M.A., TRIN. HALL. CAMB.; MEMBER OF COUNCIL OF THE PHILOLOGICAL AND EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETIES; LOVER OF OLD BOOKS. (continued 5)

Knives, for bread, 4/50-2;

for the table, ib., l. 63.

Knives, the Butler’s three, p. 152;

the lord’s, 200/675.

Knight, the rank of a, 70/1016; 72/1058.

Knop, 192/453, knob, bunch?

Kommende, 253/104, this may possibly be like 254/120, commend (q.v.) a cup to you to drink; but 270/71, ‘sey welle’, looks as if praise were meant.

Kymbe, 61/886, comb.

Kyn, 177/13, birth.

Kynraden, 185/279; A.S. cynnryne, a family course, parentage.

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Labour not after meals, p. 136.

Lace- or buckle-shoes, 62/896.

Ladies, how to behave to, 264/73.

Ladies soon get angry, 165/8.

Lady of low degree has her lord’s estate or rank, 171/19.

Lakke, 269/76, blame; Du. laecken, to vituperate, blame, or reproach. Hexham.

Lamb, 54/807; p. 106;

how to carve, 28/441.

Lamb and ginger sauce, 36/537.

Lambur, 193/480. ? has it anything to do with Fr. lambrequin, the point of a labell, or Labell of a file in Blazon; Lambel, a Labell of three points, or a File with three Labells pendant (Cot.). Ladies wore and wear ornaments somewhat of this kind.

Lambskins, p. 131.

Lamprey, 50/724; 58/840; p. 119. See Henry V.’s commission to Guillielmus de Nantes de Britanniâ to supply him and his army with Lampreys up to Easter, 1418. From the Camp at Falaise, Feb. 6. Rymer, ix. 544.

Lamprey, names of a, p. 99, bottom.

Lamprey pasty, 167/25.

Lampreys, fresh, pie of, how to serve, 44/630-45; p. 99.

Lamprey, salt, how to carve, 39/566; 167/2.

Lampron, names of a, p. 100.

Lampurnes, 50/719; 55/820; 58/848;

bake, 51/725;

rost, 51/737; 41/588, lamperns.

Landlords, their duty, 242/13.

Lands of a lord, his Chancellor oversees, 196/571.

Lapewynk, 37/542; p. 98, lapwing.

Lappes, 191/452, wraps.

Lapwing, how to carve, 27/417; p. 158, last line.

Lark (the bird), 28/437, 37/542, 49/698, p. 103.

Laske, 7/91, loose (in the bowels).

Last, 15/227, uppermost.

Laugh, don’t, with your mouth full, 179/67; 272/109.

Laugh loudly, don’t, 264/75.

Laugh not, 269/57;

not too often, 183/215.

Laughing always is bad, 212/85.

Lauour, 16/232, washing-basin?. Lavacrum, a lavour, Reliq. Ant. i. 7. Esguiere: f. An Ewer, a Lauer. Cotgrave (see Halliwell).

Law, how kept, 268/53.

Law, men of, their duty, 242/11.

Law, 187/330, low.

Lawes, 183/217, laughs.

Lawnde, 2/16, and note.

Lay the Cloth, how to, 13/187; 154/23.

Leaking of wine pipes, 8/110; 153/10.

Lean not on the table, 255/146.

Learning, its roots bitter, its fruits pleasant, 228/202.

Leche, a, 51/725, 737; 54/810.

Leche dugard, 50/708.

Leche fryture, 52/749.

See Leschefrites, leschefrayes, in the index to the Ménagier de Paris. Reference added by editor.

Leche Lombard, 48/689; 157/2. See ‘Lumber’ in Nares. The recipe in Forme of Cury, p. 36, is

Take rawe Pork, and pulle of the skyn, and pyke out þe skyn [&] synewis, and bray the Pork in a morter with ayreñ rawe; do þerto sugur, salt, raysoñs, corañce, datis mynced, and powdour of Peper, powdour gylofre, and do it in a bladder, and lat it seeþ til it be ynowhȝ. and whan it is ynowh, kerf it, leshe it in likenesse of a peskodde, and take grete raysoñs and grynde hem in a morter, drawe hem up wiþ rede wyne, do þerto mylke of almãndis, colour it with sañders and safroñ and do þerto powdour of peper and of gilofre, and boile it. and whan it is iboiled, take powdour of canel and gynger, and temper it up with wyne. and do alle þise thyngis togyder. and loke þat it be rẽnyns, and lat it not seeþ after that it is cast togyder, and serue it forth.

Leche, whyte, 157/7.

Leeches, 34/516, strips of meat, &c., dressed in sauce or jelly.

Lees, 26/407; 30/466, strips; 43/610, slices.

Leessez, 33/504; 34/546, strips of meat in sauce.

Lede, 179/78, leaved, left.

Left hand only to touch food, 22/329.

Legate, 70/1013;

the pope’s, l. 1023.

Legh, 191/441, ?law, hill, elevation, A.S. hlæw; or lea land, ground.

Legs not to be set astraddle, 20/299.

Legs of great birds, the best bits, 26/403, 410; 27/426; 30/471.

Lele, 196/593; loyally?, justly.

Lemman, 44/635, dear young friend; A.S. leof, dear.

Lengthe, 31/488, lengthen.

Lered, 65/956, taught, told.

Lerynge, 56/831, teaching.

Lesche, v. tr., p. 151, slice.

Lessynge, 153/17, remedy, cure.

Lesynge, 9/116, curing, restoring to good condition.

Lete, 8/110; p. 86, leak.

Letters, the use of, 228/186.

Leues, 202/741, remains.

Leuys, 203/787, remains.

Lewd livers to dread, 239/933.

-lewe,

See drunkelewe.

Liar, don’t be one, 19/292; 183/213.

Liberal, don’t be too, 258/11, p. 261, line L.

Lice, 18/280; p. 93.

Lick not the dish, 19/295.

Licoure, 25/382, sauce, dressing.

Lie not, 270/75.

Lie far from your bedfellow, 186/297.

Lies, 9/116, deposit, settlement.

Light payne, 22/339, fine bread for eating.

Lights to be put above the Hall chimney or fire-place, p. 192/467-8.

Line of the blood royal, 171/24.

Linen, body-, to be clean, 60/876.

Linen, used to wipe the nether end, 64/935.

Ling (the fish), 38/555; p. 98; p. 58, note ⁸; 59/852; 168/6.

Lining of a jacket, the best, p. 131.

Lips; don’t put ’em out as if you’d kiss a horse, 211/73.

Lips, keep ’em clean, 277, 278/34.

Lis, 3/31, relieve. ‘ac a-lys us of yfele,’ but deliver us from evil, Lord’s Prayer. Rel. Ant.i. 204.

Listen to him who speaks to you, 187/331.

Lite, 56/830, little.

Litere, 191/435, litter, straw or rushes for beds.

Livery of candles, Nov. 1 to Feb. 2, 205/839. Fr. La Livrée des Chanoines. their liverie, or corrodie; their stipend, exhibition, dailie allowance in victuals or money. Cot.

Loaf, small, to be cut in two, 202/735.

Loaves, two to be brought when bread is wanted, 203/781-4.

“Lobster” citation moved by author to “crevis”: see Corrigenda

Lokere, 268/60, ? not look, oversee, superintend, and so oppress; but from Dutch Loker, an allurer, or an inticer, locken, to allure or entise, Hexham; lokken, to allure, bait. Sewel.

Lombard, leche, 48/689; 157/2.

See Leche Lombard. ‘Frutour lumbert ... Lesshe lumbert.’ Oxford dinner, 1452. Reliq. Ant.i. 88.

Look steadily at whoever talks to you, 252/65.

London bushel, 20 loaves out of a, 198/625.

London, Mayor of, 76/1137.

Londoner, an ex-Mayor, 71/1025; 73/1067.

Long hair is unseemely, 213/126.

Long pepper, 153/33.

Longe wortes, 34/518, ? carrots, parsnips, &c.

Lord, a, how dressed, p. 61-2; p. 168;

how undressed and put to bed, p. 65-6; p. 169;

his pew and privy, p. 63;

washing before dinner, 254/129;

after, 257/199.

See Hands, &c.

Lord, how to behave before one, 262/3;

how to serve one at table, p. 275-6.

Lord, let yours drink first, 269/69.

Lord or lady when talking, not to be interrupted, 254/106.

Lordes nurrieris, 71/1039; p. 110.

Lords’ beds, 191/443.

Lorely, 181/135, loosely about?

A.S. leóran, leósan, to go forth, away, or forward, leese, lose.

Lorely may be lorel-ly, like a lorel, a loose, worthless fellow, a rascal. Corrigenda

Lothe (be loth to lend), p. 258, p. 261, line L.

Lothe, 178/48, be disgusted.

Loud talking and laughing to be avoided, 19/290-1.

Loued, 197/600, allowed, given credit for.

Love God and your neighbour, 268/51.

Love, the fruits of, 237/815.

Lowly, be, 229/278.

Lowne, 209/12, lout.

Lowt, 41/579, lie.

Lowte, 262/8, do obeisance, bow. ‘I lowte, I gyue reuerence to one, Ie me cambre, Ie luy fais la reuerence.’ Palsgrave, in Way. A.S. hlútan, to bow.

Lumpischli, 276/16, ‘to be lumpish, botachtigh zijn: botachtigh, Rudish, Blockish, or that hath no understanding.’ Hexham.

Lyer, 146/11,

? the cook’s stock for soup; glossed ‘a mixture’ by Mr Morris in Liber Cure Cocorum. And make a lyoure of brede and blode, and lye hit þerwithe ... ib. p. 32, in ‘Gose in a Hogge pot.’ ? Lat. liquor, or Fr. lier to soulder, vnite, combine. Cot.

Lyft, p. 151, carve.

Lying, against, 239, cap. xiii.

Lykorous, 19/292, lip-licking?

Lynse wolse, 132/5, linsey-woolsey.

Lynd, 270/61, Du. lindt, soft, milde, or gentle. Hex.

Lyour, 191/446, a band.

Lytulle of worde, 178/34, sparing in speech.

Lyvelode, 74/1087-8, property.

Lyueray, 188/371, pl. lyuerés, 189/395, allowances of food, &c. See Livery.

Lyuerey, p. 216, No. vii. servant’s dress. Fr. livrée ... One’s cloth, colours, or deuice in colours, worn by his seruants or others. Cotgrave.

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Mackerel, 39/559; p. 40; p. 98;

salt, 57/834;

how to carve, 40/575-6.

Mackeroone, 96/14, a tart.

Magistrates, their duty, 242/18.

Make, 274/143, stroke?

Malencolicus, p. 54; p. 104.

Malice, 237/783, 817.

Mallard, 164/28;

how to carve it, 26/402; 158/25.

Mallard, &c., how they get rid of their stink, 165/32-3.

Maluesy, 153/20;

Malvesyn, 9/120; p. 86; p. 90, No. 12; p. 93, No. 6; the sweet wine Malmsey.

Malyke or Malaga, figs of, 166/18.

Mameny, 49/705; 52/744;

recipe at p. 145.

Manchet, 198/627, fine bread.

Manerable, 75/1113, well-trained.

Manerly, 13/195; 63/923, neatly.

Maners, 197/601, dwelling-houses, mansions, Fr. manoir, a Mansion, Mannor, or Mannor-house. Cot.

Manger, a horse’s, 197/610.

Mangle your food, don’t, 256/176-9. ‘I mangle a thing, I disfygure it with cuttyng of it in peces or without order. Je mangonne ... and je mutille. You have mangylled this meate horrybly, it is nat to sette afore no honest men (nul homme de bien) nowe.’ Palsgrave.

Manners maketh man, 263/34;

are more requisite than playing, 233/513.

Man’s arms, the use of, 268/38.

Mansuetely, 61/887. Fr. mansuet, gentle, courteous, meeke, mild, humble. Cot.

Mantle, 65/957, cloak or dressing-gown.

Mantle of a whelk, 44/625.

Many words are tedious, 252/75.

Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John, bless yourself by, 181/151.

Marquess and Earl are equal, 70/1012; 72/1049.

Marshal of the Hall, p. 69-78, p. 170-2;

his duties, p. 188-90;

arrests rebels, 189/381;

seats men by their ranks, 189/403;

has a short wand, 187/356;

attends to all bed-chambers except the lord’s, 190/427-30.

Marshal or usher comes up to a guest, 178/30.

Marshallynge, 78/1165, arranging of guests.

Martyn, skin or fur of, for garments, p. 139.

Martynet, 157/9; 159/7, the martin (bird).

Mary, the Virgin, 48/691.

Mase, 183/216, makes.

Mass, hear one daily, 266/17.

Mass heard by the nobles every morning, but not by business men, p. 130.

Master, don’t go before your, 185/281;

don’t waste his goods, 4/47; 219/9.

Master, don’t strive with your, 183/226. Iamais ne gaigne qui plaide à son seigneur; ou, qui procede à son Maistre. Pro. No man euer throue by suing his Lord or Maister; (for either God blesses not so vndutifull a strife, or successe followes not in so vnequal a match.) Cot.

Master of a craft sits above the warden, &c., 78/1159.

Master of the Rolls, rank of, 70/1017; 72/1060.

Masters, duties of, 241/6.

Mastic, to be chewed before you rest, p. 139.

Maistirs of the Chauncery, rank of, 71/1027; 73/1068.

Mawes, 178/55, mocks; 187/341.

Mawmeny, recipe for, p. 145.

Maydelyne gynger, 10/132.

Mayor of Calais, 70/1020; 72/1064.

Mayor of London, 70/1014; 72/1051.

Mays, 194/533, makes.

Mead, p. 107.

Meals, 3 a day to be eaten, p. 135;

only 2 a day, p. 141.

Measure is treasure, 232/477.

Mede, 181/135, reward; for no kyn mede, on no account whatever.

Medelus (meddlesome), don’t be too, p. 258, p. 261, line M.

Medicinable bath, how to make, p. 67-9.

Meek, don’t be too, like a fool, 182/179.

Meene, 261/15, mean, middle course.

See Moderation.

Melle, 268/56, mix, meddle.

Men must work, 268/31.

Mené, smaller, 197/604, lower officers of the household.

Menewes in sewe of porpas, 166/6;

in porpas, 167/35.

Menske, 178/32, civility; 184/234, favour. From A.S. mennisc, human: cf. our double sense of ‘humanity.’ H. Coleridge. Cp. also ‘kind’ and ‘gentle.’

Menskely, 185/291, moderately.

Menuce, 55/819;

menuse, 52/747, minnows.

Meny, 270/88, household.

Merchants, duty of, 242/14;

rank of, 71/1037; 73/1071.

Merlynge, 39/558, the fish whiting; 57/834; 166/31.

Mermaid, p. 117.

Merry, be, before bed-time, p. 128.

Merry, don’t be too, p. 258, p. 261, line M.

Mertenet, 37/542; p. 98, the martin; Mertenettes, 49/706.

Mertinet, 28/437; p. 95, martin.

Mess, each, at dinner, to be booked at 6d., 190/413.

Mess, who may sit 2 or 3 at a, 72/1055;

who 3 or 4, l. 1057;

who 4 and 4, l. 1066.

Message, when sent on, how to behave, 236, cap. viii.

Mesurabli, p. 261, l. ¶, moderate. Mesurably, Mensurate (moderate). Prompt.

Mesure, 8/107, moderation.

Metely, 61/890, meet, fitting.

Metes, 58/845, fish.

Methe, 58/817, mead.

Metheglin, p. 107.

Metis, 8/95, vegetables; ib. l. 101, food.

Michaelmas to Chrismas, feasts from, p. 164.

Milk, 8/93. ‘Vin sur laict, c’est souhait; laict sur vin, c’est venin.’ Prov. Milke before wine, I would twere mine; milke taken after, is poisons daughter. Cot. u. Souhait.

Minnows, p. 104; 166/6.

Misereatur, to be learnt, 181/154.

Misty, adj., 62/911.

Mocker, don’t be a, 268/59.

Moderation, 8/107; 153/5; 232/477.

See Meene. Cp. p. 104 of the Old English Homilies, ed. Morris, 1868. ‘Brutes eat as soon as they get it, but the wise man shall have times set apart for his meals, and then in reason keep to his regimen.’

Mood, temper, passion.

Morning prayer, 225.

Morter, 66/968, bed-candle; 169/32; 193/503, a kind of candle used as a night-light.

Morter, a Mortarium, a light or taper set in churches, to burn possibly over the graves or shrines of the dead. Cowel. Qu. if not a cake of wax used for that purpose. Note in Brit. Mus. copy of Hawkins’s Hist. of Music, ii. 294.

Mortrowes, 35/520; 54/805; 56/827.

Mortrus, 164/31.

Motes, 16/236; 18/272, bits of dust, &c.

Moths in clothes, p. 115, last line.

Mought, flesche-, 18/280, flesh-moth, louse. ‘Mowȝte, clothe wyrme (mouhe, mow, mowghe), Tinea; Mought that eateth clothes, uers de drap.’ Palsgrave; A.S. mođđe. Prompt.

Moughtes, 64/945; p. 108, moths.

Mouth, don’t eat on both sides of, 179/65.

Mouth, drink not with a full, 255/149;

nor speak, 255/152.

Mouth, wipe it before drinking, 255/155.

Mowes (faces), don’t make, 277, 278/29. Fr. ‘Monnoye de Singe. Moes, mumps, mouthes; also, friskes, leaps, gambolls.... Mopping, mumping, mowing; also friskes, gambolls, tumbling tricks.’ Cotgrave.

Mowynge, 278/29; 19/291; making faces in derision, grimacing; ‘mowe or skorne,’ vangia vel valgia. Pr. Parv.

Mullet, 58/841, 850; 166/13.

Mulus, a sea-fish, p. 119.

Muscadelle, 9/118; p. 89, No. 6; 153/21, a sweet wine.

Musclade is Span. mezclada, mixture. Ital. mescolanza is used, in Genoa at least, for a fry of small fish.—H. H. Gibbs. Minsheu has mézela, méscla or mezcladura, a medlie, mingling. Entry added by editor

Musclade of almonds, 55/821;

in wortes, 55/821; 167/34;

of minnows, 50/719.

Muscles (fish), 55/819; p. 107; p. 116.

Musculade, 166/6; 167/34.

Musculus, the cocke of balena, p. 119.

Mustard, 48/686; p. 100; 54/796; 58/843; 159/33.

Mustard and sugar, the sauce for pheasants, &c., 36/538.

Mustard for brawn, &c., 36/533;

with fish, 59/853;

with salt fish, 38/557; 57/832.

Mustela, the see-wesyll, p. 119.

Mutton, 48/688; p. 105. ‘The moton boyled is of nature and complexion sanguyne, the whiche, to my jugement, is holsome for your grace.’ Du Guez, p. 1071.

Mutton, salt, to be eaten with mustard, 36/533;

stewed, 54/798.

Mutton, loin of, how to carve, 25/393.

Mylet, 51/735, mullet.

Myllewelle, the fish, 38/555; 50/723.

Myñ, 199/666, less.

Mynce, p. 151, carve.

Mynse, 26/400, mince.

Mysloset, 183/208, ? mispraised or misgoing, misleading.

Mystere, 199/639, craft, service.

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Nails to be clean, 265/10; 277-8/22; 18/270;

not to be picked at meals, 255/150;

to be kept from blackness, 277-8/49.

Nape in the neck, the cony’s to be cut out, 29/455.

Nape, 199/659, tablecloth.

Naperé, 199/642, napry, tablecloths and linen; /656, tablecloth.

Napery, 4/61.

Nature, all soups not made by, are bad, 35/523.

Neckweed, p. 124, a hempen halter.

Neck-towel, 13/194; p. 92;

to wipe knives on, 201/727.

Neghe, 178/25, eye.

Neeze, 211/61, sneeze.

Nereids, p. 119; p. 115.

Nesche, 45/644, tender; 67/985, soft.

Newfangled, don’t be, 258/13.

Nice, 33/508, foolish.

Nice, don’t be too, p. 258, p. 261, line N.

Night-cap to be of scarlet stuff, p. 129;

must have a hole in the top, to let the vapour out, p. 137.

Night-gown, 193/483.

No fixed time for meals, p. 141.

Noble Lyfe and Natures of Man, &c., by Laurens Andrewe, p. 113, &c. &c.

Nombles, 35/521;

see Promptorium, p. 360, note 1.

Nombles of a dere, 159/29, entrails, from umbilicus.

Noon, dinner at, 254/128.

Norture, give your heart to it, 275, 276/5.

Nose, don’t blow it on your dinner napkin, 263/53;

when you blow it on your fingers, wipe ’em, 179/90.

Nose, don’t pick it, 275, 276/12;

at meals, 255/150;

at table, 267/38.

Nose not to be wiped, 274/141;

not to be wiped on your cap, &c., 210/47-52.

Nose-napkin, 226/94.

Nottys, 6/78; p. 85, nuts.

Nowelte, 53/784, novelty.

Nowne, 179/87, own.

Nurrieris, 71/1039; p. 110.

Nurture, 45/651, correct way.

Nurture makes a man, 263/34, 30;

needful for every one, 177/4.

Nurtured, pray to be, 254/117.

Nuts, 152/19, 20.

Nyen, 180/116, eyes.

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Oaths, hate ’em, p. 258, p. 261, line O.

Oats, green, in a bath, 69/995.

Ob. 198/620, halfpence.

Obedient, servants to be, p. 216, No. vi.

Office, 202/738, mark of office?

Officers in Lords’ courts, 187/327.

Officers, their duty, 242/19.

Officers of shires, cities, and boroughs, their ranks to be understood, 76/1130-2.

Onions with salt lamprey, 40/569.

Onone, 196/591, anon, at once.

Open-clawed birds to be cooked like a capon, 164/23.

Opon, 196/580, up in?, about, over.

Opponents, answer them meekly, 186/311.

Orchun, a sea-monster, p. 120.

Order in speech, keep, 235/696.

Orders of chastity and poverty, monks, rank of, 71/1030.

Orped, 258/14; p. 261, l. O, daring; orpud audax, bellipotens. Pr. Parv.

Oryent (jelly), 52/746, bright.

Osey, 153/19, a sweet wine.

Osprey, how to carve, 26/402; p. 95.

Osulle, 28/438, the blackbird.

Ouemast, 200/671, uppermost.

Ouerþwart (don’t be), p. 258, p. 261, l. O; Fr. Pervers, peruerse, crosse, aukeward, ouerthwart, skittish, froward, vntoward. Cot.

Oyster, p. 120.

Oysters in ceuy (chive sauce), 55/822, and grauey; 167/34.

Ox; he is a companionable beast, p. 105.

Oxen, three in a plough never draw well, 185/287.

Ozey, 9/119; p. 90, No. 10, a sweet wine.

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Page, the King’s, 75/1123.

Pagrus, a fish, p. 120.

Pale, 153/16, grow pale?

Palettis, 197/435, pallets, beds of straw or rushes.

Palled, 13/183, stale, dead.

Panter, 200/667.

Pantere, 3/40;

pantrer, 190/405, 425;

originally the keeper and cutter-up of bread, see his duties, p. 4;

‘Panetier, a Pantler.’ Cot. His duties, to lay the bread, knives, &c., 200/667.

Panter and butler, p. 217, No. xii.

Pantry, 193/499.

Paraunce, heiers of, 193/497, heirs apparent.

Parelle, 23/343, ‘the thoþer parte’ in Sloane MS. 1315.

Parents, salute them, 226/71; 229/294;

wait on ‘em at table, 230/337. ’What man he is your father, you ought to make courtesye to hym all though you shulde mete hym twenty tymes a daye.’ Palsgrave, ed. 1852, p. 622, col. 1.

Paris, candles of, 205/836.

Parish priests, rank of, 71/1032.

Parker, 196/589; 197/599, park-keeper.

Parsley roots, 56/826.

Parsons, the duty of, 242/10;

rank of, 71/1031; 73/1069.

Partridge, 49/697; p. 103;

how to carve, 25/397; 26/417;

or wynge, p. 161.

Partridge, with mustard and sugar, 36/538.

Passage, 33/507, ? passage through the bowels, or passing out of the world.

Past, 203/773, pasty.

Pastey of venison, &c., 31/490.

Pasty, lamprey, 44/631; p. 100.

Patentis, 196/566, letters patent, grants, gifts by deed.

Paternoster, 181/145.

Patience, the fruits of, 237/821.

Pavilowne, 73/1079, pavilion, tent.

Payne puff, 32/497, a kind of pie, 49/699; 157/7; 163/32.

Peacock in hakille ryally, 49/695; p. 103.

Peacock, 28/433;

and tail, 157/5.

as to his voice, see Roberts’s Fables Inédits, T. Wright’s Piers Plowman, ii. 548. Definition added by editor

Pearl-muscle, the, p. 117.

Pearl-oyster, p. 120.

Pearls from your nose, do not drop, 18/283.

Pears, 52/757; 55/813; 57/826; 152/19.

‘Apres la poire, le vin ou le prestre. Prov. After a (cold) Peare, either drinke wine to concoct it, or send for the Priest to confesse you.’ Cot.

Peas and bacon, 25/392; 34/518.

Peautre, 153/28, pewter;

cp. Margaret Paston’s Letter, Dec., between 1461 and 1466, modernized ed. 1841, v. 1, p. 159.

‘Also, if ye be at home this Christmas, it were well done ye should do purvey a garnish or twain of pewter vessell, two basins and two ewers, and twelve candlesticks, for ye have too few of any of these to serve this place.’ Orig. ed. vol. iv. p. 107, Letter xxx.

Pece, 203/792, cup.

Peck of oats a day for a horse, 197/608.

Pecocke of the se, p. 120.

Pecten, a fish that winks, p. 120.

Peeres, 6/78, 80, pears.

Pegyll sauce, 165/4; p. 174.

A malard of the downghyll ys good y-nogh for me wythe plesaunt pykle, or yt ys elles poyson, perde. Piers of Fullham, l. 196-7. E. Pop. P. vol. 2, p. 9.

Pen, paper, and ink, to be taken to school, 227/116.

Pentecost to Midsummer, feasts from, 163/13.

Pepper, 58/843, eaten with beef and goose, 36/536.

Pepyns, 6/79; p. 85, pippins.

Fr. pepin-percé, (The name of) a certaine drie sweet apple. Cot.

Percely, 168/1, parsley.

Perceue, 62/917, look to, see.

Perch, 56/824; 58/850.

Perch (percus), p. 120.

Perch in jelly, 50/707; 52/746; 157/9; 166/16.

Perche, 10/128; 11/146, suspended frame or rod.

Perche, to hang cloths on, 152/14.

Perche for ypocras strainers, 153/26.

Percher, 66/968, a kind of candle.

Perchers, 192/467;

Perchoures, 169/32; 205/826, candles, lights.

Per-crucis, the, 181/152.

Peregalle, 70/1010, quite equal.

Pereles, 72/1231, peerless, without equal.

Pericles, the advice of, 238/891.

Peritory, 67/991.

Perueys, or perneys, 32/499; p. 96, a sweet pie.

Peson, 37/547.

Peson and porpoise, good potage, 50/720.

Pessene, 166/23, peason, pease-broth?

Pestelles, 164/11, 28, legs.

Pestle is a hock, Fr. Faucille (in a horse), the bought or pestle of the thigh. Cot.

Pestilence, silk and skins not to be worn during, p. 139.

Petipetes, or pety-pettys, p. 32, note ²; l. 499, note ³.

‘Petipetes, are Pies made of Carps and Eels first roasted, and then minced, and with Spices made up in Pies.’ R. Holme.

Petycote, 60/872; 61/891; 168/22, 30.

Randle Holme, Bk III., chap. ii. §xxvii., p. 19, col. 1, says, ‘He beareth Argent, a Semeare, Gules; Sleeves faced or turned up, Or Petty-Coat Azure; the skirt or bottom Laced, or Imbrauthered of the third. This is a kind of loose Garment without, and stiffe Bodies under them, & was a great fashion for Women about the year 1676. Some call them Mantua’s; they have very short Sleeves, nay, some of the Gallants of the times, have the Sleeves gathered up to the top of the Shoulders and there stayed, or fastned with a Button and Loope, or set with a rich Jewel.’ He gives a drawing of it two pages before.

Petycote of scarlet over the skirt, p. 131.

Pety peruaunt, 32/note ²; 96/xx.

Pety perueis, or perneis, 50/707; 52/748.

Petyperuys, 157/9.

Pewter basons, 153/28.

Pheasant, how to carve, 27/417;

to alaye or carve, p. 161.

Pheasant to be cooked dry, and eaten with ginger, 164/17;

with mustard and sugar, 36/538;

stewed, 48/688; p. 101.

Pick not your nose, teeth, or nails, 255/150; 18/283.

See Nose, &c.

Pick not your teeth with your knife, 277, 278/42.

Pick yourself, don’t, 276/14.

Pick your teeth with a knife, or fingers, don’t, 180/93.

Pie, how to carve a, 31/482.

Pie, 203/773.

Pig, how to carve, 28/446; 48/689;

roast, 54/801.

Pig and ginger sauce, 36/537.

Pig’s feet, 161/9.

Pigeon, 28/438;

baked, 29/491;

roast, 54/808.

Pight, 76/1134, placed.

Pigmies, p. 102, note.

Pike, 50/724; p. 119; 57/839;

how to carve, 39/562; p. 166, last line; colice of, 56/824.

Pike, names of a, p. 99.

Pike not your nose, 18/283.

Pilgrimages vowed, to be performed, 183/201.

Pillow, 53/925; 66/965.

Piment, 153/22, a sweet wine.

See Notes to Russell, p. 86-8.

Pincernarius, 190/422-3, butler.

Pinions indigestible, 24/363.

Pinna, a fish, p. 120.

Pippins, 50/713; 152/25.

Pistor, 198/622-3, the baker.

Plaice, p. 120;

how to carve, 40/570; 167/3.

Plaice with wine, 57/839.

Planer, 4/58, (ivory) smoother (for salt); 152/9.

Platere, 26/408;

plater, 44/633, platter.

Playes, 204/818, folds.

Pliȝt, 16/242, fold.

Plite, 28/434, manner.

Plommys, 6/77, plums.

Plover, 36/539; p. 97; 49/697; p. 158, last line; 165/1.

Sir Degrevant, 235, l. 1402.

Plover, how to carve, 27/417;

to mynce or carve, p. 163.

Plummets of lead, 131/4.

Plums, 46/668; 152/20.

Plyed, 200/690, folded.

Plyte, 155/31, plait.

Points, truss your masters, 62/898. To truss ... the points was to tie the laces which supported the hose or breeches. Nares.

Polippus, a fish, p. 117, p. 120.

Pommander, p. 141, a kind of perfume made up in a ball and worn about the person.

See recipes in Halliwell’s Gloss.

Poor, think of them first, 265/16.

Poor men, their duty, 242/17.

Pope has no peer, 70/1006; 72/1045;

his father or mother is not equal to him, 74/1097-1104.

Pork, 164/12, 28, 30, 32.

Porpoise, 41/582; 55/823; p. 97, note on l. 533.

Porpoise, fresh, 58/849;

salt, 38/548; 57/835; 166/25.

Portenaunce, 161/9, belongings, an animal’s intestines. Palsgrave (in Halliwell).

Porter at the gate, 177/6;

to have the longest wand, 187/355;

his duties and perquisites, p. 188.

Port-payne, 17/262; p. 93; a cloth for carrying bread. Cp. ‘þen brede he brynges, in towelle wrythyñ,’ 200/685;

cp. 203/784.

Possate, 8/94; p. 85;

posset, 152/33.

Post, don’t lean against it, 253/82; 275/9; 276/10; 186/325.

Potage, 34/516-17; p. 102; 49/693; 52/745; 56/829; 159/30; 164/10, 13.

Potage to be served after brawn, 48/687; p. 102;

‘physicions ben of opynyon that one ought to begyn the meate of vitayle (uiandes liquides) to thende that by that means to gyve direction to the remenant.’ 1532-3. Giles du Guez’s Introductorie, ed. 1852, p. 1071.

Potage, how assayed, 203/765;

how to be supped, 234/443-50;

to be supped quietly, 179/70;

eat it with a spoon, don’t sup it, 255/144.

Potelle, 11/148, a liquid measure.

Potestate, 62/915, man of power, noble.

Pouder, 167/16, ? ginger or pepper.

Poudre, 164/22, ? ginger, see l. 19.

Poudres, 163/17, spices?

Powche, 33/501, ? poached-egg, p. 96, 49/700.

Powder, 42/589, 597;

? salt & spice, 43/620.

The Forme of Cury mentions ‘powdour fort,’ ur douce,’ p. 12, p. 14, p. 25. Pegge, Pref. xxix., ‘I take powder-douce to be either powder of galyngal (for see Editor’s MS. II. 20, 24;) or a compound made of sundry aromatic spices ground or beaten small, and kept always ready at hand in some proper receptacle. It is otherwise termed good powders, 83. 130. and in Editor’s MS. 17. 37. 38 (but see the next article,) or powder simply No. 169. 170. (p. 76), and p. 103, No. xxxv.’

Powder, 40/573, ? not sprinkle verb, but brine or salt sb.

Powders for sauce, 26/412.

Powdred, 36/533; p. 97, salted.

Dutch besprenght vleesch, Powdered or Salted meate. Hexham. Cotgrave has ‘Piece de laboureur salé. A peece of powdered beefe. Salant ... salting; powdering or seasoning with salt. Charnier, a poudering tub. Saliere ... a salt-seller, also, a powdering house.’

‘Item that theire be no White Salt [see p. 30] occupied in my Lordis Hous withowt it be for the Pantre, or for castyng upon meit, or for seasonynge of meate.’ North. Hous. Book, p. 57. The other salt was the Bay-Saltt of p. 32. ‘Poudred Eales or Lamprons 1 mess. 12d.’ H. Ord. p. 175.

Powdur, 57/838; 58/847, ? blanche powder. Fr. ‘Pouldre blanche, A powder compounded of Ginger, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs; much in vse among Cookes.’ Cotgrave.

Powt not, 19/294.

Praised, when, rise up and return thanks, 253/104.

Praising (flattering), don’t be, p. 259, p. 261, line P.

Pray, pp. 137, 140.

Prayer, morning, 225;

evening, 240.

Prayer, the best, 254/117-19.

Prayers to be said, p. 135.

Precedence, the degrees of, p. 70-78; p. 110.

Prechoure of pardon; rank of one, 71/1028; 73/1069.

Precious stone, to be worn in a ring, p. 141.

Preket, 193/510, ? not a spike to stick a light on, but a kind of candle. See note ³ on 205/825. One of the said groomes of the privy chamber to carry to the chaundrie all the remaine of morters, torches, quarries, pricketts, wholly and intirely, withoute imbesseling or purloyning any parte thereof. H. Ord. p. 157.

Prelates, the duty of, 241/3.

Press up among the gentlefolk, don’t, 262/25.

Press not too high, 277, 278/25.

Prest, 28/434;

preste, 254/115; ready.

Prestly, 62/910, readily.

Pricks, Pref. p. ci.-ciii.; Sp. fiél, the pinne set at buts or pricks which archers measure to. Minsheu.

Priest, don’t blame him, 184/244.

Primate of England, 73/1082.

Prince, rank of a, 70/1009.

Princes & dukes, don’t be privy with them, p. 259, p. 261, line P.

Princes, the duty of, 241/1.

Prior of a Cathedral, 70/1015;

simple, l. 1016; 72/1059; the ranks of.

Priors of Canterbury & Dudley not to mess together, 77/1145-8.

Private dinners and suppers not to be allowed, p. 218, No. xvii.

Privehouse, 63/931, privy (to be kept clean).

Privy members not to be exposed, 20/305; 213/141;

or clawed, 19/286.

Privy seat, cover it with green cloth, 169/21.

Promises, keep your, 268/48.

Property, the difference it makes in the way men of the same rank are to be treated, p. 76-7.

Prothonat, p. 170;

prothonotary, 72/1063.

Prouande, 197/605;

provender, forage for horses, used in l. 608 for oats.

Provyncialle, 70/1021; 72/1062; ? governor of a province.

Prow, 271/86, advantage, duty, the correct thing to do.

Prowe, 16/236; advantage.

Prowl not for fleshmoths in your head, 18/280.

Puff not, 20/303.

Pullets, p. 164, last line.

Pulter, 196/581. Fr. Poullailler, a Poulter or keeper of pullaine. Cot.

Purpayne, 154/11.

See Port-payne.

Purpose, 50/720, porpoise; roasted on coals, 50/724.

Purveyde, 252/71, provided beforehand.

Pyment, 9/118; p. 87, No. 4; p. 86, a sweet wine.

Pyndynge, 33/507, tormenting, torturing, A.S. pinan.

Pyntill, a whelk’s, 44/625.

Return to Top

Quail, to wynge or carve, p. 162.

Quails, 28/437; 37/544; p. 98; 49/706.

Quarelose, p. 261, l. Q, querulous; Quarel, or querel, or playnt, Querela. Prompt.

Quarell (square) of a glasse wyndowe, p. 131, last line.

Queder, 201/715, whether of two; neuer þe queder, never mind which of the two?

Queeme, p. 261, l. Q; A.S. cweman, to please.

Quelmes, 201/703, covers.

Queneborow, the Mayor of, not to be put beside the Mayor of London, 76/1138.

Quere, 200/693, circle?

Questions, three, to ask your companions, 186/299.

Queynt, don’t be, p. 259, p. 261, l. 2.

Quick in serving, be, 279, 280/61.

Quinces, 56/826;

baked, 50/708;

in sirup, 168/1.

Quosshyns, 63/924, cushions.

Qweche, 186/301, who, what.

Qwyle, 190/431, while.

Qwysshenes, 192/456, cushions for a bed, ? pillows.

Qwyte, 201/701, white.

Return to Top

Rabettes sowkers, 29/457; p. 95; 49/697, sucking rabbits.

Rack for horses, 197/610.

Rage not too much, 259/17; p. 261, l. R.

Rage, p. 264, l. 76, break bounds, riot.

Rain, the peacock’s cry a token of, p. 103, note on Peacock.

Raisins, 5/74; 152/21.

Rakke, 9/115, rake, go, move, Sw. räcka, to stretch or reach to. Wedgwood, u. rake.

Rash and reckless, be not, 19/296.

Raspise, 9/118; p. 88;

raspys, 153/21, a sweet wine.

All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyce, the whiche is made of a berye.—A. Borde, Dyetary of Wynes, sign. F. i. Reference added by editor.

Raw fruits are bad, 8/97; 152/35.

Ready to serve, always be, 254/110, 115.

Raynes, towaile of, 14/213; p. 92. Rennes, in Brittany.

Metrical Visions, by George Cavendish, in his Life of Wolsey, ed. Singer, ii. 17.

In Sir Degrevant the cloths are ‘Towellys of Eylyssham, Whyȝth as the seeys fame,’ 225/1385.

Reason, be ruled by, 219/2; 234/627.

Rebels in court to be arrested, 189/382.

Reboyle, 8/110; 9/113; p. 86; 153/9, ferment and bubble out of a cask.

Reboyle, 8/115, fermentation.

Rechy, 23/359, ? causing belches.

Receiver of rents, forfeits, &c., the, 196/575, 587;

his duties, p. 197.

Receyte, 154/17, sediment, dregs.

Receytes, 33/508, takings-in, stuffing themselves with choice dishes.

Red landlord or landlady, don’t go to any, 186/307.

Red wyne, properties of, 10/140.

Refet, 167/8, fish entrails, roe, &c.

Refett, 40/576; p. 99; ? roe, 57/839; p. 108.

Regardes, 52/756, things to look at.

Rehete, 256/171; Fr. rehaiter, to reuiue, reioyce, cheere vp exceedingly; Cotgrave. ‘ranimer, réjouir, refaire.’ Burguy.

Rekles, richelees, 275, 276/6, careless.

Remelant, 178/52, remnant.

Removing from castle to castle, 188/373.

Remyssailes, 277/48, ? pieces put on; Fr. remettre, to commit or put vnto. Cot.

leavings. Definition added by editor

Renners, 10/127, strainers; 153/27; 154/15.

Renysshe wine, 153/20, Rhenish.

Sir Degrevant, Thornton Romances.

Repairs of castles, &c., the Receiver sees to, 197/601.

Repeat gossip and secrets, don’t, 264/78.

Replye, 199/661, fold back.

Reprove no man, 264/67.

Rere, p. 151, carve; 202/754, raise, lift up.

Rerynge, 26/399, cutting.

Resayue, 196/575, receive.

Resceu, 195/542, received.

Residencers, rank of, 73/1069.

Resty, 13/359, mouldy, as rusty bacon, wheat, &c., 158/6.

Retch not, 18/271.

Revelling, don’t be, 259/17; p. 261, l. R.

Revengeful, don’t be, 259/20; p. 261, l. V. Word does not occur in The ABC of Aristotle (p. 261).

Reverence thy fellows, 279, 280/67.

Rewarde, 190/421, 418, name of the second supply of bread at table.

Rewe, A.S. hreówan, to rue, repent; hreówian, to feel grieved, be sorry for.

Reynes, 155/14.

See Raynes.

Reynes, a kercher of, 169/28.

Reyse, p. 158, last line, cut off; 159/14.

‘how many bestis berith lether, and how many skyn? Alle that be ... arracies, that is to say, the skyn pullyd ovyr the hed, beryth skyn.’ Twety, in Rel. Ant., i. 152.

Reysons, 5/74, raisins; 152/21.

Rialte, 59/858, royalty, courtly customs?

Ribaldry, avoid, 264/76;

don’t talk, 277, 278/44.

Rice, standing and liquid, 56/827-8;

standing, 168/2.

Rich, their duty, 242/16.

Right hand, the carver’s, not to touch the food, 22/327.

Right shoulder after your better’s back, 264/85.

Right side, sleep on it first, p. 129.

Righteousness, the reward of, 182/181.

Riotous, don’t be, 259/17; p. 261, l. R.

Rise when your lord gives you his cup, 254/120.

Rise early, 266/11; 226/58.

Rising, what to do on, p. 130, 133.

River-birds, p. 165.

‘And all foules (uolatilles) and byrdes of water (riuiéres), as ben swannes, gese, malardes, teales, herons, bytters (butors), and all suche byrdes ben of nature melancolyke, lesse neverthelesse rosted then boyled.’ Du Guez, p. 1071.

River water in sauce, 36/540.

Roach, 40/574; p. 98; 58/841, 849.

Piers of Fullham, l. 17-20, E. Pop. P., v. 2, p. 3.

Roast apples and pears, 152/26.

Roast beef; garlic its sauce, 36/536.

Roast porpoise, 166/8.

Rob, 187/327, rub.

Robe, 62/908.

Robbe d’autruy ne fait honneur à nulluy: Prov. No apparell can truly grace him that owes [= owns] it not. Cotgrave, u. Autruy.

Robes; yeomen and servants to wear, p. 216, No. vii.

Roche alum, p. 134.

Rochet, 167/5; p. 174, roach. ‘Rutilus, the Roach or Rochet; a Fish.’ Phillips.

Rods, four officers to bear, 187/353.

Romney modoun, 8/96, 104; 9/116, 119; p. 86; p. 89, note 7 and 6; 152/34; 153/3, 21.

Roppes, 34/512, bowels.

Rose, coloured, 153/14, a wine?

‘Eau clairette. A water (made of Aquauite, Cinnamon, Sugar, and old red Rose water) excellent against all the diseases of the Matrix.’ Cot.

Rosewater, 135/2; p. 139;

after a bath, 67/985.

Roughe, 45/644, roe.

Rovnynge, 253/95, whispering.

Rounde, 269/54; Fr. suroreiller, to round, or whisper in the eare. Cot.

Rownyng, 184/250, whispering.

Rub yourself every day, p. 133; p. 138, 139, 142.

Rub yourself, don’t, 275/14.

Rub your teeth, p. 133.

Rubus, a fish, p. 121.

Ruffelynge, 16/250, ruffling.

Rumbus, a fish, p. 120.

Russell, John: his Boke of Nurture, p. 1-83;

describes his position and training, p. 79, 81, 82.

Rybbewort, 68/992.

Ryme, 193/507

? haste; A.S. hrým, hrúm is soot; rúm, room, space; ryman, to make room, give place, make way. Bosworth.

Ryoche, a fish, p. 121.

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Sad, 276/17, steady, fixed.

Saddles, old, for yeomen, 197/613.

Sadly, 43/621, quietly?

Sadnes, 21/308, sobriety.

Saffron, capons coloured with, 161/1.

Sage, fruture, 50/708.

Salads, 8/97;

green, are bad, 152/35. ‘He that wine drinkes not after a (cold) sallate, his health indangers (and does wrong to his pallate).’ Cot. See a recipe for Salat of 14 vegetables, &c., in The Forme of Cury, p. 41, No. 76.

Sale, 178/44, hall.

Salens, 166/8; p. 174, a fish.

Salere, 256/159;

saller, 200/670; Fr. saliere, a salt-cellar, a table or trencher salt. Cot.

Salmon, 41/583; 57/833; p. 121; 167/10.

Salmon bellows, 50/179;

salted, 38/555.

Salmon’s belly, 55/823.

Salpa, a fish, p. 121.

Salt to be white, 4/57;

put some on your trencher, 256/161;

take it with your knife, 279, 280/65; 232/440;

don’t dip meat into it, 267/29.

See Saltcellar.

Salt as sauce, p. 161-2.

Salt and wine, fresh-herring sauce, 45/645.

Salt fish and salmon, 166/30.

Salt-fish, how to serve up, p. 38-9.

Saltcellar, 14/199; 155/1, 3.

Saltcellar, dip no food into it, 256/159; 267/29; 181/129.

Salt-sellere, 4/60, salt-cellar.

Salute thy school-master and -fellows, 227/150-4.

Samoun bellows, 50/719.

Sanguineus or Spring, 51/729; p. 104; 53/769, 787.

Sans, 63/922, sense, smell.

Saphire, 141/7.

Sarcell (Fr. cercelle, (the water-fowle called) a Teale, Cot.), how to breke or carve, p. 163.

Sargeaunt of law, rank of, 71/1026; 73/1067.

Satchell for school-books, 226/110; 227/160.

Satin, a lord’s cloak of, 62/914.

Sauce, p. 151, carve.

Sauces for flesh, p. 35-7;

for fish, p. 56-9; 166/4;

for fowles, p. 159;

for the second course of a dinner, p. 163.

Sauerly, 26/415, as if he liked it.

Sawcere, 32/495.

Sawge, 33/501, ? sage.

Say, fruyter, 159/24; p. 173.

Sayed, 193/495, 498, tried, tasted against poison.

Sayes, 202/764, assays, tastes.

Sayntis, 183/201, saints’ shrines.

Scabiose, 69/994; p. 109.

Scandal, don’t talk, 272/99.

Scarlet, 62/914, scarlet stuff or cloth.

Schone, 196/590, shall.

Schyn, shall, 197/607.

School, boy going to, how to behave, 227;

what to learn at, p. 181, The Second Book.

School, go to, after dinner, 209/19.

Schrubbynge, 20/300, rub, scrub.

Schyuer, 200/692, slice; “schyvyr, fissula, abscindula.” Prompt.

Scilla, a sea-monster, p. 121.

Scissors for candle-snuff, 205/829.

Scorn no one, 253/100; 264/65.

Scorn not the poor, 268/57.

Scoring on a rod the messes for dinner, 190/407;

done to check the cook, 190/415.

Scorning to be avoided, 19/291.

Scorpion of the sea, p. 122.

Scratch yourself before your lord, don’t, 276/14.

Screen in hall, 178/28.

Screens against heat to be provided, 192/462.

Sea-bull (focas), p. 118.

Seager’s Schoole of Vertue, p. 221-43; Pref. to Russell, p. lxxviii.

Seal, 55/823; 166/13; 167/35.

Seal? (ȝele), 38/548; 39/583.

Sea-mouse, p. 119.

Sea-snails, p. 116.

Seaward, 45/642, just from the sea.

Seche, 21/315, carve certain birds?

Secrets, don’t tell ’em to a shrew, 184/245.

Seeke, 9/116, sick, (wine) out of condition.

Seew, 280/57, ? a stew; sew, cepulatum. Prompt.

See Sewes.

Sege, 65/954, evacuating oneself; p. 63, note ².

Seluage, 199/657, 661, edge of a table-cloth.

Semblaunt, 183/192, seeming, countenance.

Semble, 76/1140, putting together.

Semethe, 43/621, seems good to, it pleases.

Sen, 250/3, since.

Sendell, 62/914, a fine silk stuff; Fr. cendal. H. Coleridge.

Seneschallus, 194/520-1, the steward.

Sentory, 68/992, centaury.

Seneca’s advice, 238/887.

Sere, 256/164; 185/262, several, different.

Serjeant of arms, rank of, 71/1034.

Serra, a fish, p. 121.

Seruice, 278, 277/26, food served to a person, allowance.

Servants, duties of, p. 215; 241/7.

Servants to sit at meals together, not here 4 and there 3, p. 216, No. ix.

Server with the dishes, follows the steward, 194/532.

Service to be fairly to all, p. 217, No. xiii.

Serving at table, how to behave when, 229-31.

Servitors to carry dishes to the dinner-table, 49/682-3.

Set not an hawe, 8/99, value not a haw.

Sewe, p. 146; 164/31, ? stew.

Sewe, 55/819, course.

Sewere, 45/654, 657, the arranger of dishes on a table. Du. een opperste Tafel-dienaer, A Master-suer, or a Stuard that sets the courses or messes of meate on the table. Hexham.

Sewer, his duties, p. 46-7; p. 156-7.

Sewes (service, courses), on fish-dayes, p. 55.

Sewes, 154/17, stews or dishes of food?

Sewes, 33/509; 35/523, soups or stews.

Sewynge, borde or table of, 156/26, serving-up.

Sewynge of flesshe, p. 156.

Sewynge, in, 51/734, serving, course; ? not inseuynge, ensuing.

Shall, 169/14, for shake.

See Pref. p. lxxxix. l. 5.

Shame the reward of lying, 240/960.

Share with your fellows, 270/95; 277, 278/47.

Share fairly a joint gift, 183/197.

Sheets to be clean, 63/922;

to be sweet and clean, 169/14.

Shene, 198/622, fair, beautiful.

Shewethe, 45/657, arranges courses and dishes.

Shirt, a clean, 60/871; 168/22;

to be warmed, l. 25.

Shirt-collar, 226/85.

Shoes to be clean, 226/92;

servants not to wear old ones, p. 216, No. vii.

Shoeing horses, ½ a day for, 197/616.

Shoñ, shoes, 60/874; 65/961.

Shore, a-; Shaylyng with the knees togyther, and the fete a sonder, a eschais. Palsgrave, p. 841, Fauquet, A shaling wry-legd fellow. Cotgrave.

Short word, the first, is generally true, 183/211.

Shovelar, Shoveller, 28/433; 37/541; p. 98, 157/6, the bird.

Show out thy visage, 279, 280/75.

Shrimps, how to serve up, 45/646-9; 52/748; 56/824; 58/850; 167/32.

Shrukkynge, 19/287, shrugging. Schruggyn, frigulo. Prompt.

Shyn, shall, 191/435.

Sicurly, 73/1080, surely, certainly.

Side, 16/248, breadth.

Sigh not before your lord, 19/297.

Signet, 36/535, cygnet, swanling.

Skyft, 183/198. A.S. scyft, division; scyftan, to divide.

Skyfted of, 189/402, shifted off.

Silence fittest for a child at table, 232/489.

Silent, be, 209/8;

while your lord drinks, 253/92.

Silk to be worn in summer, p. 133.

Silk garments, p. 139.

Silver, the dishes of, 202/757.

Silver given away by the almoner as he rides, 202/743.

Sinews indigestible, 24/362.

Siren or Mermaid, ‘a dedely beste,’ p. 121-2.

Sirippe, 51/733, syrup.

Sireppis, 33/509; 35/524, syrops, t.i. stews or gravies.

Siruppe, 25/397; 26/400; sauce for partridges, &c.

Sit, don’t, till bidden, 265/14; 270/89;

sit properly, 214/149;

sit down when you’re told to, 253/97;

and where you’re told, 270/91; 187/345. Il se peut seoir sans contredit qui se met là ou son hoste luy dit: Prov. He needs not feare to be chidden that sits where he is bidden; (the like is) Il se peut bien seoir a table quand le maistre luy commande: Prov. Well may he sit him downe whom he that may sets downe.

Sixpence, the value of each mess at dinner, 190/413.

Sixpence the receiver’s fee, 197/598.

Skynnery, 64/946, skins, furs.

Skins, indigestible, 24/367;

of cloven-footed birds not wholesome, 165/28;

to be cut off boiled flesh, 165/7;

to be pared off salt fish, 38/553.

Skins the huntsman’s perquisite, 198/636.

Skirt of a man’s dress, 179/91.

Slake, appease; A.S. slacian, to slacken.

Slake, 31/483-4, cut.

Slander, don’t talk, 180/101.

Sleep at mid-day not wholesome, 65/952.

Sleep, how much to be taken, 130/5;

evils of too much, 226/54.

Slegh, 186/300, cunning, careful.

Sling, p. 19, note; blow your nose with and through your fingers. ‘Still in use in America.’ G. P. Marsh.

Slippers brown as the waterleech, 60/874; 67/987; 168/31.

Slutt, 42/590, awkward animal.

Smack your lips, don’t, 232/455.

Small pieces, eat, 267/37.

Smallache, 68/993.

Small birds, how to carve, 30/473.

Sneeze; turn your back to people when you sneeze, 211/61.

Smaragd (an emerald) good against falling-sickness, p. 141.

Snetyng, p. 262, l. 19, snotting, wiping your nose with your fingers. ‘Mouchement: u. A snyting, or wiping of the nose.’ Cot.

Sniff not too loud, 18/284.

Snite not (blow with your fingers) your nose too loud, 18/284. ‘Deux pour vn. The Snyte-knave; tearmed so, because two of them are worth but one good Snyte.’ Cotgrave. ‘To Snite. To wipe, or slap. Snite his snitch; wipe his nose, i.e. give him a good knock.’ 1796. Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue.

Snyte or snipe, how to carve, 27/421; p. 163; 37/544; 98/2; 49/706; p. 104; 165/3.

Snuff of candles taken away with scissors, 205/829.

Snuffers, 205/830.

Snuffle, don’t, 211/57.

Socks, 60/873; 61/894; 62/895; 65/961; 67/987; 130/12.

Socrates wiped his nose on his cap, a bad example, 210/45.

Soil the cloth, don’t, 255/147.

Solaris, a fish, p. 122.

Soles, 40/578; 50/724; p. 122; 58/841.

Soleyn, 50/709, solemn.

Solopendria, a fish, p. 122.

Somet, 194/540, summed.

Somon, 51/733, salmon.

Sops, 33/509.

Sore, 178/42, sorrow, pain.

Sorrel with goose, 164/2.

Sotelte, 202/758, dodge, way.

Sotelte, a device after each course of a dinner, 48/690; 49/702; 50/710; 52/726, 738; 52/750, 765; p. 53-54; 157/2.

Does Chaucer allude to these when speaking of the ‘excesse of divers metis and drinkis, and namely of suche maner of bake metis and dische metes brennyng of wilde fuyr, and peynted and castelid with papire, and semblable wast, so that is abusion for to thinke.’ Persones Tale, ed. Morris, iii. 299. ‘A soteltie with writing of balads’ came at the end of the first course of Hen. VII.’s marriage-feast in 1487. Italian Relation, p. 115. Rabett sowker, in 2nd course, ib.

Souls in purgatory, pray for, 268/30.

Sowkers, 29/457, suckling.

Sows fed with fish, p. 104, note on l. 737.

Sowse, 23/360, pickled.

Spain, tapetis or carpets of, 192/457.

Sparling, names of a, p. 99.

Sparlynge, 59/833, the fish sperling. Fr. esperlan, a smelt, Cot. Spurlin, a smelt, Fr. esperlan. Skinner, in Prompt.

Sparrows, 28/437; 37/543; 49/706; p. 104.

Speak well of all men, 272/100.

Speaker of the Parliament, rank of, 72/1052.

Speche, 205/845, book or division of a poem.

Speech mars or makes a man, 264/81-2.

Speke, 156/17, speak of.

Spermyse chese, p. 84-5, note to l. 74.

Spiced cakes, 55/816.

Spicery, 12/171, spices; p. 91.

Spicery and store; Clerk of the Kitchen keeps the, 195/559.

Spicery, the officer of the, 46/666.

Spices, 55/813.

Spill the gravy on your parents’ clothes, don’t, 230/342.

Spill your food, don’t, 269/59.

Spit not, 18/271;

modestly, 212/101;

not over much at meals, 232/498.

Spit on or over the table, don’t, 267/43; 179/85; 167/43.

Spit in the washing basin, don’t, 271/87;

or loosely about, 181/134.

Spit, when you do, cover your mouth with your hand, 272/117.

Spit and snite, don’t, 262/19;

when you do, tread it out, 212/107.

Splat, 40/576, split open.

Splatte, p. 151, carve.

Splaye, p. 151, carve.

Splayd, 13/186, set out; 63/928, displayed, decked.

Sponges for bathing, 66/978; 67/979-84.

Spony stele, 200/677, the spoon handle.

Spoon, don’t leave yours in the dish, 255/145.

Spoon, not to be filled full, 279, 280/59;

not to be put in the dish, 272/125;

not to stand in the dish, 179/71.

Spoon; wipe it clean, 277, 278/35;

take it out of the dish when you’ve finished, 267/42.

Spowt not with your mouth, 19/293.

Spoyle, p. 151, carve.

Spring, the device of, 53/771.

Sprottes, 167/33, sprats.

Spycery, 156/25.

Spyrre, p. 251, l. 37; A.S. spyrian, to track, seek, inquire, investigate, Sc. speir. O.N. spiria.

Spyrryng, p. 251, l. 39, seeking, inquiring.

Squatinus, a fish, p. 123.

Squire’s table, who may sit at, 66/1040; 171/3.

Squirt not with your mouth, 19/293.

Squyer, his wages paid by the treasurer, 196/586.

Stabulle, 182/169, support.

Stamell, 132/5, a kind of fine worsted. Halliwell; Fr. estamé, worsted. Cot.

Stammering is a foul crime, 236/708.

Stand, if you do, be ware of falling, 184/239.

Stand not still on stones, p. 132.

Stand upright, 276/16.

Stans Puer ad Mensam, two English texts, p. 275-82.

Standard, 49/694, ? the chief dish at a dinner, served standing, 157/3.

‘A large or standing dish,’ says Pegge, on Sir J. Nevile’s ’a Roe roasted for Forme of Cury, p. 173, ‘for a Standert, Cranes 2 of a dish,’ p. 174, l. 3.

Standarde, 166/12, ? chief dish of fish.

Stapulle, 72/1064, Calais.

Stare about, don’t, 252/68; 259/18; p. 261, l. S; 209/3.

State, 17/252, a grand curl-up or arrangement of a cloth or towel.

State, 17/253; p. 93, master of the house.

States, 55/821, nobles? ‘de twaelf Genooten ofte Staten van Vranckrijck, The twelve Peeres or States of the Kingdome of France.’ 1660. Hexham.

Staunche, 12/174; Fr. estancher, to stanch or stop the flow of liquid. Sp. estancar, to stop a leak; estanco, water-tight. A stanch vessel is one that will hold the water in or out, whence fig. stanch, firm, reliable. Wedgwood.

Staunche, 185/273, stop, stay.

Stealing dishes, to be watched against, 47/680.

Sted, 43/614, treated, served.

Steward, his duties, 194/521 (many are false, l. 522); he sits on the dais in hall, 177/20;

carries a staff, 187/354; 188/358;

is to keep good order in hall, p. 217, No. xiii.

Stewe or bath, p. 66.

Stewed beef or mutton, 54/798.

Stewed pheasant, 48/688.

Stinking breath not to be cast on your lord, 20/302.

Stirring, don’t be too, 259/18; p. 261, l. S.

Stockdove, 25/397.

Stockfish, 39/558; p. 98; 58/845; p. 121. ‘The Icelandic fare is not more inviting than the houses. Stockfish and butter eaten in alternate mouthfuls form the ordinary materials of a meal. The former, however, has to be pummelled on a stone anvil with a sledge hammer before even the natives can bite it; and, after it has undergone this preparation, seems, according to Mr Shepherd, to require teeth to the manner born. The latter is made from sheep’s milk, and as it is kept through the winter in skins, becomes “rancid beyond conception in the early spring.”’—Chronicle, Aug. 10, 1867, on Shepherd’s North-West Peninsula of Iceland.

Stocks, the porter keeps the, 188/362.

Stomach the body’s kitchen, 136/14-15.

Stomacher, 61/893; 168/30.

Stop strife between brothers, 185/271.

Stork; it snuffles, don’t you, 211/59.

Stork, 28/433; 49/695; 157/4.

See Pigmies.

Storuyn, 203/766, spoilt by cold.

Stounde, 66/965, moment.

Straddle, don’t, 214/151.

Strangers, honour them, 171/28;

always admit, p. 217, No. xv.; share good food with them, 256/169;

the porter warns them, 188/368.

Strangers, visitors and residents, 75/1109-10.

Strawberies, 6/78; 7/82; p. 85, note to l. 81; 152/24.

Straynoure, p. 146/14, strainer.

Streets, how boys are to walk in, 227/134.

Stretch your limbs, pp. 130, 133, 138.

Strife not to be allowed in a household, p. 216, No. v.

Strive not with your lord, 183/226.

See Master.

Strongere, 204/801, stranger, guest.

Strye, 183/223, destroy.

Stryke, 18/280, stroke. ‘I stryke ones heed, as we do a chyldes whan he dothe well. Je applanie ... My father sayeth I am a good sonne, he dyd stryke my heed by cause I had conned my lesson without the booke.’ Palsgrave. See also ‘I stryke softely’ and ‘I stroke ones heed,’ p. 741, ed. 1852.

Strynge, p. 151, carve.

Stuff, 42/592, 594, crab’s flesh; 167/16, a crab’s inside.

Stuff, 31/485, gravy?

Stuff your jaws, don’t, 277, 278/31.

Sturgeon, 41/583; 52/746; 58/850; p. 122; 166/16;

salt, 57/836.

Stut, 236/706, to stutter, is a foul crime.

Subjects, their duty, 242/15.

Suffrigan, 70/1013; Fr. suffragant, A Suffragan, a Bishops deputie. Cot.

Sugar and mustard, the sauce for partridges, &c., 36/538.

Sugar and salt as a sauce, with Curlews, &c., 36/540.

Sugar, strewed on baked herrings, 50/722; 38/550.

Sugar candy (sugre candy, 10/139); 52/757; 135/11; p. 141; 166/18.

Summedelasse, 204/808, some deal less.

Summer, the device of, 51/739-43.

Sun, face and neck to be kept from, 132/8.

Sup not your food up lowdly, 272/127; 277/40; 278/37; 179/69.

Supervisor, 195/544-5, surveyor.

Suppers to be light, p. 131;

to be larger than dinners, p. 142. See the one in Sir Isumbras, Thornton Romances, 235, &c.

Surnape, how to lay, p. 16-17; p. 92-3; 155/26;

it was the upper towel or cloth for the master of the house to wipe his hands on after washing them when dinner was done. The sewer to bring it after dinner, 204/809-20.

Surueynge borde, 47/675, table or dresser on which the cook is to put the dishes for dinner.

Surveyor of the dishes for dinner, 46/672; 47/674, 676.

Surveyor, his duties, 195/545.

Suwe, 264/83; O.Fr. seure, sevre, Fr. suivre, L. sequor, follow.

Swallow, 28/438 (the bird).

Swan, 48/688; p. 97;

how to carve, 26/402;

to lyfte or carve, p. 161.

Swan; its sauce is chaudon, 56/535; p. 97;

its skin is to be cut off, 165/15.

Swashbucklers, hanging good for, p. 125.

Swear not, 270/75.

Swear no oaths, 277, 278/44.

Swearing, against, 236, cap. xi.

See Ascham’s account and condemnation of it in 1545, Toxophilus, p. 45, ed. Giles, and in his Schoolmaster, p. 131, of the little child of four roundly rapping out his ugly oaths.

Sweet words, ware; the serpent was in ’em, 183/207.

Swenge, 96/1, beat up.

Swordfish, 41/582; p. 118;

salt, 57/836.

Swyng, p. 145, beat, whip, mix.

Syce, 192/469, candle-stick or holder;

but ‘Syse, waxe candell, bougee.’ Palsgrave in Halliwell.

Syde, p. 151, carve.

Syles, 200/695, strains.

Syles is strains. Sile, v., to strain, to purify milk through a straining dish; Su.-Got. sila, colare.—Sile, s., a fine sieve or milk strainer; Su.-Got. sil, colum. Brockett. See quotations in Halliwell’s Gloss., and Stratmann, who gives Swed. sîla, colare. Corrigenda.

Sylour, 191/445, tester and valances of a bed.

Sir Degrevant, l. 1473-6; 238.

A tester ouer the beadde, canopus. Withals.

Symple condicions (how to behave when serving at table, &c.), p. 18; p. 93.

Synamome, 10/131, 136.

Syngeler, 79/1184, single.

Syngulerly, 73/1074, 1079, by itself.

Return to Top

Table for dinner, how the ewer and panter are to lay it, p. 199-201.

Table, how to lay and serve the, pp. 13-18;

how to wait at, 229, cap. iii.

Table, how to behave when sitting at, 231/423; 255/136; 263/39; 265/15; 270/94.

Table-cloth, don’t dirty it with your knife, 180/110; 272/119; 277/39; 278/40;

or wipe your teeth on it, 180/115.

Table-knife, 22/334, ? a broad light knife for lifting bread-trenchers on to the table.

Table-knives, 152/13.

Tacches, 20/306, faults, ill manners.

Tacchis, p. 261, l. K; 258/10; tricks, ways;

tetch’e, or maner of condycyone, mos, condicio. Prompt.

He that gentyl is, wylle drawe hym vnto gentil tatches, and to folowe the custommes of noble gentylmen. Caxton’s Maleore, v. i. p. 250, ed. 1817.

Take leave of all the company after dinner, 271/91-3.

Take the best bit, don’t, 277, 278/45.

Talwijs, p. 261, l. T; 259/19;

full of slander;

A.S tál, reproach, blame, slander, accusation, false witness, a fable, tale, story. Bosworth (from whom all the A.S. words are quoted).

Du. taalvitter, a censorious critick. Sewel.

‘Talu has for its first signification censure; and “wise at censure,” censorious, is an ancient Momus.’ Cockayne.

Talk at meals, don’t, 267/51; 272/101.

Talk loud, don’t, 277, 278/30.

Talk too much, don’t, 269/58; 219/6; 279, 280/74.

Talking to any man, how to behave when, 235, cap. vii.; 252/64; 270/65; 275, 276/16.

Tamed, 23/345, trimmed, or ? cut down.

Tampyne, 5/68, a stopper.

Tansey, 159/26;

is good hot, 33/503.

Tansy cake, p. 96.

Tansye fryed, 161/10.

Tansey gyse, a, 52/749, a dish of tansey of some kind.

Tantablin, 96/14, a kind of tart.

Tapet, 193/484, cloth.

Tapetis, 192/457, 460, cloths, carpets, or hangings.

Tarrer, p. 5, l. 65, l. 71, an auger.

Tarere por percier. De L’Oustillement au Villain. ed. 1833, p. 10.

Tarré ... Hauing an ouerture or hole.

Taré, worme-eaten, or full of holes. Cot.

Tarryours, 152/14, augers.

Tartlett, 35/521.

Tarts, 161/4; 164/29.

Tast, 63/922, test, try.

Taste every dish, 256/165.

Tastynge, 80/1195-9 (tasting or testing food, to see that there’s no poison in it), is only done for a king, &c., down to an earl, 193/495-6.

See Credence.

Tattle, don’t, 264/78.

Tayme, p. 151, cut up.

Teal, p. 164, last line;

how to carve, 26/401; p. 95; p. 163.

Teal pie, 31/481.

Teeth, to be washed, 226/100;

to be kept white, 213/121;

how to keep clean, p. 134.

Teeth not to be picked at meals, 255/150; 263/54; 20/301; 232/495;

not to be picked with a knife, 277, 278/42;

or a stick at meals, 180/93.

Temper, 42/595, season, sauce;

44/636, mix.

Temper thy tongue and belly, 232/476.

Temperance is best, p. 261, l. T; 259/19.

Temporaunce, 130/4, moderate temperature.

Tenants, to be asked after, p. 218, No. xvi.

Tench, how to carve, 41/586; p. 122.

Tenche in gelly, 166/14.

Tene, 21/319, trouble.

Tene, 64/934, vex, trouble.

Tent, heed, attention.

Tent, 190/430, attend to, take charge of.

Tepet, 179/92, a man’s tippet.

Testudo, p. 123, the tortoise or turtle.

Þan, 53/785, that, which.

Thank him who gives you food, 271/92.

Þaughe, 52/761, though.

The, 263/32, thrive.

Þegre, 264/66, degree, state.

Theologicum, 87/7, the monks wine.

Think before you speak, 252/71.

Third man, never be, 185/287.

Þo, 262/5, do, put.

Thornback, 41/584; p. 99, two notes; 58/844; 167/10; 168/11.

Thorpole, 167/10.

See Thurle-polle.

Three or four at a mess, 171/13; 72/1057.

Threpole, 168/8; ? thurlepolle.

Throat, don’t get food into your wrong one, or it will do for you, 180/99.

Thrushes, 28/438; 37/543; 165/3.

Thumb, don’t dip yours into your drink, 181/127.

Thurle-polle, 41/584; p. 99;

salt, 57/837.

Thye, p. 151, carve.

Tiȝt, 74/1095, draws, grows, from A.S. teon.

Time (a) for all things, 234/587.

Tintern, the abbot of, the poorest of all abbots, 76/1142.

Tintinalus, a fish, p. 122.

Toes, keep ’em still, 186/320.

Tome, 177/10, opportunity.

Tongue; don’t let yours walk, 232/472;

don’t poke it out and in, 212/97;

charm it, 229/284.

Tooth-picker (A.D. 1602), p. 136, p. 142;

Sp. escarvadientes, a tooth-picker, a tooth-scraper. 1591, Percivale, by Minsheu, 1623.

Top crust for the lord, 23/342; p. 271.

Torches, 193/508; 205/825.

Torn clothes to be mended, 226/102.

Tornsole, 153/25; 154/1;

Pegge says ‘Not the flower Heliotrope, but a drug. Northumb. Book, p. 3, 19. I suppose it to be Turmeric. V. Brooke’s Nat. Hist. of Vegetables, p. 9, where it is used both in victuals and for dying.’ Forme of Cury, p. 38.

See Turnsole.

Torrentyne of Ebrew, 9/119;

p. 90, No. 11; a sweet wine.

Torrentyne, 57/835; p. 107; the trout.

Fr. torrentin is ‘Belonging to, or abiding in, torrents, or swift and violent streames.’ Cot.

See Turrentyne.

Torrentille, 38/548; p. 98, a fish. ? what.

Tortes, 193/492; p. 192, note ², a kind of light; 193/510; 205/825; 204/note ¹.

Totter, don’t, 214/151.

Towel, don’t dirty it at dinner, 263/52.

Towel, a narrow and a broad, to wash with after dinner, 204/811.

Towel, 2 knights to hold before the lord’s sleeves, 201/713.

Towse, 53/781, ? oakum.

Trace, 46/664, way;

234/630, track, path.

Trample not with your feet, 20/299.

Transsene, p. 151, cut up.

Traunche, p. 151, cut up.

Tre, 201/701, wood.

Treasurer, his duties, 196/573-94;

he sits on the dais in hall, 177/20.

Treatablie, 230/323, distinctly.

Trencher bread, 4/56; p. 84;

to be 4 days old, 152/7.

‘Item that the Trenchor Brede be maid of the Meale as it cummyth frome the Milne.’ Northumberland H. Book, p. 58.

Trenchere lovis, 14/197; p. 84; 154/35; p. 157; loaves of coarse unsifted meal;

the panter to bring in three, 200/667.

Trencher-knife, p. 22, note ²; 152/3.

Trencher, no filth to be on, 269/73;

not to be loaded with scraps, 277/48; 278/48.

Trenchers, how to be laid on table, p. 22;

four to the lord, and one a-top, 201/723;

p. 160, and the collations of the first edition.

Trestis, 204/822, trestles.

Trestuls, 189/389;

trestles, 192/464.

Tretably, 235/673, ? Fr. traictable, courteous, gracious, tractable, pliant, facile, intreatable. Cotgrave.

Trete, 43/612, trouble?

Treteable, 279, 280/78;

Fr. traictable.

Trifelynge, 19/287, ? rocking, swaying about.

Trinity, bless oneself with, 181/149.

Trompe, the crane’s, 28/431-2; 159/5.

Trout, 40/578; 51/735; p. 123; 167/9.

True, be, in word and deed, 268/41.

Trusse, 62/898, pull.

Tunny, p. 97, note on l. 533.

Turbot, 41/583; 51/735; 167/10;

fresh, 59/852.

Turnsole, 9/123; 11/143; p. 91;

turnesole is used to make pownas colour (? pownas, puce) in Forme of Cury, recipe 68, p. 38.

See Tornsole.

Turrentyne salt, 168/7.

Turrentyne, sele, 166/25; p. 174.

Tursons, p. 50, note ⁶.

Tuske, p. 151, carve.

Tutia, 135/10, for Tutia;

Fr. Tuthie: f. Tutie; a medicinable stone or dust, said to be the heauier foyle of Brasse, cleauing to the vpper sides and tops of Brasse-melting houses: and such doe ordinary Apothecaries passe away for Tutie; although the true Tutie be not heauie, but light and white like flocks of wooll, falling into dust as soon as it is touched; this is bred of the sparkles of brasen furnaces, whereinto store of the minerall Calamine, beaten to dust, hath been cast. Cotgrave.

Two at a mess, who may sit, 72/1049; 171/7;

who, two or three, 72/1051-5;

carver is to put on, 179/9.

Two fingers and thumb, carver is to put, on a knife, 21/320; p. 157.

Two fingers, a lord to eat with, 30/467.

Twopence or threepence a day, the wages of a groom or page, 198/619-20.

Twynkelynge, 18/281, blinking.

Twyte, 256/179, hack;

‘telwyn, or thwytyn (twhytyn, twytyn). Abseco, reseco.’ P. Parv.

Tyer, 153/21, Tyrian wine.

Tyere, p. 151, cut up.

Tymbre that fyre, p. 151, put wood on it.

Tyre, 9/119; p. 90, No. 9, a sweet wine.

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Unbrace, p. 151, carve.

Unbrushen, 64/944.

Uncleanness to be abhorred, p. 140.

Uncountabulle, 195/544, not accountable to any other officer of the household?

Uncover thy head when talking to any man, 236/722.

Undefied, 23/359, ? unqualified, unguarded against, uncooked.

Undercrust of a loaf to be cut in three, 178/39.

Undertraunche, p. 151, cut up.

Undress by the fire, p. 136;

in winter, p. 142.

Undressing described, p. 169;

and going to bed, 193/487, &c., 194/516.

Unfed, better than untaught, 236/725.

Unjoint, p. 151, carve.

Unlace, 21/315, 322; p. 151, carve (a cony); 26/410 (a capon).

Unsunken, 191/441.

Untache, p. 151, carve.

Upbrayde, 25/395, reproach.

Upper-crust of a loaf for the lord, 23/342; p. 157 at foot;

to be cut in four, 178/37.

Upright, sit, 270/93.

Upright, p. 129, with the face upwards.

“I throwe a man on his backe or upright, so that his face is upwarde. Je renuerse.” Palsgrave.

Urinal, 169/34.

See Vrnelle.

Urine, retain it not, 214/145.

Usher, the duties of one, p. 69-78; p. 170-2.

Usher of the Chamber, 190/432;

his duties, 192/473 to 194/520;

he carries the smallest wand, 187/354.

Usher and marshal; all other household officers obey him, 79/1180.

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Valadyne gynger, 10/132.

Valance, 191/447, hangings of a bed.

Vampeys, 61/894.

Vantage, 198/635, gain, perquisites.

Vaunte, fryter, 157/2, ? meat.

Veal, 54/807.

Veal, verjuice its sauce, 36/534.

Veele, 31/486, veal.

Velany, 178/56, abusing.

Velvet, 62/914.

Venator, 198/628-9, the huntsman.

Venemous, don’t be, p. 261, l. V.

Venesoun, how to carve, 25/383-91;

Andrew Borde’s opinion of, p. 94-95.

Veniable, p. 261, l. V, revengeful.

Venison, 37/542;

how to carve, 158/13.

Venison baked, 48/689; p. 101;

roast, 28/444; 49/694; 165/2.

Venison pastey, 31/489.

Venprides, 55/820. ?

Ventes, 159/13, anus; p. 162, l. 3 from foot.

Venure, 31/489, beast that is hunted.

Vewter, 198/631, fewterer;

‘in hunting or coursing, the man who held the dogs in slips or couples, and loosed them; a dog-keeper.’ Halliwell. Vaultre, a mongrel between a hound and a maistiffe; fit for the chase of wild bears and boars. Cot. ‘The Gaulish hounds of which Martial and Ovid speak, termed vertagi, or veltres, appear to have been greyhounds, and hence the appellations veltro, Ital., viautre, vaultre, Fr., Welter, Germ. The Promptorium gives veltres,” p. 209.

Various details regarding the duties of the “foutreres,” and their fee, or share of the produce of the chace, will be found in the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xii, fol. 99, 104, b.’ Way in Promptorium, p. 291.

Verjuice, 58/841, 843.

Verjuice, p. 159, 168/9, at foot.

Verjuice, the sauce for boiled capon, &c., 36/534;

for crab, 42/596;

with goose, 164/3.

Vernage, 9/118; p. 87, No. 1; 153/22.

Sir Degrevant, 235, l. 1408, l. 1703.

Vernagelle, 9/118; p. 87, No. 2.

Viant, 33/501, ? meat.

Viaunt, fruture, 48/689, meat fritters?

Vicars, rank of, 71/1031.

Vice, avoid, 234/610.

Vilony, 265/8; 266/10, discourtesy, rudeness; p. 261, l. V.

Vinegar, 57/835; 58/847.

Vinegar as a sauce, 36/536.

Vinegar for crayfish, 43/611.

Vines, tender, with goose, 164/2.

Virtue, the first of, 232/493.

Viscount, rank of, 70/1013; 72/1049.

Vngryȝt, 202/751, undished?, not uncooked.

Vnhynde, 179/80, ungentle, uncourteous.

Vnkende, 204/816, ? unsuitably;

A.S. uncynd, unnatural, unsuitable.

Vnkunnynge, 252/54, want of knowledge.

Vnskilfully, without reason;

O.N. skil, reason.

Voider, put your scraps into it, 272/131;

one to be on the table, 230/376, 358; 231/382.

‘A Voider to take vp the fragmentes, vasculum fragmentarium, analactarium, vel aristophorum.’ Withals.

Fr. Portoire, Any thing that helpes to carry another thing; as a Voyder, Skep, Scuttle, Wheelebarrow, &c. Cotgrave.

Vomit away from company, 213/117.

Voyd, 50/716, clear.

Voydance, 262/20.

The side-note is doubtless wrong; the getting it out of the way applies to the snetyng of the line above. But see 214/145-7.

Voyder, 272/131, vessel to empty bones and leavings into.

Vrbanitatis, p. 262-4.

Vre, 78/1173; 236/716, custom, practice.

Vrinal, 137/15, a glass vessel in which urine could be looked at and through.

Vrnelle, 63/926; 66/971;

Fr. Vrinal, an Vrinall; also, a Jordan, or Chamberpot. Cot.

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Wade not too deep, 259/21; p. 261, l. W.

Wadrop, 190/429, wardrobe.

Wafers to eat, 50/715; 52/759; 55/816; 157/11; 166/19.

Wager, don’t lay with your lord, 184/227.

Wages of grooms and yeomen kept account of by the Clerk of the Kitchen, 195/556;

of grooms and pages, 197/617-20;

paid by the Treasurer, 196/585.

Walk gently in the morning, p. 140.

Walk decently, 214/157.

Wall, don’t make it your mirror, 275, 276/11.

Walle-wort, 68/992.

Waloande, 179/63, guggling, speaking with the mouth full.

Wand, teeth not to be picked with, 180/94.

Wanhope, 3/30, despair.

Wanton laughing is wrong, 276/20.

Wantons, young, want hanging, p. 125.

Warden of a craft, 78/1160.

Wardrobe, 64/940;

is in the Usher’s charge, 193/479.

Wardrop, 196/565.

Wardropere, 193/481, keeper of the wardrobe.

Warm water to wash hands in, 62/902.

Warm your clothes in winter, p. 143.

Warming-pan, p. 136, last line.

Wash (vasshe) before going to bed, a lord does, 194/513.

Wash in summer, not winter, p. 138.

Wash on rising, your hands, 226/74;

before eating, 187/343; 265/9;

and face, 266/13;

before leaving the table, 271/84;

after meals, 257/193; p. 142.

Washing after dinner, how done, 201/713-21; 231/403-416; 257/200.

Washing directed, p. 130; p. 139.

Wastable, 13/179.

Waste not, 259/20; p. 261, l. W; 269/56.

Wate, 201/739, know.

Water, how to assay, 202/702.

Water, Ewerer to give, to all, 200/643.

Water for the teeth, W. Vaughan’s, p. 134.

Water-leech, slippers to be brown like one, 60/874.

Watery, 18/282.

Wax, all candles & morters of, 204/827-33.

Wayte, 17/265, watch; 28/436, take care.

Wayue, 186/322, glance, move, let wander.

Wearisome, 52/751.

Weldsomly, 2/17, at will.

Welke, marceo, to welke, sicut flores. marcidus, welked. emerceo, to wax drie and welkynge. Gloss. Reliq. Ant. v. 1, p. 6.

Wesselle clothes, 188/367, ? cloths, for vessells.

Weste, Richard, his Schoole of Vertve, referred to, p. 207;

his acrostic, p. 208.

Westminster, the Abbot of, 76/1141.

Wether or ram, p. 105, note on l. 799.

Whale, likes harmony, p. 116. Fr. Tinet: m. The Whall tearmed a Horlepoole, or Whirlepoole. Cot.

Whale, roast, how to carve, 41/581;

salt, 57/837; 168/8.

Whelk, how to carve a, 44/624.

Whelks, 52/747; 166/17. Fr. Turbin. The shell-fish called a Welke or Winkle. Cot.

Whene, 195/548, ? same as cweme, agreeable.

Whileere, 24/377, a time ago, before.

Whils, 254/133, until.

Whisper, don’t, 253/95; 269/54.

Whispering, avoid it, 184/250.

White bread, 7/92; 200/686.

White herrings, 45/642.

White payne or bread, 14/204.

Whiting, 40/575; 58/845;

how to carve, 167/6.

Whole-footed fowls, skin of, is wholesome, 165/19.

Whot, 52/757, ? white, not “hot,” as in side note: cf. blaundrelle, 50/714.

Widgeon, 165/1.

Wife, is to honour her husband, 185/267;

takes her husband’s rank, 74/1092.

On the first of June, 1582, John Wolfe paid the Stationers’ Company 8d. for a licence “to imprinte two ballades,” of which the latter was “a settinge forth of the variety of mens mindes, esteaminge rather welth with a wanton wife, then vertue in a modeste mayde.” Collier’s Extracts, ii. 165. For variety in this entry, Mr Collier proposes to read vanity. See also the ballad,

in Collier’s Extracts, i. 162-3.

Wight, quick, nimble. Swed. vig.

Wild, don’t be, 182/156.

Wild boar, 48/686.

Sir Degrevant, 235, l. 1397-9.

Wind, let it out with secresy, 214/145.

Windows of a bedroom to be shut at night, p. 129.

Wine, livery or allowance of, 205/843.

Wines, 8/109;

sweet, p. 9; p. 86-7;

the names of, p. 153.

Wing, cut under, not over, in whole-footed birds, 164/5.

Wings of smaller birds, the best bits, 27/418; 30/473.

Winter, the Device of, 52/766.

Wipe your mouth before drinking, 272/105.

Wipe your nose, don’t, 274/141.

Wise men eat the fish, 219/12.

Wisps of straw for bed-making, 191/439.

Wite, wot, know, A.S. witan.

Withy leaves in a bath, 69/995.

Wives, the duty of, 242/9.

Wolfskin garments for winter, p. 139.

Woman (?) not to sit at a Bishop’s table, p. 216, No. x.

Woman-kind, speak never uncourteously of, 184/259.

Woman’s milk, 135/13.

Wombelonge, 29/451, belly-wise, on its belly.

Won, 197/605, supply.

Wont, 182/190, wants, fails.

Woodcock, 37/542; p. 98; 49/697; 165/1;

how to carve, 27/421; p. 163.

Woollen cloth to be brushed every week, 64/943.

Work after meals to be avoided, p. 131.

Worship God, 182/157.

Worshipfulle, sb., 45/655, worshipful person.

Worth, 272/114, estimation.

Worthier men, let them be helped first, 263/45.

Wortus, 34/517; A.S. wyrt, wurt, 1. wort, a herb, plant, a general name for all sorts of herbs, scented flowers, and spices; 2. a root. (Bosworth.)

Wralling, 211/60, wawling, caterwauling, ‘quarrelling or contending with a loud voice.’ Halliwell.

Wrap bread stately, how to, 14/209; 155/10.

Wrappe, sb., 14/212, cover.

Wrappe, 14/212, wrap, cover.

Wrapper, 15/224; 155/13.

Wrast, 178/26, wresting, twist.

Wrawd, 42/590, froward.

Wrinkled, don’t let your countenance be, 210/41.

Wry not your neck askew, 19/285.

Wyn, 191/447; A.S. wyn, joy, pleasure.

Wyneberries, 6/78; p. 85.

Wynge, p. 151, carve.

Wynkyn de Worde’s Boke of Keruynge, p. 147-74.

Wynkynge, 18/282.

Wynne, 270/79; A.S. win, labour (not wyn, win, pleasure).

Wyt, 268/41, will.

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Ȝane, 19/294, yawn; A.S. ganian.

Yardehok, 67/991.

Yawn not, 19/294;

when you do, hide behind a napkin, 211/82.

Y-chaffed, 61/893, warmed; Fr. chauffé.

Ycoruyn, 203/765, carved, cut.

Yeoman of the Crown, 71/1033.

Yeoman-usher is under the marshal, 189/383.

Yeomen in hall, 178/27.

Yerbis, 48/687, herbs.

Ȝett, 22/339, formerly ?, see l. 204.

Yȝes, 35/527, eyes.

Ygraithed, 15/225, prepared.

Ynons, 40/569; p. 98, onions.

Yn-same, 271/93, in the same way. Cut out the hyphen.

Ȝomon of chambur, 193/507.

Ȝomon-ussher, sleeps all night on the floor at his lord’s door, 194/519.

York, Archbp. of, 73/1078;

Bps. of, l. 1081.

Youth, if lawless, old age despised, 219/14.

Ypocras, how to make it, p. 9-12; p. 153.

Ypocras, 52/759; 166/19.

Ypocras to drynk, 50/715.

Yoxinge, 19/298, note ⁴.

I yeske, I gyue a noyse out of my stomacke. Je engloute. When he yesketh next, tell hym some straunge newes, and he shall leave it. Palsg.

Ypullished, 4/63, polished.

Yse, 81/1222, look at.

Ywys, 250/12; A.S. gewis, certainly.

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Zole, 51/737, sole ?

ADDITIONS TO INDEX.

Brawn of boar: this was the first dish at dinner in Harrison’s time, 1577-87;

see his Description of Britain, bk. iii, ch. 1 (N. Sh. Soc.).

Dischmetes, 34/514.

Galingale: Sp. Júncia avellanda, Júnca odoróso, galingale.—Minsheu.

Girls: home-education, xxv, xv, &c.

Leche fryture: see Leschefrites, leschefrayes, in the index to the Ménagier de Paris.

Musclade is Span. mezclada, mixture. Ital. mescolanza is used, in Genoa at least, for a fry of small fish.—H. H. Gibbs. Minsheu has mézela, méscla or mezcladura, a medlie, mingling.

Peacock: as to his voice, see Roberts’s Fables Inédits, T. Wright’s Piers Plowman, ii. 548.

Raspise: All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyce, the whiche is made of a berye.—A. Borde, Dyetary of Wynes, sign. F. i.

Remyssailes: leavings.

[From the Rev. Walter Sneyd’s copy of Mr Davenport Bromley’s MS.]

Mr Sneyd has just told me that Mr Arthur Davenport’s MS. How to serve a Lord, referred to in my Preface to Russell, p. lxxii., is in fact the one from Mr Sneyd’s copy of which his sister quoted in her edition of the ‘Italian Relation of England’ mentioned on pp. xiv. xv. of my Forewords. Mr Sneyd says: ‘I made my copy nearly forty years ago, during the lifetime of the late Mr A. Davenport’s grandfather, who was my uncle by marriage. I recollect that the MS. contains a miscellaneous collection of old writings on various subjects, old recipes, local and family memoranda, &c., all of the 15th century, and, bound up with them in the old vellum wrapper, is an imperfect copy of the first edition of the Book of St Alban’s. On Mr Arthur Davenport’s death, last September, the MS. (with the estates) came into the possession of Mr Davenport Bromley, M.P., but a long time must elapse before it can be brought to light, as the house you mention is still unfinished, and the boxes of books stowed away in confusion.’ On my asking Mr Sneyd for a sight of his copy, he at once sent it to me, and it proved so interesting—especially the Feast for a Bride, at the end—that I copied it out directly, put a few notes to it, and here it is.1 For more notes and explanations the reader must look the words he wants them for, out in the Index at the end of Part II. The date of the Treatise seems to me quite the end of the 15th century, if not the beginning of the 16th. The introduction of the Chamber, p. 356, the confusion of the terms of a Carver, ‘unlose or tire or display,’ p. 357—enough to make a well-bred Carver faint: even Wynkyn de Worde in 1508 and 1513 doesn’t think of such a thing—the cheese shred with sugar and sage-leaves, tree or brede,’ l. 16, below, &c., as well as the language, all point to a late date. The treatise is one for a less grand household than Russell, de Worde, and the author of the Boke of Curtastye prescribed rules for. But it yields to none of the books in interest: so in the words of its pretty ‘scriptur’ let it welcome all its readers:

[I. Of laying the Cloth and setting out the Table.]

Ffirst, in servise of all thyngys in pantery and botery, and also for the ewery. 1. Have your table-cloths and napkins ready, ffirst, table-clothis, towelles longe and shorte, covertours3 and napkyns, be ordeyned clenly, clene and redy accordyng to the tyme. also trenchers, salts, &c. Also basyns, ewers, Trenchours of tree or brede, sponys, salte, and kervyng knyves.

Thenne ayenst tyme of mete, 2. Bring your cloths folded, the boteler or the ewer shall brynge forthe clenly dressed and fayre applyed3 Tabill-clothis, and the cubbord-clothe, cowched uppon his lefte shulder, lay them on the table, laying them uppon the tabill ende, close applied4 unto the tyme that he have then cover the cupboard, the side-table, and the chief table. firste coverd the cubbord; and thenne cover the syde-tabillis, and laste the principall tabill with dobell clothe draun, cowched, and spradde unto the degre, as longeth therto in festis.

3. Bring out the chief salt-cellar, and pared loaves,

Thenne here-uppon the boteler or panter shall bring forthe his pryncipall salte, and iiij or v loves of paryd brede, havyng a towaile aboute his nekke, the tone half honge or lying uppon his lefte arme unto his hande, and hold the carving-knives in your right hand. and the kervyng knyves holdyng in the ryght hande, iuste unto the salte-seler beryng.

4. Put your chief salt-cellar before the chief person’s seat, his bread by it,

Thenne the boteler or panter shall sette the seler in the myddys of the tabull accordyng to the place where the principall soverain shalle sette, and sette his brede iuste couched unto the salte-seler; and his trenchers before it. and yf ther be trenchours of brede, sette them iuste before the seler, and lay downe faire the kervyng knyves, the poynts to the seler benethe the trenchours.

5. Put the second salt-cellar at the lower end.

Thenne the seconde seler att the lower ende, with ij paryd loves5 therby, and trenchours of brede yf they be ordeyned; If wooden trenchers are used, bring them on. and in case be that trenchours of tree shalbe ordeyned, the panter shall bryng them with nappekyns and sponys whenne the soverayne is sette att tabill.

6. Put salt-cellars on the side-tables.

Thenne after the high principall tabill sette with brede & salte, thenne salte-selers shall be sette uppon the syde-tablys, but no brede unto the tyme such people be sette that fallith to come to mete. 7. Bring out your basins, &c., and set all your plate on the cupboard. Thenne the boteler shall bryng forth basyns, ewers, and cuppis, Pecys,6 sponys sette into a pece, redressing all his silver plate, upon the cubbord, the largest firste, the richest in the myddis, the lighteste before.

[II. Of Washing after Grace is said.]

8. Let the chief servants have basins, &c., ready,

Thenne the principall servitours moste take in ij handys, basyns and ewers, and towell, and therwith to awayte and attende unto the tyme that the grace be fully saide; and after Grace, hold the best basin to the chief lord, with the towel under; and thenne incontynent after grace saide, to serve water with the principall basyn and ewer unto the principall soverayne, and ij principall servitours to and then let his messmates wash. to yeve thenne water unto such as ben ordeyned to sytte at the sovrayne-is messe.

[III. Of the Lord & Guests taking their Seats, & getting their Trenchers, Spoons, Napkins, & Bread.]

9. The chief lord takes his seat, then his messmates theirs;

Thenne after the wesshing servid, the sovrayne will take his place to sitte, and to hym such persons as hit pleaseth hym to have. uppon which tyme of sittyng, the servitorys moste diligently a-wayte to serve them of qussyons, then the lower-mess people theirs. and after that done, to make such personys to be sette at the lower messe as the principall soverayne aggrees that be convenyent.

(When Grace begins, the bread cover is to be taken away.)

Be it remembrid that evermore at the begynnyng of grace the covertour of brede shalbe avoyded and take away. 10. The Carver takes 4 trenchers on his knife-point, thenne the karver, havyng his napkyn at all tymes uppon his left hand, and the kervyng knyf in his right hande, and he shall take uppon the poynte of his knyf iiij trenchours, and lays them before the chief lord, and so cowche them iustely before the principall, iij lying iustely to-geder, ij under, and one uppon, and the fowerth before, (one to put his salt on,) iustely for to lay uppon salte. and 3 or 2 before the less people. and the next, lay iij trenchours; and soo iij or ij after her degree. 11. The Butler gives each man a spoon and a napkin. therto the boteler most be redy with sponys and napkyns, that ther as the trenchours be cowched, lay the spone and the napkyn therto, and soo thorowe the borde.

12. The Carver pares 2 loaves,

Thenne the kerver shall take into his hande on or ij loves, and bere hem to the syde-tabill ende, and ther pare hem quarter on first, and bring hym hole to-geder, lays 2 before his lord, and 2 or 1 to the rest. and cowche ij of the beste before the sovrayne, and to others by ij or on after ther degree.

[IV. Of the Courses of the Dinner.]

[First Course.]

? Assewe.

Thenne the kerver or sewer most asserve every 13. Serve brawn, first, mustard and brawne, swete wyne shewed therto.7

POTAGE.

beef, swan, pheasant, fritters.

Befe and moton. swan or gese. grete pies, capon or fesaunt; leche, or fretours. Thenne yef potage be chaungeabill after tyme and season of the yere as fallith, as here is rehercid: As a change for beef, by example, ffor befe and moton ye shall take

[The Second Course.]

Thenne ayenste the secunde cours, be redy, and come in-to the place. 14. Clear away the 1st course, the kerver muste avoyde and take uppe the service of the first cours,—begynnyng at the lowest mete first,—and crumbs, bones, and used trenchers. all broke cromys, bonys, & trenchours, before the secunde cours and servise be served. 15. Serve the Second Course: thenne the seconde cours shall be served in manner and fourme as ensample thereof here-after folowyng:

Potage. pigge Conye Crane heronsewe betoure Egrete Corlewe wodecok Pert[r]igge Plover Snytys quaylys ffretours leche lamme stewed Kidde rosted Veneson rosted heronsewe betoure pigeons Small birds, lamb, kid, venison,

Rabetts a bake mete rabbits, meat pie,

Stokke-dovys stewed

cony telys malard wodecok teal, woodcock.

grete byrdys Great birds.

[V. How to clear the Table.]

16. Fill men’s cups and remove their trenchers.

After the seconde cours served, kerved, and spente, hit must be sene, cuppys to be fillid, trenchours to be voyded. thenne by goode avysement the tabill muste be take uppe in manner as folowith:— 17. Collect the spoons. first, when tyme ? aloweth foloweth, the panter or boteler muste gader uppe the sponys; after that done by leyser, the sewer or carver shall be-gynne at the loweste ende, 18. Take up the lowest dishes at the side-tables, and then clear the high table. and in order take uppe the lowest messe; after the syde-tabill be avoyded and take uppe, and thenne to procede to the Principall tabill, and ther honestly and clenly avoyde and withdrawe all the servise of the high table. 19. Sweep all the bits of bread, trenchers, &c., into a voyder. ther-to the kerver muste be redy, and redely have a voyder to geder in all the broke brede, trenchours, cromys lying upon the tabill; levyng none other thyng save the salte-seler, hole brede (yf any be lefte), and cuppys.

[VI. How to serve Dessert.]

After this done by goode delyberacion and avysement, 20. Take away the cups, &c., from all the messes, putting the trenchers, &c., in a voyder, the kerver shall take the servise of the principall messe in order and rule, begynnynge at the lowest, and so procede in rule unto the laste,9 and theruppon the kerver to have redy a voyder, and to avoyde all maner trenchours [&] broke brede in a-nother clene disshe voyder, and scraping the crumbs off with a carving-knife. and cromys, which with the kervyng-knyf10 shall be avoyded from the tabill, and thus procede unto the tabill be voyded. Thenne the kerver shall goo unto the cuppebord, 21. Serve wafers in towels laid on the table, and redresse and ordeyne wafers in to towayles of raynes or fyne napkyns which moste be cowched fayre and honestly uppon the tabill, and thenne serve the principall messe first, and so thorowe the and sweet wine. In holiday time serve cheese, or fruit; therto moste be servid swete wyne 11 tyme serve chese shraped with sugur and sauge-levis,12 or ellis that hit be faire kervid hole, or frute as the yere yeveth, strawberys, cherys, perys, appulis; in winter, roast apples. and in winter, wardens,13 costardys roste, rosted on fisshe-dayes with blanche pouder, and so serve hit forth 22. Clear away all except the chief salt-cellar, whole bread, and carving-knives; all maner thinge shalbe take uppe and avoyded, except the principall salt-seler, hole brede, and kervyng-knyves, the which shalbe redressed in maner and fourme as they were first sette on the table; the which, take these to the pantry. principall servitours of the pantre or botery, havyng his towaile, shall take uppe, and bere hit into his office in like wyse as he first brought hit unto the Tabill.

[VII. How the Diners shall wash after Dessert.]

23. Lay a fresh cloth all along the chief table.

Thenne the principall servitours, as kerver and sewer, moste have redy a longe towaile applyed dowble, to be cowched uppon the principall ende of the table; and that towell must be iustely drawen thorowe the tabill unto the lower ende, and ij servitours to awayte theruppon that hit be iustely cowched and sprad. after that done, 24. Have ready basons and jugs with hot or cold water; ther muste be ordeyned basyns, and ewers with water hote or colde as tyme of the yere requerith, and to be sette uppon the tabill, and to stonde unto the grace be saide; and after Grace, hand basins and water to the first mess, and incontynent after grace seide, the servitours to be redy to awayte and attende to yeve water, first to the principall messe, then the second. and after that to the 25. Take off and fold up the towels and cloth, the towayle and tabill-clothis most be drawen, cowched, and sprad, and so by litill space taken uppe in the myddis of the tabill, and give ’em to the Panter. and so to be delyvered to the officer of pantery or botery.

[VIII. Of the Removal of the Table, and the separate Service to grand Guests in the Chamber.]

26. Clear away tables, trestles, forms; and put cushions on other seats.

Thenne uprysyng, servitours muste attende to avoyde tabills, trestellis, formys and stolys, and to redresse bankers and quyssyons. 27. Butler, put the cups, &c., back into your office. then the boteler shall avoyde the cupborde, begynnyng at the lowest, procede in rule to the hieste, and bere hit in-to his office. Thenne after mete, hit moste be awayted and well entended by servitours yf drinke be asked. 28. Serve knights and ladies with bread and wine, kneeling. and yf ther be knyght or lady or grete gentil-woman, they shall be servid uppon kne with brede and wyne. 29. Conduct strangers to the Chamber. Thenne it moste be sene yf strangers shalbe brought to chamber, and that the chamber be clenly appareld and dressed according to the tyme of the yere, as in wynter-tyme, fyer, in somur tyme the bedd couerd with pylawes and hedde-shetys 30. Serve them with dainties: in case that they woll reste. and after this done, they moste have chere of neweltees in the chamber.14 as junket, pippins, Iuncate,15 cheryes, pepyns, and such neweltees as the or green ginger; tyme of the yere requereth; or ellis grene ginger comfetts,16 with such thynge as wynter requereth; and and sweet wines. swete wynes, as ypocrasse, Tyre, muscadell, bastard

[IX. How to Carve.]

How to carve a Swan, Goose,

to lose and t[i]re or sawse a capon:17 begynne at the lifte legge first of a Swan;18 & lyfte a gose y-reared at the right legge first, Wild-fowl, Crane, and soo a wilde fowle. To unlose, tire, or display a crane:19 cutte away the nekke in a voyde plate, rere legge and whyngge as of a capon; take of ij leches of the briste, and cowche legge and whyngge and lechis into a faire voyde plater; mynse the legge, and poyntes of whinge; sawse hym with mustard, vinager, and pouder gynger, and serve hit before the sovrayne, and the carcas in a charger besyde: serve it hole before the sovrayne. and he20 may be served and dressed as a capon, save one thyng, his breste bone.21 Heronsew, To tyre or ellis to dismember an heronsew:22 rere legge and whinge as of a crane; cowche them aboute the body on bothe sydes, the hedde and the nekke being upon the golet: serve him forth, and yf he be mynsed, sawse hym with mustard, burage,23 suger, and powder of gynger.

Bittern,

To lose or untache a bitorn:24 kitte his nekke, and lay hit by the hedde in the golette; kitte his whynge by the joynte; rere hym legge and whynge, as the heron; serve him fourth; no sawse unto hym but only salte.

Egret,

To lose or spoyle an Egrete25: rere uppe his legge

Partridge, Quail,

To tyre or to ele26 a partorich27 or a quayle28 y-whyngged: rere uppe whynge and legge, as of an henne; cowche them aboute the carcas; no sawse save salte, or mustard and sugar. Pheasant. To lose or unlase a fesaunt:29 rere uppe legge and whynge as an henne; cowche legge and whynge aboute the carcas; serve hym fourth; no sawse but salte: but and yf he be mynsed, take whyte wyne, sugur, mustard, and a lyttell of powder gynger.

A Bridal Feast.

ffor to make a feste for a bryde.

First Course.

Boar’s head, and a Device

The ffirst cours: brawne, with the borys hed,30 lying in a felde, hegge31 about with a scriptur, sayng on this wyse;

Second Course.

The second course.

Venison, Crane, &c., and a Device of

Veneson in broth, viaunde Ryalle,34 veneson rosted, crane, cony, a bake mete, leche damaske,35 with a sotelte: An anteloppe sayng36 on a sele that saith with scriptour

Gladness and Loyalty.

“beith all gladd & mery that sitteth at this messe, and prayeth for the kyng and all his.”37

Third Course.

The thirde course.

Sweets, &c., Game, with a

Creme of Almondys, losynge in syruppe, betoure, partrich, plover, snyte, pouder veal, leche veal, wellis38 in sotelte, Roches in sotelte,39 Playce in sotelte; a bake mete with a sotelte: Device of Thankfulness. an angell with a scriptour, “thanke all, god, of this feste.”

Fourth Course.

The iiij cours.

Cheese and a cake with a Device of Child-bearing

Payne puff,40 chese, freynes,41 brede hote, with a cake,42 and a wif lying in childe-bed, with a scriptour and a promise of babies. “I am comyng toward your bryde. yf ye dirste onys loke to me ward, I wene ye nedys muste.”43

Another course or servise.

Brawne with mustard, umblys of a dere or of a sepe;44 swanne, capon, lambe.

[Postscript, added after the Index had been printed.]

[Balliol MS. 354, ffl ij Cxv, or leaf 231.]

This selection contains two unusual characters:

—paired final “l” joined by a tilde-like line, shown here as łł because the more accurate form l͠l is likely to display incorrectly or not at all

—final “m” with a round flourish, shown here as m̑ although the actual curve is much larger

On the subject of this song, compare, among many others, “Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee welle,” above, p. 244; “I hold hym wyse and wel i-tauȝt, Can ber an horn and blow it nauȝt,” in the Percy Society’s Songs and Carols, p. 23. Lydgate’s “Lyke thyn Audience, so vttyr thy Langage,” in my Polit. Rel. & Love Poems, p. 25; &c.

Explicit.

[Balliol MS. 354, ffl C iii. All the final ll’s are crossed in the MS.]

here ffolowith suche howshold stuff as must nedis be ocupied at the mayres fest yerely kepte at the yelde hall.

ffirst, v diaper table clothes // iiij Cowchers1 of playñ clothe // iiij longe towellis of dyaper // Item x napery doz napkyns / Item ij doz Ewry towellis. Item viij shetis for coberde clothes // Item a doz couer-payns2 ffor wafere.

¶ Receyte for ypocras.

¶ Item Cynamon x ll / Gynger iiij ll / Grayns j ll / Suger iiij ll //

¶ Butlers towellis.

¶ xxxvj butlers towellis, the length of a towell an ell & a half3 // & quarter brode / that is, iiij towellis of an ell & a half,3 of ell brode clothe.

¶ ffor the mayres offessers.

¶ ffirst ffor sewers & carwers / iiij towellis of fyne clothe, ij ellis longe, & half a yarde brode, summa iiij ellis.

ffl C iij back

ffor drawers of ale & wyne.

viij apurns, summa viij ellis ¶ Item x portpayns to bere in brede/ ¶ summa xxxviij ellis.

¶ wyne.

Rede wyne, a tonne / Claret wyne, a pipe; whit wyne, a hoggishede / ypocras xl. galons.

¶ Brede.

viij quarters of chet brede / In manchettis vij^s4 In trenchar brede viij^s / In ob5 brede iiij; Item in wafers ix^xx messe6 / & the waferer must brynge Couerpayns for to serue owt his wafers.

¶ Ale pottis & Tappis.

xxviij barrellis ale / Ertheñ pottis for wyne & ale lx doz // pychars xij doz / ij doz stenys7 Item viij C assheñ cuppis / iiij doz tappis.

¶ plate.

Item iiij doz stondyng Cuppis / xxiiij doz bollis Item v doz saltis: xl doz spones / ij doz gilt sponys / ith ewers / a payyer of gilt basons // xx siluer pottis.

Explicit the butlers charge that he must speke ffor.

pewter at the feste

ffirst in platters gret & small xij^xx x dozen8

Item dyshis gret & small—xij^xx x dozen8

Item in sawsers gret & small xij^xx x dozen8

Item in chargers gret & small x dozen

At the gyvyng vp of the verder of the wardmot Inquestis after xij^th day.

In dishis xx dozen // In platers x dozen //

In sawsers iij dozen // In chargers j dozen

ffor the wacche at mydsomer

In platters xij dozen // In dyshes xxiiij dozen

all this was in the tyme of Iohñ wyngar, mayre of london.

for the hire viij^d the garnyshe of pewter

Lord Mayor Whyngar was Richard Hill’s master. On ffl C lxxvj of the MS. is the entry, “Iste liber pertineth Rycardo Hill, seruant with Master Wynger alderman of london.”

At the back of ffl ijC xx of the MS., in the list of Mayres & Sheryffis, is this entry:

[1]505 Johñ Wyngar Roger Acheley William brown A^o xx^o

(Kyng Henry the vij^th).

1

[Balliol MS. 354, ffl C lxxxxi, or leaf 203, back.]

A pope hath no pere An emprowre A-lone A kyng A-lone An high cardynall A prince, A kyngis son A duke of blod royall A busshop A markes An erle A vycownt A legate A baroñ An abbot mytered the ij cheff Iugys the mayre of londoñ the chif baroñ of the cheker // An Abbot without myter A knyght A pryoure A deañe An Arche-dekoñ the Master of the rollis the vnder Iugis the vnder barons of the cheker the mayre of caleis A provyncyall A doctur of diuinite A prothonotory ys boue the popes colectour A doctur of both lawes A sergeant of lawe the Masters of channsery A persoñ of Chyrche A seculer prest A marchañt A gentylmañ An Artificer A yeman of good name