ANGIOSPERMÆ (continued 2)

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

M. Balsamina Pinn. (EL) SHA’ALUK & (EL) YEIR (Blue Nile), (EL) ERRA (N. Kordn.) & BEYLÄSĀN (Egypt), TAMR EL ABID—Arab.

Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed. Flowers monœcious; male flower solitary on bracteate peduncle, yellow or white, centre black, anthers flexuous. Fruit fleshy, beaked, red when ripe, 1-3 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & Karora); Blue Nile, Fung, Darfur & Kordofan Provinces.

The fruit is eaten, especially by the Fellata. In Syria it is used for curing wounds. The leaves are cooked and eaten; they are said also to be good camel fodder.

M. Charantia Linn.

Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately 7-9-fid, cordate. Flowers yellow, monœcious, on long, slender peduncles, with a reniform bract near the base. Fruit about 1½ in. long, ovoid-fusiform, with longitudinal tubercled lines, with a decurved beak, orange when ripe; seeds enclosed in scarlet pulp.

Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

M. Schimperiana Naudin.

Herbaceous climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, dentate. Fruit size of an egg, covered with soft bristles, scarlet when ripe.

Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

M. Morkorra A. Rich.

Glabrous or pubescent climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-5 in. long; tendrils simple. Flowers monœcious; corolla rotate, yellow, 2 in. broad. Fruit ovoid, red when ripe, densely hairy, 1-2 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

M. multiflora Hook. f.

Slender climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, faintly sinuate-toothed, 2-6 in. long; tendrils simple or forked. Male flowers many on solitary or paired peduncles, hairy; corolla ¾ in. diameter; yellow; anthers 3, cells curved. Fr. ovoid, red, crowned with dried flower.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

M. Cymbalaria Fenzl.

Climber with woody, tuberous root. Leaves orbicular-reniform, 1-2 in. broad, fleshy, 5-7 lobed; tendrils simple. Male flower racemose, hairy; corolla 5-lobed, ½ in. diameter, yellow; filaments 2, one 2- and one 3-cleft; cells twisted. Fr. spindle-shaped, 8-ribbed, greenish.

Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov.

The tubers are used to procure abortion.

164Cucumis Melo Linn. AGUR or AJUR (N. Kordn., Wild form), FAGUS (Sweet Senat), AJUR (Bitter Senat), also SENAT, SENAT-TIBISH, & SENAT AJUR (Kordn.), AJUR EL KELB (Meshra El Zeraf) & SHAMMAM—Arab The Sweet Melon.

Prostrate or climbing, prickly herb. Leaves cordate, reniform or ovate, 3-5 lobed, irregularly toothed, scabrid, ½ to 1 in. long. Male flower fascicled 1 to many, small, yellow; anthers 3, cells twisted, connective produced, oblong, serrate. Fruit ovoid-globose, greenish-yellow.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Abu Selem); Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum, Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. Cultivated and also wild.

C. Figarei Del.

Trailing and climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves scabrid, 5-7 deeply lobed, toothed, 1-2 in. diameter. Flowers hairy, yellow, small. Fruit broad ovoid, covered with blunt tubercles.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati, Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, Shambe); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

C. Prophetarum Linn. HABASHKOL (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Annual climber with stiff, rough hairs. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1¼ in. broad. Male flower yellow, hairy; anthers 3, appendaged. Fruit broad ovoid; green, with pale longitudinal bands, covered with soft spines, 1½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

The fruit is bitter and is used as an emetic.

C. dipsaceus Ehrenb. AJUR EL GHAZAL (Meshra El Zeraf) & AJUR—Arab; APET (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; ABDALOUR—Jur; ABERTGH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.

Slender herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves rounded or oblong-reniform, entire or shallowly 3-5 lobed; scabrid, 2-4 in. broad; petioles bristly. Male flower hairy; anthers appendaged. Fr. broadly ovoid, ½ in. long, densely bristly.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Old Dongola to Merowe); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder mouth); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Meginas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

C. sativus Linn. KHIAR—Arab. The Cucumber.

Climbing herb, stem hispid. Leaves 3-5 lobed. Fruit fusiform-oblong, green, tubercled.

Cultivated everywhere.

C. metuliferus E. Mey.

Herbaceous climber. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, toothed, stiffly pubescent, 2-4 in. diameter each way. Male flower: anthers 3-appendaged. Fruit long, ovoid, 3-5 in. long, with scattered stout conical prickles, orange when ripe.

Blue Nile & Mongalla Provinces. Cultivated.

C. Pepo DC. ARAA or GARAA KOSSA—Arab.

Prostrate herb. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Petioles and leaf-nerves prickly. Fruit oblong, large.

Cultivated. Vegetable Marrow.

165Bryonopsis laciniosa Linn.

Slender climber; tendrils forked. Leaves 5-7 in. broad, 5-7 lobed, cordate, scabrid, serrate. Male and female flowers in the same leaf axil; corolla campanulate, small, yellow; stamens 3, anthers cohering, flexuous. Fruit globose, 1 in. diameter, green, striped with yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.).

166Mukia scabrella Arn.

Hispid herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves cordate, almost triangular. Flowers monœcious, small, yellow, male and female together in axillary clusters. Fruit almost globose, with a few scattered hairs, ½ in. diameter, scarlet.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Suakin & Berber (Gireshab); Upper White Nile Prov. (opposite Tonga Mission); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

Used medicinally on the West Coast as an aperient and sudorific, and also for flatulency.

167Zehneria cordifolia Schwfth.

Slender climber. Leaves cordate or triangular-cordate, 1½-2 in. diameter. Male and female flowers in the same axil. Flowers white. Fruit a berry, ¼ in. diameter, globose.

Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mbomu, near the Lesi R.).

168Melothria deltoidea Benth.

Slender trailing or climbing plant. Leaves triangular-hastate. Flowers white, monœcious; anthers distinct; fruit almost fusiform. Tendrils simple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

M. tridactyla Hook. f.

Very slender thread-like branches. Leaves deltoid, very thin, 2 in. long and broad, scabrid-warted on both sides; tendrils thread-like. Flowers very small, on slender racemes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River, 3729 Schwfth).

169Kedrostis foetidissima Cogn. SHA’ALUK—Arab.

Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. Flowers small, male in slender racemes, female solitary, monœcious. Fruit fœtid, rugose, beaked, orange coloured when ripe.

Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, Djuiho).

The root is used for curing piles and asthma. The berry is used as cure for sore throat, also when pounded up is given to sick cattle. The stem is dried and pounded and used for mixing with snuff.

K. sp.

Small climber with yellow flowers.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).

170Corallocarpus Fenzlii Hook. f.

Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, 3-5 lobed, 3-4 in. diameter. Fruit ovoid, long beaked, fleshy, scarlet.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

C. erostris Hook. f.

Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, obtusely 5-angled. Fruit hardly or not at all beaked, scarlet.

Nubian Coast; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Soturba).

C. Gijef Hook. f.

Prostrate; stem woody. Leaves scabrid, reniform, ovate, ¾ in. diameter, 3-lobed, distantly toothed, scabrid-glandular; tendrils stout, corky, white. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Fruit very short beaked, scarlet.

Sudan North (Between Berber & Red Sea, in Wadis); Kassala Prov. (J. Kirureb); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Kaija Nuba).

C. Ehrenbergii Hook. f.

Prostrate. Leaves deeply 3-5 lobed. Fruit beak slender, ½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).

C. etbaicus Hook. f.

Prostrate; stem angular. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1-2 in. diameter, ashy grey. Fruit short-beaked, ½-⅔ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).

171Ctenolepis fimbristipula K. & P.

Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Fruit size of a cherry, when ripe red, with white markings. Stipular bracts, broad, fringed.

Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

172Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. BATTIKH—Arab. The Watermelon.

Climbing or trailing herb; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves glabrous or slightly hairy, palmately 3 or 7-lobed; lobes pinnatifid. Fruit globular, up to size of a man’s head, green.

Cultivated everywhere on river banks and sandbanks.

The natives of the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. grow amongst their rain crops an inedible variety called KOREISH BATTIKH (Arab) or DITIRA (Zande), and extract an edible oil from the seeds.

C. Colocynthis Schrad. HANDAL—Arab; DUAB—Nuer.

Climbing, or more usually, prostrate herb. Leaves much as above, but scabrid on both surfaces. Fruit globose, the size of a cricket ball, intensely bitter.

North Sudan.

The Colocynth Fruit, or Bitter Apple of Commerce. The pulp is extracted and exported, it possesses powerful cathartic properties and is widely used in medicine. In the Sudan a tar is obtained from the fruit with which water bags are dressed in order to prevent camels from tearing them open. The powdered pulp, either alone or mixed with Black Pepper, is used as a preventative against the Clothes Moth.

173Cephalandra indica Naud.

Climbing perennial; tendrils simple; stem angular and grooved. Leaves usually broad cordate-ovate, more or less deeply 5-lobed, glabrous. Flowers diœcious, solitary, axillary; stamens 3, anthers connate. Fruit ovoid-oblong, slightly beaked, scarlet.

Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).

The scarlet, oblong fruit, is eaten both raw or cooked. The juice of the tap-root is used for diabetes.

C. Moghadd Aschers. MUGHAD—Arab.

Climbing. Leaves pentagonal or sub-5-lobed to nearly the middle, dentate, with glandular teeth, very acute, up to 4½ in. long, closely scabrid-warted all over; tendrils slender, undivided. Flowers fairly large, with spreading gamopetalous corolla. Fruits oblong, fibrous, 2½ in. long.

White Nile Prov.

C. quinqueloba Schrad. MUGHAD (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 3-5 in. broad, with glands at base of nerves. Flowers diœcious. Male flower solitary or subcymose; stamens 3; anthers connate, twisted. Female flower solitary, white or yellow. Fruit oblong-ovoid.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nuer & Dinka Country); Sudd Country (Hillet El Nuer).

Fruit edible.

C. diversifolia Naud.

Prostrate or climbing herb. Leaves 1-6 in. broad, upper ovate-cordate, acuminate, toothed; lower palmately, deeply 3-5 lobed, hispid. Male flower, corolla broadly campanulate; stamens 3, filaments partly free. Fruit ovoid, marbled red, white and yellow.

Between Suakin & Berber (J. Okurr); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

174Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. ARAA- or GARAA-STAMBULI or -AASSALI (Egypt)—Arab. Pumpkin.

Creeping herb. Leaves large, 5-lobed. Fruit large.

CARICACEÆ.

175Carica Papaya Linn. PIPI—Zande. Paw-Paw.

Small, soft-wooded tree, showing leaf-scars on the stem. Leaves large palmatifid. Fruit of female tree almost sessile on stem close to base of the leaves, the size of a small melon, the orange-yellow pulp of which is eaten.

Introduced. Cultivated in gardens.

Fruit edible, possesses a digestive principle called Papain, similar to Pepsin, which is marketed as a drug.

CACTACEÆ.

176Opuntia Dillenii Haw. BRITTEIN—Hadendowa.

Succulent subarborescent plants with more or less prickly, jointed stems and branches; joints flat, obovate. Flowers from upper edge of joints, yellow, tinged with red, 2-3 in. across. Fruit pyriform, edible when ripe.

The Prickly Pear, cultivated and sub-wild. Originally introduced from America.

OCHNACEÆ.

177Ochna Schweinfurthiana F. Hoffm.

A tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, widely emarginate, about 3½ in. long and 1½ in. broad, serrulate, many-nerved; flowers clustered, long-pedicellate; sepals 1 cm. long; fruits 1 cm. long, reticulate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Deragoh).

O. ardisioides Webb.

Small or middle-sized tree, with coriaceous leaves; flowers in twos, on old wood. Style 4-5-fid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires).

O. leucophlœos Hochst.

Tortuous shrub. Leaves coriaceous, closely serrulate, 3-6 in. long. Flowers 3-10 together, on old wood, yellow; anthers dehiscing by pore-like slits.

Fung Prov.

O. sp.

Shrub, with dark bark; leafless at time of flowering; flowers white.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Between Wau & Deim Zubeir).

O. sp.

Mittu-land (Derago).

178Lophira alata Banks. TANGA—Dinka & Jur, ZAWA—Zande.

Tree with long, glossy leaves; fruit like a shuttlecock, usually 3-winged. Flowers white or yellow, in terminal pyramidal panicles.

Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (from Wau southwards).

The seeds yield an oil which is used in cooking, for hair oil and for making soap. The wood is very hard and heavy (density 1.1), difficult to work. It is dark brown in colour, and is suitable for heavy joinery and sleepers.

179Ouratea Arnoldiana De Wild & Dur.

Gomphia Arnoldiana DC.

Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, with very numerous but obscure parallel nerves, minutely and distantly toothed; flowers yellow, few in racemes, shorter than the leaves.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River).

O. densiflora De Wild & Dur.

Gomphia densiflora DC.

Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-obovate, very shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, rather closely serrulate, with rather distant lateral nerves; flowers in lax panicles longer than the leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku Stream).

180Sauvagesia erecta Linn.

Small herb. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrulate; stipules persistent, pectinate-ciliate. Flowers small, white, rose or violet; fertile stamens 5; staminodes in two rows, inner of 5 petaloid, and outer of numerous capitate hairs. Capsule 3-valved.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dokuttu: Bongo-land, to Congo).

The plant is very mucilaginous.

DIPTEROCARPACEÆ.

181Monotes Kerstingii Gilg. MELLA—Dinka.

Small tree; fruit surrounded by the enlarged ring-like sepals. Leaves elliptic, rounded at both ends, with about 12 pairs of lateral nerves, softly white tomentose below, about 4 in. by 2¾ in.; flowers small, in axillary cymes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: East of Tonj, Bongo-land & Dar Fertit).

MYRTACEÆ.

182Syzygium guineense DC. KORONGO, AGUA or AGUD—Golo; KULOH or KULA—Jur; SANAMBIRI—Zande.

Two types: (a) A large tree with heavy foliage. Leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminate. Flowers pale yellow, fragrant. (b) Small tree with ovate or obovate leaves. Flowers white.

Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 4-8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces: Jur-land & Mittu-land: Kuragera.

A good timber tree; wood red, hard, even-grained, durable; fruit a small, purple edible berry. Leaves aromatic when bruised.

183Psidium pomiferum Don. The Guava tree.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, oblong or elliptic-oblong. Peduncles axillary, about 1½ in. long, with 1-3 flowers; flowers white. Fruit oblong, size of a small lemon, strongly aromatic when ripe.

Introduced from West Indies. Grown in gardens.

MELASTOMATACEÆ.

184Osbeckia saxicola Gilg.

Hispid pilose herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, up to 7 cm. long, long setose-pilose on both surfaces. Flowers paniculate, rose. Fruits urn-shaped, calyx deciduous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: by Nambia Brook, near the Kishi).

O. senegambiensis Guill. & Perr.

Small shrub; branches 4-angled, scabrid; nodes with long-spreading bristles. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, with 3 parallel nerves. Flowers ¾ in. diameter, rose or purple, usually 5-merous, in terminal racemes; anthers 10, 2-tubercled at base. Capsule enclosed in 10-ribbed, bristly calyx-tube.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near the Pongo River between Wau & Chak-Chak).

185Antherotoma Naudini Hook. f.

Small herb, stem 4-angled. Leaves opposite, in few pairs, ovate, ½ in. long. Flowers small, 4-merous, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre; lobes of calyx alternating with bristles; stamens 8-10, with connective produced below, 2-tubercled at base, anthers opening by large pores. Capsule membranous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dar Fertit: near the Kuru River).

186Dissotis petiolata Hook. f.

Shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. long, elliptic, with 5-parallel nerves, opposite. Flowers solitary or 2 together, 5-merous, pink or purple, enclosed in leafy bracts, anthers 8-10, some longer, incurved, connective produced, as long as anther-cells. Capsule 5-valved, with a minute ring of bristles.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

D. capitata (Vahl) Hook. f. var. Barteri Hook. f.

Small shrub, scabrid, 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 in. long, opposite, 5-7 parallel-nerved. Flowers in small bracteate heads; stamens and capsule as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela: between Tonj & Wau).

D. phæotricha Triana. (Osbeckia postpluvialis Gilg).

Hispid herb, 6-8 in. high, 4-angled. Leaves 2 in. long, oblong with 3-5 parallel nerves. Flowers 4-merous, capitate; bracts small, pectinate, with bristles; calyx bristly; petals purple, obovate; anthers of 2 lengths; connective short, 2-fid, shorter; stamens 2-tubercled at base. Capsule as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Kulengo, Jur Ghattas).

D. rotundifolia ex Gilg. (D. prostrata Triana).

Herb. Leaves ovate, 3-nerved, about 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, slightly pubescent. Flowers few, rose; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, ⅓ in. long. Fruits nearly glabrous, ⅓ in. long, calyx persistent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Atazilli).

D. Schweinfurthii Gilg.

Bushy plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1 in. broad, hispidulous, 5-nerved. Flowers with 2 large bracts at the base, mauve; calyx densely covered with very hairy bristles; smaller lobes between the calyx lobes.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

D. scabra Gilg.

Herb, 3-4 ft., stems subquadrangular. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, scabrid above, scabrid-puberulous below. Flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx with numerous disk-like processes outside, setose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: between Tonj & Duguru & Niamniam-land: Kulensho).

187Tristemma roseum Gilg.

Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, acute, 2½ in. long, 1 in. broad, slightly setulose. Involucres sessile. Receptacle glabrous. Calyx lobes obtuse. Flowers rose.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).

T. Incompletum R. Br.

Erect, bristly shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. Flowers capitate, enclosed in broad, hairy bracts. Receptacle with a single ring of bristles. Petals ¼ in., white or pink; stamens 10, mostly equal, with 1 pore, 2-tubercled; crown of ovary bristly. Fruit dry.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

T. papillosum Gilg.

Erect shrub, bristly; branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. Flowers capitate, enclosed in leafy bracts. Receptacle quite glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

T. grandifolium Gilg.

Branches setose. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, pubescent on both surfaces, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad. Involucres sessile, 4-7 flowered. Receptacle with 2 rings of hairs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

COMBRETACEÆ.

188Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. DAROT or DURŪT—Arab; KOTWANG (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Tree, 60 ft. high. Leaves alternate, 1 ft. or more long, ovate, tips sometimes reflexed. Flowers small, green or white, in lax axillary spikes; petals (as in others of this genus) 0; stamens 10, in 2 rows. Fruit 2-winged, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

Exudes a gum. Bark burnt as perfume by Sudanese women. Wood handsome and close grained, has been sold as Teak.

T. near macroptera Guill. & Perr. SIORO—Golo.

Young leaves purplish, slightly pubescent, mature elliptic, cuneate at each end, about 9 in. long, 3-3½ in. broad, at length quite glabrous. Flowers and fruits not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

T. laxiflora Engl. GURFA—Bongo.

Medium tree. Leaves elliptic, rounded at the base, about 6 in. long and 3 in. broad, glabrous. Spikes axillary, very slender, 5-6 in. long. Fruit 2-winged, 3 in. long, 1 in. broad. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Khor Dehab, Blue Nile.

T. Schweinfurthii Eng. & Diels. DURŪT—Arab; LINGA—Dinka.

Very similar to preceding, but leaves very unequal-sided and cuneate at the base and narrowed to the apex.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Seneina, near J. El Amira & Singukai); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

T. aff. T. Schweinfurthii Eng. & Diels. TAMAREIB (Kordn.)—Arab.

Leaves verticillate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, sub-cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, strongly reticulate and tomentellous below. Fruits narrowly oblong, 2½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, flat, glabrous.

Kordofan Prov. (near Um Ruaba).

T. salicifolia Schwfth.

Stems and leaves glaucous, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, 6 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, finely reticulate below. Spikes axillary. Young fruit pubescent.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

T. torulosa F. Hoffm.

Tree, 30 ft. Leaves elliptic, rounded at each end, about 9 in. long and 5 in. broad, softly tomentose below and strongly nerved. Spikes about 4 in. long, tomentose. Fruit 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, tomentellous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

T. sp.

Tree, 15 ft. high. Leaves broadly elliptic, rounded at each end, 8 in. long and 5 in. broad, reticulate and sparsely pubescent below, with about 15 pairs of lateral nerves. Flowers and fruit not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, III 228 Schwfth).

T. Spekei Rolfe.

Small tree with rough bark, 10 to 20 ft. high. Leaves elongate oblong-obovate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, very densely and softly tomentose below, with very strong lateral nerves. Fruits oblong-elliptic, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, tomentellous.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

T. splendida Engl. & Diels. DURŪT—Arab; FIOK or PHUK—Dinka; TO & FIAWE—Golo; FIOK & POH—Jur; GURFA—Bongo; BAKAIPUR—Zande.

Tree, 50 ft. high, with rough bark. Leaves large, elliptic, slightly narrowed at each end, 9 in. long, 4 in. broad, leathery, softly tomentose below.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Bark rough; when powdered, is used as snuff by Sudanese women. This species is very resistant to grass fires.

T. Brownei Fresen. SUBAKH & SUBARAYA—Arab; TAHAT—Rashida; ’MBRA—Nuba.

Large tree, with delicate branch tracery; old bark rough, young bark smooth, whitish. Fruit 2-winged, purplish-red, up to 3 in. long. Leaves in large tufts near the ends of branches, broadly lanceolate or elliptic acuminate.

Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,200 ft.); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

T. sericea Burch.

Small tree; bark steel coloured; the whole covered with silky pubescence. Leaves crowded in pseudo-verticils, oblanceolate-cuspidate. Fruit 2-winged, roundish-ovate, rusty-velvety, 1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River).

T. sp. 1337 Schwfth.

Shrub, with viscid young parts. Leaves (very young) ovate-elliptic, small, with about 5 pairs of lateral nerves, pubescent on the midrib. Spikes short.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

T. glabra Roxb.

Very large tree with smooth bark, flaking off in large pieces. Leaves sub-opposite. Fruit 1½ in. long, 5-winged.

Introduced.

Exudes a gum. The timber is light-brown in colour and fairly strong, but does not resist white ants. The bark is sometimes used for dyeing; it is also considered tonic and astringent. A fine white lime-like ash is obtained by burning the bark.

T. Dawei Rolfe.

Small tree. Leaves elongate-obovate, up to 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves. Flowers not seen. Fruits red, glaucous, flat, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

189Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. SAHABA (Kordofan) & SEILAG—Arab; DARO—Rashida; SHIRGI (Dilling), KÏRĪD (J. Eliri) & TAMURU (Kadugli)—Nuba; SINGA & M’BA—Golo; KHAI—Hameg; AMMET (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; YIN—Burun; MET—Nuer; SIRINGA—Bongo; BANGA—Zande.

Tall, graceful tree, with slender drooping branches and smooth bark which flakes off. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in globose heads, small; petals 0; fruit small, coriaceous, broadly 2-winged.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

Timber white, strong, elastic, useful for building carts, implements, etc. Not suitable for railway sleepers. The roots are rich in tannin and the wood ashes are used in W. Africa as a mordant for fixing dyes. Yields an insoluble gum.

A. near leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. SAHABA—Arab.

Differs chiefly by its more marked heartwood.

Kordofan Prov.

Timber dark, hard and capable of taking a good polish.

190Gulera senegalensis Lam. OBEISH or RUBEISH—Arab; KŪĪ (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Small tree or shrub with downy branches, the whole plant minutely black dotted. Leaves opposite, oval, subcordate, cuspidate. Flowers in pedunculate involucrate heads. Fruit densely clothed with very long silky hairs, making a fluffy head.

Kordofan, Darfur & Nuba Mts. Provinces.

Good camel fodder.

191Combretum trichanthum Fresen. TARŌB—Rashida; SHĀF—Hadendowa.

Small tree; young branches pubescent. Leaves opposite, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long, densely hairy when young. Flowers 4-merous, small, in axillary spikes; petals obdeltoid, minutely fringed stamens 8, in 2 rows; fruit 4-5 winged, ¾ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

C. Hartmannianum Schwfth. HABIL (White Nile), SUBAKH or SUBAKH SODA (Fung)—Arab; KARSO (J. Daier), HAGGIARN (Dilling), KWAE (J. Eliri) & N’DARU (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Small to fairly large tree. Leaves opposite, long acuminate-caudate. Flowers: calyx 4-lobed; petals 4, minute; stamens 8, in 2 rows. Fruit 4-winged.

Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

Exudes a gum. The timber is said to be good. Some portions of the tree are used as perfume by the Nuba.

C. lecananthum Engl. & Diels. M’NA—Golo; DERA—Jur.

Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 4 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, thin, glabrous. Racemes shorter than the leaves, slender. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1 in. long, 4-winged, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

C. multispicatum Engl. & Diels. HABIL—Arab; MANĀ or TEPELU—Golo; GŎK—Nuer.

Moderate-sized tree; branchlets and leaves pubescent, the latter alternate, broadly oblong-elliptic, mucronate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, glossy when young. Flowers paniculate, pubescent, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur-lands).

C. ghasalense Engl. & Diels. HABIL—Arab; TEPELU—Golo; BAZE—Zande.

Moderate-sized tree. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong-elliptic, acute at both ends, 3 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, glabrous and closely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers in short panicles, crowded.

Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul); Darfur Prov., Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by Sudanese women.

C. brunneum Engl. & Diels.

Small tree, 20 ft. high; branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at the base, obtuse and emarginate at the apex, 2-2½ in. long, about 1 in. broad, reddish-brown and closely reticulate when dry. Fruits sub-orbicular, 4-winged, ¾ in. broad.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Mittu-land).

C. undulatum Wall. SUBAKH or SUBAKH BEIDA (Fung)—Arab; BOGWEH—Bari; BAZI—Hameg.

Tree, 40 ft. high: branchlets glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong-elliptic, acute, 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, undulate, glossy or viscid when young. Flower paniculate, small, hairy.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali & Mittu-land: Ngama); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Thombé).

The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by Sudanese women.

C. glutinosum Perr.

Small tree. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4. Fruit 4-winged. Flowers small, pubescent, greenish-white, on small axillary spikes.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

C. cordofanum Engl. & Diels.

Leaves obovate-elliptic, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 2½ in. broad, softly tomentose below. Fruits thinly winged, oblong, truncate at the base, 1 in. long, ¾ in. broad, puberulous.

Kordofan Prov. (Um Dajog).

C. gallabatense Schwfth.

Middle-sized tree. Leaves about 6 in. long, lanceolate, hoary pubescent.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

C. Schweinfurthii Engl. & Diels.

Tree. Leaves variable, from 1½ in. long, obovate to 12 in. long, broadly lanceolate, acute to acuminate. Fruit 4-winged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli & Niamniam-land, by the Gumango).

C. verticillatum Engl.

Small tree, branchlets rusty tomentellous. Leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate-elliptic, long acuminate, about 8 in. long and 2 in. broad, shortly pubescent and rather densely lepidote-glandular below. Flower-spikes axillary, 2½ in. long. Fruits 4-winged, ¾ in. long, tomentose between the wings.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Bongo-land: Gir).

C. bongense Engl.

Shrub with sweet-smelling flowers. Leaves clustered ovate-lanceolate, subacute, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, very densely lepidote below, with tufts of hairs in the axils of the leaves. Spikes simple, 3 in. long, tomentose. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dakuttu); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Debri).

C. adenogonium Steud.

Tree. Leaves usually ternate, ovate to lanceolate, downy beneath, leaving deep scars after falling off. Flowering branches leafless. Flowers small on short woolly spikes. Fruit 4-5-winged, about 1 in. long, shining.

Darfur Prov.

C. populifolium Engl. & Diels. BEMBU—Golo.

Shrub or tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3, elliptic, sub-acuminate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, densely lepidote below. Fruits suborbicular, 1 in. broad, densely rusty-lepidote.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; S.W. of Old Wau).

C. splendens Engl.

Branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves ovate, more or less slightly cordate at the base, acute, about 5 in. long and 3 in. broad, softly pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers crowded in short spikes, hairy. Fruits elliptic, lepidote, 1¼ in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, mid-zone).

C. lepidotum Hochst.

Tree; branches compressed, scaly. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long, viscid, glandular above and densely scaly beneath. Flowers in axillary spikes of the length of the leaves. Fruit lepidote.

Fung. Prov.

C. collinum Fresen. UM-SUMAIN—Arab; ARGADA—Hameg.

Small tree; fruit 4-winged. Leaves sub-opposite, 3-5 in. long, ovate to elliptical, sparingly scaly above, densely so beneath. Flowers small in simple axillary spikes shorter than the leaves.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

C. parvulum Engl. & Diels.

Undershrub from a woody rhizome. Leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, very mucronate, 3½ in. long, very strongly reticulate below, pubescent between the veins. Flowers few and clustered at the ends of the peduncle. Fruits broadly elliptic, with membranous wings 1 in. long, puberulous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

C. paniculatum Vent.

Climber with large panicles of small scarlet flowers. Leaves with twisted stalks, elliptic, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Fruits suborbicular, with broad membranous wings about 1 in. across.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).

C. capituliflorum Fenzl.

Woody climber. Flowers in globose, densely woolly heads arranged in short terminal and axillary panicles, dull yellow. Leaves opposite or ternate, lanceolate, undulate 4-6 in. long. Fruit 1½ in. long; wings narrow, woody.

Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

C. molle R. Br.

Shrub or small tree; young leaves densely hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Biri River & Deim Zubeir).

C. racemosum Beauv.

Showy shrub, 20 ft. high. Young leaves and flowers carmine.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

C. mittuense Engl. & Diels.

Climber. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, about 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, thinly papery, glabrous. Flowers paniculate, with coloured leafy bracts, pale pink, tassel-like; calyx green; stamens carmine. Fruits obovate, with very membranous wings, about 1 in. across.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Roah River).

C. near C. comosum Don.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

C. aculeatum Vent. SHEKHEIT (Fung), SHUHEIT (Dongola) & SHEHEIT (Kordn.) or SOGHEIT—Arab; MARTE (Dilling) & MINDIGIRI (Kadugli)—Nuba; REGA—Bari.

Scandent shrub. Petioles of leaves persistent, forming decurved spines. Flowers rather small, white; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5; stamens 10; anthers orange. Fruit 4-5-winged.

Dongola Prov. (Wadi Id El Murakh); Berber Prov. (Atbara River: Goz Regeb); Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora Hills); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan, Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

C. platypterum Hutch. & J. M. Diels.

Climber with large panicles of reddish long, tubular flowers, about 1 in. long. Leaves oblong, rounded at the base, 6 in. long, glabrous. Fruits like “Honesty,” orbicular-obovate, broadly winged, about 1½ in. broad.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

C. sp. (cf. C. altum Guill. & Perr.). KUSI (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Small tree; fruit 4-winged; shoots sometimes twining. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). 884 S.G.H.

C. sp. GOAK—Dinka; BOADUN—Burun.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).

RHIZOPHORACEÆ.

192Rhizophora sp. Probably R. mucronata Lam.

Mangrove. Leaves obovate-elliptic, long-mucronate, leathery, about 4½ in. long and 2 in. broad. Flowers few. Sepals oblong, leathery. Petals hairy inside. Seeds germinating before falling.

Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.

193Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lam.

Tree with smooth bark, marked on young branches with scars of leaves and stipules. Leaves rather thick, oval, bright green. Fruit scarlet, 1 in. long. Seeds germinating before falling.

Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.

HYPERICACEÆ.

194Hypericum Lalandii Choisy.

Small tufted herb, under 10 in. high. Leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, about ¼ in. long, gland-dotted. Flowers yellow in dichotomous cymes.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

H. perforatum Linn.

Somewhat woody plant with perennial stock. Leaves with translucent and some dark dots; corolla yellow with black dots. Stamens polyadelphous.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, over 6,000 ft.).

195Psorospermum salicifolium Engl.

Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in small close cymes. Sepals and petals streaked with resin, the latter densely hairy inside.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kutshuk Ali & Kuragera); Niamniam (Tuhami).

P. senegalense Spach.

Shrub; twigs and young leaves rusty tomentose. Flowers in dense corymbs, white, streaked with brown; stamens 5-adelphous. Leaves opposite or alternate, elliptic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

P. tenuifolium Hook. f.

Glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, opposite, opaquely punctate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbs; stamens 5-7-adelphous.

Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

196Haronga madagascariensis Chois. KAWA (Mongalla Prov.)—Makraka.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, entire, rusty tomentose when young, ovate-oblong, connected by an interpetiolar ridge. Flowers small, 5-adelphous, in broad terminal corymbose cymes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Khor Tela, between Wau & Tonj, and near the Mongo-longbo stream); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

The fruit is edible; the seeds are used in French Guinea in cookery. The wood is of great beauty, it works well and finishes without trouble. A yellow dye is obtained from the inner bark of the tree. It is found in Mongalla Prov., frequently associated with Berlinia acuminata.

GUTTIFERÆ.

197Garcinia sp.

Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves prominent on both surfaces. Fruits clustered, ⅔ in. long; stalks ½ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River).

TILIACEÆ.

198Christiana africana DC.

Tall tree; young parts, leaves, stalks, calyx and carpels covered with dense yellow stellate tomentum. Leaf stalks 3-4 in. long; leaves cordate-ovate or oblong, palmately 5-nerved, 6-12 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx 3-lobed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Hu).

199Grewia flavescens Burret. GADDEIM (Darfur), UM KHALATOT (Goz El Siada), KHELISAN & YABELAYUS—Arab; KINDAL (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BAMBURTI—Golo.

Straggling shrub with quadrangular stems. Leaves sub-coriaceous, pilose, ovate-oblong, subcordate, coarsely serrate, 2-4 in. long; stipules 2, subulate-lanceolate, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, 2-3 flowered. Petals emarginate. Drupe 1-4 lobed, pilose.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 4,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Niual: between Chak-Chak & Deim Zubeir & Bongo-land: Addai).

G. venusta Fresen. KURMUZ—Hameg.

Perennial or undershrub, white, stellately tomentose. Leaves roundish oblong, palmately 3-5 nerved, 3-5 in. long. Cymes many flowered, extra axillary. Drupe size of a large pea 2-4 lobed, crustaceous, copper-coloured, pilose.

Blue Nile Prov.

G. Kakothamnos K. Schum.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, serrulate, about 1 in. long, stellate-pubescent. Flowers axillary, subsolitary; pedicels ⅓ in. long, bibracteate above the middle; sepals ½ in. long.

Darfur Prov.

G. salvifolia Heyne. BASHAM (Fung)—Arab; DILI—Burun; KEM (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; BAIDI—Hameg.

Large shrub or small tree; fruit edible, usually 2-lobed. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, entire undulate or serrulate. Flowers yellow in axillary fascicles.

Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).

G. occidentalis Linn.

Small tree. Leaves obliquely ovate, acute, about 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, crenate, nearly glabrous. Flowers 3-4 together in very small umbels; sepals mauve inside, ½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

G. ferruginea Hochst.

A small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, acute, very closely crenulate, 4-5 in. long and about 2 in. broad, closely covered with short stellate hairs below. Flowers in threes the middle one opening first; sepals linear-lanceolate, ½ in. long, tomentose; fruits reticulate.

Locality? (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).

G. mollis Juss. BASHAM (Kordn.)—Arab; KUAM (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ULUMBA or EUWI—Golo; KAM—Nuer; POIGO—Zande.

Shrub or small tree, giving out long, semi-scandent shoots. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with 3 basal nerves. Flowers yellow, solitary. Drupes indistinctly 4-lobed, dark yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Debri & J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Niamniam-land & Jur-land); Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).

The bast yields a fibre; the wood ashes are used as a substitute for salt; the fruit is edible; the wood is used for bows and arrows; it is light red or pink, and very elastic.

G. monticola Sond.? BASHAM (Baggara)—Arab.

Shrub. Leaves oblong, acute, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, glabrescent above, softly tomentellous below, 3-nerved at the base. Fruit the size of a pea, whitish.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein & J. Fertangul).

G. betulæfolia Juss. GADDEIM—Arab; HEDDA—Rashida; TOMUT—Hadendowa; KARII (J. Eliri) & ARUING (Rashad—Talodi)—Nuba; ANGALOA—Hameg; AFOR & APOR (Kenissa) & AFWĀR (Renk)—Dinka; OFADOH—Shilluk.

Shrub. Leaves small, somewhat variable, irregularly crenate serrate; flowers white, solitary; fruit orange coloured, 2-4 lobed, edible.

Almost throughout the Sudan, particularly south of Khartoum.

G. erythræa Schwfth.

Shrub. Leaves rounded-obovate, 3-5 nerved at the base, repand-dentate, about 1¼ in. long, slightly stellate-pubescent below. Flowers solitary; calyx ⅓ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (Darfur boundary on J. Sinin).

G. villosa Willd. TAMR EL ABID & TUKKU (Kordn.), ABU KHALAFOF & GEREIGDAN (Goz el Siada), MUTRAK (Baggara)—Arab; EIGERA (Dilling), LUĪ (J. Eliri) & TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba; ANTAMANA-WANSHU—Hameg; ATENDIT (Renk), GUNKEIT & LUBLUB (Goz el Siada)—Dinka; DILMAN & KELAIIN—Burun.

Large shrub with cordate nearly orbicular leaves, 1-4 in. in diameter. Flowers dull-yellow, in compact axillary clusters. Fruit globose, with a brown, stellate hairy rind, edible.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Mongalla Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

Used for spear shafts (Aylmer).

G. sp. (Glomeratæ) No. 1168 S.G.H. TOMUT—Hadendowa.

Shrub, covered with short, stellate hairs. Leaves ovate-rounded, 1½ in. long, 1¼ in. broad, serrate. Flowers clustered. Buds ¼ in. long, tomentose.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

200Triumfetta lepidota K. Schum.

Erect shrub, 4 ft. high. Leaves suborbicular to oblanceolate, subtrilobed, up to 6 in. wide. Cymes 2-4 to each node. Sepals scaly outside, ¾ in. long. Fruit woody, globose, 8-10 celled, strongly tuberculate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Lehsi).

T. micrantha K. Schum.

Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 2½-3 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, serrulate, tomentose or pubescent below. Sepals stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit with densely pilose prickles, the latter with 2-8 terminal spinules.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).

T. buettneriacea K. Schum.

Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, ⅓-1¼ in. broad, sparingly pilose on both surfaces. Sepals stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit with glabrescent prickles, much broadened at the base, terminated by 1-4 spinules.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas, & Bongoland: Gurfala).

T. flavescens Hochst. DERBAKE—Hadendowa.

Shrubby; stem pilose, black-dotted. Lower leaves stalked; blades roundish, truncate or cordate, acute, irregularly toothed. Flowers yellowish, numerous, in small clusters along the sides and ends of branches. Capsule small, covered with grey down and small, hooked prickles.

Red Sea Prov. (in several places).

T. rhomboidea Jacq. ALLOSEG, ALLUSEIG or LUSEIG—Arab.

Herb with variable, irregularly serrate leaves and small globose fruit covered with prickles, downy. Flowers yellow, small, in spicate inflorescence.

Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, etc.); Red Sea Prov. (Karora).

Yields a soft, glossy fibre. The mucilage is used as an injection in venereal diseases.

T. annua Linn.

Erect, somewhat pilose, annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acuminate, dentate, 3-nerved, on very long stalks. Fruit size of a pea, smooth between the glaucous hooked prickles.

Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

T. pentandra Guill. & Perr.

Erect, slightly downy herb. Leaves subcordate, slightly 3-5 lobed or roundish-acuminate. Flowers minute, in lateral cymes. Stamens 5-8. Fruit oblong, about ¼ in. long, hairy on the edges of the appressed prickles.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

T. tomentosa Bojer.

Softly hairy perennial or shrub; fruit globose, covered with straight, black spines. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly cordate, passing gradually into bracts. Flowers small, yellow, numerous in terminal panicles.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

201Honckenya ficifolia Willd.

Handsome-flowered shrub, with purplish branches. Leaves rather variable, usually more or less deeply 3-7 lobed. Flowers large, violet, in terminal racemose cymes. Capsules 1-2 in., 4-valved.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Yubbo).

A valuable fibre plant.

202Corchorus tridens Linn.

Annual 1-2 ft.; leaves oblong-linear, coarsely crenate-serrate, the two lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform tails; capsule terminating in 3 spreading or reflexed points.

Between Suakin & Berber; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

C. acutangulus Lam.

Annual; leaves oval or ovate, crenate-serrate, the two lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform tails; fruit 3-winged.

Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

C. olitorius Linn. MOLOKHIA or MULUKHIA—Arab; MORAMBIDA—Zande.

Annual; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the two lowest serrations produced into fine tails; capsule linear, with a long beak, altogether 1-3 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber (El Mesherif); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

Cultivated and wild. It is used as a vegetable, the fibre is inferior to that of the true jute. The plant is also used in native medicine.

C. Antichorus Ræuschel. SUTEIH (Atbara) & UM SHITEIH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Prostrate or decumbent perennial. Leaves small, roundish, plicate-crenate, palmately 3-nerved. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Capsule 1-1½ in. long, slender, beaked at apex, 4-valved.

Nubia; North Sudan; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.

The plant is used as a demulcent.

C. fascicularis DC.

Procumbent annual; leaves short-stalked, oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, 3-nerved. Capsule about ¾ in. long, cylindrical, short-beaked.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir).

C. trilocularis Linn.

Annual, erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-3 in. long, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate. Pedicels short, 2-3 flowered; petals bright yellow. Capsules 2-3 in. long, 3-4 angled; beak short and straight.

White Nile Prov.

203Glyphæa grewioides Hook. f.

Slightly pilose shrub, 8-12 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, subcordate, 3-nerved. Flowers bright-yellow, in terminal cymes. Fruit oblong or fusiform, indehiscent, 1-2 in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

STERCULIACEÆ.

204Melhania ferruginea A. Rich.

Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves longer than the stalks, subcordate oval-oblong, velvety, palmately 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 3 broadly-ovate, unilateral segments. Petals convolute, persistent. Capsule pointed; seeds 10 in each cell.

Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).

M. Denhamii R. Br. DUBAGHA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Undershrub with a false likeness to Senra incana. Leaves as long as leaf-stalks, about 1 in. long, ovate-oblong, velvety. Flowers on axillary peduncles, red. Capsules subglobose, 5-celled, with 1-2 seeds in each cell.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.

205Dombeya multiflora Planch.

Shrub. Leaf blades equal to stalks, 1-2 in. long, cordate-roundish or oblong, palmately 5-7 nerved. Inflorescence appearing before the leaves, in stalked axillary cymes. Styled deeply 5-cleft.

Fung & White Nile Provinces.

D. multiflora Pl. var. (a) vestita Schum. GREGDAN (Baggara)—Arab; KINDAMOI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; DERDER—Hameg; POPWA, PURPUR and METEMBOA—Zande.

Shrub or small tree, with palmate leaves and white flowers, which turn pink after being fertilized, the corolla persisting.

Fung Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra N.W. slopes 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

206Melochia corchorifolia Linn.

Erect herb or undershrub. Stem with a line of somewhat stellate hairs down one side. Leaves variable in size, oblong-ovate to ovate, rounded at base, serrate. Flowers pink, in terminal clusters, pentamerous. Capsules 5-valved, 1 seed to each.

Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Banks of the White Nile); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).

Kordofan Prov.

var. densiflora K. Schum.

The root-bark is chewed in Kordofan Prov. as a salve for sore lips. The stem yields a fibre, and the leaves are eaten.

207Waltheria americana Linn. ERG EL NĀL (Kordn.)—Arab.

Villose undershrub or tall woody herb; leaves plicate; flowers yellow, in dense sessile axillary fascicles. Sepals 5, connate below; petals 5; ovary 1-celled; ovules 2. Capsule small, enclosed in calyx, membranous, 1-seeded.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

208Hermannia modesta Planch.

Low growing annual, covered with glandular hairs. Leaves subsessile, linear-oblong, obtuse up to 1½ in. long. Flowers in axillary peduncles. Filaments dilated above; styles 5.

Red Sea Prov. (coast); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).

H. tigrensis Hochst.

Erect, stellate hairy annual, about 1 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, acute; stipules falcate. Flowers solitary on solitary axillary peduncles; filaments petaloid.

Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).

209Leptonychia chrysocarpa K. Schum.

Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtusely long-acuminate, glabrous, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, entire. Flowers not seen. Fruits axillary, about 3-4 together, depressed globose, stellate-tomentellous, ¾ in. in diameter.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku).

Wood carved for ornaments.

210Sterculia tomentosa Guill. & Perr. UMTELEIH (Baggara)—Arab; KULOWI (J. Eliri); HEIMOR (J. Heiban); FEIDER (Rashad-Talodi); BOKARAK (Kadugli)—Nuba; DA or KANDI—Golo; M’BURU—Zande.

Fairly large tree. Leaves palmate, large. Flowers small, in drooping panicles; petals none. Capsule large, hairy, 3-4 valved. Seeds numerous, brown, with small orange aril.

White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); South Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

Wood white or pale pink, soft, light, perishable. The seeds yield a dark orange-red coloured oil. A fibre is obtained from the bast, and a clear gum exuding from wounds in the bark, partly soluble in water, is used in Europe for dyeing silk fabrics.

S. cinerea A. Rich. TARTAR—Arab; OMFA—Hameg.

Large tree with palmate leaves and scaly bark. Flowers numerous in much-branched axillary panicles. Fruit of 3-5 sessile, reflexed follicles which are downy outside and bristly within. Seeds numerous, black, with yellow aril.

Fung and Kordofan Provinces.

Wood of poor quality. A gum, similar in quality to that of the foregoing, exudes from the bark. Strips from the young plants are used as cordage.

211Cola cordifolia R. Br. KUKUROKU—Zande.

Large tree, 120 ft. Leaves very large, widely rotundate-cordate, entire or slightly lobulate, up to 1 ft. broad, softly stellate-pubescent below, strongly 7-nerved at the base. Cymes fulvous-tomentose. Fruits velvety-tomentose, with large red seeds.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yei River).

According to Wood in his Report on the Bahr El Ghazal forests, 1922, “this tree is confined to the Southern Bahr El Ghazal, where it is fairly common on banks of streams in the evergreen zone. A very lofty tree, up to 120 ft., with straight stem and large, dense crown. Does not lose its leaves. Bark brown, not very rough; wood white, soft, perishable. Most of the large trees (10 ft. girth) are hollow in the centre.”

BOMBACACEÆ.

212Adansonia digitata Linn. TEBELDI, HOMEIRA, HUMR (Dongola)—Arab; HUMAR—Hadendowa; FAK (J. Daier), TUBERLI (Dilling), KISHAWIYI (J. Eliri), MANSALLO (Kadugli), ORA (Tagele)—Nuba; UFFA—Hameg; DUNGWOL—Dinka; KUSHA—Nuer; GAG—Shilluk; BUL—Burun. The Baobab Tree.

A large tree, often of great girth; bark whitish, shining. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol. Flowers 2-3 in. across, white. Fruit 8-10 in. long, ovoid, filled with fibres and acid mealy pulp, in which the seeds are embedded.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Murakh); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Hillet El Shilluk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (North).

The hollow trunk is used for a reservoir for the storage of rain water, and in some places as a burial place for dead. The bark yields a strong fibre used for ropes, baskets, etc. The fruit, called GONGOLEIS by Arabs, contains a subacid pulp which makes a pleasant drink with water, and is used as a cooling medicine.

213Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Kapok or Silk Cotton Tree.

Introduced.

Tree; young bark covered with conical prickles. Leaves digitately 8-15 foliolate. Flowers white, 2-8 together in axillary clusters. Capsule 3-4 in. long, densely lined with long silky hairs.

Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

The floss surrounding the seed is used for stuffing cushions, lifebelts, etc.

MALVACEÆ.

214Malva parviflora Linn. KHUBBEIZA—Arab.

Herb; stem trailing. Leaves cordate, orbicular, slightly 3-5 lobed, crenate-dentate. Flowers purplish, in axillary, few-flowered clusters. Stamens monadelphous, anthers to top of column; stigmas linear.

Cultivated in most parts.

Cooked as a pot-herb, also used medicinally to allay irritation both externally and internally.

M. verticillata Linn.

Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, roundish, 5-lobed. Flowers purplish, in dense axillary or terminal clusters. Carpels 10-12 in a whorl, enclosed in accrescent calyx.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

215Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.

Erect, branching herb, 1-2 ft. high, stellately tomentose. Leaves ovate, crenate-serrate, sometimes lobed. Bracts of epicalyx shorter than calyx. Flowers small, yellow, in a dense terminal, leafy spike; stigmas capitate.

Fung Prov.

M. tricuspidatum A. Gray.

Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high, with adpressed, simple hairs. Leaves long-stalked, ovate-lanceolate, toothed, hairy. Flowers yellow, subsessile in axillary and terminal clusters. Carpels 8-12, each 3-pointed.

Fung Prov.

216Sida urens Linn.

Erect, hirsute perennial. Leaves cordate, ovate-serrate. Flowers usually in dense axillary clusters; epicalyx 0; carpels 5, awnless or with short beaks.

White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab; Bongo-land: Gir).

S. humilis Cav.

Perennial; branches long, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. Flowers pale yellow, under ½ in. diameter. Leaves broad-ovate, cordate, variable in size. Ripe carpels 5, separating from the axis, pointed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Khor Mulmul).

S. spinosa Linn.

Annual or perennial, much branched, often with small, recurved prickles at the nodes below the petioles. Leaves oval to oblong, crenate-serrate. Flowers white, ½ in. in diameter. Ripe carpels 5, with 2 long, rough beaks.

Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

The leaves are demulcent, the root is a tonic and is used in some cases of cattle disease.

S. cordifolia Linn.

Erect, much branched, semi-shrubby, with silky hair; leaves densely velvety, ovate, cordate; flowers yellow; ripe carpels 10, wrinkled, with 2 straight beaks.

Nubia; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.

The root and seeds are used in native medicines.

S. rhombifolia Linn.

Shrubby; branches rough with stellate hair. Leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, dentate-serrate above, stellate hairy on under-surface. Flowers yellow; ripe carpels 9-10, beaked or not beaked.

White Nile Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (shady places).

Roots used for rheumatism. Yields an excellent fibre.

S. grewioides Guill. & Perr.

Shrubby plant. Leaves oblong or roundish, cordate, crenate, downy on both surfaces. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, solitary or in pairs; carpels 7-8, indehiscent, beakless or beaked; beaks inflexed.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (River Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.

S. Schweinfurthii E. G. Baker.

Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly ovate, coarsely and double serrate, cordate, about 4½ in. long and 3 in. broad, shortly stellate-pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers numerous in lax, very slender panicles; pedicels filiform.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Mongbo-longbo stream).

217Wissadula rostrata Planch.

Tall, shrubby plant. Leaves cordate. Flowers small, yellow, paniculate; carpels 5, beaked.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.

Yields a good fibre.

218Abutilon angulatum Mast. AMBORU, UMBARU or UMBORU—Arab; BUTNIEID (Dilling)—Nuba.

Tall, woody herb, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves long-stalked, roundish, cordate, 5-7 nerved, pale on under-surface. Flowers yellow, on loose terminal panicle. Fruit globose, depressed; carpels about 20, obtuse, reniform, 1-seeded.

Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov.

A. graveolens Wight & Arnott. MAKHSHASH EL RIGAL (Baggara)—Arab; DOEIRI (Dilling)—Nuba.

Downy, bushy herb; calyx large, densely pubescent; corolla yellow, sometimes turning pink on withering. Leaves ovate, cordate, somewhat dentate, pubescent, pale beneath. Carpels 20 or more, 3-seeded.

Khartoum to Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mountains Prov.; Red Sea Prov.

The leaves and root are used in medicine; the stems yield a fibre.

A. glaucum Webb. HANBŪK & UMBUR—Arab. The fruit GARGADAN.

Downy undershrub. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. Leaves cordate, 7-9 nerved, irregular dentate, as long as the stalk. Carpels 20 or more, 2-3 seeded.

Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Khartoum Prov. & South.

A. fruticosum Guill. & Perr.

Densely white-downy, much branched, rigid perennial. Leaves small, short-stalked, cordate, denticulate. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered. Carpels 10, persistent, 2-3 seeded.

Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.

A. ramosum Guill. & Perr.

Erect branching, hairy perennial. Leaves cordate, sometimes 3-lobed, 5-7 nerved, long-stalked. Peduncles axillary and terminal, shorter than leaf-stalks; flowers white or yellow. Carpels 8-10, long 2-awned.

Fung & Kordofan Provinces.

A. bidentatum Hochst.

Erect undershrub with downy branches. Leaves short-stalked, cordate-ovate, denticulate, pilose. Flowers in small axillary panicles. Fruit subglobose; carpels 16-20, each with 2 teeth; seeds 3 in each carpel.

Red Sea, Fung & Kordofan Provinces.

A. hirtum Don.

Erect, downy perennial. Leaves long-stalked, ovate-cordate, serrate 6-7 nerved. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 or more flowered. Petals large, bright orange, hairy at base. Fruit truncate; carpels 12 or more, short bidentate; seeds 3.

Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).

219Malachra radiata Linn.

Tall, hispid herb; flowers small, pink, in dense heads with distinct bractlets and surrounded by a general involucre.

Fruit turbinate; carpels 5. Leaves short-stalked, palmately 5-7 lobed.

Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

220Urena lobata Linn. KĀRI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Tall herb, erect, branched, covered with stellate hairs. Leaves shallowly 5-lobed; flowers pink. Ripe carpels 5, densely stellate hairy and covered with spines deflexed at the ends.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.

The bark yields a fibre of good quality, suitable for bags, twine, etc.

221Pavonia hirsuta Guill. & Perr. UMBERRU (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Downy perennial or undershrub; branches or stems procumbent, up to 5-6 ft. long. Leaves scabrous above, cordate, suborbicular or obscurely 3-lobed. Flowers yellow, with purple centres, on solitary stalks in axils of upper leaves. Styles 10; carpels 10, covered with reflexed bristles. White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

P. glechomæfolia A. Rich. KULAM & KUNUTAL (Blue Nile)—Arab.

Rigid herb with slender hirsute branches. Leaves ovate, cordate, slightly 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Flowers yellow, about 1 in. across, with 5 free, oval bracteoles. Ripe carpels 5, without beak.

Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur (Kulme); Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

P. triloba Hochst.

Erect, bushy herb; stems long-pilose. Leaves more or less trilobed, about 1¼ in. long, with two types of stellate hairs below. Epicalyx persistent, of several linear bracts.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

P. arabica Hochst.

Erect tomentose perennial. Leaves as long as stalks, oblong, subcordate. Peduncles solitary, axillary; epicalyx of 10-20 linear, villose bracts, arching over the ripe fruit. Corolla pink, longer than calyx. Fruit subglobose, size of a pea.

Red Sea Prov.; 21° N. Lat.; Darfur Prov.

P. Kotschyi Hochst.

Densely villose, low growing, woody perennial. Leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, coarsely serrate, 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 10 linear bracts. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Corolla yellow, about 1 in. across. Carpels 5, each with 2 large wings.

Fung & Kordofan Provinces.

P. zeylanica Cav.

Leaves digitately divided almost to the base, lobes 3-5, oblanceolate, 1 in. long, densely tomentose below with stellate hairs; flowers solitary, on long pedicels; epicalyx of 10 linear bracts; fruits slightly winged.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora).

P. macrophylla E. Mey.

Tall pilose herb or undershrub. Leaves long-stalked, oval, cordate-acuminate, or 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Epicalyx of usually 5 foliaceous segments; petals pink; styles 8-10; carpels 5, obovate.

White Nile Prov.

222Kosteletzkya adoensis Hochst.

Large herb or undershrub. A line of hairs along one side of the stem shifts to the other side at each successive joint. Leaves long-stalked, roundish-cordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, sometimes 3-pointed, hispid. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear-lanceolate bractlets. Corolla yellow. Carpels 5; seeds flat.

Fung Prov.

K. flava Bak. f. (K. Buettneri Gürke).

Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 5 in. long and ½ in. broad, the lower often hastate at the base, serrulate, scabrid. Flowers solitary, axillary. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear bracts a little shorter than the calyx. Fruits depressed, pentagonal, bristly.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

K. Chevalieri Hochr.

Erect herb with rod-like stems, about 4 ft. high, densely strigose-hispid. Leaves suborbicular, widely cordate at the base, slightly 3-lobed, about 2 cm. diameter, softly stellate-pilose. Flowers in dense terminal spikes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Bongo-land; Kulongo).

223Senra incana Cav.

Soft, downy undershrub; corolla deep purple. Epicalyx of 3 cordate palmi-nerved leaflets. Capsule 5-valved, ovoid; seed 3-pilose. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed.

Fung & White Nile Provinces.

224Hibiscus Trionum Linn.

Much branched, hispid annual. Flower yellow, with a purple centre; calyx persistent, ventricose, accrescent. Epicalyx 7-12 linear segments. Leaves long-stalked, usually deeply palmately 3-5 lobed.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

H. dictyocarpus Webb.

Stem woody, erect, hairy. Leaves long-stalked, 3-5 lobed, central lobe longest. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear, spathulate bracts. Peduncles solitary, axillary. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. Styles 5. Fruit roundish, 5-winged.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

H. vitifolius Linn.

Tall, much-branched perennial. Flowers bright yellow, with a purple centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, serrate. Capsules 5-winged. Epicalyx of 8-12 linear bracts.

Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Saoleil).

H. obtusilobus Gärcke.

Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves longer than stalks, cordate, 3-5 lobed, central longest. Epicalyx of 6-9 linear-oblong bracts, shorter than calyx; calyx segments 1-nerved. Capsule covered with forked bristles.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

H. diversifolius Jacq.

Tall, prickly herb. Flowers large, yellow, with red-purple centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, long-stalked. Capsule pointed, hispid, ultimately smooth. Epicalyx of numerous subulate segments.

Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

H. corymbosus Hochst.

Erect, stellate-tomentose perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, upper simple, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers yellow, crowded, corymbose. Epicalyx of 8-10 linear segments.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Dogguru, & Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bendo).

H. physaloides Guill. & Perr.

Herb with somewhat irritant hairs. Flowers solitary, pale yellow, with maroon centre, or purple. Leaves variable, long-stalked. Epicalyx of about 10 filiform segments, shorter than calyx. Capsule ovoid, beaked, hispid.

Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

H. intermedius A. Rich.

A weak herb with deeply 3-5 lobed glandular leaves, pilose on the nerves, with weak hairs; flowers axillary, solitary, pale-yellow with purple centre; pedicels ⅓ in. long. Epicalyx of 10 linear bracts; capsule pubescent.

Red Sea Prov. (Has Has); Bahr el Jebel (Sheikh Tombé).

H. rhabdotospermus Gärcke.

Woody herb, downy or villose. Leaves cordate, ovate, palmately 5-7 nerved. Epicalyx of 15-20 linear segments; corolla yellow, 1 in. across. Capsule ovate, woody.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

H. articulatus Hochst.

Herb with yellow flowers, up to 2 in. diameter. Leaves short-stalked, rough, upper ones palmately 3-5-partite, lower ones roundish. Epicalyx of 8-10 strap-shaped segments.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

H. surattensis Linn.

Scrambling, prickly herb, with solitary, showy pale-yellow flowers with a purple centre, 2-4 in. across. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear-spathulate segments. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, secondary nerves distinct.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River).

H. lunariifolius Willd. SHALIGA (Kordn.) & MIMLIGADA (Fung)—Arab.

Tall herb, with showy yellow flowers, with dark centre; bracteoles 5-7, linear, as long as sepals. Leaves ovate, cordate, generally 3-5 lobed, coarsely serrate dentate, densely tomentose with stiff stellate hairs.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper Nile Prov. (Renk).

Yields a good fibre.

H. rostellatus Guill. & Perr.

Prickly and hairy herb. Leaves cordate, angular, palmately 5-lobed. Epicalyx of 10 linear segments, much shorter than calyx and each provided at apex with a spoon-shaped appendix. Flowers pink, rather large.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River).

H. calycinus Willd.

Undershrub. Leaves downy to subglabrous, obtusely 3-5 angled. Flowers solitary, large, yellow, with purple centre. Epicalyx of 5 broadly spathulate, acute bracts, equal to the 5-nerved segments of calyx.

Fung & White Nile Provinces.

H. panduriformis Burm. BUTNIEID (Dilling)—Nuba.

Bushy herb, up to 6 ft. high and covered with bristly hairs. Leaves ovate, often somewhat 3-lobed, cordate, tomentose. Flowers yellow with purple centre; bracteoles 7-10, connate below, spathulate-linear.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Wad El Abbas, & Jongol’s Post); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Mongalla Prov. (Bari country); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

H. Grantii Mast.

Erect, villous undershrub. Leaves very short-stalked, sub-cordate, somewhat wedge-shaped at base and slightly 3-lobed at apex. Flowers numerous, in terminal leafy panicles. Epicalyx of 12 linear bracts; petals pink.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

H. Sabdariffa Linn. KARKADE, KIRKEN or JO (Darfur)—Arab; KOKORO (Kadugli)—Nuba; LAKBUR—Bari; TED (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; NOMBA—Zande.

Erect annual or perennial. The cultivated plant usually takes a deep red colour. Capsule ovoid, pointed. Leaves entire or with shallow lobes.

Generally cultivated, but occurs wild in Southern Sudan. The fleshy calyx is subacid and is used to prepare a refreshing drink. The plant yields a strong, silky fibre; it is known as Rozelle or Red Sorrel in the West Indies.

H. cannabinus Linn. TIL—Arab; N’ZEEBEE—Zande.

Tall herb; all parts hairy. Flowers yellow with maroon centre. Leaves deeply 5-7 lobed. Epicalyx of 5-7 segments. Capsule pointed.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile; Upper White Nile, Kordofan; Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

Two varieties are in cultivation, both are used for the fibre which is made into Sagia ropes. The seeds yield an oil; the leaves possess aperient properties.

H. micranthus Linn. GHUBEISH (N. Kordn.)—Arab. Undershrub with spreading branches and stellate pubescence. Leaves 3-nerved, wedge-shaped at base, about 1 in. long. Flowers ½ in. long, pink. Epicalyx of 7-8 linear segments. Seeds numerous, cottony.

Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

H. micranthus Linn., var. ABUTKULA—Hadendowa.

Procumbent herb, with white flowers, turning pink after fertilisation.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov.

H. ternatus Mast.

Erect branching herb. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, upper leaves more deeply cut. Epicalyx none; calyx lobes 3-nerved; corolla yellow, under 1 in. long. Capsule pointed, hairy. White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

H. Solandra L’Herit.

Tall, woody herb, not unlike Wissadula rostrata in general appearance. Leaves ovate to more or less deeply 3-lobed, cordate, dentate-serrate. Flowers pink, ½ in. across, in few-flowered terminal raceme; bracteoles none.

Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad).

H. sudanensis Hochst.

Woody, with prickly stems. Leaves triangular, truncate at base, up to 6 in. long, dentate, glabrous above, glabrescent or pubescent below. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-3. Bracteoles 10, linear.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

H. esculentus Linn. BAMIA & WEIKAH—Arab; KWEINDE (Dilling)—Nuba; KARAN—Hameg; FOMAH (Renk)—Dinka; BARA (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer.

Tall, erect, woody herb. Leaves long-stalked, palmately 5-lobed. Corolla large, yellow, with purple centre. Capsule 4-6 in. long.

Cultivated. The young pods are used as a vegetable, the stem yields a good fibre.

225Cienfuegosia digitata Cav. GUTUB & GID EL GUTN (N. Kordn.), MĀNAGIGA (Meshra El Zeraf) and GUTN EL KHAL—Arab.

Hairy herb or undershrub, somewhat like a small cotton plant. Leaves 5-lobed; ovary black punctate.

Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul & North Kordofan); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

226Thespesia near Garckeana F. Hoffm. NAJIKAR (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Small tree. Leaves palmate, 3½ in. broad, stellate-pubescent below. Capsule the size of a chestnut, seeds hairy, said to be edible.

Nuba Mountains Prov. (J. Daier).

227Gossypium arboreum Linn. var. rosea Watt.

Cotton plant.

Semi-cultivated in various parts of the country.

G. Nanking var. Roji Watt.

White Nile Prov.

var. soudanensis Watt.

Semi-cultivated.

var. Brouniana Watt. ALAS—Dinka.

Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

var. Bani Watt.

Khartoum Prov.

G. obtusifolium Roxb. var. africana Watt.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

var. Wightiana Watt.

Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

G. hirsutum Linn. GUTN AMERICANI—Arab.

Cultivated in northern provinces under irrigation and as a rain crop in the south.

G. peruvianum Cav.

Hybrids of this species are cultivated in the Central Sudan under the name of Egyptian Cotton.

G. cf. G. mexicanum Tod.

Two varieties with yellow and red flowers, respectively, are found among native cultivation in the Fung Province.

G. purpurascens Poir. GUTN ARABI, GUTN MUMTAZ—Arab.

Found semi-cultivated in various parts of the country.

G. herbaceum Linn.

Darfur Prov. (cultivated).

G. brasiliense Macf. ROKO—Zande. Kidney Cotton.

Stout, woody plant, up to 15 ft. high. Corolla, calyx, ovary and bracts punctate. Seeds cohering; staple short. The cotton is called RAMU by the Zande.

Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

EUPHORBIACEÆ.

228Synadenium Grantii Hook. f.

Shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, thinly fleshy, oblanceolate or obovate, 3-7 in. long. Cymes axillary, repeatedly forked. Invol. 2-sexual or male, ¼ in. diameter, saucer-shaped with a red entire, spreading gland-rim, from the inner edge of which spring 5 inflexed, fringe lobes, overtopping the rim. Inside the invol. the stamens (male flowers) arranged in 5 groups, separated by membranous walls; ovary (female flowers) when present, central, stalked, with a rudimentary 3-crenate rim as per., 3-lobed, as most common in this family; styles 3, deeply bifid, recurved.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

229Euphorbia convolvuloides Hochst.

Bushy herb, 6-20 in. high, tomentose. Leaves opposite, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ⅓-1½ in. long, acute, obliquely subcordate; stipules subulate, free or connate. Flowering branchlets short, bearing clustered white or tawny minute involucres; invol. differs from above by the rim-gland which is not continuous but 4-lobed; gland-lobes entire or crenulate. Capsules obtusely 3-angled, 1/12 in. diameter, tomentose, separating into 3 lobes from the central axis, as in all this genus.

Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, Obeid).

E. hirta Linn. ABULEBBEN—Arab.

Yellow hairy herb, 4-16 in. high, with milky juice as in all this genus. Leaves opposite, obliquely lanceolate, or rhomboid-oblong, or ovate, ⅓-2 in. long, serrulate. Cymes axillary globose or divided into 2-3 globose heads; invol. crowded, minute, rim-glands 4, with minute dorsal appendage. Capsules globose 3-angled, puberulous, minute.

Khartoum Prov.

The root is said to be given to allay vomiting.

E. hypericifolia Linn. MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GNIOR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Herb, 3-18 in. high. Leaves opposite, from linear-oblong to ovate, ¼-1½ in. long, usually denticulate. Cymes axillary, ⅙-½ in. diameter; few or many-flowered. Invol. cup-shaped, minute, rim-glands minute, appendaged, white; styles deeply bifid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

E. scordifolia Jacq. MALBEINA HAMRA & UMLEBEINA (Kordn.)—Arab.

Bushy, woolly herb. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-¾ in. long, obtuse, obliquely subcordate, serrulate. Invol. usually crowded along axillary, leafy branchlets. Flowers much as above.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Soturba); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Turra); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

E. granulata Forsk. LIBBEYN or LIBBEIN—Arab.

Hirsute prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-obovate, oblique at base, under ½ in. long. Infl. in short, leafy axillary racemes. Invol. campanulate, green, minute; rim-glands 4 or 3, appendages 2-3 lobed.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov.

var. glabrata Boiss. GONOIH (Halfa Prov.)—Arab.

Leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Rim-glands somewhat more petaloid than in type.

Wadi Halfa (Islands); Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov.

E. polycnemoides Hochst.

Bushy herb, glabrous. Leaves opposite, usually minute, up to 1 in. long, linear to linear-oblong, often falcate, mucronate, base unequal, sharply denticulate. Invol. solitary, axillary spaced along branchlets, green or purplish, minute; rim-glands 4, with or without a minute notched or 2-lobed appendage. Seeds 4-angled rugose.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & Goz Regeb: J. Erimbat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).

E. ægyptiaca Boiss. MALBEINA & UMLEBEINA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Small prostrate herb. Leaves opposite, up to ½ in. long, oblong, unequal at base, slightly toothed; stipules free usually. Infl. in short leafy axillary racemes. Invol. minute campanulate, open down one side for extrusion of capsules; rim-glands 4, appendages minute or obsolete.

Nubia (deserts & between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.); Dongola Prov. (Dongola to Merowe); Berber Prov. (Abu Hamad, banks of the Nile & Mesherif); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum & Wad Shellai); Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

Used in native medicine as a purgative.

E. sanguinea Hochst. & Steud.

Prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, under ½ in. long, oblong or obliquely elliptic, very oblique at base, rounded at apex, often with a red spot. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, appendages narrow, usually 2-3 lobed.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).

E. prostrata Ait.

Small prostrate weed, puberulous on upper side. Leaves up to ⅓ in. long, oblong to elliptic, more or less toothed, rounded at apex. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, minute, with appendage just exceeding the margin or obsolete.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).

E. crotonoides Boiss.

Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, with narrow wings decurrent from short, flat petioles. Leaves alternate, except at forking of flowering branches, linear to lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, irregularly serrate. Flowering branches raceme-like, 1½-8 in. long. Invol. sessile or subsessile, solitary, woolly, pubescent; rim-glands 4, distinctly stalked, entire, red or purple. Capsules with long, soft, spreading hairs.

Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Kordofan Prov.

E. bongensis Kotschy & Peyr.

Bushy herb, up to 1 ft. high, with perennial rhizome. Leaves alternate, linear, ½-1½ in. long. Invol. solitary, terminal, minute, subsessile; rim-glands 4-5; 2-lipped or obliquely funnel-shaped. Capsules velvety.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur River, Kutshook Ali’s Zariba).

E. arabica Hochst. & Steud.

Erect, glabrous annual. Leaves opposite, short petiolate, linear, ½-1 in. long, straight or curved. Infl. on axillary peduncle-like branchlets or on peduncles, up to ⅓ in. long, with 2-3 invol. and sometimes one in axil at base; invol. minute; rim-glands 4, minute, appendages inconspicuous or none.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb).

E. dracunculoides Lam.

Erect, glabrous annual, 3-12 in. high. Leaves opposite above, alternate below, sessile linear or linear-lanceolate, ⅓-2 in. long. Invol. solitary at forks or ends of branches, minute; rim-glands minute, narrowly oblong or half-moon shaped, 2-horned.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin 21° N. Lat.).

It yields a clear oil, used as drying-oil and for burning. The fruit is said to remove warts.

E. acalyphoides Hochst.

Annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, ¾-1¾ in. long; petals ¼-1¼ in. long. Peduncles axillary, shorter than petals, bearing 1-3 sessile invol., which are minute; glands elliptic or elliptic-oblong, pubescent.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

E. macrophylla Pax.

Perennial, 18 in. high. Leaves alternate, 3-5 whorled at base of umbels; stem-leaves obovate to elliptic, 3-6 in. long, whorl-leaves varying from oblong to rhomboid or lanceolate. Umbels terminal, 3-5 rayed, compound or simple by abortion, with 2-3 distant flowering nodes; invol. ⅓ in. diameter; glands 5, ⅙ in. diameter, elliptic-oblong, shortly 2-lipped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

E. schimperiana Scheele.

Erect herb, ½-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or with a whorl of 3-5 under the umbel, ¾-3½ in. long, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, narrowed to base, sessile, glabrous. Cymes terminal, 3 to many times forked, sometimes terminating in a 3-5 rayed umbel; bracts opposite, sessile, ¼-1 in. long, triangular-ovate. Invol. solitary sessile or nearly so, minute, cup-shaped; glands 4, minute, somewhat half-mooned shaped, 2-horned.

Fung Prov. (Bunzaga).

E. arguta Soland.

Herb, 3-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate or oblanceolate, serrate. Umbels 3-5 rayed, terminal or axillary near the apex; rays up to 5 in. long, cymosely 2-4 times divided. Invol. solitary, sessile, or nearly so, minute; glands 4, minute, transversely oblong, entire.

Nubia (Wadi Halfa).

E. agowensis Hochst.

Undershrub, with herbaceous branches. Leaves alternate, with a whorl of 3 at base of umbel and opposite on its branches, elliptic-obtuse, ½-1¼ in. long, denticulate. Umbels terminal, 3-branched, 1-3 times forked or lateral and axillary, 1-10 in. long. Invol. in cymes of 3 at ends of umbel branches, minute; glands 4, transversely oblong, minute.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

E. cyparissioides Pax.

Bushy, glabrous herb, about 1 ft. high. From a perennial root stock. Leaves alternate on stem and branches, whorled or opposed under the cyme or umbel, sessile, linear, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Invol. solitary or in subcapitate cymes, terminal, minute. Glands 5, rarely 7, minute, margins straight or creniculate. Capsules much exserted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Deim Gudju, Niamniam-land, at River Ibba).

E. cuneata Vahl.

Woody shrub, up to 10-12 ft. high; branches horizontal, often spine-tipped, glabrous or at first puberulous. Leaves alternate, scattered and, on short secundary branches, tufted, usually ⅓-1 in. long, linear-cuneate to cuneate-spathulate. Cymes umbel-like, ⅓-⅔ in. long, axillary or terminal, with 1 or 3-5 invols. with reduced leaves under cymes and invols. Invol. 1/5-1/4 in. diameter, broadly cup-shaped; glands 5, peltate, concave, elliptic or suborbicular, about 1/12 in. diameter. Capsules erect, ¼ in. diameter, puberulous.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Kuureb, J. Waratab, sea coast, 21° N. Lat., Karora).

E. nubica N.E. Br. JAGIA (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Unarmed green, early-leafless shrub, up to 6 ft. high; branches alternate, cylindrical; leaf-scars prominent. Leaves not seen. Umbels terminal of 5-7 simple rays, about ½ in. long; bracts early deciduous, oblong, acute, ½ in. long, whorled at base of umbel, and orbicular-obovate, ⅙ in. long, paired below the invols. Invol. ¼ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped; lobes scarcely toothed or ciliate, but sometimes bifid; glands 4, transversely elliptic or orbicular. Capsules ¼ in. diameter, much exserted.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Duli Konga, 7,500 ft.).

E. consobrina N.E. Br.

Shrub of habit much as above. Leaves soon deciduous, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, ⅙-¼ in. long. Umbel of 3, or less, simple rays, up to ½ in. long, terminal, based by a whorl of leaves. Invol. solitary, about ⅙ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped, the 5 lobes subquadrate, subentire, slightly ciliate; glands as above. Capsules slightly exserted, curved to one side.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Wadi Teeke, between Suakin and Berber).

E. scoparia N.E. Br. KURKABAN & SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)?—Arab; IMGEIL (Dilling)?—Nuba.

Unarmed tree, 15-25 ft. high; branchlets alternate, abundant, green, cylindrical, fleshy, ¼-½ in. thick, marked with leaf scars. Leaves caducous, alternate, scattered below, clustered at ends of branchlets, linear, sessile, about ½ in. long. Invols. in dense sessile clusters, about ⅙ in. in diameter at tips of branches, cup-shaped, minute; lobes 5, ovate subciliate; glands 5, minute, transversely elliptic, entire. Ovary erect on stout pedicel as long as invol.

Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Dakhila, south of Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling)?

E. venenifica Trém. SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; RIS (Tagele)—Nuba; JIANGO—Zande.

Bushy shrub, up to 7 or 8 ft. high, with fleshy, cylindrical branches armed with conical prickles. Leaves deciduous, 3-11 in. long, narrowly lanceolate to oblong-cuneate, tapering into the short petiole. Cymes solitary in axils of spine tubercles, ½-¾ in. long including the short peduncle, once or twice forked, the branches bearing 3 invols.; central invol. sessile, lateral short pedicellate, about 1/7 in. diameter, cup-shaped, lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed at top, rim-glands 1/12 in. diameter, transversely oblong. Capsules deeply 3-lobed, erect, about ⅓ in. diameter.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Abu Gurun’s Zariba, Mittu: Dukutu, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

Used by natives for poisoning arrows.

E. Teke Schweinfth.

Very large tree; young branches fleshy, 4-angled, about ½-¾ in. diameter, armed with geminate, diverging stipular spines, about ⅙ in. long, blackish. Leaves glabrous, elongated cuneate-obovate, 3-12 in. long, tapering into the ⅓-1 in. long petioles. Cymes axillary, sessile, of 2-4 peduncle-like branches, 1½-2½ in. long, each with 2, about ½ in. long branches, each end ending in a solitary sessile invol.; bracts under invol. nearly ¼ in. long, ovate, deciduous. Invol. under ½ in. diameter, broadly cup-shaped; lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed; glands 5, transversely elliptic-oblong; ovary erect, glabrous.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru and Diagbe Rivers).

E. triaculeata Forsk. var. triacantha N.E. Br.

Spiny, succulent, leafless bushy plant, 5-20 in. high; stems with branches about ½ in. thick, usually 3-5 angled, angles often prominent, with deep notches forming triangular teeth, each margined with a horny shield bearing 1 straight needle-like spine up to 1 in. long and 2 small prickles at its base. Cymes small, solitary in axils of teeth, with 3 invols.; bracts scale-like. Invol. minute; lobes 5-6 transversely rectangular, fringed; glands united into a 5-lobed spreading rim; ovary not exserted.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & Khor Seterra).

E. monacantha Pax.

Succulent, much branched, very spiny, leafless plant, 4-8 in. high; stems about ½ in. thick, with several spiral series of tubercles or tuberculate angles, each tubercle bearing 1 spreading spine ⅓-¾ in. long, with or without a pair of minute prickles at its base on a 3-lobed horny shield. Leaves scale-like, deciduous. Invols. 3 together in axils of the shields, sessile or nearly so, with a pair of oblong toothed bracts, cup-shaped, about 6⅛ in. diameter, lobes 5, cuneate; glands variable contiguous or separated; ovary sessile.

Red Sea Province (Suakin).

E. Thi Schweinfth. ANKHAU—Hadendowa; DAMBOTIT—Rashida.

Succulent, spiny, leafless bush, 2-4 ft. high; branches erect, up to about 2 in. diam., 4-6 angled, constricted at intervals of 1-2½ in.; angles compressed, lobed by the constrictions with continuous horny margins; spines varying from ⅙-¾ in., in pairs, diverging, ⅙-½ in. apart. Cymes solitary in axils of spines, subsessile, with 3 invols.; bracts small, ovate. Invol. ⅙ in. diam., lobes 5, cuneate, fringed; glands 5, transversely oblong. Caps. ⅛ in. diam., partly exserted.

Nubia (Wadi Teeke, between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat).

E. abyssinica Gmelin. SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; HEID—Hadendowa.

Tree with succulent, leafless branches, which are ascending, forming a large crown and up to 8- (usually 6-) angled; angles scolloped or crenate owing to frequent constrictions; spines continuous on top of angles, in groups of 5 or 2, divaricate, about ½ in. long. Cymes crowded at top of branchlets; invol. with 5 transversely-elliptic, yellow glands. Capsules with a distinct 3-lobed calyx at base, crimson streaked with white when ripe.

Red Sea Prov.: Between Suakin & Berber; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd country?).

E. Murieli N.E. Br. SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab.

Large tree with ascending, leafless and spineless branches, forming a large crown; branches slightly constricted at regular or irregular distances; constrictions all of same diameter; angles 4, sometimes 5, margins even; spines 0; spine shields horny, oblong, ¼-½ in. apart, not connected by horny border. Leaves rudimentary, minute. Cymes numerous at top of branchlets; pedicels ½-1 in. long bearing, on branches ¼-⅓ in. long, 3 invols.; bracts minute, suborbicular; invol. ¼ in. diameter; lobes 5, short; glands 5 erect, contiguous or nearly so, reniform, forming a lip. Capsules exserted, curved to one side, ⅓ in. diameter.

Bahr El Jebel.

E. Erythrææ N.E. Br.

Small, leafless, succulent, spiny tree; branches ascending, candelabrum-like, 3-4 or 5-7 angled, irregularly constricted; angles wing-like, up to about 1 in. broad, straight or wavy; spines in pairs up to ⅓ in. long, on suborbicular shields close together but not connected. Flowers and fruit not known.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Harassa valley).

E. calycina N.E. Br.

Succulent, spiny, leafless tree, 30 ft. high; branches 4-angled, wing-like, faintly sinuate, with small central core; constrictions slight, 5-7 in. apart or more; spines up to ⅙ in. long, in pairs ½-¾ in. apart, on oblong or suborbic. shields which are not connected by horny border. Leaves scale-like. Cymes on peduncles ½-¾ in. long, bearing a central, sessile, male invol. and 2 lateral hermaphr., on short branches. Invol. about ¼ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped; lobes 5, broad, fringed; glands 5, subcontiguous, transverse reniform, 2-lipped with ends decurved. Ovary exserted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Mittu-land: at Legbi).

E. Candelabrum Trémaut. SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; AURI (J. Daier)—Nuba; BAKUNGI & FUFUMI—Bari; KAKOB—Bongo; BOL & BUAL (Bahr El Jebel)—Dinka; BULL—Nuer.

Armed tree with stem up to 3 ft. diameter, forming a large crown of candelabrum-like habit; branchlets fleshy, 3-4 or 5-angled, not wing-like, constricted at intervals; core thicker than in preceding; spines geminate, diverging, up to ⅙ in. long, on rounded horny cushions which are not decurrent. Flowers and fruit not known.

Southern Sudan (on poor soil or rock).

The milky juice is used for poisoning arrows.

230Bridelia scleroneuroides Pax. APIAT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; INZI—Golo.

Shrub or small tree; branchlets yellowish hairy. Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 1-5 in. long, pubescent above when young, softly and densely pubescent beneath; lateral nerves straight to the margin. Flowers monœcious; male flowers small, numerous, subsessile in leaf-axils; sepals 5, ovate; petals 5, broad-ovate, toothed at apex; stamens 5; female flowers fewer or solitary: sepals as in male; petals elliptic-ovate, thick, slightly bifid; styles 2, bifid. Drupe globose, ¼ in. diameter, 2-celled.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Khor Tela).

B. ferruginea Benth. var. orientalis Hutchinson.

Shrub or small tree; branchlets rusty, hairy. Leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, 2-4 in. long, pubescent on nerves and veins below; lateral nerves 11-13, unbranched to margin. Male flowers: sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, slightly hooded, pubescent outside with long adpressed hairs; petals 5, minute, obovate, toothed; stamens 5; disk thick, wrinkled. Female flowers: sepals as in male; petals lanceolate, acute; disk bottle-shaped, enclosing ovoid ovary, pubescent; styles 2, bipartite. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 1-celled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Okel; Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

B. micrantha Baill.

Densely crowned tree, 20-40 ft. high; branchlets rusty-tomentose when young. Leaves oblong-elliptic to obovate, 2-7 in. long, shining above; lateral nerves 8-16, ascending and finally forming a marginal nerve. Male flowers small, short-stalked; sepals 5, triangular, pubescent at base; petals 5, obovate-cuneate, 3-lobed or toothed. Female flowers sessile; sepals as above; petals ovate entire; disk almost enclosing the ovoid ovary, densely pilose outside; styles 2, 2-lobed. Fruit ovoid, ⅙-¼ in. diameter, 1-celled.

Mongalla Prov, (Yei River).

A food plant of the African Silk Worm (Anaphe infracta) in Uganda. The timber is white and very durable.

231Megabaria ugandensis Hutchinson. KAPAH—Kaliko.

Tall tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves alternate, clustered towards ends of branchlets, broadly elliptic, 3-11 in. long, glabrous. Infl. diœcious; male in glabrous panicles at ends of branchlets, axis 6-8 in. long, bracts ovate-triangular, up to ⅙ in. long; spikelets up to ½ in. long, each with a membranous bract at base; calyx 5-partite, lobes broad-ovate; petals 5, small, elliptic; stamens 5; disk-glands 5. Female infl. a panicle of racemes; calyx and petals as in male; disk cupular; ovary and fruit ovoid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Guju in Dar Fertit); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

232Amanoa Schweinfurthii Baker & Hutchinson.

Monœcious, glabrous shrub, about 10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, slightly emarginate, shining above, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in axillary spicate clusters on short lateral leafy branches. Male flowers several in each head; sepals 5, ovate; petals 5, short, scale-like. Female flowers solitary in each head.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mayob).

233Andrachne aspera Spreng.

Monœcious diffuse, scabrous herb, about 1 ft. high, from a perennial root stock. Leaves alternate, orbicular or sub-reniform, ¼-¾ in. broad. Flowers axillary; male flower fasciculate; sep. ovate-lanceolate, minute, 5-6; pet. 5-6, equalling sep., lanceolate; disk-glands 5-6, opposite petals; female flower solitary; sepals longer than in male, oblong-lanceolate; pet. very small, lanceolate; disk-glands 5; styles 3, 2-partite; ovary 3-celled. Capsule globose, ⅛ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).

234Antidesma venosum Tul. YUKDASHI—Golo.

Diœcious, willow-like shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, elliptic or oblanceolate, up to 6 in. long, glabrous or pubescent above and thinly pubescent to tomentose below. Male spikes up to 6 in. long, silky; calyx 3-5 partite; pet. 0; stamens 3-5. Female racemes 1-5 in. long. Flowers pedicellate, ellipsoid, glabrous about ⅓ in. long.

Damp places; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (moist ground near Khors: Dar Fertit, Niamniam-land and Jur); Mongalla Prov. (Gigging).

The juice is said to be substitute for collyrium.

235Mæsobotrya floribunda Schweinfth.

Diœcious tree or shrub. Leaves alternate, elliptic, 3-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, margin remotely repand denticulate; pet. ½-1¼ in. long, stout. Male racemes crowded in leaf-axils, about 2 in. long; calyx 5-6 lobed, minute; pet. 0; stamens 5-6 free; disk-glands large, fleshy. Female racemes solitary or geminate, axillary, about 3 in. long; cal. lobes ovate, imbricate; disk cupular, short ovary ovoid, styles 2, short, bilobed. Flowers ovoid, ¼ in. long, purple.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Assika River).

Wood yellowish white, works well, density 0.651; suitable for joinery.

236Hymenocardia acida Tul. GARE & GERE—Bongo; KWANGE & GARA—Golo; AKAN—Jur; BAGBODI—Zande.

Tall, diœcious, apetalous shrub; branchlets rusty puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, up to 3½ in. long. Male flower in catkin-like spikes, up to 2½ in. long; cal. cupular, shortly 5-lobed, pinkish; stamens 5; anthers with a golden gland on the back near the top. Female flower in axillary short racemes; calyx 5-8 partite, pubescent; ovary glabrous, winged; styles 2. Fruit 2-winged, much like that of a small maple.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gurgus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Dinka & Mittu-lands); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. southwards).

The bark yields a red tan; it is also used by the Bongos as an antiseptic.

237Drypetes (Cyclostemon) Mildbrædii Hutchinson.

Large diœcious, apetalous shrub; bark light-grey; branchlets angular, puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, shortly acuminate, 4-8 in. long, midrib and lat. nerves pubescent. Flowers fasciculate on 2-year-old wood; pedicels very short. Male flower sep. 4, suborbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; stamens 10, free, inserted round the fleshy, lobed disk. Female flower sep. 4, a little larger than male; disk annular, thick; ovary slightly bilobed; stigmas flat, 2-fid.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).

238Phyllanthus inflatus Hutchinson. sp. nov.

Leafy branchlets arising from short scaly branchlets. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, glaucous. Fruit large, bladder-like, 1½ in. long, crustaceous; stalks ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Kagi Ko, Yei River).

P. reticulatus Poir. KOROPONGO—Golo.

Erect or scrambling, monœcious, apetalous shrub, at length nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, ½-1¼ in. long; stip. lanceolate, acute. Male flower small, axillary, fascicled; sep. 5, ovate-elliptic, 1-nerved; stamens 5, 2 or 3 of the filaments connate, the others free and shorter; disk-glands 5, obovate. Female flower solitary or few; sep. as in male and disk also; ovary depressed globose; styles 3 short, erect. Fruit ¼ in. diam., fleshy or coriaceous.

Berber Prov. (Atbara: El Leya, Zeidab); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Haddad); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

The roots yield a red dye. The leaves have diuretic and cooling properties.

P. floribundus Muell. Arg.

Armed monœcious trailing or climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, mucronate, ¾-3 in. long. Racemes fascicled in axils of branchlets, up to 2 in. long, bearing clusters of 2-3 male and 1 female flower. Male flower sep. 5, oblong, minute, disk-glands 5, fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female flower sep. soon deciduous; disk cupular; ovary ellipsoid; styles 4-5, bilobed. Fruit depressed globose, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).

P. discoideus Muell. Arg.

Shrub to tall tree, diœcious. Leaves ovate-elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, 1-4 in. long. Male flowers numerous, in axillary fascicles; bracts large orbicular, deciduous; sep. 4, obovate-oblong, very small; disk fleshy entire; stamens 4, free. Female flower axillary, geminate; sep. 4, larger than male; disk fleshy; ovary ellipsoid. Capsule 3-4 lobed, ⅓ in. diam.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

P. capillaris Schum. & Thonn.

Whitish pubescent monœcious shrub, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, ⅓-1 in. long, glaucous beneath. Male flower axillary, fascicled; pedicels ¾ in. long; sep. 5, minute, obovate; glands 5, fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female flower mostly solitary; sep. 4-5, ovate-elliptic, minute; disk saucer-shaped; styles 3, bipartite. Fruit depressed, globose, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

P. nummulariæfolius Poir.

Small monœcious shrub. Leaves obovate or rounded-obovate, ¼-¾ in. long, otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land): Sueh River & Mt. Baginze); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

P. pentandrus Schum. & Thonn.

Woody monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lin.-lanc., up to ¾ in. long. Male flower axillary in lower leaves, 2-3 together; sep. 5, ovate, glands 5, flat; stamens 5, free. Female flower solitary in axils of upper leaves; sep. and disk as male; styles shortly bifid. Capsule depressed-globose, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad, Obeid, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).

P. amarus Schum. & Thonn.

Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or elliptic, ⅙-½ in. long; one male and one female flower in each leaf axil. Male flower sep. 5, ovate, minute, glands small; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower sep. larger than male; disk 5-lobed; styles 3, short, bifid. Capsule depressed 3-lobed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

P. maderaspatensis Linn.

Erect monœcious herb or undershrub; flower branchlets almost winged. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or oblanceolate, up to 1½ in. long; stip. lanceolate and auricled about ⅛ in. long. Male and female flower sometimes together in leaf axils, or female solitary, much larger than males; ped. 1/12 in. Male flower, sep. 6, oblong-lanceolate, minute; disk-glands 6, flat; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower, sep. 6, 2-seriate ovate-elliptic; disk of 6 flat glands; styles 3, bifid. Capsule 3-lobed, ⅛ in. diam.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: woods north of Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

An infusion of the leaves is used for headaches. Cattle eat the leaves.

P. prostrata Welw.

Small prostrate, monœcious herb. Leaves elliptic, spinescent at apex, ¼ in. long. Male flower axillary and geminate in lower parts; sep. 6, oblong, minute; glands 6, orbicular; stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower solitary in upper parts; sepals 6, in 2 rows oblong; disk annular; styles 3, bifid. Capsule depressed globose, ⅙ in. diam.

Khartoum Prov.

P. odontadenius Muell. Arg.

Monœcious annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves oblong, ⅓-¾ in. long. Male flower axillary in lower leaf-axils, few together; sep. 6, oblong, minute; glands minute; stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower solitary in upper leaf axils; sep. 6, biseriate, larger than male; disk annular crenate; styles 3, bilobed. Capsule enclosed by whitish persistent sepals.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

P. Niruri Linn. ERGANA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect branched monœcious herb, 1 ft. high, with fine feathery foliage. Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-½ in. long. Male flower solitary in lower parts of branchlets; sep. and glands 6 resp., small; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower solitary in upper parts of branchlets; sep. 6, larger than male; disk flat, about 10-toothed. Capsule globose-trilobed, 1/10 in. diam.

Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol): Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

The leaves are used medicinally for various disorders.

P. rotundifolius Klein.

Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves rounded-obovate, under ½ in. long. Two or three male and one female flower together in each axil. Male, sep. 6, glands 6; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female, sep. larger than male, ovate; disk crenulate, small; ovary depressed globose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.).

239Fluggea microcarpa Blume. DABALAB (Blue Nile)—Arab; MALI—Hameg; BUGGULTYEN (Dilling)—Nuba.

Diœcious, apetalous shrub or small tree, growing in moist ground. Leaves alternate, elliptic or obovate, obtusely pointed or emarginate, up to 2½ in. long. Male flowers numerous in axillary fascicles; ped. ⅙ in.; sep. 5, unequal, largest 1/12 in. long, obovate; disk-glands large and fleshy with 3 or 4 depressions on outside; stamens 5, free. Female flower also in axillary fascicles, numerous; sep. as male; disk annular; ovary ovoid; styles 3, connate at base, bilobed, rarely absent. Fruit white, depressed globose about ⅙ in diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gendua River & Goz Regeb); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga & Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel.

Wood reddish-yellow, close-grained, strong and durable. The bark is astringent and is used as a fish poison.

240Croton lobatus Linn. UMDILEIDMĀN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Tall monœcious woody herb. Leaves digitately 3-5 partite, 1-4 in. long, alternate, crenate, pet. up to 4 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, up to 5 in. long, bearing female flower below, male above, 2 ft. to each bract. Male flower, sep. 5, greenish, minute; pet. 5; stamens 10-13. Female flower, sep. 5, ¼ in. long, lin.-lanceolate, glandular-hairy; pet. 5, represented by a minute hair each; disk shortly 5-lobed; styles 3, free, 6-7 lobed. Capsule ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); White Nile Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov. (between Taiara & Gefil).

C. polytrichus Pax.

Shrub? Monœcious; branchlets rusty tomentose. Leaves oblong-ovate or obl.-elliptic, acuminate, biglandular at base, 1-2 in. long, stellate pubescent. Racemes stellately pubescent terminal, 4 in. long, upper ⅔ male, female below. Male flower, sep. 5, minute; pet. 5, minute; disk-glands fleshy, suborbicular; stamens 15. Female flower, sep. 5; pet. a tuft of hairs; disk undulately lobed; styles 3, bilobed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

C. niloticus Muell. Arg.

Diœcious shrub; stems and branches clothed with scaly pubescence. Leaves dimorphic—of the young branchlets broadly ovate or ovate-rhomboid, 2-4 in. long, digitately 5-nerved; of the older branches 1 ft. long and broad deeply cordate, 7-nerved; pet. 1-6 in. long. Male flower not known; female racemes axillary and terminal, 3½ in. long; sep. 5, minute; pet. 0; disk saucer-shaped, fleshy; styles deeply bilobed.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

C. gratissimus Burch. NIMARDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Large monœcious shrub, twigs and under surface of leaves covered with silvery scaly tomentum. Leaves alternate ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Racemes terminal, up to 2½ in. long, bisexual. Male flower, sep. and pet. 5, ovate 1/10 in. long, scaly; disk-glands thick, opposite the sepals; stamens 10-5. Female flower, sep. and pet. 5; disk minute; ovary densely clothed with fringed scales. Capsule ⅛ in. long, slightly 3-lobed.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Talodi: Um Qualeet).

A decoction is drunk for malaria, and also used as a massage lotion in cases of fever.

C. leuconeurus Pax.

Monœcious tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2-5 in. long, crenate-serrate with short stipitate glands between the teeth. Racemes terminal, interrupted. Female flowers few, mixed with males. Male flower hairy; sep. and pet. 5, 1/10 in. long; glands small and fleshy; stamens about 18. Female flower, sep. 5, pet. rudimentary, pilose; disk fleshy; ovary globose densely tomentose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).

241Jatropha tuberosa Pax.

Monœcious, 1-2 ft. high; root tuberous. Leaves sessile, upper deeply 3-lobed, 6 in. long, lower lanceolate, 3-5 in. long, serrulate. Cymes terminal, dichotomous. Female flower terminating each axis, male lateral; bracts ¼ in. long, glandular-toothed; sep. 5, pet. 5, all minute; glands 5; stamens 8 in 2 series, 3 inner filaments connate. Female flower, sep. and pet. 5, larger than male; disks 5-lobed, lobes toothed; styles bifid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Mangob).

J. melanosperma Pax.

Monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves deeply 3-lobed to subentire 2½-6 in. long, serrulate. Cymes small; flowers crowded, much as above; seeds black, shining ¼ in. long; the bracts are smaller and eglandular.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land).

J. lobata Muell. Arg.

Monœcious undershrub, about 1 ft. high. Leaves digitately 3-5 lobed, 1½-3 in. long and broad, serrate. Cymes few-flowered, 1 in. diam.; bracts ¼ in. long, gland-toothed; sep. and pet. minute, gland-toothed; glands small; stamens 8. Female flower, sep. and pet. larger than male; disk 5-lobed. Capsule ½ in. long, buff-coloured.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, etc.); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gumbara).

J. aceroides Hutchinson.

Small shrub. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, 1-4 in. long, coarsely dentate. Cymes few-flowered. Male flower, sep. 1/10 in.; pet. 1/5 in. long; glands large round contiguous; stamens 8; filaments partially connate. Female flower, sep. larger than male; pet. 0; disk deeply 5-lobed. Fruit not known.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, Khor Gwob).

J. Curcas Linn. HABB-EL-MELUK (Egypt)—Arab.

Sappy shrub. Leaves 5-lobed or entire, ovate-rounded, 3½-5½ in. long and wide; pet. 3-7 in. long. Cymes shorter than leaves. Male flower, sep. 1/7 in. long; pet. 2/9 in. long, pilose within, connate below; disk-glands cylindric; stamens 8, 3 inner connate. Female flower, sep. larger than male; pet. ¼ in. long, pilose; disk deeply 5-lobed. Capsule ellipsoid, 1 in. long.

Introduced: Khartoum Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir, planted by Marchand); Bahr El Jebel.

It is used as a hedge-plant. The seeds are poisonous and act as a violent purgative. An oil is extracted from the seeds which is used for making soap.

J. glandulosa Vahl.

Shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves 3-lobed, orbicular in outline, 1-2½ in. long and wide, hairy, glandular-dentate; stip. reduced to a mass of sessile glands. Cymes 2 in. diam.; bracts glandular-toothed. Male flower, sep. pubescent, glandular-toothed, minute; pet. 1/5 in. long, connate lower ⅔; disk-glands fleshy; stamens 8, filaments connate half-way. Female flower, sep. pubescent, gland-toothed; pet. 0; disk 5-lobed, fleshy.

Between Suakin & Kassala (J. Iskeneib).