cup brown sauce 3 tablespoons chopped olives

Make brown sauce as given in foregoing recipe, then while it is hot stir in the chopped olives, and serve.

BROWN SAUCE WITH PEANUTS

1 cup brown sauce ¼ cup chopped peanuts ⅛ teaspoon salt

A good sauce to serve with rice, macaroni, hominy or other starchy foods. It supplies almost a meat flavor to these rather insipid foods.

MUSHROOM SAUCE

1 cup brown sauce ½ cup chopped mushrooms

Add mushrooms to fat and flour before adding liquid. If fresh mushrooms are used, cook for two or three minutes after adding liquid.

VEGETABLE SAUCES

¼ cup fat ¼ cup flour 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 2 cups vegetable stock, or 1 cup vegetable stock 1 cup milk.

Vegetable stock is the water in which any vegetable is cooked. Make as white sauce.

DRAWN BUTTER SAUCE

⅓ cup butter substitute ¼ cup flour ½ teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 1 cup boiling water 2 tablespoons chopped parsley

Make as white sauce, reserving 2 tablespoons of the fat to add just before serving.

TOMATO SAUCE

¼ cup fat ¼ cup flour 1 teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne 1 teaspoon Worcestershire 1 teaspoon onion juice 1½ cups tomato

Melt fat; add dry ingredients and gradually the liquid, letting sauce come to boiling point each time before adding more liquid.

FRUIT SAUCE FOR PUDDING

¼ cup fat ½ cup milk ½ cup powdered sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla, or 1 tablespoon brandy 1 cup mashed cooked fruit

Mix thoroughly. Let chill and serve with steamed or baked pudding.

COCOANUT SAUCE

½ cup milk ½ cup cocoanut and milk 2 tablespoons corn syrup 2 tablespoons cornstarch 1 teaspoon vanilla

Mix ingredients. Bring to boiling point over direct fire. Cook over hot water 20 minutes. Use with leftover stale cake, baked or steamed puddings. If canned cocoanut containing milk is used, plain milk may be omitted.

MOLASSES SAUCE

1 cup molasses 2 tablespoons fat 1 tablespoon flour, plus 1 tablespoon cold water 1½ tablespoons vinegar

Mix together. Bring to boiling point and serve with any pudding.

FRENCH SAUCE

1 cup (crystal) corn syrup ⅛ teaspoon salt 1 egg ½ cup water 1 tablespoon cream 1 teaspoon vanilla

Beat egg light. Pour on gradually the hot corn syrup and water, beating egg with eggbeater. Add cream and vanilla. Serve at once.

SPICE SAUCE

½ cup corn syrup 1 egg ⅓ cup milk ½ teaspoon cinnamon ½ teaspoon nutmeg ½ teaspoon vanilla

Mix corn syrup and spices. Add beaten yolks and milk. Cook over hot water until thick. Add vanilla and beaten whites. Serve hot or cold.

MAPLE SPICE SAUCE

3 tablespoons fat ⅓ cup maple sugar 2 eggs ½ teaspoon cinnamon ½ teaspoon allspice ½ teaspoon vanilla ⅓ cup milk

Cream fat, sugar and spices. Add beaten yolks and milk. Cook in double boiler until thick. Add vanilla and beaten whites. Serve hot or cold.

TOMATO SAUCE WITH CHEESE

1 cup tomato sauce ½ cup grated cheese

Add cheese while sauce is hot and just before serving. Do not boil sauce after adding cheese.

MEXICAN SAUCE

To one cup tomato sauce, add

2 tablespoons chopped green pepper 3 tablespoons chopped celery 3 tablespoons chopped carrot

HARD SAUCE

⅓ cup butter substitute or hydrogenated oil ⅓ cup corn syrup ⅓ cup sugar 1 teaspoon flavoring

Cream all together. This method reduces the necessary sugar two-thirds.

LEMON OR ORANGE SAUCE

½ cup corn syrup 1 tablespoon fat ¼ cup lemon juice 1 teaspoon lemon rind 2 tablespoons cornstarch 3 tablespoons lemon juice ½ cup orange juice 2 teaspoons orange rind 1 tablespoon flour 1 tablespoon water

Mix ingredients. Bring to boiling point and serve.

CRANBERRY SAUCE WITH RAISINS

1 cup cranberries 1 cup water 1 cup corn syrup ½ cup raisins or nuts 2 tablespoons fat

Cook cranberries in water until they are soft and the water is almost entirely absorbed. Add other ingredients and cook about 20 minutes slowly until thick enough to use as sauce.

THE USE OF GELATINE IN COMBINING LEFTOVERS

LEFTOVER FRUIT MOLD

2 tablespoons cold water 2 tablespoons gelatine

Let stand until gelatine is soft. Add 1 pint boiling water, or fruit juice from canned fruit.

¼ cup lemon juice ⅔ cup corn syrup, or ½ cup sugar

Stir until gelatine is dissolved. Add 1 cup leftover fruit. Place in mold which has been dipped in cold water. Stir occasionally while hardening so fruit does not settle to the bottom. Or a little gelatine may be poured in mold and allowed to grow almost hard; then some fruit arranged on it and more gelatine poured in. Repeat until mold is filled; then chill, and turn out carefully.

MOLDED VEGETABLE SALAD

1½ cups boiling tomato juice and pulp 2 tablespoons cold water 2 tablespoons gelatine 1 teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon paprika ¼ teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 2 cups of any one vegetable, or of mixed vegetables

Soften gelatine in the cold water. Add other ingredients and chill. Stir once or twice while chilling so vegetables do not settle to the bottom.

MOLDED MEAT OR FISH LOAF

2 tablespoons gelatine 2 tablespoons cold water 1 cup boiling gravy, tomato juice, or 1 cup boiling water into which 1 bouillon cube has been dissolved 1 cup left-over meat or fish chopped fine 1 cup chopped celery or cooked vegetable 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

Soften gelatine in cold water. Add other ingredients. Stir until gelatine is dissolved. Pour into mold dipped into cold water. Chill. Stir once or twice while hardening so meat does not settle to the bottom. Serve with salad dressing.

RICE IMPERIAL

1 cup cooked rice 1 cup corn syrup 1 tablespoon gelatine 2 tablespoons water ½ cup cherries or other cooked fruit ½ cup nuts ½ cup juice of fruit

Chill and serve.

CREAM SALAD MOLD

1 cup cooked salad dressing 2 tablespoons gelatine 2 cups any left-over fish, meat or vegetables 2 tablespoons cold water

Use any well-seasoned salad dressing. Soften the gelatine in the cold water. Dissolve over boiling water. Add to salad dressing. Add other ingredients well seasoned and chill.

CHEESE MOLD

1 pint cottage cheese ½ cup pimento or green pepper 1 cup milk 2 teaspoons salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne 2 tablespoons granulated gelatine 4 tablespoons cold water

Soften gelatine in the cold water. Dissolve over hot water. Add all ingredients. Mix thoroughly and place in mold which has been rinsed with cold water. When firm, serve as salad.

FRUIT SPONGE

2 tablespoons gelatine softened in ⅓ cup cold water 1 pint clabbered milk, or fruit juice 1 cup sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla 1 cup crushed fruit 2 egg whites

Mix gelatine with milk. Add sugar. When it begins to thicken, beat with rotary beater. Add vanilla and fruit. Fold in egg whites and turn into mold. Apple sauce, strawberries, rhubarb, pineapple or raspberries may be used.

ORIENTAL SALAD

1 tablespoon gelatine 2 cups boiling water ¾ cup sugar ½ cup lemon juice ½ cup grated cocoanut 2 cups apples, chopped 1 cup celery ½ cup chopped nuts 3 pimentoes 1 tablespoon grated onion ⅓ teaspoon salt

Soften gelatine in 2 tablespoons cold water, then dissolve in the boiling water, but do not cook after gelatine is put in. Add all other ingredients. Mold and chill. Serve with cooked or mayonnaise salad dressing, plain or on lettuce leaves.

SALADS PROVIDE AN EASY METHOD OF USING LEFTOVERS

MIXED VEGETABLE SALAD

1 cup cooked potatoes 1 cup cooked carrots 1 cup cooked peas 1 cup cooked beets

Make a French dressing of

½ cup oil ½ teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons vinegar ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

Mix dressing thoroughly and pour over the vegetables. If vegetables are kept in different bowls instead of mixed together, the flavor of the salad is improved. Any vegetable may be used in this way. Let stand 30 minutes. When ready to serve, place each portion in a nest made of two lettuce leaves or other salad, green. If desired, cooked dressing may be mixed with the vegetable in place of French dressing, or may be served with it.

EGYPTIAN SALAD

1 cup left-over baked beans, cooked dried peas, or beans or lentils, or cooked rice, rice. 1 cup chopped celery 3 tablespoons chopped pepper 3 tablespoons chopped pickle 1 cup cooked salad dressing

Mix ingredients thoroughly and let stand 30 minutes to blend flavor thoroughly.

CABBAGE, PEANUT AND APPLE SALAD

2 cups chopped cabbage 1 cup peanuts 1 cup chopped apples 1 cup salad dressing

Mix ingredients and serve with French dressing. This salad looks very appetizing when served in cups made of hollowed out red apples, the pulp removed being used in the salad.

CHEESE SALAD

1 cup American or cream cheese 2 tablespoons vinegar ⅓ cup oil ½ teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 2 tablespoons chopped olives 3 tablespoons chopped nuts

Blend all ingredients thoroughly. Shape as desired and chill. Serve with French dressing. (If American cheese is used, grate or cut fine.)

FRUIT SALAD

Left-over small portions of fruits may be blended in almost any combination to form a salad. Plain French dressing or French dressing made with fruit juice in place of vinegar, or cooked dressing or mayonnaise may be combined with the fruit. Bananas combine well with any other fruit and, being the least expensive fruit, may be used as the basis of fruit salads.

MANDALAY SALAD

1 cup cooked peas or carrots 1 cup cooked cold rice

Mix with dressing made of

⅓ cup oil 1 tablespoon vinegar ¼ teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne ¼ teaspoon curry powder

Mix all ingredients; serve cold, either plain, on lettuce leaves, or in nests made of cabbage or celery.

POTATO SALAD

2 cups potatoes from fresh-cooked, or left-over baked, boiled or mashed potatoes. ¼ cup chopped parsley 1 teaspoon onion juice 1 cup cooked salad dressing 3 tablespoons chopped green pepper may be added if desired.

If mixed while cooked dressing is hot, then chilled, the flavor is much improved.

Left-over mashed potatoes may be combined with cooked corn and green pepper for a delicious salad.

MEAT OR FISH SALAD

1 cup left-over meat or fish 3 tablespoons chopped pickle ½ cup chopped celery 1 cup cooked salad dressing

Mix ingredients thoroughly and serve. If one-quarter cup of French dressing is mixed with meat or fish, 30 minutes before adding other ingredients, the flavor is much improved.

CAULIFLOWER SALAD

1 cup cooked cauliflower 1 cup cooked salad dressing 3 tablespoons chopped pickle 1 tablespoon chopped pimento 1 tablespoon vinegar

Blend ingredients thoroughly and serve. Cauliflower which has been creamed or scalloped may be used, if sauce is carefully rinsed from the vegetable.

CARROT SALAD

Grind raw carrot in food chopper. Make French dressing with chicken fat instead of oil. Mix ingredients and serve.

1 cup raw carrots ½ cup oil (preferably oil from chicken fat) 1 tablespoon vinegar ½ teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon parsley ⅛ teaspoon paprika

HINDU SALAD

2 tablespoons flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 egg ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 2 tablespoons granulated gelatine, plus 2 tablespoons cold water 1 teaspoon mustard 1 teaspoon curry powder 3 tablespoons melted fat 1 cup milk ⅓ cup vinegar 2 cups cooked rice 2 tablespoons chopped olives

Mix dry ingredients, add egg and blend thoroughly. Add melted fat, milk and vinegar. Cook over hot water until thick as custard. Soften gelatine in cold water. Add to the hot dressing. When dissolved add rice and olives, place in mold and chill. Serve plain or with ½ cup French dressing.

THE USE OF STALE BREAD, CAKE, AND LEFTOVER CEREAL

DATE CRUMB PUDDING

1 cup dried crumbs 1 pint hot milk

Let stand until milk is absorbed, then add

¼ teaspoon salt ½ cup molasses ½ teaspoon cinnamon 1 cup dates, cut small 1 egg ½ teaspoon mixed cloves, nutmeg, allspice, ginger

Mix ingredients. Bake 40 minutes in moderately hot oven. This pudding is so well flavored that it does not really require a sauce, but if one is desired the molasses sauce on page *86, or the hard or lemon sauce on page *87 will be found to suit.

FIG PUDDING

¼ lb suet ½ lb chopped figs 1 cup sour apple (cored, pared and chopped) 1 cup milk ½ cup molasses ½ cup corn syrup 1 cup breadcrumbs 2 eggs ⅓ cup flour

Cream suet; add figs, apple and corn syrup. Pour milk over bread. Add yolks, beaten. Combine. Add flour and egg whites. Steam 4 hours.

FRUIT TAPIOCA

¼ cup pearl tapioca ⅓ cup corn syrup, or ¼ cup sugar ⅛ teaspoon salt 1 cup water 1 cup milk 1 cup fruit

Soak tapioca in the water over night. Add the other ingredients except the fruit and cook over hot water until the tapioca is clear. Add fruit and 1 teaspoon vanilla and chill.

RICE FRUIT CUSTARD

⅓ cup rice 1 cup milk ⅓ cup corn syrup 1 teaspoon vanilla ⅛ teaspoon salt 1 egg 1 cup fruit

Cook rice with milk in double boiler 30 minutes. Add other ingredients and cook 10 minutes. Chill and serve.

NUT AND FRUIT PUDDING

1 cup stale breadcrumbs 2 cups scalded milk ½ cup corn syrup ½ cup chopped nuts 2 eggs ⅛ teaspoon salt ½ teaspoon vanilla ¾ cup chopped figs, dates or raisins

Pour scalded milk over breadcrumbs. Beat eggs. Add other ingredients. Bake 25 to 35 minutes in moderate oven.

CHOCOLATE BREAD PUDDING

1 cup crumbs 2 cups milk 1 oz. chocolate ⅓ cup sugar ½ cup corn syrup 2 eggs ⅛ teaspoon salt ½ teaspoon vanilla

Use whites for meringue with 2 tablespoons corn syrup.

CAKE CROQUETTES

1 pint stale cake crumbs 1 cup milk

Soak 1 hour; heat and add

2 yolks of eggs 2 teaspoons vanilla

Chill, shape, roll in eggs and crumbs and brown in frying pan. Serve with hard sauce.

CEREAL FRUIT PUDDING

2 cups milk 1 cup any ready-to-eat cereal 1 egg (beaten) ⅓ cup molasses ½ teaspoon salt ½ teaspoon cinnamon 1 cup raisins, dates or prunes

Mix ingredients. Bake 30 to 40 minutes in moderately hot oven.

SCALLOPED FISH

2 cups crumbs 2 cups fish 2 tablespoons chopped parsley ¼ cup fat ¼ cup flour ⅛ teaspoon pepper 2 teaspoons onion juice 1½ cups milk 1 teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons fat

Melt fat, add dry ingredients and gradually the liquid to make a smooth sauce. Add onion juice, lemon juice, parsley and fish. Mix with crumbs 2 tablespoons fat. Place crumbs on top. Bake in greased pan 25 minutes.

SPANISH CASSEROLE

2 cups cooked rice 1 quart tomatoes ¼ to 1 lb. hamburg steak ⅛ teaspoon pepper 3 teaspoons salt 2 tablespoons onions, chopped ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

Add rice to tomatoes. Add seasoning and meat, browned. Bake in casserole about 2 hours.

PEANUT LOAF

3 cups stale bread crumbs 2 cups milk 2 teaspoons salt ⅛ teaspoon pepper ¼ teaspoon poultry seasoning 1 tablespoon onion juice and pulp 2 eggs 4 teaspoons baking powder 1½ cups chopped peanuts

Add bread to milk; add seasoning, beaten eggs, baking powder, and peanuts. Pour into greased, lined baking tin. Bake in moderate oven 40 minutes.

CHEESE ENTREE

1 cup cooked farina or rice 1 cup cheese 1 cup nuts 1 cup milk ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 1 egg 1 teaspoon salt

Mix ingredients thoroughly. Bake in greased dish 30 minutes.

BEAN LOAF

2 cups cold cooked beans 1 egg beaten 1 cup breadcrumbs ⅛ teaspoon pepper 1 tablespoon minced onion 2 tablespoons catsup ¼ teaspoon salt

Shape into loaf. Bake 25 minutes. Serve with tomato sauce.

ROYAL FRENCH TOAST

Use leftover bread as French toast by dipping in mixture of

1 cup milk 1 tablespoon corn syrup 1 egg beaten

Then brown in frying pan in small amount of fat. Spread with marmalade, jelly, cocoanut, or preserves and serve as dessert.

DRIED FRUIT PUDDING

One cup dried apricots, peaches or prunes soaked two hours in two cups of water. 1 cup bread crumbs ⅔ cup corn syrup 1 teaspoon orange or lemon rind 2 eggs ⅛ teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon lemon juice ½ cup chopped nuts

Mix ingredients. Place in greased baking dish and bake 30 minutes in moderately hot oven.

CHEESE SAUCE ON BREAD

¼ cup fat 1 pint milk 2 qts. milk ¼ cup flour ¼ teaspoon cayenne 1 cup cheese

Make as white sauce and add cheese. Pour over bread, sliced and toasted. Bake in moderate oven.

SURPRISE CEREAL

3 cups dried breadcrumbs 3 tablespoons maple syrup ½ teaspoon salt

Mix thoroughly and place in moderately hot oven for 20 minutes, stirring frequently. Remove and serve as breakfast food. Very inexpensive and delicious. Graham, corn or oatmeal bread is best for this purpose, but any bread may be used.

SURPRISE CROQUETTES

1 cup leftover cereal 1 cup chopped peanuts ½ cup dried breadcrumbs 1 beaten egg

Shape as croquettes and bake in oven or pan-broil. Serve with tart jelly.

CHEESE STRAWS

1 cup stale bread ⅛ teaspoon cayenne ½ cup grated cheese ¼ cup milk ⅔ cup flour ¼ teaspoon salt

Make into dough; roll ¼ inch thick. Cut into strips 6 inches long and ½ inch wide. Place on baking sheet. Bake 20 minutes in moderate oven. Serve with soup, salad, or pastry.

SOUPS UTILIZE LEFTOVERS

In nearly every case when meat is purchased, some bone is paid for. Too frequently this is either left at the market or thrown away in the home. Bones, gristle, tough ends, head and feet of chickens, head, fins and bones of fish, etc., should be utilized for making soup.

If a meat or fish chowder with plenty of vegetable accompaniment is served, no other meat is required for the usual home meal.

If a cream of dried or fresh vegetables, or a meat stock soup with plenty of vegetables or cereal content, is served, the amount of meat eaten with the main course of the meal will be materially lessened.

Soups may be a most economical method of using water in which meat, fish or vegetables have been cooked; also of utilizing small portions of leftover meats, fish, vegetables or cereal.

Cream soups are made by cooking vegetables or cereal, then utilizing the water in which they are cooked as part of the liquid for the soup. Outer parts or wilted parts of vegetables may be utilized for soups instead of being discarded. Water in which ham or mutton has been boiled makes an excellent basis for dried or fresh vegetable soups. In fact, soup can be made from all kinds of leftovers—the variety and kind make little difference so long as the mixture is allowed to simmer for several hours and is properly seasoned.

CREAM SOUP

⅓ cup fat ⅓ cup flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup cereal or vegetable ¼ teaspoon cayenne 1 pt. milk 1 pt. water, in which vegetable or cereal was cooked, or leftover water in which meat was cooked.

Melt fat, add dry ingredients and, gradually, liquid. When at boiling point, add vegetables or cereal and serve.

MEAT STOCK

Leftover bits of meat, bone, or gristle may be used alone or with some fresh meat and bone from shin or neck.

To each 1 lb. of meat and bone, add 1 qt. cold water. Let stand 1 hour. Cover and bring slowly to boiling point and simmer 2 to 3 hours. Remove bones and meat. Let stand until cold. Skim off fat. Add vegetables cut in small pieces, season as desired and cook until vegetables are tender. Leftover cereals, as barley, oatmeal, etc., vegetables, macaroni, tapioca, sago, etc., etc., may be added for increased food value.

TOMATO GUMBO SOUP

Bones and gristle from chicken or turkey 2 qts. cold water 1 cup okra 1 tablespoon chopped pimento 1½ teaspoons salt ½ cup rice 2 tablespoons fat 1½ cups tomatoes ¼ cup chopped parsley

Soak bones and gristle in the cold water 1 hour. Then boil slowly 1 hour, in same water. Strain out the bones and gristle and add other ingredients to the liquor. Boil this mixture slowly ¾ hour and serve.

LEGUME SOUP

1 cup dried peas, beans or lentils 3 qts. cold water 1 tablespoon onion pulp 1 ham bone or ½ pound smoked sausage 1 teaspoon celery salt 2 teaspoons salt 2 tablespoons flour, plus 2 tablespoons cold water ¼ teaspoon pepper 1 cup tomato

Wash and soak dried legume over night. In morning drain, add water, ham bone or sausage and cook very slowly until tender. Add other ingredients, cook ½ hour and serve.

VEGETABLE SOUP

1 qt. boiling water ½ cup carrots ½ cup cabbage 1 cup potatoes 1 cup tomato juice and pulp 1 tablespoon minced onion ¼ teaspoon pepper 4 tablespoons fat 4 cloves 1 bayleaf 2 teaspoons salt 4 peppercorns 2 tablespoons chopped parsley

Heat onion, pepper, salt, bayleaf and peppercorns with tomatoes for 20 minutes. Strain. To juice and pulp add other ingredients and cook slowly 1 hour. Add parsley just before serving.

CREAM OF CARROT SOUP

2 cups diced carrots 2 cups water 1 cup milk ⅛ teaspoon pepper 2 tablespoons fat 2 tablespoons flour 1 teaspoon salt

Cook the carrots in the water until tender. Melt the fat, add dry ingredients, add gradually the 1 cup water in which the carrots were cooked and the milk. When at boiling point, serve with a little grated raw carrot sprinkled over top of soup. Any vegetable, raw or cooked, may be used in the same way, as cauliflower, cabbage, peas, turnips, etc.

SALMON CHOWDER

1 cup cooked or canned fish 1 cup cooked potato, diced 1 cup peas 2 tablespoons fat 2 tablespoons flour 1½ teaspoons salt ¼ teaspoon paprika 2 cups milk 1 cup water from boiled potatoes 2 tablespoons chopped parsley 1 teaspoon onion juice

Melt fat, add dry ingredients and gradually the liquid. When at boiling point, add parsley and serve.

CHEESE CREAM SOUP

1 cup cheese 2 cups milk 2 tablespoons fat 1¼ teaspoons salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne ½ teaspoon celery salt 3 tablespoons flour

Melt fat, add dry ingredients and gradually the liquid. When at boiling point and just ready to serve add cheese. Any kind of cheese may be used for this purpose.

BEAN SOUP

1 cup beans 1 quart water 1 tablespoon onion juice ¼ teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 1 cup brown stock ¼ teaspoon celery salt 2 teaspoons salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne 1 hard cooked egg 1 lemon, sliced ¼ teaspoon mustard 2 tablespoons flour, plus 2 tablespoons cold water

Soak beans over night, drain. Place in 1 quart of fresh cold water and cook until very tender. Add other ingredients and bring to boiling point. Slice thin, hard cooked egg and lemon from which seeds have been removed and serve with each portion. Do not remove lemon rind as this gives a piquant flavor.

POTATO AND CHEESE SOUP

2 cups cooked diced potatoes 2 cups water in which potatoes were cooked 1 cup milk 2 teaspoons onion juice 2 tablespoons fat 3 tablespoons flour 1½ teaspoons salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 2 tablespoons of finely chopped parsley ¼ cup grated cheese

Dice potatoes and cook slowly until very tender. Rub through strainer, using potato and 2 cups of the water. Melt fat, add dry ingredients and gradually the liquids and onion juice. When ready to serve, sprinkle parsley and cheese over top.

ALL-IN-ONE-DISH MEALS

NEED ONLY FRUIT OR SIMPLE DESSERT, AND BREAD AND BUTTER TO COMPLETE A WELL-BALANCED MENU

LENTILS WITH RICE AND TOMATOES

¾ cup lentils 1 cup rice 1 quart tomatoes 1 teaspoon Worcestershire 2 teaspoons salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne ¼ teaspoon bay leaf ¼ teaspoon sage

Soak lentils over night; drain; add one quart fresh water and one teaspoon of salt. Cook slowly until tender. Add other ingredients. Steam or bake for 45 minutes.

RICE, TOMATOES, GREEN PEPPER AND BEEF

½ cup cooked rice 1 pint tomatoes ⅓ cup green pepper chopped 2 cups fresh or left-over cooked meat 2 teaspoons salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne

Mix all ingredients. Bake in greased dish slowly for one hour.

HOMINY AND CURRIED MUTTON WITH BEETS

1 cup hominy which has been soaked over night, drained 1 quart fresh water and 1 teaspoon of salt added; cook until tender 2 cups mutton from shoulder 1 teaspoon kitchen bouquet 1 teaspoon curry 2 cups water 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 1 tablespoon cornstarch 1 cup diced beets 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

Mix all ingredients thoroughly. Bake in covered casserole slowly for one hour. Mutton should be cut in about one-inch pieces.

TAMALE PIE MADE WITH CORNMEAL MUSH, MEAT AND CHOPPED PEPPERS

4 cups water 1 cup cornmeal 2 teaspoons salt ⅓ cup chopped peppers 2 cups cooked meat ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

To cornmeal add one-half cup of cold water. Boil three cups of water and add cornmeal. Boil five minutes. Add other ingredients. Cook in greased baking dish for one hour.

BAKED SOY BEANS WITH GREENS AND TOMATO

1 pint soy beans ¼ lb. salt pork ½ teaspoon soda ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 1 onion 1½ tablespoons salt ¾ cup molasses ¾ tablespoon mustard Boiling water (about one quart) 1 pint tomatoes 2 cups cooked spinach

Soak beans over night; drain. Cover with fresh water and the soda and boil, until skins break, but do not let beans become broken. Cut rind from salt pork and cut into six or eight pieces. To 1 cup of boiling water add the cayenne, salt, molasses, mustard and tomatoes. In bottom of bean pot place the onion and a piece of salt pork. Add beans. Pour over this the seasonings. Cover the beans with boiling water. Bake three hours covered. Uncover, put spinach to which has been added 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 tablespoon of vinegar, one-eighth teaspoon of pepper, on top. Bake 30 minutes and serve.

CASSEROLE OF KIDNEY BEANS, SALT PORK AND SPINACH

One cup of kidney beans, soak over night; drain. Cover with fresh water. Add 2 teaspoons of salt, cook in small amount of water until tender. Force through colander. Measure 1½ cups and add one-quarter pound salt pork chopped fine, 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce, 1 cup of water or meat stock or gravy.

Place half of mixture in greased baking dish. Cover with two cups of spinach, to which has been added one-quarter cup of vinegar, 2 tablespoons of fat and one-half teaspoon of salt. Cover with other half of bean mixture. Bake 20 minutes.

SCALLOPED MACARONI WITH PEAS IN TOMATO AND CHEESE SAUCE

1 cup macaroni 1 cup peas 1 pint tomatoes, juice and pulp 1 cup grated cheese ¼ cup fat ¼ cup flour 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

Cook macaroni until tender in one quart of boiling water and one teaspoon of salt; drain. Melt fat, add flour, salt and cayenne. Gradually add tomatoes and when at boiling point remove from fire, add cheese and peas. Place macaroni in greased baking dish, pour sauce over it and bake 30 minutes.

CURRIED RICE WITH CORN AND CHEESE IN BROWN SAUCE

½ cup rice 1 cup cheese 1 cup corn 1½ cup milk ¼ cup fat ¼ cup flour 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne

Melt fat until brown. Add flour and seasonings. Heat until brown. Add milk gradually. When at boiling point add other ingredients. Place in baking dish and bake 45 minutes.

FISH AND VEGETABLE CHOWDER

3 lbs. fish 2 cups diced potatoes ⅓ cup chopped onion ½ cup chopped salt pork 1 teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 1 cup peas 2 cups cold water 2 tablespoons fat 2 tablespoons flour 1 cup diced carrots 1 pint scalded milk

Cut fish into small pieces. Cover bones, fins and head with cold water. Simmer 15 minutes; strain. Cook onion and salt pork until brown. In kettle place layers of fish and mixed vegetables. To water in which bones, etc., have been cooked, add the seasonings. Mix all ingredients. Cook forty minutes, slowly, covered.

SAMP, FINAN HADDIE WITH HORSERADISH AND TOMATOES

1 smoked haddock 1 cup samp, which has been soaked over night and cooked until tender 1 quart water and 1 teaspoon of salt 2 teaspoons horseradish (grated) 1 pint tomatoes 1 teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon cayenne 2 tablespoons cornstarch

Pour 1 cup of boiling water and one-half cup of boiling milk over fish. Let stand one-half hour, pour off liquid. Place fish in baking dish. Place samp on fish. Mix other ingredients and pour on top. Cover and bake three-quarters of an hour.

CASSEROLE OF SPAGHETTI AND CARROTS WITH PEANUTS, IN BROWN SAUCE

1 cup cooked spaghetti 2 cups brown stock 2 cups water, or 2 bouillon cubes 2 tablespoons flour 2 teaspoons salt ½ cup chopped peanuts 1 cup diced carrots 3 tablespoons chopped olives

Blend flour with 2 tablespoons cold water. Dissolve bouillon cubes in the boiling water. Mix all ingredients. Place in casserole and bake 45 minutes or until spaghetti is tender.

LENTIL, PEANUT AND CHEESE ROAST WITH WHITE SAUCE AND OLIVES

1 cup cooked lentils 1 cup chopped peanuts 1 cup grated cheese 1 cup bread crumbs 1 tablespoon fat 2 tablespoons lemon juice ½ teaspoon salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 1 teaspoon onion juice

Mix all. Place in a greased dish. Bake 30 minutes. Then pour over top a sauce made by melting 2 tablespoons of fat, adding 2 tablespoons flour, one-half teaspoon of salt and one-eighth teaspoon cayenne. Then add 1 cup of milk gradually. When at boiling point add 3 tablespoons of chopped olives. Pour this sauce over the roast and bake 20 minutes. Serve at once.

CASSEROLE OF CODFISH, PIMENTO AND CORNMEAL MUSH

1 lb. codfish ⅓ cup pimento 1 cup cornmeal 2 cups tomatoes, juice and pulp 2 teaspoons salt ⅛ teaspoon cayenne 3 cups boiling water

Mix cornmeal with one-half cup of cold water. Add to the boiling water. Boil five minutes. In greased baking dish place fish which has been soaked over night. Place pimento on fish. Place cornmeal on pimento. To tomatoes add seasonings and pour over all. Bake slowly 45 minutes.

CURRIED VEGETABLES

One-half cup dried peas, beans or lentils, soaked over night and cooked until tender.

½ cup turnips ½ cup of carrots 1 cup outer parts of celery ½ cup of peas ½ teaspoon celery salt ⅛ teaspoon pepper 3 tablespoons drippings 3 tablespoons whole wheat flour 1 teaspoon curry powder 1 teaspoon salt ½ cup meat stock or water 1 cup tomato juice and pulp 1 teaspoon onion juice

Melt the fat. Add the seasoning; gradually the liquid. Add the vegetables. Cook 20 minutes. Serve very hot. This is an especially good way of adding the necessary flavor to lentils.

Casserole of Beef and Rice Baked Potatoes Stewed Corn Cabbage Salad Chocolate Cornstarch Pudding

Clam Chowder Spinach and Cheese Loaf Carrots Creamed Cauliflower Oatmeal Nut Bread Spice Pudding Hard Sauce

MEAT SUBSTITUTE DINNERS

Consommé with Spaghetti Cornmeal Muffins Cabbage and Cheese Julienne Potatoes Carrots Dressed Lettuce Jellied Prunes with Nuts Thin Bean Soup Rye Rolls Corn and Oyster Fritters Baked Potato Scalloped Tomato Apple and Celery Salad Graham Pudding with Hard Sauce

Consommé with Tapioca Brown Bread Salmon Loaf or Escalloped Salmon Creamed Potatoes Peas Lettuce Salad Gelatine Dessert Thin Cream of Celery Soup Rye Bread Nut Loaf Brown Sauce Scalloped Potatoes Spinach Lettuce Salad with Tomato Jelly Sago Pudding Scalloped Hominy and Cheese Swiss Chard or Spinach Whole Wheat Bread Stuffed Baked Potato Baked Pears Molasses Cookies Escalloped Codfish Baked Onions Corn Bread Apple Salad Fig and Date Pudding with Tart Jelly Cream of Barley Soup Turkish Pilaf War Muffins Apple and Cabbage Salad Chocolate Bread Pudding Cream of Rice Soup Rye Meal Rolls Kidney Bean Croquette Greens Dried Apricot Butter Oranges, Bananas and Dates Ginger Cookies Bean Soup Welsh Rarebit or a Cheese Dish Natural Rice Tomato Sauce Corn Meal Parker House Rolls Dried Peach Pudding

VEGETABLE DINNERS

Corn Soup Oatmeal Bread Nut Loaf Tomato Sauce Green Beans Potatoes au Gratin Jellied Prunes Boston Roast Tart Jelly Whole Wheat Bread Creamed Cauliflower Squash Cranberry Slump Kidney Beans with Rice Fried Apples with Raisins Celery in Brown Sauce Cornmeal Baking Powder Biscuits Tapioca Cream Baked Beans Boston Brown Bread Spinach Apple and Pimento Salad Gelatine Dessert Cream of Vegetable Soup Lima Bean Croquets Creamed Potatoes Carrots Pickled Beets Cornmeal and Rye Muffins Cottage Pudding Cream of Celery Soup Rye Bread Spinach Loaf Cabbage and Pepper Relish Brown Rice Marmalade Pudding Cream of Tomato Soup Corn Sticks Baked Macaroni and Cheese Baked Sweet Potatoes Eggplant Beet and Cabbage Relish Whole Wheat Bread Apricot Shortcake Hard Sauce

Of our men we ask their lives; Of ourselves, a little less food.

SAVE AND SERVE

TO SAVE BREAD. Serve bread or rolls made from corn, rye or from coarse flours. Use breakfast foods and hot cakes, composed of corn, oatmeal, buckwheat, rice or hominy. Serve no toast as garniture or under meat. Serve war breads. Use every part of the bread, either fresh or stale, for puddings and toast; or dried and sifted for baked croquettes; or use to extend flour in the making of muffins and drop cakes.

TO SAVE MEAT. Use more chicken, hare, rabbits, duck, goose, lobster, oysters, clams and egg and cheese dishes of all kinds. Use less beef, mutton, and pork and serve smaller portions at table of these meats. Have fewer of these items on the menu. Provide more entrees and made-over dishes in which a smaller quantity of meat is extended by the use of potatoes, rice, hominy, etc. Use beans, as they contain nearly the same nutritive value as meat. Serve bacon only as a dish and not as a garniture, and this way not more than once a week. Use cheese, dried vegetables and nuts. Use fish and meat chowders. Use meat extension dishes. Serve vegetable dinners.

TO SAVE SUGAR. Use less candy and sweet drinks. Use honey, maple sugar, corn syrup, molasses and dark syrups with hot cakes and waffles and in all cooking, in order to save butter and sugar. Use all classes of fruit preserves, jam, marmalades and jellies. Do not frost or ice cakes. Serve dried fruits with cereals, and no sugar is needed.

TO SAVE FATS. Serve as few fried dishes as possible, so as to save both butter and lard, and in any event use vegetable oils for frying—that is, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, vegetable oil compounds, etc. Trim all coarse fats from meats before cooking and use the waste fats for shortening and for soap. We are short of soap fats as our supplies of tropical oils used for soap-making are reduced. Do not waste soap. Save fat from soup stock and from boiled meats. Use butter substitutes where possible.

TO SAVE MILK. Use it all. Buy whole milk and let cream rise. Use this cream, and you secure your milk without cost. Economize on milk and cream except for children. Serve buttermilk. Serve cottage cheese regularly in varying forms. It is especially nutritious. Use skimmed milk in cooking. A great quantity of it goes to waste in this country. Use cheese generally. The children must have milk whole, therefore reduce the use of cream.

USE VEGETABLES. Use more vegetables and potatoes. Make fruits and vegetables into salads and attractive dishes. Feature vegetable dinners and salads of all kinds. Encourage the use of cheese with salads. Make all types of salads from vegetables. We have a great surplus of vegetables, and they can be used by substituting them for staples so that the staples most needed will be saved.

Make all kinds of vegetable soups, especially the cream soups, in which the waste from staple vegetables, such as outer leaves and wilted parts, can be utilized. These are wholesome and nutritious and save meat.