ANGIOSPERMÆ (continued 4)

D. sennaarense Schwfth.

Densely hispid undershrub. Stipules cordate, amplexicaul; leaflets 3, central ovate, 3-4 in. long. Racemes stalked; corolla reddish. Pod 1 in. long, joints 4 to 6, lower margin slightly waved.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

D. Scalpe DC.

Erect undershrub. Leaves 3-fol., ovate, 1½-2½ in., the terminal somewhat larger, rhomboidal; flowers light red, in pairs on terminal panicles; pods constricted; joints 3-4, as broad as long, much sinuate.

Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,300 ft.).

D. Dregeanum Benth.

Grey silky undershrub. Leaflets 3. Flowers in short terminal panicles. Pod ½ in. long, slightly waved beneath, 2-4 jointed.

Æthiopia.

D. paleaceum Guill. & Perr.

Semi-woody, erect, 3-4 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central ovate, 3-5 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, stalked; cor. reddish. Pod ab. ¾ in. long, slightly indented below, articulations 4-5, stiff-hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

D. delicatulum A. Rich.

Annual, 9 in. high, silky. Lower leaves simple, upper 3-fol. Racemes terminal, sessile, 2-4 flowered. Pod ab. ½ in. long, 4-6 jointed, glabrous, lower suture indented ⅓ down.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

D. triflorum DC.

Matted, trailing herb. Leaves small, lower ones often 1-fol., otherwise 3-fol., glabrous ab. slightly silky beneath; flowers very small, usually 3 together in axils of leaves; pods up to ½ in. long, slightly constricted on ventral margin, 2-4 jointed.

Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

Would make a good green manure and cover crop.

318Pseudarthria confertiflora Baker.

Erect undershrub. Leaflets 3, terminal one 3-4 in. long, ovate-oblong. Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter often compound. Pod linear, not articulated.

White Nile Prov.

P. Hookeri Wight & Arn.

Undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, downy. Leaflets 3, central obovate, 4-6 in. long. Flowers red, in dense terminal panicles. Pod 1 in. long, linear, torulose, downy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Niamniam-land: Nganye).

P. sp.

Leaflets 3, the central ovate, acute, 5 in. long, 3 in. broad, softly pubescent below, widely crenate. Flowers very small in lax terminal panicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Kulensho).

319Uraria picta Desv.

Semi-shrubby perennial; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7; flowers small, blue, in dense cylindrical spikes, up to 18 in. long.

Banks of the White Nile; Mongalla Prov.: Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

Reported to be a remedy for snakebite in India.

320Alysicarpus monilifer DC. FERAISHA (Kordofan)—Arab.

Diffuse herb. Leaves small, 1-fol., ovate, usually cordate; pods with 2-6 globose, pubescent swellings. Racemes axillary and terminal.

Kordofan Prov.

A. vaginalis DC.

Diffuse herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves up to 2 in. long, 1-fol., variable in shape; pod glabrous, little or not moniliform, ½-¾ in. long. Racemes denser than above.

Nubia; South Kordofan Prov. (Um Durein); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Niamniam-land: by the Ibba River).

A. Zeyheri Hard.

Branched perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaflet 1, cordate-oblong. Racemes terminal, lax, ¾ in. long. Pod under ½ in. long with 3-4 distinct constrictions.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir).

A. rugosus DC. SHELĪNI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Copiously branched herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves 1-fol., linear-oblong; corolla violet purple; pods moniliform, much wrinkled, 2-5 jointed, short.

Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).

321Cicer arietinum Linn. HUMMUS—Arab; Chick Pea or Gram.

Annual, up to 18 in. high. Leaves pinnate, rachis ending in a tendril; leaflets 12-16, deep-dentate. Flowers purple, solitary, axillary. Pod oblong, silky, ¾ in. long.

Cultivated generally.

322Vicia faba Linn. FUL—Arab. The Bean plant.

Cultivated generally.

323Lens esculentus Moench. ’ADS SURGAM (Dongola)—Arab.

Dongola Prov. (Cultivated).

324Lathyrus sativus Linn. GILBAN—Arab. Chickling Vetch.

Herb. Leaves 2-fol., the rachis ending in a tendril. Flowers reddish-purple, solitary, axillary. Pod 1½ in. long, oblong, narrowly winged on each side of the dorsal suture.

Cultivated mainly in North Sudan.

325Abrus precatorius Linn. HABIL ER RUS or HABILARUS—Arab; YAGOMO—Golo.

Twining perennial. Leaves abruptly pinnate, deciduous; leaflets 10-15 pairs; inflorescence shorter than leaves; cor. reddish; pods oblong; seed polished, bright scarlet, tipped with black.

Fung & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

The root is said to be a substitute for liquorice. The seeds are used as a purgative, only small doses being given. They are also used in affections of the eyes. When raw, the seeds are poisonous, but the active principle, Abrin, is destroyed by boiling.

A. pulchellus Willd.

Differs from above by having inflorescence longer than leaves, which have only 5-10 pairs of leaflets; pods linear and seeds black. Cor. pale-purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

A. Schimperi Hochst.

Shrub with slender woody branches; seeds dark brown. Leaflets 12-15 pairs. Racemes lax, 3-4 in. long; cor. reddish.

Nubia (Ronga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

326Clitoria ternatea Linn. ERG EL AGRAB & TAWILA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GRENAME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves imparipinnate, with stipels; 5-7-fol. Flowers large, over 1 in. long; corolla blue (in wild plants light blue); standard very large; pod linear, ab. 3 in. long.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov. (cultivated); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein, White Nile Prov. to Meshra El Zeraf); Upper White Nile Prov.

The root is powerful cathartic, like jalap; the powdered seeds are also purgative. An infusion of leaves is used for eruptions, and the pounded root is applied to scorpion stings.

327Glycine hedysaroides Willd.

Climbing perennial. Leaflets 3. Flowers 4-6 in axillary racemes. Cor. pale red. Pod 1½ in. long, straight, flat, 5-6 seeded.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

G. Borianii Baker.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 1-3 fol.; flowers red, 12-20 in subsessile axillary racemes. Pod linear, silky, 2-seeded.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

G. javanica Linn.

Herbaceous twiner; young shoots very silky. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; corolla bright red, in copious peduncled axillary racemes, linear, nearly straight, silky, 4-6 seeded.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

328Teramnus labialis Spreng.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers small, reddish, in very lax racemes; pods linear up to 2 in. long; tipped with a short stout beak or hook.

Nubia; Fung Prov. (Karkoj); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Kit); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

329Erythrina tomentosa R. Br. ’ZĀN (Baggara), BET EL ARUS & HABILARUS—Arab; SHUMTI (Dilling)—Nuba; ARIENGO—Jur; BANGRIBAKAKE—Zande.

Shrub to middle sized tree with trifol. leaves; flowers orange red, in dense spikes, appearing before the leaves; pods constricted; seeds scarlet.

Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

E. Brucei Schwfth.

Moderate sized tree with short, stout spines on the young stem and branches. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers scarlet, appearing before the leaves; pods constricted.

Khartoum Prov. (Introduced).

E. Dybowskii Hua.

Leaflets very broadly ovate-triangular, emarginate, 3 in. long and about 4 in. broad, softly tomentellous on both surfaces; petioles with reflexed prickles. Pods tomentose, constricted.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

330Mucuna pruriens DC. KOPA—Zande. Cow-Itch.

Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels, pubescent above, with dense silvery hair beneath. Flowers large, dark purple, in drooping racemes; pods up to 3 in. long, covered with orange-brown irritant hairs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, also Niamniam-land).

The young pods are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, but when ripe they are covered with hairs which are exceedingly irritating. Various medicinal properties are attributed to the roots and seeds.

331Canavalia virosa Wight & Arn.

Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; flowers nearly white to bright pink; pod 4 in. long by 1½ in. wide, thickened on either side of the dorsal suture.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Yokko).

C. regalis Dunn. TAMBUI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels; pods up to 9 in. long, thickened on either side of the dorsal suture; seeds nearly 1 in. long, deep pink.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

In the Bahr El Ghazal bracelets of strung seed are worn to bring luck in the chase.

C. ensiformis DC. LUBIA EL FIL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; BOLUKI (Dilling)—Nuba; NZERAHNA—Krej.

Strong herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers pink; pod about 6 in. long with a rib on either side of the dorsal suture; seeds dark.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

The Sword Bean, wild and cultivated.

332Phaseolus lunatus Linn. Lima, Burma, Sugar, or Butter Bean.

Twining herb. Leaves 3-fol., central leaflet ovate-deltoid, 4 in. long. Racemes axillary; cor. violet. Pod 3 in. long, flat, broad crescent-shaped.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Cultivated).

The ripe seeds contain Prussic acid, which is, however, destroyed in cooking.

P. Mungo Linn. GESHARINGEIK (Sudan) & KASHARINGI (Egypt)—Arab; BAKWA—Bongo; ABAGPA—Zande.

Sub-erect annual, yellowish hairy. Leaflets 3. Racemes axillary, 4-6 flowered; cor. yellowish. Pod linear, terete 2 in. long, tawny hairy.

Cultivated.

In Basutoland the seeds are used by the natives to mature boils, abscesses, etc. The seeds are chewed and applied to the sore. The green pods and seeds are used for food, and the whole plant for fodder.

P. adenanthus E. Meyer.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; flowers pink; pod 5-6 in. long and over ½ in. wide; seeds 12-16, almost circular, black.

Nubia; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.

The tuberous root is eaten in India.

P. vulgaris Linn. LUBIA KHADRA or LUBIA HAMRA—Arab. The Kidney, French, or Haricot Bean.

Climbing annual. Leaflets 3. Peduncles in pairs, 2-3-flowered; cor. white or lilac. Pod 5 in. long, straight.

Cultivated.

P. stenocarpus Harms.

Twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1½-2 in. long, glabrous. Flowers very small. Pods linear, falcate, 3 in. long, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Kulengo).

P. trilobus Ait.

Prostrate perennial. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets deeply sinuate-lobate; stipules peltately attached; pod 1-1½ in. long, linear. Flowers 2-4 on 3-6 in. long peduncles, reddish.

Cultivated.

Yields pulse.

P. sp.

Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate, mucronate, 4-5 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, laxly reticulate, minutely setulose. Flowers and fruits not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab; in Sudd, Schwfth. 1133).

333Vigna incana Taub.

Undershrub, silky-tomentose all over. Leaves appearing after flowering. Peduncles elongate, 2-flowered. Flowers subsessile. Pod terete, silky.

Darfur Prov. (J. Kurku).

V. membranacea A. Rich.

Herbaceous twiner, thinly grey-silky. Leaflets 3, membranous, ovate-rhomboidal, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers 2-4 on slender flexuose peduncles, 1-2 in. long; cor. pink. Pod linear straight, subterete, 2½ in. long.

Nubia.

V. golungensis Baker.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., with stipels; flowers yellow, 2-4 on 6-9 in. long peduncle.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk).

V. linearifolia Hutch.

Very slender twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets subsessile, linear, acute, 3-4 in. long, ¼ in. broad, glabrous, with numerous strongly reticulate lateral nerves on each side. Flowers yellow. Pods spirally coiled when ripe, 2½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

V. vexillata Benth.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, apex cuspidate; flowers large, pink; keel beaked.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

V. sp.

Herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, about 3 in. long; corolla yellow, heavily streaked with purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

V. caerulea Baker.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, more or less hastate, sometimes darker coloured at the base; corolla deep blue, in pairs on peduncles 4-6 in. long. Pod linear, terete, 3 in. long, black when mature.

Mongalla Prov.

V. reticulata Hook. f.

Silky-hairy herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, papery, with raised reticulate veins beneath, grey-hairy. Flowers reddish, 2-4 close together on 2-4 in. long peduncles. Pod linear, straight, terete, nearly 3 in. long, bristly, black when ripe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

V. nilotica Hook. f.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate; flowers yellow, about ¾ in. long, in close racemes on peduncles 3-5 in. long. Pod 2-3 in. long and ¼ in. broad, slightly curved, pendulous.

White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor near Talodi); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

V. Kotschyi Schwfth.

Densely grey tomentose climber. Leaflets 3. Flowers reddish, 2-3 together on long or short peduncles from leafless branches.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango).

V. sinensis Endl. forma spontanea A. Brongn. LUBIA HELLU—Arab.

Annual subglabrous twiner. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, subpeltate. Leaflets 3, central roundish. Flowers yellow or reddish, in 6-12 fl. racemes on peduncles up to 1 ft. long Pod pendulous, 6-12 in. long; seeds red, white or black.

Nubia; cultivated on river banks and sagias.

V. luteola Benth.

Prostrate, trailing herb. Leaflets 3, oval to obovate, narrow at base, rounded at the apex; flowers yellow; pod 2-2½ in., broadly linear, subcylindrical.

Nubia.

334Voandzeia subterranea Thouars. ABU GAWI—Arab.

Herb. Leaves 3-foliolate; pod 1-seeded, ripens underground. Flowers 1-3 on flexuous peduncle which is at first only up to ½ in. long. Cor. yellow, often abortive.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Boma Plateau.

Boiled and eaten for food, but not of high value.

335Psophocarpus palustris Desv.

Herbaceous climber with lilac-coloured flowers and short 4-winged pods. Root tuberous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

336Dolichos Lablab Linn. LUBIA—AFIN—Arab.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate-rhomboid; flowers usually purple; style bent, much laterally flattened, strongly bearded. Pod oblong up to 2 in. long and nearly 1 in. broad, 2-4 seeded.

Northern Sudan.

Cultivated largely as a fodder crop.

D. Schweinfurthii Harms.

Leafless or nearly so at time of flowering; stems erect, simple, about 1 ft. high. Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile; leaflets oblanceolate with 3 parallel nerves about 5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in clusters, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

D. pseudo-pachyrhizus Harms. JEKORO—Golo.

Climber with a tuberous root which attains a length of 6-8 ft.; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets more or less lobed, 3-nerved at the base, up to 6 in. long and broad; very glabrous. Pods velvety, 4 in. long.

White Nile & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

Commonly cultivated in tropics, the tuberous roots being eaten as a food, and a starch obtained therefrom. Both the tubers and the beans contain a poisonous resin which is an active fish poison.

In the Bahr El Ghazal the tuber is mixed with the sap of the Heglig and used as a substitute for soap.

D. splendens Welw.

Undershrub, 4 ft. high, stems densely grey-silky. Leaflets 3, densely grey-silky, tomentose beneath. Flowers in long lax, terminal racemes. Cor. bright red, 1 in. deep. Pod over 2 in. long, linear, recurved, grey downy, with ½ in. long style twisted at the base.

Mongalla Prov.

D. uniflorus Lam.

Twining perennial. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, glabrous; corolla yellow; pod over 2 in. long, flattened, with a long beak.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

D. biflorus Linn.

Erect, hairy herb, nearly allied to foregoing; flowers yellowish-white. Pod linear, nearly straight, 1¼ in. long, tipped with the persistent style.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (around Jur Ghattas).

An important food, fodder and green manure crop.

337Sphenostylis Schweinfurthii Harms.

Herb up to 6 ft. high. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, emarginate, mucronate, 3½ in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous, reticulate. Racemes head-like, axillary, few-flowered. Flowers yellow. Pod linear, pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

S. stenocarpus Harms.

Herbaceous climber with 3-fol. leaves and red flowers, 1 in. long in 3-12 flowered racemes. Pod 4-5 in. long, hard, straight, sutures much thickened.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

338Adenodolichos macrothyrsus Harms.

Leaves opposite, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate-rhomboid subacute, rounded at the base, 4-6 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, gland-dotted below. Flowers in loose panicles. Pods 2 cm. long, acuminate, crispate-pubescent; seeds black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir).

339Cajanus indicus Spreng. ADS SUDANI—Arab. The “Dal” plant.

Erect shrubby plant, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves 3-fol., gland-dotted; flowers yellow or purple, in 2-8 flowered axillary racemes. Pod 2-3 in. long, ab. ½ in. broad, pubescent.

Northern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

Cultivated for its pulse, which is highly nutritious.

340Rhynchosia cyanosperma Benth.

Woody climber, rusty-pubescent when young. Leaflets 3, coriaceous, central roundish, 4-5 in. long. Racemes lax, 6-9 in. long, on woody peduncles. Cor. brick red or white. Pod equalling the calyx, oblong, grey-velvety.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika).

R. flavissima Hochst.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., glabrous, gland-dotted, as in all this genus; flowers yellow, in lax 6-12 fl. racemes, 2-4 in. long on spreading peduncles. Pod ¾ in. long, narrowed to the base, glabrous.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

R. minima DC. EL TURBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab.

Slender herbaceous twiner. Leaves small, 3-fol.; leaflets rhomboid to oval, obtuse, apiculate, black-dotted; flowers small, yellow; pods 2-seeded, slightly turgid.

Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim & Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla Prov.

R. caribæa DC.

Herbaceous, grey pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, central one broad ovate or subrhomboidal. Racemes lax, 2-6 in. long on short peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. long, under ½ in. broad, thinly grey silky when young, turgid.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Lat. 7° 37′ N.).

R. viscosa DC.

Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol., leaflets over 2 in. long, almost sessile, broadly ovate, subcordate or truncate at base, acute. Flowers yellow often heavily streaked with deep purple; pods 2 seeded; seeds with small aril.

Nubia; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Derago); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

R. (probably form of) viscosa DC.

Leaflets somewhat 3-lobed; flowers yellow, lightly striped with purple; pods viscous.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Nasser).

R. Memnonia DC. RA’AFA or LUWEIS (N. Kordn.); WADĀN EL FĀR, BĀL & FARAH EL GUMRI (Khartoum)—Arab.

Grey-silky herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, central nearly round, up to 1 in. across. Racemes 2-6 in. long, lax 6-20 flowered on short peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. pubescent.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South, Abu Gerad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages).

R. glutinosa Harms.

Stems branched from the base, about 2 ft. high, pubescent. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate, rounded at base, apex subacute, 1 in. long and broad, glandular and shortly pubescent below. Racemes few-flowered, 2 in. long; standard very striate. Pod 1 in. long, slightly pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Derago).

R. Schweinfurthii Harms.

Twiner. Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-orbicular, shortly cuneate at the base, 1½ in. long and broad, rather densely covered with golden glands below but not pubescent. Racemes nearly sessile, axillary, few and dense-flowered; sepals very acuminate, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

R. teramnoides Harms.

Slender twiner. Leaves shortly petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute 1-2 in. long, very minutely pubescent below, strongly reticulate. Flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils. Calyx silky pubescent. Pod curved, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi).

R. resinosa Hochst.

Somewhat woody glandular and pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate-rhomboidal, 2-3 in. long and broad. Racemes 2-3 in. long on woody peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ½ in. long enclosed in calyx.

Nubia.

R. ferruginea A. Rich. SINGĪD (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Herbaceous densely rusty-pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, central broad ovate, 1½ in. long, mucronate. Racemes lax, exceeding the leaves; cor. yellow, veined with purple.

Fung Prov. (Harun); Kordofan Prov.

341Eriosema pulcherrimum Baker f.

Stem erect, herbaceous, 1 ft. high, covered with soft white hairs. Leaves simple, ovate, subcordate, 4-7 in. long, 2½-4 in. broad, silky hairy. Flowers in dense terminal racemes 2-4 in. long. Calyx villous. Pod villous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

E. holophyllum Baker fil.

Stem erect, rather woody, 1½ ft. high, pubescent. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3½-6 in. long, finely pubescent. Flowers in subglobose terminal and axillary racemes. Pod oblong, villous, ⅔ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba).

E. cajanoides Hook. fil.

Erect, branching shrub, up to 5 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central oblanceolate, 2-3 in. long, gland-dotted, as generally in this genus, fine grey pubescent beneath. Racemes 2-4 in. long on firm peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. yellow. Pod over ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: by the Dogguru River, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

E. macrostipulum Baker pl.

Stem herbaceous, up to 2 ft. high, pubescent. Leaflets 3, ovate, acute, base rounded, 2½-3½ in. long, 1¼-1¾ in. broad, softly pubescent. Stipules ¾ in. long. Flowers crowded in racemes up to 1½ in. long. Pod oblong, ½ in. long, villous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

E. sparsiflorum Baker fil.

Stem virgate, rather woody. Leaflets 3, narrowly oblong, 2-2½ in. long, acute, pubescent. Flowers in lax axillary racemes. Pod flat, 1½ in. long, pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

E. oblongum Benth.?

Stems branched, about 8 in. long, from a woody rhizome, densely hirsute. Leaflets 3, elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, softly villous below, nervose. Racemes head-like, long-pedunculate, few-flowered. Pods 1 in. long, densely villous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Penyo).

E. linifolium Baker fil.

Stem erect, rather woody. Leaflets 3-5, very long, up to 7 in., narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, whitish pubescent below. Stipules nearly ½ in. long. Racemes terminal, lax, 2-6 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land, Bendo).

E. Schweinfurthii Baker fil.

Stem erect, herbaceous, 3-4 in. high, from a tuberous root. Leaves simple, subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, up to ½ in. broad, grey canescent below. Stipules lanceolate, ½ in. long. Flowers closely racemose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

E. flemingioides Baker.

Shrub, densely yellowish-grey or rusty downy. Leaflets 3, central oblong 4-5 in. long, lower surface permanently grey downy. Racemes short stalked, fairly dense, 2-3 in. long; bracts scarious, in unexpanded heads concealing the flowers; cor. pale to deep red Pod ab. ¾ in. long, tawny.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Duggu); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

342Dalbergia Melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. BABANUS or EIBNUSA—Arab; ORŪM (Dilling) & KUNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba; FAITI & FUNITI—Bari; ERRIT (Goz El Siada), RED (Kenissa), RĒT (L. Powendael) and RĪT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; RIT—Jur; BOKANGO or EBANOS—Golo; TARI—Hameg; LURR & GEL—Nuer; GIUOM—Burun.

Small to middle-sized tree of irregular growth; branches spiny. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 9-13, alternate; flowers white, sweet-scented; pods flat, indehiscent, mostly 1-seeded.

White Nile Prov. (Jebelein) & south of Lat. 13° N.

The timber is black like ebony, for which it is used as a substitute; good-sized and sound logs are, however, rare. It is difficult to work but takes a beautiful polish. It is resistant to insect pests, and is useful for cabinet making.

D. sp. (leaf only) No. 1295 S.G.H.

Tall, graceful tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets alternate.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling).

D. sp. HURHAR—Arab (Pod only).

Tree.

Kordofan Prov. (Muriel L/160).

343Pterocarpus lucens Guill. & Perr. TARAYA—Arab; DIGDIG—Dinka & Jur; M’BOLO & GANA—Golo; IMMIRORA—Hameg; TIRMA—Bongo.

Tall and straight tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 3-7, alternate; flowers yellow, sweet-scented; pod indehiscent, disk-like, with a winged margin.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

The wood, which is yellowish white in colour and strong, works well. It is suited to carpentry, joinery and cabinet making. The bark, which contains a gum allied to “Kino,” is astringent, and is used for tanning and for dysentery. The leaves excite the appetite, and are a remedy for stomach troubles.

344Lonchocarpus laxiflorus Guill. & Perr. AMGINEIDILAD (Baggara) & KHASHKHASH AZRAK (Fung), K. EL SUGHUR & HARHAR (Baggara)—Arab; LAKUDI—Bari; ZIDI—Zande.

Small tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong; flowers light-purple, monadelphous, in dense panicles. Pod 3-4 in. long, nearly ¾ in. broad, membranous, straight.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur & Mongalla Provinces.

Wood, heavy, yellow. A very showy tree when in flower.

345Andira inermis H.B. & K.

Tree 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-13, lanceolate, terminal obovate 2-3 in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrous. Flowers pink in pyramidal panicles up to 1 ft. long. Fruit plum-like, hard, 1½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

346Afrormosia laxiflora Harms. M’BANGA—Golo; M’BANGA & LEBBE—Bongo.

Middle-sized tree with imparipinnate leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers, due to white petals falling off early. Leaflets 9-11, glabrous, coriaceous. Pods flat, thin, 4 in. long, with an intra-marginal nerve.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur).

The wood is dark and hard, and close grained: density 1.1 (sap-wood and 1.14 heart-wood). It is difficult to work, but takes a good polish. An excellent wood for cabinet making.

347Swartzia madagascariensis Desv.

Tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-11, alternate, oblong, coriaceous, 2-3 in. long. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered racemes; petal 1 only orbicular, silky on back. Pod up to 1 ft. long, up to ¾ in. thick, cylindrical, slightly furrowed.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Wood very hard and heavy, density 1.08; difficult to work, and suited for piles and fences. The heart-wood is dark reddish brown, the sap-wood yellow. It takes a fine polish and makes handsome furniture, etc.

348Cordyla africana Lour. DONJIJUAK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; BOLI, CHINYA & TINA—Golo.

Large tree with rough bark. Leaves gland-dotted, imparipinnate; leaflets 19-25 up to 2 in. long. Flowers in 6-12 flowered racemes, 1-2 in. long; petals 0; stamens numerous; filaments free or very slightly connate. Pod stalked at first, then yellow, pulpy, the size of a small lemon.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

Yields a dark gum. The fruit is eaten.

SALICACEÆ.

349Salix Safsaf Forsk. SAFSAF—Arab; URU—Hameg. Willow.

Large riverside shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, usually 2-3 in. long, glabrous, sometimes villous when young. Infl. diœcious; catkins 1-2 in. long. Capsule rather broad and blunt; seeds silky hairy.

Atbara River; Nile below Khartoum; Blue Nile and tributaries; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).

The twigs are used for basket making. A black dye obtained from the leaves, is used for dyeing mats.

S. Murielii Skan. SAFSAF—Arab; URŪ—Hameg.

Riverside shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, densely grey-silky hairy. Catkins 1-3 in. long. Capsule broadly ovoid without style.

Nubia (between Berber & Khartoum); Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar & Dinder).

S. Schweinfurthii Skan.

Young branches grey-tomentose, finally brown and glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, serrulate, up to 5 in. long. Catkins 1-2½ in. long. Capsule ovoid, beaked, nearly ¼ in. long.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.

MORACEÆ.

350Chlorophora excelsa Benth. & Hook. DORO—Kaliko.

Tall tree with milky juice, with bole clean up to 60 ft. Leaves alt., elliptic, acuminate, cordate, serrate-dentate, 6-7 in. long (shorter on old trees), tomentose, especially when young; pet. ½-1½ in. long. Infl. diœcious. Male fl. on catkin-like spikes up to 7 in. long; calyx 4-partite; sta. 4. Fem. fl. in globose or cylindrical spikes up to 2½ in. long; calyx segm. 4; ovary enclosed in calyx; style simple or unequally bifid. Fruit a fleshy syncarp.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

Wood brownish yellow with lighter longitudinal lines, hard, but works well. A beautiful wood suitable for cabinet work.

351Dorstenia bicornis Schwfth.

Herb, 1 ft. high, from a creeping rhizome, pubescent on petioles, which are long for lower leaves. Leaves thin, elliptic to obovate or obcuneate, apex mucronulate, acute to acuminate, undulate to coarse-dentate, 4-5 in. long. Infl. monœcious solitary; fl. crowded on a foliform, lunately curved, stalked receptacle, ab. 1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).

D. psilurus Welw.

Herb, 1-2½ ft. high, from a creeping rhizome. Leaves polymorphic, varying from ovate-elliptic to 3- or several-lobed. Infl. solitary, long-stalked vertical; receptacle linear-lanceolate up to 1½ in. long passing above into an erect, linear appendage 2½-3½ in. long, slightly dilated at apex; base prolonged beyond the stalk forming an upward curving appendage, ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

D. Walleri Hemsl.

Fleshy plant; stem simple from a disciform tuber, 8-16 in. high. Leaves crowded at top of stem, elliptic with unequal base, 2½-5½ in. long. Infl. solitary; stalk 1-2 in. long; receptacle stellate, 4-7 rayed, up to 1 in. diam.; rays ¾-3 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

D. barnimiana Schwfth.

Stemless, tuberous herb. Leaves radical fleshy cordate to cordate-ovate, the ultimate leaf sometimes 3-sect, segments again 2-3 sect, many-toothed; pet. 6 in. long or more. Peduncles as long as petioles; receptacle green, vertical, linear to oblong, with a narrow margin and linear bracts, the terminal one the longest up to 1¼ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; Khor Koki, near Matamma); Fung Prov. (J. Fazoghl, Famaka, Fazoghli).

var. tropæolifolia Rendle.

Smaller than above. Leaf solitary, peltate, roundish, 1 in. diam.; pet. under 2 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long, bracts on receptacle ⅓-½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; left bank of Gendua River).

D. foetida var. obovata Engl.

Stems from a thick fleshy tuber; leaves on long slender petioles, elliptic, ovate or obovate, 1½ in. long, 1 in. broad. Infl. roundish, with 8-10 linear unequal arms about ⅙ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).

D. palmata Engl.

Stemless herb, tuber roundish to broadly conical. Petioles 2-4 in. long; leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, dentate or 3-7 sect, 3-4 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long; erect, narrowly triangular, up to 1½ in. long; apical bract ¾ in. and 1-2 pairs of bracts from basal angles, ab. ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau, Jur Ghattas & Mangob).

352Ficus palmata Forsk.

Shrub or small tree with milky juice. Leaves alt. ovate-acuminate or ovate-orbicular and 3-5 lobed, scabrous, 2½-8 in. long. Receptacles axillary with 3 basal bracts and numerous others round the opening into the receptacle (ostiole).

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra; Abwo stream, 8,200 ft.).

F. Sycomorus Linn. GAMEIZ—Arab; FANTEIB—Hadendowa; N’GUHIN (Dilling), N’GWANI (J. Ghulfan), DULLAM (Tagele) & INDYEIK (Kadugli)—Nuba; NENSHA—Hameg; KELISHO—Bari; NAGAP (Kaka)—Dinka; NAP NGOF—Nuer; AWOLAM—Shilluk.

Very large tree. Leaves alt., suborbicular, 2-5 in. long, subentire, sometimes somewhat scabrous, 3-nerved at base. Receptacles (Figs) 1 in. diam., tomentose, in leafless panicles on older wood; basal bracts 2, ostiolar bracts numerous.

Found near running water, in most parts of the Sudan, Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Berber Prov. (Shendi & El Mesherif); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

Wood soft, not durable, used for dug-out canoes and household utensils. Fruit edible. The wood was used by ancient Egyptians for mummy cases.

F. capensis Thunb. N’GAB (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GASSE—Golo.

Shrub of small tree. Leaves oval, 3-nerved at base, 2½-9 in. long; pet. up to 3 in. long; stip. oblong-lanceolate, villous, caducous. Receptacles in leafless 1 ft. long panicles on old wood, each obovoid, up to 1 in. long; basal bracts 3; bracts round prominent ostiole numerous, hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).

Fruit edible.

F. Vallis-Choudæ Del.

Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-8 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. 1-2½ in. long; stip. linear-lanceolate, ¾ in. long, deciduous. Receptacles 1¾ in. diam., axillary, solitary, pear-shaped; basal bracts small and caducous; ostiolar bracts numerous coriaceous.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).

F. gnaphalocarpa A. Rich.

Large tree. Leaves orbicular or ovate, cordate, 2-5 in. long, coriaceous, scabrous at times, obtusely serrate; pet. ¼-3 in. long; stip. subpersistent, lanceolate-acuminate. Receptacles axillary, solitary, tomentose, 1½ in. long; basal bracts 3 whorled or scattered over the receptacle; ostiolar bracts tomentose, ¼ in. long, horizontal across orifice and retrorse inside it.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

F. capreæfolia Del. GUEIR or SEYID—Arab; OBA—Hameg.

Riverside shrub. Leaves nearly all opposite, 3-dentate at apex, 1-4 in. long, scabrous; pet. ab. ¼ in. long; stipules paired, lanceolate, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary, solitary, ¾ in. diam., bracts 3-4, scattered on ½ in. long peduncle; ostiole open, bracts imbricate descending into the orifice.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the Atbara River near Matamma); between Matamma & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Ghazal, Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba & River Sway, near Dukuttu, Mittu-land: Roah River).

Fruit edible.

F. urceolaris Welw.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves alt., unequally elliptic, caudate, 4-9 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. ⅓-¾ in. long; stip. ovate, scabrous, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary 1-3 together on young shoots; basal bracts minute, scattered on peduncle. Ostiole large, bracts imbricate, mucilaginous, hyaline.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on the Nabambisso River).

F. storthophylla Warb.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, pinnately and laciniately lobed, scabrous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. deciduous. Receptacles axillary 4 or 2 together, ¼ in. diam., subsessile with 2-3 basal bracts; ostiole large and slightly protruding, bracts numerous in and around the orifice.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atoboru River).

F. sciarophylla Warb.

Shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, coarsely lobulate, acuminate, 6-12 in. long, whitish villous when young; pet. 1-2 in. long or more; stip. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, glabrous. Receptacle not known.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).

F. salicifolia Vahl. UMSISI (Baggara)—Arab; TINGALIGALI (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Moderate-sized tree; bark light-brown. Leaves lanceolate, veins reticulate, strongly marked, usually 1-6 in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. linear, 1 in. long, deciduous. Receptacles axillary crowded in pairs on short peduncles; basal bracts minute, deciduous; ostiole closed by bracts.

Blue Nile Prov. (Segeddi); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kadugli, J. Daier); Darfur Prov.

F. ingens Miq.

Tree or shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-6 in. long, shining; pet. 1 in. long; stip. not known. Receptacles ⅓ in. diam., axillary, paired; basal bracts 2, coriaceous; ostiole closed by 3 imbricate bracts.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dukuttu and Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

F. ingentoides Hutchinson.

Shrub or small tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, shortly acuminate, 2½-5 in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous; pet. ab. 1 in. long; stip. caducous, coriaceous. Receptacles axillary on old wood, ½ in. diam., basal bracts persistent; ostiolar bracts imbricate, visible outside.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Mid Robo 8,300 ft.).

F. polita Vahl.

Tree 50 ft. high. Leaves ovate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, rounded or subcordate at base; pet. up to 4½ in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous. Receptacles clustered on outgrowths on old wood, 1½ in. diam., wrinkled; basal bracts 3, triangular, ostiolar bracts retrorse inside orifice.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River, Mittu: Mvolo).

F. ovata Vahl.

Large tree with a wide crown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, 7-10 in. long, base rounded or cordate; pet. ab. 2 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous, 2 in. long. Receptacles in axillary pairs, 1-2 in. diam., enclosed when young by lid-like basal bracts; ostioles small; bracts all internal.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River & Mansilli River); Belgian Congo.

F. glumosa Del. TILT—Hadendowa; KWEYI (J. Eliri) & RREK (Kadugli) & FATAA (J. Daier)—Nuba; LAG—Dinka; GARI—Jur; KELA—Golo.

Small to large tree. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, up to 6 in. long, subcoriaceous; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. caducous. Receptacles axillary, paired, ¼ in. diam., basal bracts small; ostiole small, prominent; bracts internal.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Fung Prov. (J. Juli, Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Kadugli & J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Dar Fertit).

The bark is used for tanning and the latex for making bird-lime. The fruit is eaten.

var. glaberrima Martelli. SĒMOK—Hadendowa.

More glabrous than above.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Wau).

In the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. the bark is used for tanning and also for making native cloth.

F. Thonningii Blume.

Tree 40 ft. high. Leaves obovate- or oblong-elliptic, 2-9 in. long, chartaceous; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. deciduous, lanceolate-acuminate, ½ in. long. Recept. axillary, paired, sessile, ¼ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, ovate; ostiole small, boss-like, bracts all internal.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).

F. populifolia Vahl. SHEIALA (Dilling)—Nuba.

Moderate-sized tree, with smooth yellowish bark. Leaves rotundate, cordate, acuminate, 2½-5 in. long; pet. 1½-3½ in. long; stip. caducous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-4 together, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, minute; ostiolar bracts all included.

Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (rocky hills); Darfur Prov.

Fruit edible.

F. mittuensis Warb.

Differs from following by the prominent umbilical ostiole and the bifurcate midrib of the leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).

F. abutilifolia Miq.

Tree with light-red bark. Leaves broad-cordate, 3-8 in. long and broad; pet. 2-4 in. long, flattened horizontally; stip. caducous. Recept. axillary, in pairs, stipitate, ½ in. long, mottled; basal bracts, rim or cup-like; ostiolar bracts all included.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

F. vasta Forsk.

Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, 3-14 in. long, tomentose; petiole up to 5 in. long; stip. deciduous, 1-3 in. long. Recept. axillary 2-3 together, ½ in. diam., basal bracts connate at base, soon breaking from it; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts all included, 2 larger than the others.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Khor Harassa); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).

F. congensis Engl. KANGARU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ADOT or ADIT—Jur.

Large tree. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. 1-3 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, 1-2½ in. long. Receptacles axillary, in pairs, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Jur: between Tonj & Wau, Bongo: Gir).

F. discifera Warb. KAURDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Tree; leaf scars on branchlets disk- or horseshoe-shaped, ¼ in. diam. Leaves very broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate, 4-8 in. long, 2-3½ in. wide; stip. caducous, lanceolate-acuminate, ⅓ in. long. Recept. probably axillary near ends of shoots ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts connate-saucer-shaped; ostiolar bracts included, 2 larger.

Nubia; between Gedaref & Abu Haraz (J. Arrang); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).

F. platyphylla Del. KURUWANG (J. Eliri), TAL (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; KUBO—Bongo; KWEL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KUVU, FUNGU or WUNGO—Golo; KWAYA or PAYO—Jur; KOYO—Krej; ROKKO—Zande.

Very large tree. Leaves broadly elliptic, deep-cordate, 5-10 in. long; pet. 3-5 in. long; stip. deciduous, triangular, ⅓ in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-3 together, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiolar bracts all included.

Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Singa & Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu); Bahr El Jebel.

The latex yields a very resinous rubber of no commercial value. The Dinkas tap the tree and with the dried latex clean their brass ornaments. The bark is used for tanning and for making bark cloth and ropes.

F. iteophylla Miq.

Epiphyte or tree. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowing at each end, 1½-4 in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long; stip. deciduous lanceolate, small. Recept. axillary, crowded on young shoots, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, caducous, leaving a saucer-like rim; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

F. Dekdekena A. Rich. UMSISI (Kordn.) & SARDOL (Sennar)—Arab; NIHING (Dilling) & RREK (Kadugli)—Nuba; ARAKH & THARAT—Hameg.

Tree or epiphyte. Leaves oblanceolate, short-acuminate, undulate, 2-6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. ovate-lanceolate, ¼ in. long, ciliate. Recept. axillary in pairs crowded on young shoots, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included, 2 larger than rest.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna, near Dilling); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

F. Carica Linn. SHAGAR EL TIN—Arab. The Cultivated Fig.

It is said to yield a rubber.

Cultivated for its fruit.

353Antiaris sp.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau & Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginze).

354Treculia africana Decne.

Tall tree with milky juice and clear bole ⅔ its height. Leaves alt., elliptic, 3-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. caducous, lanceolate, ½-¾ in. long. Fl. diœcious, capitate in both sexes, arranged on outside of and densely surrounded by the bracts of the fleshy receptacle. Male heads axillary short stalked, globose 1-2 in. diam. Fruit a syncarp up to twice as large as a man’s head, yellowish outside when ripe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulenjo); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Assika & Yuru Rivers).

The seeds are extracted from the fruit, ground into a paste and cooked by frying in oil. The fruits are of great size, weighing from 13-18 lbs. It has been estimated that a fruit may contain 1,500 seeds, each about the size of a haricot bean.

URTICACEÆ.

355Fleurya æstuans Gaud.

Bright green, nettle-like monœcious herb, up to 4 or 6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, dentate 2-6 in. long, base truncate or slightly cordate, 3-nerved, with appressed stiff hairs on both surfaces; pet. 1-10 in. long; stip, persistent, subulate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Infl. an axillary long-stalked panicle, longer than the leaf, the small clusters bisexual and male on the same panicle, rarely male on separate peduncles. Male fl. calyx 4-5 partite; sta. 4-5; fem. fl. per. 4-partite, 2 segments larger.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

356Urera sp. HINNAT EL ABELAIN (Sennar)—Arab.

Shrub, 6-8 ft. high, somewhat like a tall nettle in appearance.

Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Saoleil For., under shade).

The branches having large pith cavities are cut and used as rosaries on the West Coast.

357Bœhmeria platyphylla D. Don.

Shrub, 3-15 ft. high. Leaves mostly opp., broadly ovate, acuminate, cordate, coarsely toothed, 3-9 in. long, sparsely white-hispid above; pet. ½-6 in. long. Spikes axillary, longer than leaves, either simple with male and fem. fl., or branched with male fl. on some branches and both sexes on others.

Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).

var. ugandensis Rendle.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

358Parietaria debilis Forst.

Small, almost translucent herb. Leaves subrotund, ⅓-1½ in. long, base 3-nerved; pet. shorter than blade. Fl. in sessile pairs of cymules in leaf-axils, polygamous, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).

359Pouzolzia mixta Solms.

Monœcious shrub, young branches white-hairy. Leaves alt., ovate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, densely hairy above, white-tomentose beneath; pet. under ¼ in. Fl. monœcious clustered in leaf-axils, fem. fl. solitary among the numerous males.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

360Forskohlea tenacissima Linn. LUSSAQ or NUSSAQ—Arab.

Herb, up to 2 ft., woody below, branches with spiny, hooked hairs. Leaves alt. obovate or rhomboid, crenate-serrate, ½-2 in. long, 3-nerved at base, hispid above and white-tomentose below; pet. ½ length of blade. Fl. monœcious embedded in wool within a campanulate involucre.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Sallom); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan and other rocky hills).

The bark yields a strong fibre.

F. viridis Ehrenb.

Not unlike above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly toothed, ½-4 in. long, only very sparsely hairy.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Khor Tamanib); Khartoum Prov.

CANNABINACEÆ.

361Cannabis sativa Linn. HASHISH, KAMANGA & BANGO—Arab.

The common hemp.

Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov.

The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the Sudan. Such specimens as have been found cultivated surreptitiously in clearings in the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion characteristic of the official drug.

CELASTRACEÆ.

362Gymnosporia senegalensis Lam. YO’OI or YOI—Arab; GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba; SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; GUMBOTO—Golo.

Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves variable, from obovate to linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or crenate. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, small, greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea, usually 2, sometimes 3-valved.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (near Kamlin); Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to 8,000 ft.).

var. obovata Loes.

Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

var. inermis A. Rich.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

var. spinosa Loes.

Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).

The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is often employed for angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute for salt in the Bahr El Ghazal, and the root bark for dysentery.

G. cf. G. senegalensis Lam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginse).

G. sp. HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa.

Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

363Elæodendron æthiopicum Oliv. var. Burkeanum Loes.

Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shining above. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary deeply immersed in broad angular disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid, apiculate drupe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.

364Hippocratea cymosa De Wild & Dur. var. Schweinfurthiana Loes.

Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, 2-2¾ in. long, leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits oblong-oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & Bongo-land: Biselli).

H. obtusifolia Roxb. LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; M’KOMVE—Golo.

Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and size, more or less crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming terminal panicles, small, bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating into 3 distinct flat coriaceous carpels; seeds 4, compressed, winged.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).

365Salacia Ducis-Wurtembergiæ Hochst.

Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, obtusely serrate, much reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; flowers small. Fruit baccate, 1-3 celled.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.

S. sp.

Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near Nganye).

SALVADORACEÆ.

366Dobera Roxburghii Planch. MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab.

Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple, coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white-pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments monadelphous, ovary 1-celled.

Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh); Kordofan Prov.

The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water.

367Salvadora persica Linn. EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree.

Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free.

Throughout the Sudan.

The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant. The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful in manufacture of varnish.

OLACACEÆ.

368Ximenia americana Linn. KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA (Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo.

Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short-stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung; White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it is very heavy and close grained; the bark is employed for tanning leather. The fruit is eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual constipation and gastric troubles. The kernel yields a white vegetable butter (Wood).

OPILIACEÆ.

369Opilia amentacea Roxb. KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka; ZEBALABA—Golo.

Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; yellow in axillary, bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov.

LORANTHACEÆ.

370Loranthus curviflorus Benth.

Woody, evergreen tree-parasite; twigs jointed. Leaves opp. or alt., linear to ovate-oblong, ¾-2½ in. long; umbels solitary 4-6 flowered; peduncle ¼ in. long; bract minute; calyx minute; cor. 1¾ in. long, of 5 separate petals reflexed above the middle; st. 5, under 1 in. long, inserted near base of petals. Fr. baccate.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° Lat. N.).

L. Acaciæ Zucc. GULA (Blue Nile), ANABA or SAM (Baggara), ABU HAMĀDA or ABHAMĀDA (North Sudan)—Arab; HAMILTOB—Rashida; INGYIL (Dilling) & ANABA (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Parasitic, as above. Leaves opp. or subopp., oblong to lanceol.-oblong, 1½-4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Fl. 5-merous, gamopetalous, scarlet, 1½ in. long, cor. 5, gibbous at base; lobes reflexed from the middle, but slit to within ¼ in. of base.

Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Wad El Merakh); Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Darfur Prov. (Surutj District, Wadi Hashaba).

Good camel fodder. Host plants are Cordia Rothii, Acacia Seyal, Sesbania ægyptiaca, Tamarix articulata, Acacia Suma, Zizyphus mucronata.

L. Dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. var. kerenicus Sprague.

Parasite, as above; young parts rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate-oblong to suborbicular 1½-3 in. long, opp. Heads axillary, fascicled, 2-4 flowered; bracts spoon-shaped, ¼ in. long; cor. 2 in. long, densely silky rufous-hairy, base gibbous; lobes reflexed from ab. the middle; anthers linear, 2-horned.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

Parasitic on Combretum Hartmannianum.

L. djurensis Engl.

Parasitic. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or lanceolate, 2-4 in. long. Umbels 3-5 flowered; cor. 1¾ in. long, tube funnel-shaped, split down one side, ribbed; lobes 5, erect ⅓ in. long, strap-shaped, separating from below upwards; st. 5, ¼ in. long, inserted high up.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau River).

L. platyphyllus Hochst.

Parasitic. Leaves variable in insertion and shape, lanceolate to obovate, up to 4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary 5-8 flowered; cor. orange-red, ab. 2 in. long, tube split down one side, shorter than lobes which are erect, separating from below upwards.

Fung Prov. (Danga, Jongol’s Post District).

L. globiferus A. Rich. var. verrucosus Sprague. AMAU—Jur.

Parasitic. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-oblong 1-4½ in. long, thick. Umbels axillary, fascicled, 4-6 flowered; cor. ab. 1½ in. long, swollen above and at base, reddish; tube slit on one side; cor. lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, spathulate; st. short.

Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar, Rahad); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Atem Branch at Jonglei).

The root is said to be used in the Bahr El Ghazal Province for making a lotion for itch.

Host plants are Khaya senegalensis, Zizyphus mucronata, Cratæva religiosa and Acacia tortilis.

var. salicifolius Sprague.

Leaves lin.-lanceolate or lin.-oblanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.)

Parasitic on a Cordia.

L. Schweinfurthii Engl.

Parasitic. Leaves opp. or subopp., broadly ovate, 2-3 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Umbels axillary, solitary, 9-10 flowered; cor. under 1½ in. long, pilose outside, swollen at each end; tube slit ab. ½ in. down; lobes erect, ⅓ in. long, spoon-shaped; filaments toothed near apex.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: J. Ghattas).

Parasitic on Ficus platyphylla Del.

L. celtidifolius Engl.

Parasite; young parts rusty-pilose; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves opp. or subopp., ovate-oblong, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary or ternate, 9-13 flowered; cor. showy, scarlet, 1⅓ in. long, swollen both ends; upper end 5-keeled, tube slit ½ in. down; lobes erect, spoon-shaped; filam. toothed.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-8,000 ft).

SANTALACEÆ.

371Thesium Schweinfurthii Engl.

Spreading perennial, up to 9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves ab. ¾ in. long, linear, keeled. Infl. arranged raceme-like at ends of short branches and subtended by ⅓ in. long bract and 2 small bracteoles; per. minute, green, 4-5 lobed, valvate, hairy at tip; st. 4-5 small. Fr. globose, 10-ribbed, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Khor Mulmul).

RHAMNACEÆ.

372Zizyphus orthacantha DC.

Shrub or small tree, armed or unarmed. Leaves oblong to orbicular, 3-5 nerved from the base, glabrous above, shortly ferruginous-tomentose below and on extremities. Flowers greenish, in small axillary cymes. Fruit edible.

Kordofan Prov. (Masgul & J. Sungor); Upper Nile Prov. (Kodok).

Z. abyssinica Hochst.

Differs from above in its broadly ovate, acute leaves, very oblique at the base and 2-5 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas: Bongo-land: Sabbi); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

Z. Spina-Christi Lam. SIDDIR & NABAK—Arab; BUSA (fruit GHOT)—Hameg.

Very thorny shrub; prickles usually one straight and one recurved. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, equal at the base, crenate-serrate, 1-3 in. long. Fruit edible.

Khartoum Prov. (6th cataract); Blue Nile Prov. (Eilafun); North Sudan.

Z. mucronata Willd. SIDDIR, & NABBAK EL FIL—Arab; GABĀT & TAGABA—Hadendowa; KASSLA—Rashida; KWAII (Dilling), TITTAWYI (J. Eliri) & TINGRA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LĀNG—Shilluk; LANGI & LUKATI—Bari; LĀNG (Kaka & Kenissa) or LĀNT (Kenissa) & LANF (Renk)—Dinka; BWAU—Nuer; OM KURSAN—Hameg.

Small tree or large shrub, armed or unarmed. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate mucronate, crenate-serrate. Cymes 10-20 flowered.

Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Provinces; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Mongalla Prov.

The fruit is edible; the wood is light pink in colour, hard and durable.

373Mæsopsis sp.

Tree 20 ft.; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves obovate, obtusely acuminate, 4-4½ in. long, 2-2½ in. broad, glabrous. Young fruits globose, small, with the style persistent.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

AMPELIDACEÆ (or VITACEÆ).

374Ampelocissus abyssinica Hochst.

Woody climber; leaves 3-lobed, glabrous, rotundate-cordate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River).

A. cavicaulis Pl.

Leaves large, palmate to pedate-partite, 5 principal lobes reaching ⅔ or ¾ of the way down.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

A. pentaphylla Pl.

Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-5 partite, lobes linear, loosely serrate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. & Madi).

A. Grantii Pl.

Climber; leaves almost rotundate, slightly or deeply 5-lobed.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).

A. Schimperiana Hochst.

Strong woody climber. Leaves large, slightly 5-lobed, rufous-villous when young. Fruit oblong, edible.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

A. cinnamochroa Pl.

Much like the preceding.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

A. bombycina Pl.

Leaves distinctly 3-5 lobed with rounded sinuses; young shoots densely silky-tomentose; stems herbaceous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

A. sarcocephala Pl.

Leaves 5-partite; segments lanceolate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

375Cissus populnea Guill. & Perr.

Leaves almost rotundate, undivided, slightly mucronate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Dar Fertit).

Large creeper used for jungle ropes.

C. bignonioides Schweinf.

Fairly large climber with corky stems; leaves ovate, cordate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River).

C. rubiginosa Pl. KISKI—Zande.

Leaves almost pentagonal, denticulate; leaves and shoots with dense silky rusty tomentum.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kishi River).

C. producta Afzel. BULAKOLIN (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; YIAD—Jur.

Ascending undershrub or woody climber; leaves simple, lanceolate; joints thickened.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

The tubers, which are spindle-shaped, are used by Dinkas against tse-tse bites on animals, an emulsion of crushed tubers and water is rubbed over the animals’ bodies and a small quantity is also given to them to drink as a preventive.

C. cornifolia Baker.

Sub-erect undershrub, densely ferruginous when young. Leaves 3-nerved, palmate or ovate.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (near J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Fruit edible.

C. quadrangularis Linn. SALA’ALA’A or SALALA—Arab; METOWI—Rashida; KĀT-UT—Hadendowa; ATETE (J. Daier) & ULGYIN (Dilling)—Nuba; MOJUNGI—Bari; ARENG (L. Powendael), & ARNIK (Kenissa & Renk)—Dinka; MEREKOTI—Golo; MERISH—Hameg; MUNDA—Burun; DEUGANAI—Nuer.

Climber with fleshy quadrangular stem, leafless part of the year. Leaves ovate to 3-lobed.

Throughout the greater part of the Sudan, especially Nubia.

A preserve of stem, boiled in water, is said to be a useful stomachic. The juice is used by camel-men to cleanse and heal saddle-galls, and other sores of camels. In the Bahr El Ghazal it is said to be used for poisoning arrows.

C. palmatifida Baker.

Sub-erect, woody. Leaves 3-5 lobed, often cut deep down; finely villous on upper and densely grey matted on under surface. Petals 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: below Dimoh & Atena River).

C. aralioides Welw.

Climber, woody below, glabrous. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets oblong or slightly obovate 2-3 in. long, faintly denticulate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

C. Ibuensis Hook. f. LIF—Arab.

Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., irregularly serrate-dentate; fruit size of a pea.

Nile (between Khartoum & Berber); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov.

C. alnifolia Schweinfth.

Herb 6 ft. high. Leaves simple, sessile, ovate-orbicular, 5 in. broad, denticulate, puberulous below; stipules triangular, acute, ⅓ in. long. Cymes terminal, glandular.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kuddu).

C. juncea Webb.

Stem erect; leaves sessile; leaflets 3, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 in. long, membranous. Root tuberous.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

C. crinita Planch.

Stem hairy; leaves long 3-5 fol.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

C. crotalaroides Schwfth.

Erect undershrub. Leaves sessile. Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5-6 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, doubly serrate, puberulous below. Fruits pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Deim Zubeir & Jur-land: Zeriba Abu-Gurun).

C. adenantha Fresen. LODOREH—Bari.

Green climber; leaves pedate, with 4-7 leaflets.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

C. adenocaulis Steud.

Stem, woody, trailing; leaves compound, one terminal leaflet and one pair on either side, or, sometimes, 7 leaflets.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands).

C. Schweinfurthii Pl.

Leaves trifoliolate, sessile; leaflets oblanceolate, repand-dentate, about 4 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, shortly pubescent below. Cymes tomentose. Tendrils much twisted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Addai).

C. serpens Hochst.

Stout herbaceous climber. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol.; sessile or short-stalked. Leaflets obovate-lanceolate, irregularly inciso-dentate, the veins beneath grey-downy.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Umlabia).

C. pallida Wight. & Arn. ABANGIUR—Dinka; DELE—Golo.

Trailing or slightly climbing, semi-woody shrub. Leaves cordate, not lobed, faintly denticulate, glabrous.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

C. mossambicensis Klotzsch.

Woody climber. Leaves orbicular or reniform, more or less entire to deeply 5-lobed, with irregular, mucronate teeth. Flowers in densely compound lateral cymes.

Mongalla Prov.

C. gracilis Guill. & Perr.

Slender climber. Leaves pedate; leaflets 5, the shorter forked, all thin of texture.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

C. intricata Baker. LIF or LUFA—Arab.

Slender woody climber; leaflets 3-5, pedate, firmly membranous. Flowers in 4-6 in. broad cymes.

White Nile Prov.

C. Thonningii Baker.

Leaves 3-5 fol., serrate; leaflets distinctly stalked, edges loosely crenate. Flowers in lax, branched cymes. 4-6 in. broad.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).

C. Figariana Webb.

Erect, hairy undershrub. Leaves 5-7 fol.

Nubia.

C. cyphopetala Pres.

Climber with puberulous stems and softly tomentose serrate leaflets and broad open cymes of small flowers.

Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

RUTACEÆ.

376Ruta tuberculata Forsk.

Herb with tubercled glands; leaves linear, with pellucid glands. Flowers usually 5-merous; petals entire.

Nubia; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert); Khartoum Prov. (Halfaya); White Nile Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora-hills).

Yields a volatile oil, which may act as an irritant when the plant is handled.

377Teclea nobilis Hook. f. FURFURRUK (J. Daier)—Nuba; FIK—Bari; SEKIA—Golo.

Unarmed large shrub or small tree; leaves 3-fol., large. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile in branching panicles shorter than leaves. Female flowers in short axillary spikes.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Wau, Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Mittu-land: by the Rohl River); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

The wood is used for spear shafts in Bahr El Ghazal and for bark mallets in Uganda.

377aToddalia aculeata Pers.

Erect or scrambling shrub, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves 3-fol., alternate, with pellucid glands; petioles often with prickles beneath. Flowers unisexual, cream coloured, panicled.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

378Clausena anisata Oliv.

Shrub with pinnate leaves, which are 6-12 in. long; leaflets 10-20, ovate or ovate-oblong. Flowers white, numerous on axillary, paniculate cymes; stamens 8-10. Berry 1-seeded.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir).

379Citrus Aurantium Linn.

var. amara L. NARING—Arab. The Bitter Orange.

Grown throughout the country in gardens; frequently used as a stock for the sweet orange, mandarin and sweet lemon.

var. sinensis Gall. Citr. BORTUGAN—Arab. The Sweet Orange.

Grown throughout the country in gardens.

C. decumana Linn. LIMUN HINDI—Arab. The Grape Fruit or Shaddock.

Occasionally found in gardens.

C. medica Linn. var. Limon Gall. Citr.

subvar. acris. LIMUN BALADI—Arab. The Lime.

Grown everywhere in gardens and frequently on Sagias.

subvar. Limetta Risso. LIMUN HELLU—Arab. The Lemon.

Cultivated in gardens.

C. nobilis Lour. YUSEF EFFENDI—Arab. The Mandarin.

Cultivated in gardens.

SIMARUBACEÆ.

380Hannoa Schweinfurthii Oliv.

Shoots clustered from the old wood. Leaves pinnate; leaflets linear-oblanceolate, leathery, up to 6 in. long, glabrous, with sunken nerves. Flowers racemose few. Fruits oblong-ovoid, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mts. Nga, near Maalah).

381Irvingia Smithii Hook. f.

Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-elliptical, rounded at base and more or less cordate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers pale yellow in narrow, subpaniculate racemes. Fruit oblong, 1½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Hu River).

The fruit is of no value. The wood is white and very hard.

I. sp. DARITAR—Dinka; AKOS—Jur; BILI & M’BILI or TIRI—Golo.

Large, smooth stemmed, riverside tree. Flowers white, fruit blue drupaceous. Very like the foregoing species.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

The timber is white, hard, and takes a good polish. It is used for boat-building.

382Balanites ægyptiaca Del. HEGLIG—Arab; ’SASSUD & SHASHOT—Hadendowa; KORAK (J. Daier), TIRA (Dilling & J. Ghulfan), KURI (J. Eliri) & N’DMUSSO (Kadugli)—Nuba; KHA—Hameg; SORONGO—Golo; LALLOK & LUMILI—Bari; TAU (usual) & TU (Kaka)—Dinka; TAU—Jur & Nuer; TU—Shilluk; TOAN—Burun; Fruit LALOB—Arab; FIATH—Nuer (young tree).

Large tree armed with straight green spines, which are supra-axillary or axillary. Leaves 2-fol., entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, greenish-white. Disk fleshy, covered with white hairs. Drupe up to 2 in. long, with a bony endocarp.

Found throughout the greater part of the Sudan especially in the Fung and Upper White Nile Provinces.

var. membranacea Van Tiegh.

Dongola Prov. (Debba).

The fruit, called LALOB, is edible; it has a bitter sweet flavour and aperient qualities. The root, bark and leaves are purgative, and act as a vermifuge. The kernel yields an oil which is used as an unguent. The wood is hard, compact and fine grained, it is durable and resists the attacks of insects. The bark yields a strong fibre, and is also used as a soap for washing clothes.

383Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. KARB EL WADI—Arab; KIREILLI—Bari.

Large shrub; leaves imparipinnate, with winged petiole; leaflets 3 pairs and an odd one. Flowers small in axillary or subterminal cymes.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir & Addai, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

384Klainedoxa oblongifolia Stapf.

Shrub 15 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. broad on the young shoots, the older shoots with much smaller leaves; stipules very long (about 6 in.) acuminate. Fruits very hard, 4-6-angled, 1½ in. in diam.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

BURSERACEÆ.

385Boswellia papyrifera A. Rich. ROTARO, or RUTRUT, TAKTAK (Abu Gibeiha) or TARAKTARAK (Talodi) (Baggara), GAFĀL—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling) & LAGI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; GULGULA—Hameg. Called “Elephant tree” by Europeans because elephants feed on it.

Tree with imparipinnate leaves and papery bark, often found on quartzitic soils. Flowers pink, in umbellate racemes, appearing before the leaves, hermaphrodite; stamens 10. Capsule trigonous, 1 in. long.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov., Darfur Province.

Yields a fragrant resin.

386Commiphora Opobalsamum Engl.

Spineless shrub or small tree. Leaflets 3-5, entire or slightly undulate; leaves scattered or in fascicles. Flowers small, fascicled.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).

Yields the “Mecca Balsam” or “Balm of Gilead.” It is much used in Cairo as medicine. The fruit is considered a powerful carminative and digestive.

C. erythræa Engl.

Small tree. Leaflets 3, obovate, pubescent, the terminal one about 1½ in. long, crenulate. Fruits subglobose, pubescent, about ⅓ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (coast).

C. quadricincta Schweinfth.

Small bushy tree, growing on rocky hills; branches spiny. Leaves simple, ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, glabrous, long-stalked. Fruits 4-winged.

Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat at Goz Regeb).

C. abyssinica Engl.

Small tree with spiny branches. Leaves trifoliolate but sessile or subsessile and thus appearing simple; leaflets obovate, crenate, glabrous, about 1¼ in. long. Fruit ovoid, acute, ⅓ in. long, glabrous.

Kassala Prov. (near J. Langeb); Red Sea Prov. (J. Shabba, south of Suakin).

C. africana Engl. GAFĀL—Arab; KIRBI (Dilling)—Nuba; TOWOLLO—Burun.

Small spiny tree. Leaves usually 3-fol.; leaflets cuneate, broadly crenate-serrate. Flowers fasciculate. Drupe subglobose, slightly oblique.

Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Provinces.

The resin is a form of Bdellium, a drug resembling Myrrh.

C. pedunculata Engl. LUBAN—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling)—Nuba; DAMFULAN—Hameg.

Small tree. Leaves more or less fascicled at extremities; leaflets 5-11, serrate-dentate, pubescent. Flowers in pedunculate, axillary, few-flowered cymes.

Fung, Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

Yields a resin similar to Olibanum.

387Canarium Schweinfurthii Engl.

Large tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets oblong, acuminate, subcordate at the base, about 6 in. long and 1½ in. broad, softly pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers in panicles with large bracts.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River); Lado District.

The sap-wood is whitish, the heart-wood rose-colour, similar to a Khaya; useful for carpentry. The resin is used by the Niamniam for torches, and when ground down with oil for anointing the body. Fruit eaten.

MELIACEÆ.

388Turræa Vogelii Hook. f.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, entire. Flowers white, on axillary peduncles bearing 2-10 umbellate pedicels; stamens 10, monadelphous; staminal tube with subulate teeth; anthers apiculate. Ovary 9-12 celled.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

T. nilotica Kotschy & Peyr. KHARIF (J. El Amira)—Nuba.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate obtuse, tomentose beneath. Flowers in many-flowered umbellate, sessile fascicles. Teeth of staminal tube triangular or oblong. Ovary 10-celled.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on rocky hills); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Pwah); Bahr El Jebel.

389Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Large tree; leaves imparipinnate. Leaflets 2-9 pairs with a terminal one, which is sometimes wanting. Flowers white, honey-scented. Drupe size of an olive, purple when ripe, 1-celled.

Introduced. The Neem Tree of India.

A handsome quick-growing shade tree, suitable to dry localities, and a great improvement on the “Persian Lilac.” The timber is valuable, and grows to a useful size.

390Melia Azedarach Linn. ZINZILAKH (Egypt)—Arab. Persian lilac.

Moderate-sized tree with bipinnate leaves. Drupe ovoid, yellow when ripe; flowers white and purple, scented. Fruit 5-celled; endocarp bony.

Introduced. Khartoum Prov., etc.

391Ekebergia Rüppeliana A. Rich.

Tree; fruit fleshy, globose, 2-celled. Leaves 6-12 in. long, imparipinnate, collected at the extremities; leaflets 5-9, coriaceous. Flowers in axillary, pedunculate racemes. Stamens 10 monadelphous, margin of tube dentate.

Fung Prov.

392Trichilia emetica Vahl. UM-SHARA, UMHAGRI & occasionally DABKAR (Baggara)—Arab; TISHU—Hameg; HORURI (Dilling)—Nuba.

Tree with pinnate leaves and pubescent young parts; leaflets 7-10, obtuse, pubescent beneath. Flowers ¾ in. diam., in short axillary panicles; stamens 8-10 monadelphous. Capsule 3-valved; seeds with a scarlet arillus.

Blue Nile Prov. (Medani & Khor Dahab); Fung, White Nile, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Mongalla Prov. (Hillet El Nuer & Gondokoro).

The seeds yield an oil which is used in cookery and in soap-making. The wood polishes well and makes pretty furniture. The bark is said to act as an emetic when given in small doses.

T. retusa Oliv. SABRONGO—Golo.

Small tree with white flowers in axillary panicles; fruit a flat capsule. Leaves 3-5 fol., leaflets retuse-truncate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors).

The ashes of the leaves are used as a substitute for salt.

393Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. HOMRA, HOMRAYA or MURRAYA—Arab; TIT—Dinka; BELE—Golo; TIDO or TIRO—Jur; KIR—Bari; BOGU—Zande.

Large tree with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers white, in large panicles, unisexual; fruit a globose capsule, 2½ in. diam., dehiscing into 4 valves. Seeds flat, disk-like with a winged membranous edge.

Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

African Mahogany. The wood cuts into very fine planks, and is suitable for cabinet work and joinery. Oil from the seeds is said to be used to keep flies from cattle.

K. Dawei Stapf. BOGU—Zande.

A very large tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers small, paniculate. Sepals and petals rounded. Stamens in a tube. Fruits subglobose. Seeds winged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku stream). Mongalla Prov.

394Pseudocedrela Kotschyi Harms. DURUBA—Arab; POIK (Goz El Siada) & PHUT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GUMBERTI and ZILI—Golo; PHUT—Jur; KOLKO—Burun; RIR—Nuer; N’ZUMMUNIA—Zande; KAHILI—Bongo.

Small to moderate sized tree, with rough bark. Leaves pinnate; leaflets alternate, 4-7 pairs, up to 2 in. long, loosely dentate, pubescent. Flowers in axillary panicles, unisexual, white, crowded towards ends of branches. Fruit a 4-5 in. long, somewhat pyriform capsule, splitting into 4-5 valves; seed with a long wing on one side.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

The wood is handsome and fragrant and is suited to the manufacture of gun stocks and for joinery.

P. sp.

Leaflets sub-opposite, about 3 pairs, the terminal leaflet largest, all oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3½-5 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, closely reticulate, glabrous. Flowers in lax, slender panicles. Buds subglobose, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju).

SAPINDACEÆ.

395Paullinia pinnata Linn.

Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves imparipinnate, 5-fol.; stalk winged. Flowers small, white, numerous, clustered on racemes 3-4 in. long, with a woody spiral tendril at the base. Capsule woody 3-angled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Belgian Congo Border.

The leaves and roots are used on the Gold Coast for dysentery. The bark of the root contains a narcotic poison; both it and the seeds are used for stupefying fish.

396Cardiospermum Corindum Linn.

Slender climber with watch-spring-like tendrils. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets toothed, pubescent below; stalk not winged. Flowers pale yellow. Fruits bladdery.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & 21° N.L.).

C. Halicacabum Linn. GODOBO (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Slender herbaceous climber with bi-ternate leaves and inflated, 3-valved roundish membranous capsule. Flowers white; tendrils opposite, circinate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Gumango Hill).

var. microcarpum H.B. & K.

Similar to above but capsule smaller and obversely deltoid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov.

The root is described as possessing emetic, laxative, stomachic and rubefacient properties. The leaves and young stems are sometimes cooked as a vegetable, the seeds are used as a tonic.

397Schmidelia rubifolia Hochst. SUMEIMA (Fung)—Arab; MEREMERET (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Low tree with 3-fol. leaves, without stipules. Leaflets obovate-cuneate, more or less crenate, the lower surface grey-downy. Flowers on axillary racemes 2-3 in. long.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli & J. Daier); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit & Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

S. africana DC.

Tree, 30-40 ft. high. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, the central one 4-6 in. long, oblong-cuneate, with the cuneate base entire and upper edges distantly and bluntly toothed. Flowers in axillary and terminal panicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land: at Tuhami’s Zariba).

The fruits are used in Abyssinia as a remedy for tapeworm; the wood is described as very strong and close grained.

S. Schweinfurthii Gilg.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-oblanceolate, acute, denticulate in the upper part, 3½-5 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Panicles lax, long and slender, puberulous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

S. cf. S. Schweinfurthii Gilg. TULŪNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

S. sp. (or Rhus sp.). KURINYIL (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

398Aporrhiza paniculata Radlk.

Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong-elliptic, emarginate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, reticulate, glabrous. Flowers small, widely paniculate. Fruits 2-lobed, flat, 1 in. broad, tomentose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

399Dodonæa viscosa Linn. TATTAS—Hadendowa; TASHAS—Rashida.

Shrub or small tree with glossy, linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers polygamous, in short terminal panicles, yellowish; sepals 5; petals none. Capsule with 2-4 membranous wings.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has to 22° N.L.).

A useful and attractive hedge plant. The wood is close-grained, hard and durable, pores moderately fine, irregularly distributed, medullary rays very numerous, indistinct. The plant is reputed to possess some medicinal properties, both as a febrifuge, and when boiled with water as an embrocation for sprains, bruises, etc.

ANACARDIACEÆ.

400Mangifera indica Linn. Mango.

Evergreen tree. Leaves coriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 in. long.

Introduced.

Grown in gardens throughout the country. Some varieties form handsome trees bearing excellent fruit.

401Rhus villosa Linn.

Shrub, sometimes thorny; leaves 3-fol. Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse, often apiculate.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra); Bahr El Jebel.

R. near R. villosa Linn. SAMŌT—Hadendowa.

Shrub; leaves trifol.; leaflets obovate, crenate, about 1 in. long, pubescent below. Flowers and fruit not seen.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000-7,500 ft.).

Fruit said to be eaten.

R. abyssinica Hochst. ALONGKOY—Dinka; VULASIM—Golo; AKNALKUALA—Jur; SAMŌT or SAMOP—Hadendowa.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets oval or oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, pubescent, not reticulate above. Flowering panicles hairy, axillary, shorter than the leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).

R. oxyacantha Schousb.

Branches spiny. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-cuneate, coarsely crenate, ½-¾ in. long, ciliate. Flowers very small, in short panicles. Fruit shining, ⅓ in. in diam.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

R. glaucescens A. Rich.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol., coriaceous. Leaflets glabrous or puberulous along the midrib, oval to lanceolate, obtuse, entire to crenulate-dentate. Panicles shorter than the leaves, axillary.

Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

R. pulcherrima Oliv.

Shrub; leaves simple, alternate, 4-10 in. long, oblong or oblong elliptical, with minute silvery tomentum beneath.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Bahr El Jebel).

R. insignis Del. LAHLA or LALAI—Hadendowa.

Tree or shrub; leaves simple, approximate, in threes; fruit black resinous.

Red Sea Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

R. dioica Willd.

Armed shrub; leaflets 3, broad crenate.

Red Sea Prov. (22° N.L.)

402Odina fruticosa Hochst. LEYUN—Arab; KOWA—Hameg; TILLA—Burun.

Moderate-sized tree; leaves pinnate, 9-15 fol., at length glabrous, present when flowers appear; leaflets obliquely lanceolate, subsessile. Flowers 4-merous in stout, fulvous, axillary spikes.

Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

This tree and other species of Odina yield a gum.

O. Schimperi Hochst. AMZAQ (Baggara)—Arab; HAMMADAI—Hadendowa.

Tree; leafless at time of flowering. Leaves imparipinnate, 9-11 fol., at length glabrous. Leaflets subsessile, oblique at base, narrowly acuminate. Racemes simple, while in flower terminal on branches.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

O. Barteri Oliv. HAMADAB—Hadendowa; KLANDA—Golo; WEEDA—Zande.

Middle-sized to large tree, leafless during the dry months. Leaves pinnate, 7-11 fol., softly hispid pubescent, at length scabrid. Spikes fascicled on old wood.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Niamniam-land, etc.)

The bast of the bark is made into a rope.

O. cf. O. Barteri Oliv.

Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, about 3 in. long and 2 in. broad, softly tomentose below. Fruits oblong, with 3 humps, glabrous, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).

O. humilis Oliv. ARISH (Fung), LEYUN (Baggara) & HOMEID (Kordn.)—Arab.

Shrub or small tree, sometimes gregarious. Leaves pinnate, densely hairy beneath, 9-11 fol., short; leaflets elliptical to ovate. Flower spikes up to 1½ in. long, densely tomentose; ovary hairy.

Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov.

O. sp. N’DU-N’DU—Golo.

Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or elliptic, about 2½ in. long and 1½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers and fruit not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

Bark used for ropes.

O. near microcarpa A. Rich.

Small tree.

Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

O. sp. UMSURUJ (Baggara)—Arab.

Moderate-sized tree.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli).

O. sp. KULUWEI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Tree.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

403Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl.

Tree, 80 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely ovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad. Flowers very small in large panicles. Fruits oblong, ¾ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika).

The fruit is edible.

404Sclerocarya near S. Caffra Sond. RUFI—Bari.

Tree with pinnate leaves; leaflets 7-11.

Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

S. Birrea Hochst. HOMEID—Arab; KŌI (J. Eliri), & INDENU (Kadugli)—Nuba; MAT—Bari; DUNGDUNG—Golo; AKAMIL (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; KABTI—Burun; ALLANFA—Hameg.

Tree with pinnate leaves. Leaflets 9-23, oblong-, ovate-, or obovate-elliptical, usually mucronate, entire or toothed, up to 2 in. long. Male flowers in short spikes or racemes; drupes solitary, size of a walnut.

Fung, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Mongalla Prov.

The wood is used for making vessels for holding food.

Fruit eaten.

CONNARACEÆ.

405Byrsocarpus pseudobaccatus Schellenb.

Tree 20 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets elliptic to obovate, obtuse, 3-4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Racemes in dense fascicles. Fruit curved, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

405aRourea gudjuana Gilg.

Shrub. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 2½-4 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, reticulate. Racemes densely fasciculate, axillary. Fruits ovoid-lanceolate, acute, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Gudju).

406Agelæa Schweinfurthii Gilg.

Shrub, 8 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 3½ in. long and 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in terminal panicles. Fruit obliquely obovoid, tomentellous, ½ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe River).

407Cnestis cf. C. oblongifolia Baker.

Woody climber. Flowers white, without smell; fruit orange, acid. Leaves imparipinnate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). Fruit orange-acid.

UMBELLIFERÆ.

408Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn.

Perennial herb giving out long runners from axils of leaves on root-stock. Leaves from root-stock or 1 or 2 together from nodes of runners, reniform, shallowly crenate. Flowers subsessile, usually 3 together at end of short erect peduncles, pink. Peduncles 1-3 from nodes opposite the leaves. Fruit ovoid, hard with primary and secondary ribs obscure.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zeriba).

H. natans Cyr.

Creeping perennial, rooting at nodes. Leaves long-petioled, suborbicular, shallow-crenate, subpeltate. Umbels ab. 7 flowered. Fruit minute, longitudinally ridged.

Bahr El Zeraf; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd to Bor).

409Pimpinella etbaica Schwfth.

Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves, the lower long petioled, pinnately tripartite, the upper variously trifid. Umbels compound, primary rays 3-7, secondary 7-12, involucres absent. Flowers white or violet; fruit covered with hooked hairs.

Red Sea Prov. (above 2,000 ft.).

410Diplolophium abyssinicum Benth. & Hook. f.

Perennial 2-5 ft. high, sometimes perfumed like peppermint. Leaves up to 1 ft. and more long, many times divided, segments filiform; petioles up to 5 in. long, sheathing. Umbels compound, primary rays numerous from an involucre of stout 1 in. long, pubescent bracts; secondary rays numerous, from involucels of ab. ½ in. long bracteoles. Flowers comparatively large, hermaphrodite. Petals emarginate. Fruit cylindrical with 2 long styles.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: steppes near the Kishi River); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.).

411Fœniculum vulgare Gærth. Common Fennel.

Herb 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 times pinnate; segments narrow, linear. Umbels compound, without involucres, 15-20 rays in umbel. Fruit ¼ in. long, oval, slightly compressed laterally; vittæ conspicuous under the furrows.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5-9,000 ft.).

412Sium Thunbergii DC. Prod.

Marsh herb, with runners. Leaves pinnate, dentate, 1 ft. long, with sheathing, auricled petiole 5 in. long. Umbels compound; rays numerous with many-leaved involucres and involucels. Fruit shortly ovoid, compressed.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

S. angustifolium Linn.

Perennial up to 2 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; segments of lower leaves 8-10 pairs and an odd one, ovate-lanceolate, serrate; upper leaves, segments less numerous, but larger and more deeply toothed or lobed. Umbels compound with primary and secondary involucres, lateral; carpels with 5 slender ribs and several vittæ.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

413Peucedanum Grantii Kingston.

Stout glabrous herb up to 7 ft. high. Lower leaves bipinnate, upper ternate, on dilated petioles. Umbels compound, paniculate on a distinct peduncle; primary rays numerous with no involucre or only 1 small bract; secondary numerous; involucel of several bracteoles. Fruit ⅓ in. long, with 3 longitudinal ridges.

White Nile Prov.

P. graveolens Benth. & Hook. f. The Dill Plant.

Erect, glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves much divided; segments linear-bristly. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Involucre and involucels none. Flowers yellow. Fruit 1/5 in. oval oblong, compressed, ridged, with lateral wings.

Darfur Prov.

Cultivated.

P. fraxinifolium Hiern. ASAD EL TUGULE & ASAT EL GIRD (Baggara)—Arab; DAHKIKAK (J. Daier), KOTUNDURAK (J. Eliri) & N’DARABWA (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Small fleshy tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 9. Umbels compound, arranged together, on about ½ a dozen 5 in. long peduncles at end of branches. Fruit obovate, broadly winged.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s country).

414Coriandrum sativum Linn. Common Coriander.

Erect branching annual up to 18 in. high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; upper leaves much divided with linear segments. Umbels terminal, of 5-8 rays. Involucre none, involucels of few bracts. Fruit globose, ribs not very prominent, vittæ none.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

ERICACEÆ.

415Blæria spicata Hochst.

Heath-like low shrub. Leaves alt., or more commonly 3 whorled, linear to lanceolate, revolute. Fl. up to ¼ in. long, pink, in leafy racemes from upper axils, 4-merous; anthers 4, 2-lobed, opening by terminal pores and with 2 short basal bristles. Capsule 4-valved.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,500-9,000 ft.).

EBENACEÆ.

416Euclea Kellau Hochst. GUM or OGUM—Hadendowa.

Shrub with subopposite, bright green, coriaceous leaves, obovate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. white, heath-like, in 9-12 flowered racemes, diœcious; male fl. with 12 stamens. Fruit globose, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).

Fruit eaten.

417Maba abyssinica Hiern. GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; SHOM—Dinka; SHOMU—Golo; MIENNA—Burun.

Small tree. Leaves alt., lanceolate-oblong, 2-5 in. long. Fl. axillary, subsessile, clustered, diœcious, mostly trimerous; male fl. minute; stamens 14, mostly in pairs; fem. fl. 3-5 together; style 3-dentate; staminodes 3-4. Fruit subglobose, ½ in. diam.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.

Wood dark, takes a fine polish, is used for gun stocks.

M. sp.

Shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, glabrous. Fruits sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, ½ in. long, glabrous, girt by the persistent cupular calyx.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near the Teh).

418Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; ARĪAP & ARIAI—Hadendowa; SHŪM (Dilling) & KWAR (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KUMI—Bari; SHOM—Dinka; CHUMU or SHOMU—Golo; KOLOME—Bongo or Zande.

Tree, sometimes large, with black bark. Leaves alt., oblong to obovate 2-6 in. long. Fl. white diœcious; infl. axillary, short. Male fl. ferruginous-tomentose, 5, occasionally 4-merous, small; stamens 10-16, often in pairs; fem. fl. 1-3 together, 3-5-merous, staminodes 6-8, styles 2, bilobed. Fr. subglobose 1 in. diam.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gughan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, native ebony; & Bongo-land, a favourite fruit); Mongalla Prov.

Wood dark, streaked with black near wounds, takes a fine polish. It is used by natives for making clubs. The heart-wood, which is black, furnishes one of the ebonies of commerce. Fruit edible.

SAPOTACEÆ.

419Butyrospermum Parkii Kotschy. var. niloticum Kotschy. LULU—Arab; KOR or KOAR or KORI—Bongo; RAK—Dinka; RIVIA, BAA or BAK—Golo; RAK or YAU—Jur; RIEK—Nuer.

Large tree with black rough bark, yielding a milky juice producing an inferior gutta-percha. Leaves crowded at ends of branches, oblong, sometimes emarginate, 6-9 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, lateral nerves prominent, arcuate; petiole 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense umbels in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the branchlets; calyx lobes in 2 rows of 4; cor. segments 8; st. 8; petaloid cuspidate staminodes 8; fruit subglobose, 1½ to 2 in. long, containing a sweet edible pulp and a seed not unlike a horse-chestnut.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Mittu lands, Mosanga & Niamniam country); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

The wood is very hard and heavy, it is reddish in colour and takes a fine polish. It is used for mortars, bowls, and for building. The fruit is edible, and the seed is known in commerce as Shea Nut. The kernels of the nuts yield about 50 per cent. of fat called Shea Butter, which has been found useful in the manufacture of candles, soap, and butter substitutes. Locally it is used by the natives for food, for anointing the body, and for lighting purposes.

420Mimusops Schweinfurthii Engl. BĪ or BEI or IRDOKO—Golo; NIANLALWEL—Dinka; NIANLALWEL & DENYA—Jur.

Leaves crowded on stout shoots, obovate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, silvery silky below. Flowers densely clustered, axillary; pedicels ⅙ in. long. Sepals pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).

Wood dark-red, very hard. Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.

M. Kummel Bruce. NIANLALWEL—Dinka & Jur; PILI—Golo.

Middle-sized tree with dark bark and milky juice. Leaves alt., oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in few-flowered axillary clusters, coated with brown tomentum; calyx ½ in. long, lobes 8, in 2 rows, cor. white, 24 lobes, 16 in outer and 8 in inner; sta. 8, staminodes 8, linear; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous, 1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Bongo-lands).

Wood pale brown, fairly hard, used for spear shafts. The fruit is the size of a cherry and is edible.

M. djurensis Engl.

Leaves scattered on slender shoots, obovate, obtusely acuminate, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, slightly pubescent, girt with the persistent lanceolate sepals.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur & Bongo lands).

MYRSINACEÆ.

421Mæsa lanceolata Forsk.

Tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, serrated. Fl. minute, white 5-merous, in axillary panicles 2-4 in. long. Fruit globose, crowned with persistent style and stigma.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).

M. sp.

Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, repand-dentate, pubescent on the nerves. Racemes axillary, slender. Fl. white, very small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo River 7,690 Schwfth).

422Embelia nilotica Oliv.

Large tree; extremities rufous-hairy. Leaves alt., obovate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous above, hairy beneath, especially on the nerves. Racemes axillary, 1 in. long; fl. minute, whitish, 5-merous; fr. globose, small.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

LOGANIACEÆ.

423Mostuea Schweinfurthii Baker.

Shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, subsessile, 1-2 in. long; stip. interpetiolar oblong, brown, scarious. Cymes few-flowered, terminal enclosed in a pair of orbicular bracts, ½ in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. white, with 10 yellow streaks in the tube, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

424Nuxia dentata R. Br.

Small tree. Leaves opp. or verticillate, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, dentate, shining. Fl. small, greenish, 4-merous, in corymbose cymes.

Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit, in rocky gully).

425Anthocleista nobilis G. Don.

Tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves opp., obovate, cuneate, 9-12 in. or, in young plants, up to 4 or 5 ft. long, crowded at ends of branches with pungent spines between them; petiole dilated at base. Cymes terminal; cor. white or dull-yellow; lobes about 16, each ½ in. long; st. as many. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River & Boddo River).

A. Schweinfurthii Gilg.

Tall tree. Leaves opp., oval, oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 6-20 in. long, coriaceous; petioles 2-3 in. long, auricled, connate. Cymes compound, 1 ft. long; cor. 1 in. long, lobes and stamens 9-11. Fr. obovoid-oblong, 1½ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).

426Strychnos penduliflora Baker.

Small tree. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes many-flowered, pendulous; fl. 4-5-merous, minute, white. Fruit globose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Chak Chak).

S. innocua Del. UMBUKHEISA (Baggara) & HOG EL FIL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Arab; TINTUKUKI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BOLOGU or PIGHADI—Golo.

Tree. Leaves opp., oblong or obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, nerved from base and 2 others above. Cymes few-fl. lateral; cor. white ¼ in. long, hairy at throat. Fruit size of an orange.

Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on quartz); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir, & Jur Ghattas, and near Pongo River).

Fruit edible but very sour. Wood white, coarse.

S. xerophila Baker. ERG EL SAGGAT—Arab.

Small tree. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved from base, coriaceous. Cymes few-fl., lateral, sessile; cor. white, ⅓ in. long. Fruit size of an orange, edible.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land and Kutshuk Ali).

The burning bark is applied as a cautery to snake-bites. The root is pounded in water for the bath in case of fever.

S. spinosa Lam.

Shrub with hooked thorns from the nodes. Leaves opp., obovate or suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, 5-nerved from near base. Cymes short, dense, terminal; cor. greenish, small. Fruit size and colour of an orange, edible.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, between Deims & Atem River, & Jur Ghattas).

S. gracillima Gilg.

Shrub with hooked spines from the nodes. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 1 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; cor. white small. Fruit 2 in. diam.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

S. emarginata Baker.

Pubescent shrub with hooked thorns. Leaves opp., obovate, 1-2 in. long, emarginate with small mucro, glossy, 5-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; fl. small. Fr. 2 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

S. sp.

Shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Tendrils hook-like.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).

OLEACEÆ.

427Jasminum Schweinfurthii Gilg.

Scandent pubescent shrub. Leaves simple, opp., oblong, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on axillary and terminal pedicels; cor. white, lobes 6-7, lanceolate; tube 1 in. long; stamens 2 as in all this natural order. Fr. a berry.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & south).

J. near J. pauciflorum Benth.

Shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, obovate, acuminate, 1½-2 in. long, pubescent. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, sweet smelling. Corolla tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 6-7, about ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

J. ternifolium Baker.

Shrub. Leaves simple, in whorls of 3, oblong or ovate, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. in dense panicled flat-topped cymes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Sabbi).

J. Steudneri Schwfth.

Pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., lower simple, upper 3-fol., leaflets ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. tube ¾ in. long; lobes 5; berry small subglobose.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit Mts. near Suakin).

J. mauritianum Bojer.

Shrub. Leaves opp., 3-fol.; leaflets ovate, 2-3 in. long. Cymes terminal and axillary, panicled at ends of branches; cor. white; tube ¾-1 in. long; lobes 6-8. Berry small globose.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

J. floribundum R. Br.

Scandent shrub. Leaves opp. imparipinnate; leaflets 5, ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. white, fragrant; tube ab. ¾ in. long; lobes 5.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Red Sea Prov.

Nearly allied to the common Jasmine.

J. officinale Linn. HENDAMALAWE—Hadendowa; MILMILO—Rashida.

Scandent shrub. Leaves opp., trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; corolla tube ½ in. long; lobes ovate, acute. Berry 2-lobed, shining.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

428Olea Hochstetteri Baker.

Tall tree. Leaves opp., simple, oblong, 3-4 in. long, minutely cuspidate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, or nearly so beneath; petiole ½-¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in lateral and terminal racemes; cor. tube short; lobes 4, longer than the tube; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).

O. europæa Linn. var. nubica Schwfth. ZEITUN—Arab; DADD’A—Hadendowa.

Stunted bush with congested or thinly lepidote branches, or small tree. Leaves orbicular or oblong, up to 2 in. long, glabrous or brownish-white scaly beneath, opp. Fl. and fr. not seen.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).

Wood hard, close grained. Considered by Schweinfurth to be the primitive stock of the cultivated Olive tree.

O. chrysophylla Lam. WAGRI—Rashida; DADD’A Hadendowa.

Tree with slender branchlets, extremities densely lepidote. Leaves lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, narrowed each end, glabrous above when mature, densely rufous-lepidote beneath. Panicles axillary, sparsely compound, 1-1½ in. long; cor. ⅛ in. long. Drupe globose, ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8-10,000 ft.).

429Linociera nilotica Oliv.

Tall tree with a trunk 6-8 ft. in girth; branchlets glabrous, whitish. Leaves opp., simple, entire, oblong, 2-5 in. long; petiole ab. ½ in. Panicles lateral, 1-2 in. long; petals 4, small, nearly free; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.

(?Upper) White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Bongo and Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.

APOCYNACEÆ.

430Landolphia florida Benth. ABU KHAMIR & ALGULU-AR (Blue Nile)—Arab; SHANGYE (Dilling)—Nuba; MUNOH—Bongo; MANA—Dinka; BIH & IVI—Golo; BIH—Indogo; APWAMAH—Jur; SUSSI—Krej.

Very large woody climber, sometimes up to 3 ft. girth, with milky sap; tendrils long, branched. Leaves opp., simple, variable, usually elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 3-7 in. long, dark green and glossy above. Fl. in terminal, pubescent, dense corymbs; cor. white, with yellow throat, 5-lobed, variable in size, fragrant; st. 5, included, anthers linear-oblong. Fruit more or less globose, citron-like, yellow, up to 4 in. diam, pulp yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Banks of Khors near Dilling); Upper White Nile Prov. (Upper Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

The latex yields a resinous rubber of no commercial value. Fruit globose, acidulous, edible.

var. leiantha Oliv.

Infl. more glabrous than in type.

Kassala Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

L. petersiana Dyer. var. Schweinfurthiana Stapf. DUNGO—Golo.

Scandent shrub, shoots rusty-tomentose when young, the terminal infl. acting as tendrils. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3½-4½ in. long, coriaceous, loosely pubescent when young. Panicle, rachis and branches twining, the latter bearing clusters of sessile flowers; cor. white, fragrant, lobes 5 overlapping, ½-¾ in. long, tube ¼ in. Fr. globose, up to 2½ in. diam., finely velvety.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Pongo).

The latex yields an inferior rubber.

L. owariensis Beauv. var. tomentella Stapf. NGELEH—Bongo; ODILOH—Dinka; N’DALA & VANGA—Golo; ATILOB—Jur; WAWA—Krej.

Woody climber, with forked, hooked tendrils; young parts densely fulvous tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic, 2-3½ in. long. Panicles terminal pyramidal or ovoid; cor. white, turning brownish, tube ¼ in. long; lobes spreading or reflexed, ab. ⅙ in. long. Fr. globose 1-2½ in. diam., yellow mottled red, wrinkled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Yields the best Sudan rubber. Fruit sweet, edible.

431Clitandra Schweinfurthii Stapf. KOH—Golo & Indogo.

Climbing shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, coriaceous, shining above; veins conspicuous, raised. Cymes few-flowered axillary; cor. lobes white, overlapping, ¾ in. long; tube yellow, ⅓ in. Fr. globose, 2 in. diam., reddish-brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

Latex sticky.

432Carissa edulis Vahl.

Spinous shrub, more or less glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes several-flowered. Corolla ½ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

var. tomentosa Stapf. AGAM—Rashida; HARNAB—Hadendowa; SIRKUKA—Bari; AFININ—Dinka; PELLE or TINDI—Golo; POPOGI & (the fruit) RINDICHWE—Zande.

Dense spinous shrub, spines opp., usually straight, 1-2 in. long. Leaves opp., usually ovate to ovate-elliptic, ¾-2 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose. Fl. in axillary or terminal clusters; cor. white or purple; lobes overlapping, up to ⅓ in. long; tube ½-¾ in. long. Berry globose, purple to black, ¼-½ in. diam.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gardus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd & Mongalla Prov.).

The bark is used as medicine in Bahr El Ghazal Prov. The fruit is similar to the damson plum, and is very agreeable in taste.

433Rauwolfia oxyphylla Stapf.

Tree 30-40 ft. Leaves oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous, with numerous lateral nerves. Cymes lax with very small flowers. Corolla tube ⅙ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

R. vomitoria Afz.

Shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high, glabrous except infl.; young branches quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, lanceolate to elliptic, more or less acuminate both ends, 3-7 in. long. Fl. in terminal or pseudo-axillary, much branched, umbellate cymes; cor. white, lobes ovate, small, tube ¼ in. long, hairy in the mouth. Fruit a simple or divaricate twin drupe; drupes free, ovoid, subapiculate, ab. ⅓ in. long, red.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).

434Pleiocarpa microcarpa Stapf.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves ternate, oblong, 4-7 in. long, glaucous below; petiole 4-6 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters; calyx minute, sepals ovate, obtuse. Fr. a berry, ellipsoid or obovoid.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).

435Alstonia congensis Engl. BIRR (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.)—Dinka; BANGI—Golo; MBADI—Zande.

Large tree. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, oblanceolate to obovate, cuneate, 4-7 in. long; nerves prominent, 30-40 on each side. Fl. white in terminal compound, whorled panicles, each of its branches having 2-3 tiers of whorled pseudo-umbels of 4-7 fl.; cor. tube nearly ½ in. long, lobes under ¼ in. long, contorted. Fr. of 2 follicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream).

The wood is light, white, and soft. It is used for making native stools, furniture, war-drums and boats. The bark is reputed to be poisonous, but is used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes.