VOCABULARY
Reading edition · Edition 2
This vocabulary aims to be complete, except for such proper names as do not appear to involve a play on words or a change of form in translation into English. Superlatives in -ísimo are not given unless irregular, but diminutives and augmentatives are given. Adverbs in -mente are given under their adjectives, and are not separately defined if the definition of the adjective sufficiently indicates their rendering. Adjectives and personal substantives which form regular feminines are given in the masculine form, with the masculine definitions only, so far as the feminine definitions can be inferred from these; thus, for tía look under tío, and, finding the definition 'uncle,' render the feminine by 'aunt.' This rule has been followed even where, as with descalzo, matón, the feminine is the only form found in our text. Infinitives used substantively, translatable by the English form in -ing, are not separately given. The participial form in -nte is given separately, but that in -ndo and the past participle are not given apart from their verbs if the verbs occur. Neither is the substantivized past participle, even such as pecado; but not so words which merely coincide with the participle in form, as estado. Words which take the accent mark merely to indicate interrogative or exclamatory use are given under the unaccented form, and the existence of an accented form is not mentioned if the English equivalent remains the same. Irregular forms of verbs in Chapters I-III are separately given so far as they affect the finding of the word; usually a group of forms that begin alike is represented by one of its simplest members—thus, in looking for puso or pusiese take 'puse see poner' as guide. A statement of reflexive use is given under se, and a verb is not separately defined as reflexive if its reflexive meaning is derivable from the non-reflexive by applying what is found under se. A participle which has reflexive force without the reflexive pronoun is in general especially defined, but the student will do well to keep in mind the principle that any past participle may be a reflexive without the pronoun.
The effort has been made to list each defined phrase under the word that the student was surest to look up, either the most unfamiliar word or the one which he would identify as not having here its familiar sense. When the word which has here an unusual sense (or whose regular English equivalent is not used in translating this phrase) is one which will not be looked up, such as a familiar preposition, its special definition for this occasion is appended in parentheses to the appropriate definition of the other word, which definition it precedes or follows according to the order of the Spanish phrase: thus, under acabar, 'end (por with)' means 'acabar end; acabar por end with'; under adelante, '(más further) on' means 'adelante on; más adelante further on.' Parentheses in a Spanish phrase inclose words which can be added without affecting the translation except as indicated by parenthesized English words. Other parenthesized words are generally meant as mere explanations, but can sometimes be advantageously taken as supplements to be optionally added to the definition.
The special definition of a phrase does not mean that the words which make up that phrase may not be found together also with their ordinary meanings. Thus, 'tener por regard as' does not mean that tener 'have' or 'hold' may not also be followed by por 'for' or 'by' in various senses; and the giving of a special definition for the reflexive use of a verb does not mean that its reflexive use may not have also the senses of its active use with the reflexive modifications described under se. Nor does a special definition for a participle mean that the participle is not used also in the general sense of the verb.
A rendering found in the vocabulary should not be distrusted because when put into the sentence it results in a bold use of words. Such uses are more or less characteristic of Galdós; and if the translator undertakes to reproduce Galdós' style in English, which is doubtless the highest ideal of translation, he must not be too timid in his use of English words. And the student should notice that the quality of the Spanish varies according to the person who speaks. Not every character in the book can be taken as a model of good conversational style, cultured or uncultured. Translate accordingly.
The citations from the Academy can usually be verified in other unabridged Spanish dictionaries; for these habitually copy the Academy verbatim. The student must not expect that the Academy shall be always right or always wrong.
ABBREVIATIONS
Periods after abbreviations have been omitted where the abbreviation stands in especially close connection with the Spanish word.
A. = the Academy's dictionary, or rarely its grammar. acc. = accusative. adj. = adjective. adv. = adverb. augm. = augmentative. c. = colloquial. conj. = conjunction. d. = diminutive. dat. = dative. depr. = depreciative. Eng. = English. esp. = especially. f. = feminine. fig. = figuratively. G. = Galdós. Gall. = Gallicism, Gallicistically. i. = intransitive. im. = impersonally. ind. = indicative. inf. = infinitive. intj. = interjection. L. = Latin. lit. = literally. m. = masculine. N. = note to. neg. = negative. obs. = obsolete. pl. = plural. pr. = pronoun. prep. = preposition. ptc. = past participle. r. = reflexive. rel. = relative. sc. = you are to think of. sg. = singular. subj. = subjunctive. sup. = superlative. t. = transitive. tr. = translate. untr. = to be left untranslated. w. = with
adv. -mente = the feminine of this adjective with the suffix -mente is used as an adverb, translated by adding the suffix '-ly' to the definition of the adjective, or by putting 'in' before the adjective and 'fashion' after it.
conj. w. que = with que it forms a phrase used as a conjunction; same translation as without que.
prep. w. de = with de it forms a phrase used as a preposition; same translation as without de.
The sign - in the black type means the word which stood in black type at the head of the paragraph: las -s under ala means las alas. When this sign is accompanied by letters in black italic type, the meaning is that the beginning or ending of the word at the head of the paragraph is to be changed to what is printed in black italics: -do under acabar means acabado.
a to, into, on, at, in, for; w. same word after as before, by; introduces personal direct object; a que in order that, to have, I'll bet, what will you bet that; a lo tonto in a stupid way; a la una ... a las dos ... a las tres one—two—three; a los tres días in three days; ¡a trabajar! (go) to work; estar a w. inf. be ready to, be on a footing to; cañón de a ocho eight-pounder
abajo down, below; down-stairs; hacia—— downward, down. abandonar t abandon, forsake, break off, quit. abandono m forsakenness. abate m abbé. abatir t cast down, abase. abdomen m abdomen. abeja f bee. aberración f aberration. abigarrado gaudy, garish, motley. abismo m abyss. abnegación f self-abnegation. abofetear t slap in the face. abogacía f law (as profession). abogadejo m limb of the law. abogadillo m little lawyer. abogado m lawyer, advocate. abolengo m ancestry, parentage. abominable abominable. abordar t (nautical) run into, come up to; (of question) enter upon, attack. aborrecer t hate, abhor, detest. aborrecimiento m hate. abrasador scorching. abrasar t scorch, inflame; r be all on fire (en with). abrazar t (r w. a) embrace. abrazo m embrace. abrigo m shelter, protection; wrap. abril m April. abrir t open (tanto so wide); —ierto adj. open. ábside m apse. absoluto absolute; unlimited; adv. —mente; en—— unqualifiedly, outright. absolver t absolve, exculpate. absorber t absorb. absorto astounded, dumfounded. abstener r abstain. absurdo absurd; m absurdity. abuelo grandfather, forefather. abundancia f abundance. abundante abundant, in abundance; adv. —mente. abundar i abound. abur good-by (curtly). aburrimiento m boredom, dull times, ennui. aburrir t bore, weary; annoy. acá here (hither; cf. acá 154 2, aquí 154 3). acabamiento m extinction, collapse. acabar t or i finish; have just (de); come to an end, be over, be done; end (por with); make an end (con of); casi—— de have hardly more than just; y—emos and done with it; —do complete, consummate. N 40 1. academia f academy. acaecer i befall. acalorar t warm up. acaparar t corner, monopolize, engross, lead by the nose. acaso perchance, peradventure; si—— if anything. acatar t look up to, do homage to. acaudillar t head (in war). acceso m access. accidente m accident; fit, seizure. acción f action. accionar i gesture. acechar i watch. aceite m (esp. olive) oil. acendrar t refine (in cupel); —do stainless. acento m accent. aceptar t accept. acequia f channel. acerado steely, stark. acerbo harsh, severe, sore; adv. -mente. acerca de about, regarding. acercar t bring near; r near, draw near. acero m steel. acertar t or i hit; —do sensible. aciago untoward. acicalar polish (weapon); make up (person; decorating, doing up hair, etc.). acierto m good aim. aclaración f clearing up, elucidation. acobardar t intimidate, cow; r show the white feather. acoger t admit, receive. acólito m acolyte. acometer t fall upon, rush at, assail. acometida f onslaught. acomodamiento m accommodation. acomodar t accommodate; r get on together. acomodo m accommodations. acompañar t accompany (de with), keep one company. acongojar t distress, weigh down with distress. aconsejar t advise (person dat., thing acc.). acontecer i take place. acopiar t lay in. acordar t or i decide, accord; r remember (de). acordonar t quarantine (not nautically). acostar t put to bed; r go to bed; —do in bed, lying. acostumbrar t or i get used, accustom, be used, be accustomed; —do wonted. acreedor creditor. acrisolar t refine (in crucible); verify, prove ('como la verdad, la virtud, etc.' A.); —do (not in A.; cf. acendrado) thorough, unsophisticated. actitud f attitude. actividad f activity. activo active; adv. -mente. acto m act; en el—— forthwith. actual present. actuar i act. acuchillar t knife. acudir i come (when or as one should, or habitually, or to help, or for help). acuerdo m accord; decision; ponerse de—— agree, come to an understanding. acumular t mass, pile up. acusar t accuse. achacar t impute. achaque m (habitual) ailment, failing. achicharrar t scorch, parch (in cooking). adalid m captain, chieftain; fig. champion, paladin. adelantar i advance, make progress; t push ahead, quicken up; r go ahead, get ahead; —do madelantado, N 57 16. adelante forward, (más further) on; further; step this way; llevar—— go ahead with, stick to; salir—— come through. adelfa f oleander. ademán m air, (expressive) movement. además besides; prep. w. de. adiós intj or m adieu, good-by. adivinar t guess. administración f management, administration; office. administrar t administer, manage. admirable admirable. admiración f admiration. admirar t admire. admitir t admit, allow of, agree to, accept. adobe m adobe, sun-baked brick. adocenado common, vulgar; N 141 3. adoptar t adopt. adorable adorable. adorar t adore. adornar t adorn, decorate. adorno m ornament, decoration. adquirir t acquire. adulador flatterer, flattering, sycophantic. adusto adust; stern, grim. advertencia f (hacer give) caution, admonition. advertir t notice; point out, intimate, suggest; notify, warn (of, acc.), caution. afable affable. afán m anxiety; eagerness (de for); toil; (not in A.) (pertinacious) propensity. afección f affection (all senses, cf. afición in one sense, cariño in one). afectar t affect; adv. —damente. afecto well-disposed; su—ísimo yours with best regards; m (any, esp. fond) passion, affection. afectuoso affectionate. afición f predilection, fancy. afilado hatchety (of face; lit. whetted). afirmación f assertion. afirmar t declare. afirmativo affirmative. aflicción f distress. aflictivo distressful. afligir t afflict, distress. aflojar t slacken; i abate. afortunado lucky; adv. —mente. agasajar t fondle, caress. agente m agent, agency. agitación f agitation, stir. agitar f agitate, stir, stir up. Agnus Dei L m (A. agnusdéi) Agnus Dei, N 175 12. agolpar r rush (all together). agraciar t grace; —do handsome. agradable pleasant. agradar i please, suit (a). agradecer t thank (a person a, for a thing acc.). agradecimiento m thanks. agrandar t greaten. agravar t aggravate, aggravate the condition of. agraviar t aggrieve, put one's self wrong with, provoke. agresivo aggressive. agronomía f agronomy, agricultural science. agrónomo agronomist, master of agriculture. agrupar t group. agua f water. aguantar t stand, endure. aguardar t await, wait for; i wait (more on the alert than esperar). agudo sharp. aguerrido inured to war, war-worn. águila f eagle. aguja f needle. agujerear t make a hole in. agujero m hole. ah ah. ahí there (where you are, or less remote than allí), here; hasta—— up to that point; —— donde le ve N 12 31. ahogar t stifle, choke. ahora now; just now. ahorcar t hang. ahuecado hollowed, loosened up, puffed out, puffed up, pompous. ahuyentar t drive away. aire m air; pl air. airoso breezy; graceful, charming. aislamiento m isolation. ajeno another's, other people's. ajero garlic man, garlic-seller. ajo m garlic. al = a el. ala f wing; (hat) brim; se me caen las—s del corazón I lose heart utterly. alabanza f praise. alabastro m alabaster. alambicado distilled; fig. double-distilled, finical. alamillo m d of álamo. álamo m poplar. alarde m parade, display. alardear i parade (de as). alargar t lengthen, run out, run up, put out, reach. alarma f alarm; hubbub; grito de—— alarm-cry, alarum. alarmante alarming. alarmar t alarm, throw into commotion. alborotador unsettling, disturbance-breeding. alborotar r get boisterous; —do boisterous, tumultuous. alborozar t enrapture, ravish. albricias f pl pay for good news; joy, joy! alcalde m alcalde, chief magistrate (of town). alcaldesa f alcalde's wife. alcanzar t reach, attain, come up with, obtain; make out, take in, see, understand; no—— más (A. no se me alcanza más) not have much brains. alcoba f bedchamber. alcurniado m (not in A.) aristocratic. aldaba f, aldabón m, knocker. aldea f (little, unorganized) village, hamlet. aldeano village, villager. alegrar t gladden; r be glad. alegre cheery, merry, blithe. alegría f gladness, joy, glee. alejar t remove (to a greater distance), get out of the way; r recede, move away. alemán German. Alemania f Germany. aletargar r fall into a lethargy. aleve traitor. alevosía f treachery. alevoso traitorous, sinister, iniquitous. alférez m color-bearer. algarabía f din of voices, hubbub, Babel. algazara f noise of gay voices. algo something, somewhat, anything. algodón m cotton. alguacil m constable. alguien somebody. algun[o] some, any, some sort of, one and another, a few; some one (of, etc.). alhaja f jewel. aliciente m attraction, incentive. aliento m breath; energy, pluck. alimentar t feed (de on). alimento m food. alinear t align; —do in line with each other. alma f soul, heart; life (as a principle residing in man or beast); de mi—— my dear; con el—— en un hilo in mortal terror. almenado battlemented. almibarado honeyed. almohada f pillow. almoneda f auction. almorzar i breakfast. alojamiento m lodging. alojar t lodge; r take up one's lodgings. alquitrán m tar; coal-tar (—— mineral). alrededores m pl environs. altanería f loftiness, haughtiness. altanero lofty, haughty. altar m altar (mayor high). alterar t alter, modify, change, perturb. alternativo alternate; adv. —mente. altisonante big-sounding. alto (1) high, tall, lofty, upper, top; de—— tall; en—— (pensar send one's thoughts) on high; en voz—— a aloud; a—as horas de deep in; pasar por—— pass over; (2) m halt; —— allá hold on. altura f height, altitude; exaltation; nautically, not in A., latitude; a la—— de on the level of, up to the standard of, (nautical) off. alucinación f hallucination. alumbrado m lighting system. alumbrar t light, light up. alumno foster-son, pupil. alzar t lift; i elevate the host. allá there (thither), off there; más—— further off, further back, beyond (prep. w. de); —— va look out, look out below there; —— (lo) veremos we'll see (about it). allegar t bring together; —do sympathizer, kindred spirit. allí there (not near me or you). amabilidad f amiability. amable amiable; sup. amabilísimo. amanecer i dawn, day breaks, daylight comes; of God send the new day; w. predicate adj. etc. (originally Arabism) present itself in the morning ..., be found ... in the morning. amaneramiento m mannerism. amante loving, lover. amar t love. amargar t embitter. amargo bitter. amargura f bitterness. amarillez f yellowness. amarillo yellow. amasar t prearrange (esp. illegitimately), juggle, pull the wires for. amasijo m lump of dough, congeries. ambición f ambition. ambicioncilla fgrain of ambition. ámbito m space, precincts. ambos both, both the. amedrentar t put in fear, make afraid. amenaza f threat. amenazador threatening. amenazar t threaten. amenguar t impair. ameno pleasant. amerengado meringuy, meringue-like; fig. mushy, unsubstantial. amigable friendly (in negative sense of mere absence of ill feeling). amigo friend, friendly (positively), with whom one is on friendly terms; the f. amiga, unmodified, when applied to a man's friend, admits of a double meaning and hence is avoided by some, but G. and other good writers use it without bad sense. amigote bosom friend, pal, that friend of his. amiguito good friend, little friend, child friend; —— de escuela school friend of one's childhood. aminorar t lessen. amistad f friendship; hacer—— make friends. amistoso friendly. amo master (of house or servants), owner; —a (priest's, bachelor's) housekeeper. amonestación f admonition. amonestar t admonish. amor m love. amoratado empurpled (cf. mora mulberry). amoroso loving, love, amorous, of love. amparar t protect; r Gall. take possession. amparo m (a under) shelter (de of, 209 7 de from, 209 15, protection. ampolla f blister. anacoreta m anchorite, hermit. analizar t analyze. anatema m anathema. anciano old man, aged. ancho broad. andante errant; caballería—— knight-errantry. andar i go (tras after, about; con in of clothing, typically; en in of clothing, literally), walk; w. gerund or ptc. be; —se con use, take; no me—en con gramáticas don't go talking Latin; todo se—á it will come in good time; modo de—— gait; anda, ande usted, fie, pooh, for shame. andén m platform (of railway station). anegar t flood, drown. anémico anaemic. ánfora f amphora. ángel m angel. angelical angelic. angosto narrow. ángulo m angle, corner. angustia f anguish. angustiado anguished; currently (A.) shabby. angustioso anguished; harrowing, agonizing. anhelar i pant; t pant for. anhelo m longing. animación f animation. animal m animal, creature; dunce, adj. animal; ignorant. animalejo m depr creature. animalito m little creature. animar t animate. ánimo m spirit; mind; courage. aniquilar t annihilate, extinguish. anoche last night. anochecer i the night comes on, night falls; m nightfall. anónimo anonymous; m anonymous letter. ansiedad f anxiety, anxiousness. antagonista antagonist. antaño m last year; formerly; bygone days; de—— old-time; aquel de—— the old-time sort. ante before (A. only in the senses 'in presence of,' 'in preference to'). anteanoche night before last. antecedente m antecedent, pl record. anteojos m pl spectacles. antepasado one who went before, forefather. antepecho m parapet; (window-) sill, window-seat. anterior anterior, previous. antes first, before, heretofore, sooner; prep. w. de, conj. w. de que or que; cuanto—— as soon as possible; —— bien rather (in antithetical sense). anticipo m anticipation; payment in advance; (occasion for) acting ahead of time, being ahead of time, precipitating matters. anticuado antiquated. anticuario antiquarian, antiquary. antigualla f antiquity, antiquated thing, relic of the past, ancient history (often pl. ). antigüedad f antiquity. antiguo ancient, former, old; of long standing, by long prescription, from time immemorial. Antinoo m Antinous (pronounce an-tin'-o-us), N 86 5. antipatía f antipathy, repugnance, dislike, aversion. antiquísimo sup of antiguo. antireligioso properly antirreligioso; not in A.) anti-religious. antojar r w. dat. pr. seem good to, I take a fancy, I like, I please; seem, strike one (as). anunciar t announce, inform (dat.), herald, manifest. añadir t add. año m year. apabullar t c squelch. apacible peaceful. apadrinar t be sponsor for, countenance. apagar t put out, slake. apalear t drub, cane, cudgel, give a drubbing etc.. aparador m dish-cupboard. aparato m apparatus. aparcería f agreement for cultivation (etc.) on shares. aparecer i appear (become visible). aparentar t make believe. aparente apparent; adv. —mente. aparición f appearance (act of appearing); manifestation, apparition. apariencia f appearance (looks, semblance). apartar t separate, part company, turn away, remove, put out of the way, brush away; —do out of the way. aparte aside, separately; cuestión—— a separate question. apasionado impassioned. apatecer t feel a desire for. apeadero m station (without side track etc.). apedrear t throw stones (at), stone. apelación appeal. apellido m surname. apenas hardly. apetito m appetite. apiadar r take pity (de on). apiñar t crowd. aplacar t appease, placate, calm down. aplastamiento m crushing flat. aplastar t flatten out; crush flat (moler is crush to powder). aplaudir t applaud. aplauso m applause (pl. of applause on many occasions). aplicación f application. aplicar t apply. apoderar r take possession, master (de). apodo m nickname. Apolo m Apollo. apoplético apoplectic. aporrear t club, cudgel, maul. aposentar t quarter, put up, house. apostar t bet (que or a que, the latter less affirmative). apostólico apostolic (los A—— s were those who were later styled Carlists). apostrofar t apostrophize; i (not in A.) soliloquize. apostura f style, caparison. apoyar t support, rest (en on). apoyo m support. apreciación f appreciation. apreciar t appreciate, think highly of. aprehender t apprehend. apremiante urgent. apremiar t drive. apremio m constraint; writ to enforce the payment of taxes; mandamus; comisionado de—— s enforcer of taxes. aprender t learn. apresuramiento m haste, hustling, quickness. apresurar t hasten; —do hasty, in haste; adv. —mente. apretar t push, press, squeeze, quicken; —do tight. apretón m grip. aprieto m straits. apropiar t appropriate; —do appropriate. aprovechamiento m progress, success (in studies etc.). aprovechar t turn to account, improve; i make progress, do well, improve; —do thriving, hopeful. apuntar t note. apunte m (tomar take, perhaps incidentally; sacar get, as object of study) note; c scamp, good-for-nothing. apurar t worry; —do trying. aquel, aquello, that; N 1 9; por—lo de que on that account that (clumsy language). aquí here; por—— this way, on this side, hereabouts. aquiescencia f acquiescence. arado m plough. árbol m tree. arboleda f growth of trees. arbolito m young tree, little tree. arboricultura f arboriculture. arbusto m shrub. arco m bow; arch; arc. arder i glow, burn. ardid m device, maneuver, policy. ardiente glowing, fiery; adv. —mente. ardor m ardor, burning, longing. arduo arduous. arena f sand. argamasa f mortar. argucia f quibble. argumentación f argument (process). argumentar i argue. argumento m argument (ground, series of grounds). árido arid. arma f arm, weapon. armadura f suit of armor. armamento m armament. armar t arm; set up; get up. armonía f harmony. aroma m aroma. arquear t arch. arqueología f archaeology. arqueológico archaeological. arqueólogo m archaeologist. arquitectónico architectural. arquitectura f architecture. arquitrabe m architrave. arrabal m outlying quarter, suburb, outskirt. arraigo m rooting, getting rooted. arrancar t uproot, tear out, tear (away), pull out. arrasar t raze. arrastrar t drag. arrebatar t snatch, sweep away; r fire up, fly into a passion; —do hasty, precipitate, passionate, impetuous. arrebato m outburst, fit of passion, rush. arreglar t arrange, settle, put in order. arreglito m nice settlement. arreglo m arrangement, compromise, accordance; con—— a in accordance with. arrellanar r settle one's self at ease. arrendar t rent (as landlord or as tenant); no le arriendo la ganancia I wouldn't be in his shoes. arrepentimiento m repentance, regret. arrepentir r repent. arriba up, above; hacia—— up; de—— a bajo (A. abajo) up and down (not so A.). arriesgar t venture, risk; —do risky. arroba f arroba (weight, over 25 lb.; liquid measure, varying from province to province). arrobamiento m ecstasy, rapture. arrodillar r kneel. arrogante arrogant, haughty, cavalier, spirited, mettlesome, gay. arrojar t throw, fling; throw out; thrust away. arropar t clothe, wrap. arroyo m brook. arruga f wrinkle. arrugar t wrinkle. arruinar t ruin. arsenal m arsenal. arte m (f), pl f, art, skill, deftness. articular t articulate. artifice artificer. artificio m artifice, artful dodge, trick. artillería f artillery. artimaña f pitfall; artifice. artista artist. artístico artistic; adv. —mente. asa f handle. asaltar t assault, assail; come over. asalto m assault. ascendiente m ascendency. asegurar t assure, guarantee, affirm. asemejar r resemble, come to resemble (a). asentar t seat. aseo m neatness. asesinar t murder. asesinato m murder. asesino m or f murderer. asestar t point (weapon), fire, deal, deliver, land (blow etc.). así thus, so; like that; in wish N 4 13; ser—— be such; yo soy—— it's my way, that's my way; —— como just as, as well as. asiento m seat; discretion. asilo m asylum. asimismo likewise. asistencia f help; care (of sick). asolador devastating. asolar t wreck, devastate, raze. asomar i show itself; r show one's self (at window etc.), go to ... and look out, look out, look through (a). asombrar t astonish. asombro m terror; astonishment; (astonished) admiration. asombroso astonishing. aspa f (set of) sails (of windmill). aspecto m aspect. áspero harsh, rough; adv. —mente. aspiración f aspiration. aspirar i aspire. astro m star (in a wide sense), heavenly body, luminary. astronomía f astronomy. astucia f shrewdness, subtlety, cunning, guile. astuto shrewd, astute. asuntillo m little matter. asunto m subject, affair, matter. asustar t scare. atacar t attack. atajar t head off. ataque m attack. atar t tie, tie up; —— cabos put two and two together. atarear t set a task, give one something to do; r keep hard at work. ateísmo m atheism. atención f (llamar draw, poner pay) attention. atender i attend (a to), listen. Ateneo m Athenaeum, N 40 18. atener r pin one's faith. atentado m (heinous) crime, outrageous attack. atento attentive, intent; adv. —mente. atenuación f attenuation, abatement, mitigation. atenuar t attenuate, extenuate, mitigate, palliate, abate. ateo atheist. aterrador terror-striking, intimidating. aterrar t terrorize; r be terror-struck. ático Attic. atisbar t or i peer, scrutinize; peer out etc.. atmósfera f atmosphere. atónito thunderstruck, lost in amazement. atormentar t torture. atracar r c eat all one can hold. atracción f attraction (the act or power); attractiveness. atracón m surfeit. atractivo m attraction (that which attracts). atraer t attract, draw upon. atrás back, in the rear. atraso m behind-the-timesness, fossilism. atravesar t cross, traverse, go across. atrever r dare, have the audacity, venture (a on); —ido audacious fellow. atrevimiento m daring, audacity, venturesomeness. atribuir t ascribe. atrocidad f atrocity, outrage; c excess, indiscretion, wild scheme. atronador thundering. atropellar t ride rough-shod over, override, treat with violence, do violence to. atropello m (piece of) arbitrariness, outrage. atroz atrocious, savage, outrageous, severe, enormous; adv. —mente. aturdir i fluster, perturb, stupefy; —do inconsiderate. audacia f audacity, hardihood. audaz daring, venturesome, audacious. auge m high standing, consequence. augurar t forebode. augustinus L Augusta's. augusto august, majestic, illustrious; also Latin. aula f classroom. áulico aulic. aullar i howl. aullido m howl. aumentar t or i increase (de, en, in). aun even, also; aún yet, still. (So Knapp; but A. aun before verb, aún after verb, whatever the sense. By 'verb' understand the modified word.). aunque although. aureola f aureole. aurora f (red) dawn, daybreak. ausencia f absence; departure. austero austere. autor author. autoridad f authority. autorizar t authorize, license. auxilio m (en to the) help, aid. avanzar t or i advance. avaricia f (piece of) avarice. avaro avaricious. ave f bird (esp. large, of wild places). Ave María (A. avemaría) f Ave Maria, Hail Mary; Ave María (so A.) Purísima interjectional phrase, not the first words of the prayer. avecilla f nestling (of ave). avellanado nut-brown. avenir t harmonize. aventar t winnow. aventura f adventure, venture, (running) risk, (not in A.) story. aventurar t risk; —do venturesome, overbold. avergonzar r be ashamed. averiguar t ascertain, find out. avisar t warn (a) of (acc.). ay oh ('thoroughly Spanish for the oh of other peoples,' Knapp); alas, ah me; —— de mí oh poor me. ayer yesterday. ayuda f (en to) aid, help. ayudar t aid, help. ayuno m (hacer, observar, keep) fast, (hacer do) fasting. ayuntamiento m town council; town hall. azada f shovel. azoramiento m perturbation, bewilderment, flustering. azote m lash, cut of the whip, spank, stroke of spanking. azotea f (flat) roof (or part of roof; as place to walk on etc.). azufre m sulphur. azul blue. baba f slaver, thick saliva. bah pshaw. bailar i dance. bailarina f ballet-dancer, chorus girl. bailoteo m dancing ('much, esp. without grace or decorum,' A.), capering. baja f casualty, loss. bajada f descent. bajar i go down, come down, get down, descend; t lower, bring down; drop; acc. of place (—— la escalera) not in A.. bajeza f lowness, meanness, paltriness. bajo under; lower; low; 'barbarism' (A.) for desde before punto de vista. bala f shot (not of shotgun). balbuciente faltering, broken. balbucir i or t falter (in speech). balcón m balcony, balcony window. baldosa f tile (of floor). balija (A. valija) f valise, satchel, mail-bag. banco m bench; bank. bandada f flock (of birds flying), bevy, flight. bandido m bandit. bandolerismo m (not in A.) brigandage. banquete m banquet. baño m bath. barba f beard (pl in same sense), chin. barbaridad f barbarousness, foolhardiness, Gothishness, spirit of primitive savagehood; barbarity. barbarie f barbarism, savagery. bárbaro barbarian, barbarous; foolhardy, harebrained, reckless. barbilampiño thin-bearded. barda f brushwood (or straw etc.) on top of wall (to prevent tapia from weathering away). bardal m a tapia topped with brush; say wall. barniz m varnish. barra f bar (N 13 1). barraca f hut. barranco m gully, ravine. barrer t sweep. barricada f barricade. barrido m sweeping; sweepings. barro m wet earth, clay; de—— earthen. barruntar t have an inkling of. Bartolomé m Bartolomé, Bartholomew. basca f qualm. base f base, basis. basilisco m basilisk. bastante enough; tolerably, a good deal, rather. bastar i suffice; basta enough, no need of any more; con X. basta (y sobra) X. is enough (and more). bastardear i (not r by A.) degenerate, be debased. batalla f battle. batallar i battle. batallón m battalion. batir t beat, beat against; r fight; —— palmas clap one's hands. baúl m trunk. bayo bay (horse). beatífico beatific; (not in A.) seraphic (as if inspired by the Beatific Vision). beber t or i drink, drink up. beduino Bedouin. behetría f old-time free town, N 125 1; anarchy, turmoil. bellaquería f knavery. belleza f loveliness. bello beautiful (deeper word than hermoso). bendecir t bless. bendición f blessing. bendito blessed; un—— an innocent; agua—a holy water. beneficencia f beneficence. beneficio m good deed, kindness. beneficioso beneficial, of benefit. benéfico beneficent. benevolencia f kindness, kindliness, good will. benévolo benevolent, kindly; adv. —mente. benignidad f suavity. bergante m scoundrel. bermellonar t vermilion, paint with vermilion. besar t kiss. beso m kiss. bestia f beast; lout, lubber. besuquear t keep kissing. Biblia f Bible. bibliófilo bibliophile. biblioteca f library. bien well; very; quite; easily; well off; comfortable; m good; más—— rather, w. imperative just; si—— though w. accent on following auxiliary (w. do if no other auxiliary), even though; o—— or else; encontrar—— find good, think well of; hombre de—— honest man. bienestar m welfare, well-being. bigote m often pl mustache. bigotejo m scrubby mustache. bilioso bilious. bizarría f gallantry. bizco squint-eyed; N 75 22. blanco white. blando soft, sweet. blanquecino whitish. blanquinegro (not in A.) grizzled. blasfemia f blasphemy; (piece of) abuse, (piece of) billingsgate. blasfemo blasphemer, blasphemous. bobería f silliness. bobo dolt, simpleton; sacar de—— s enlighten our ignorance, undeceive. boca f mouth. boda f wedding. bofetada f slap (hostile); dar—s, dar de—s, slap. bofetón m slap, hard slap. bolita f little ball. bolsillo m purse. bombardear t bombard. bonachón amiable. bondad f goodness, kindness, kindliness. bondadoso kindly, kind, amiable, benignant; adv. —mente. bonito pretty. boquete m breach. Borbón m Bourbon; N 150 31. borbotón m uprush (of water, heaving the surface). bordado m embroidering. bordar t embroider. borde m edge. bordo m side (of ship); (A. 'obs.') edge, margin, side (of anything). borla f tassel. borracho drunk, drunkard. borrico donkey. bosque m grove, thicket. bostezar i yawn, gape. bota f boot. botella f bottle. botica f drug-store. botón m button. bóveda f vault. bozo m down (on youth's face). bramar i bellow; sometimes tr. roar. bramido m bellow. bravo doughty, brave, wild, swashbuckler, fighting man. bravucón augm of depr fire-eater. brazo m (entre in) arm. breve short, brief. Briador m Brigliadoro, N 167 5. bribón rascal. brigada f brigade. brigadier m brigadier-general. brillante brilliant. brillantez f brilliancy. brillar i sparkle; (of personal merit) strike the eye. brindis m brindisi, drinking-song. brío m (sg or pl) strength, muscle, mettle, vivacity. broma f fun, joking, sport. bromear i crack jokes. bronco rough, grating, jarring, jangling. Brumario m Brumaire, N 150 31. brusco blunt, brusque, abrupt, bluff; adv. —mente. brutal brutish, churlish, rude, brutal; adv. —mente. brutalidad f brutishness, blackguardism. bruto blockish, stupid, brute; m brute. buen[o] (comparative mejor) good, well; all right; (comparative más bueno) kind, nice, good-natured, pleasant; simple; de—as a primeras at the very start, at first sight, without warning. bufete m desk, law-office. bufo buffo; ópera—a opera bouffe. bufón buffoon. buitre m vulture. bulto m bulk; something (imperfectly seen; so Longfellow 'a bulk in the dark'); bale ('fardo' A.), (not in A.) parcel, piece (of baggage). bullicio m uproar, hubbub. bullicioso boisterous. buquinista Gall. bouquiniste. burla f jest, ridicule; de—s jocular. burlar t baffle; r mock, poke fun (de at), ridicule (de), make fun. burlesco jocular, comic, farcical. burro donkey. busca f quest, search. buscador seeker. buscar t look for, hunt up, seek, pick (quarrel). busto m bust. butaca f easy-chair cabal precise; adv just, precisely; adv. also —mente. cabalgadura f mount, (ridden) horse. caballeresco knightlike. caballería f knighthood, chivalry; cavalry; beast (horse, ass, or mule). caballerito m younker, young gentleman. caballero m knight, gentleman; man of honor; before proper name say Squire. caballerosidad f chivalry, knightliness. caballista m expert in horses, horsemaster, horse man. caballo m horse; a—— on horseback. Caballuco:-uco is depr. suffix. cabecera f head (of table etc.). cabellera f (head of) hair. cabello m (a) hair. caber i find room, find a place, there is room for; belong to, be——— 's, fall to; N 190 14. cabeza f head; cómo me pusieron la—— what a time they gave me (with their talk). cabo m end; corporal; al—— ultimately, to end up with, now as introductory conj.. cabra f goat (either sex); she-goat (m cabrón). cacarear i crow, cackle. cacique m cacique; leader in politics, boss. caco m thief; Caco Cacus. cachaza f phlegm, apathy, leisureliness. cada each, every. cadáver m corpse. caer i fall, fall a victim. café m coffee. cafre Kafir. caída f fall. caja f box, case; coffin. calamidad f calamity (A. 'which extends to many persons'). calavera f skull; madcap. calaverada f piece of recklessness, madcap freak, escapade, spree. cálculo m calculation; (not in A.) scheme. caldeo Chaldee, Chaldean. calentar t warm, heat. calificación f characterization, epithet. calificar t characterize (de as), put a (descriptive) name to. calificativo m epithet, characterization. calma f calm, quiet, placidity, calmness. calmar t calm. calor m (a by) heat, warmth. calumnia f slander, calumny. calumniador slanderous, slanderer. calvicie f baldness. calzada f causeway. calzar t shoe. calzón m mostly pl breeches. calzonazos m pl, also as sg (un——, unos—— ), c wishy-washy fellow. calladita f d of a las calladas on the quiet, under cover. callar i be silent, keep silence, hold one's tongue; t say nothing of; —do silent; calla no such thing ('c. intj. denoting surprise' A.). calle f street. callejón m alley. cama f bed. camaleón m chameleon. camarero (chief) valet de chambre; —a mayor mistress of the robes (chief of a queen's maids). cambiar t change, exchange. cambio m exchange (de for); en—— on the other hand. camello m camel. caminar i go, travel. caminata f course, jaunt. caminejo m bad road. camino m road, journey, journeying, course; —— real turnpike. camisa f shirt; meterse en—— de once varas interfere in other people's business. camorra f quarrel. campana f (large) bell. campanilla f (little) bell. campaña f plain; the field; campaign. campeador champion, esp. the Cid, N 152 31. campeón m champion. campesino rural, rustic, countryman, yeoman. campiña f (arable) territory, region (around a town). campo m field, fields; the country. canaleja f watering-trough; shovel hat. canalla f riffraff, (set of) rascals; m rascal; adj (Gall.?) blackguardly; —— de rascally. canana f cartridge-belt. canario m canary. canción f song. candelero m candlestick. candidatura f candidacy. canela f cinnamon. cangilón m jar, pot. canónigo m canon. cansancio m exhaustion. cansar t tire, weary. cantar i or t sing; (of cock) crow. cántara f, cántaro m, pitcher. cantidad f quantity, number, sum. cantinela f old song, yarn, reiteration, refrain, strain. canto m song; crowing. cantor singer. caña f reed, cane; las—s se vuelven lanzas proverb from jereed-play the jest turns to earnest. cañada f vale. cañón m (gun-)barrel; cannon (sg. sometimes in collective sense, as in Eng.). cañonazo m cannon-shot. caoba f mahogany. capa f cloak (N 2 19). capacidad f capacity. capaz capable. capilla f chapel. capita f precious capa, fig. nice cloak. capital m capital (means); f metropolis, capital (chief city). capitis diminutio term of ancient Roman law loss of status. capitular m capitular, N 153 1. capítulo m chapter. capote m capote (not pronounced or meant as in ordinary Eng.), short cloak with sleeves; para mi—— in my mind, to myself. caprichillo m whimsy, whim-wham. capricho m caprice, whim. cara f face; tenir ...—— be looking ...; poniendo —— looking. caracol m snail. carácter m character. caracterizar t characterize, mark, bring out well; see 184 32. carátula f mask (comic or protective, not for concealment); (preternaturally comic) visage. caravana f caravan. carbón m coal, charcoal. carcajada f guffaw. cárcel f prison, jail. carcomido worm-eaten (of wood), honeycombed; wasted away, weather-eaten. Cardec 'Allan Kardec,' author of Livre des esprits etc., N 145 30. cardo m thistle. carecer i lack (de), be destitute. cargadito de rather strong of. cargante disagreeable. cargar t load, carry; be a nuisance to. cargo m load, charge; mission, duties. caribe Carib; fig. Mohawk ('hombre cruel y inhumano' A.). caricatura f caricature. caricia f caress. caridad f charity. carilla f little face. carilleno full-faced, full (face). cariño m affection. cariñoso affectionate; adv.. —mente. carita f little face. Carlos m Charles; N 150 31. Carmen m the Carmelites. carnal of the body; (of relatives) own. Carnaval m Carnival. carne f flesh. carnicero of prey; bloodthirsty. carnoso fleshy, massive. caro dear; w. costar inflected or uninflected. carrera f running; course; rush, rushes; (hacer have a) career. carromatero m carter. carta f letter; (playing-)card; obs. paper; tomar —s take a hand. cartera f pocket-book, wallet; portfolio, letter-case. cartita f note. cartón m pasteboard, papier maché. cartoncejo m little pasteboard box. casa f house, home; en—— at home, in my house; a ——, a su—— , home; —— de (without la)——— 's (house), the ... house; los de——, las personas de—— , one's home people, one's folks, household. casaca f coat (esp. of uniform). casamiento m marriage. casar t marry; —se con marry. cáscara f shell, bark, peel; de la—— amarga c cross-grained, bumptious, truculent. cascarazo m (not in A.) shot with the peel. casco m skull; helmet; shard, fragment, piece (of broken crockery, burst bomb, etc.); layer (of onion); hoof; (not in A.) for gajo segment (of orange etc.). caserío m cluster of houses, hamlet; farmhouse. casero domestic, household, indoor. casi almost. casino m (social) club. caso m case; topic; situation; el—— the point; hacer—— regard, mind, pay any attention to (de or dat.); verse en el—— de (have) come to the point of. casta f race, ancestry, breed, blood. castel m obs castle. castellano Castilian. castigar t chasten. castigo m punishment. castillo m castle. casto chaste; adv. —mente. casualidad f accident, chance. casucha f hovel. casulla f chasuble. casus belli m casus belli. catadura f c (usually evil) looks, air. catafalco m catafalque. catástrofe f catastrophe. catedral adj or f cathedral. catequizar t teach the catechism to, teach the (Christian, A.) religion to. católico Catholic. cauce m bed (of stream), channel. caudal m wealth, stock. caudillo m commander. causa f cause, suit, prosecution; a—— de, por—— de, because of, on account of. causar t cause. cautela f caution. cautivar t captivate, take captive. cavernoso cavernous. cavilación f brooding, anxiety, nervous pondering, fidget. cavilar i rack one's brains. Cayetano m Cayetano, Cajetan. caza f hunting, game. cazador hunter. cazuelillo m d of cazuelo. cazuelo m (A. —a f) (earthen) pan, (stewpan-like) dish, casserole. cebo m fodder, feed, bait. ceder i give way. cédula f billet (de alojamiento untr.). cegar t blind. ceguera f blindness. ceja f eyebrow. cejar i (of horse) back; fig. back down, weaken. cejijunto with meeting eyebrows; (not in A.) with knitted brow. celador person appointed to see to the observance of order and ordinances; say warden. celaje m broken clouds; colored clouds; storm-scud. celebrar t celebrate, applaud, laud, extol; hold (a meeting etc.); execute (a legal document etc.); (not in A.) be glad of. célebre famous. celeste celestial. celestial heavenly. celibato m celibacy. celosía f jalousie. celoso jealous. cena f supper. cenar i sup, take supper, have supper. ceniza f (sg or pl) ashes. centauro m centaur. centella f flash (of lightning); spark (of flint and steel). centinela sentinel; de—— standing sentry. central central. centro m center; fuera de su—— out of one's element. centuplicar t centuple, expand a hundred fold. ceñir t gird, gird about, belt, encircle. ceño m brow; frown. ceñudo frowning. cerca adv. near, close by; prep. w. de, but de—— adv.. cercanía f proximity; (mostly pl.) vicinage, purlieus. cercano adj near, near by, close by. cercenar t lop, clip; lop off, clip off; fig. cut down. cerebro m brain. cereza f cherry. cerradura f lock. cerrar t shut, close; lock. cerrillo m knoll. cerro m hill. cesante out of a (government) job. cesar i cease, come to an end; be put out of one's office. César m Caesar. cesta f basket. Cicerón m Cicero. ciego blind; adv. —mente. cielo m sky, heaven; N 44 2. ciencia f science. científico scientific, in science. cien[to] hundred. cierto before noun pl. certain (some), sg. a certain; after noun certain (sure), adv. —mente; as predicate, in antithesis to a contrary suggestion, true (seguro certain. 149 5, 13); por——, por—— que, you may be sure. cigarrillo m cigarette. cigarro m cigar. cima f top (of mountain or tree). cimiento m foundation. cinco five. cinto m belt (of person); waist. cinturón m belt (of things). círculo m circle; club (A. 'casino'), coterie. circunscribir t circumscribe, limit. circunspección f circumspection. circunspecto circumspect. circunstancia f circumstance. circunstante (hardly in sg.) person present, pl company. cirio m (large wax) candle. cita f quotation. citar t cite, quote, summon. ciudad f city (town which anciently had privileges superior to those of a villa). civil civil. cizañoso mischief-maker. clamorear i clamor, blare. clamoreo m clamor. clandestino clandestine; adv. —mente. claqueteo m Gall. clatter, clacking. claraboya f skylight. claridad f clearness, brightness; light (A. the effect of light in making everything visible); plainness; (tenue—— ) glimmering, gleam. clarín m clarion. clarinete m clarinet. claro clear; light; plain (of language etc.); illustrious; adv. —mente. clase f class; sort (more c. than suerte); subject (of instruction), study. clásico classic. clasificar t classify. clavar t nail, drive in, stick in; fasten (eyes). clerical clerical. clérigo m clergyman. clero m clergy. cliente client. club m club (A. political, 'usually clandestine'). coacción f compulsion, constraint. coalición f coalition. cobarde coward, cowardly, faint-hearted. cobardía f faint-heartedness, cowardice. cobrar t receive, take in, collect. cocina f kitchen. coco m c grimace; hacer—s flirt (a with; N 85 32). coche m coach, carriage, car. cochero m coachman, stage-driver. codo m elbow; hablar por los—s have one's tongue hung in the middle and going at both ends. coetáneo coeval. coger t grasp, catch, pick up, take up, take in. cogote m nape of one's neck. coincidencia f coincidence. coincidir i coincide. cojear i be lame (one-sidedly). col f cabbage. cola f tail; string of consequences. colaboración f collaboration, cooperation. colegio m preparatory school. cólera f exasperation, wrath. colérico exasperated. colgar t or i hang, hang up. colilla f stub (of cigar). colindante adjoining (of real estate), adjoining proprietor. colocar t place. colophón (A. colofón) m colophon. coloquio m colloquy, conversation. color m (pl used of blushing) color. colosal colossal. columna f column. comarca f district (containing several villages); (populous or extensive) region. combate m combat. combatir t combat, contend. comedia f comedy, play, acting. comediante actor; shammer, dissembler. comedido mannerly, courteous, self-restrained. comedimiento m civility, self-restraint, mannerliness. comedor m dining-room. comensal companion at table; pl company. comentario m commentary, comment, remarks ('lengthy conversation on topics of everyday life, mostly with some backbiting' A.). comenzar t commence. comer t or i eat; as necessity of life have something to eat, get something that one can eat, fill one's stomach; —ido de (by) ... vea yo is a customary form of c. imprecation. comerciante merchant. comercio m commerce, intercourse. cometer t commit, do, be guilty of. cómico comic, comical; comedian, actor. comida f meal, food. comisión f commission. comisionar t commission; —do commissioner, agent. como as, like; as I do etc.; such as; something like, as it were; as soon as; if; that; cómo how; how is it that; what ... like; what? cómoda f bureau. cómodo convenient, comfortable. compaña obs. or provincial for compañía. compañero comrade, companion. compañía f companionship, company. comparación f comparison. comparecer i put in an appearance. compartir t divide, apportion. compás m beat, time (e.g. musical). compasión f compassion. compensar t compensate, make up for. compilar t compile. compinche 'c friend, comrade' A.; de—— pals, in cahoots. complacencia f complacency. complacer t gratify (r de, en, with), accommodate, follow the wishes of. completar t complete. completo complete, full; adv. —mente; por—— completely. complexión f physique, constitution, habitus, type. cómplice accomplice. complot m plot. componedor arbitrator. componer t compose; mend; settle (se las it between them). comportamiento m behavior. composición f composition. compostura f (more external than gravedad) composure, gravity, seriousness, decorum; neatness. comprar t buy. comprender t understand (grasp, see, see through); realize. comprimir t compress; repress. comprometer t jeopardize, put in peril; make responsible, make liable. compromiso m engagement, promise entered into. cómputo m calculation. común common; de—— jointly; por lo—— commonly, in general. comunicación f communication. comunicar t communicate, connect. comunicativo communicative. con with; toward (a person); —— elegancia etc. elegantly etc.; —— que (A. conque) so then, well then. concebir t conceive. conceder t grant, concede. conceptista conceptist, dealer in double meanings, double-meaning; N 175 19. concepto m conception, conceit, estimation. concerniente relating (a to), concerning (a). concertar t arrange, agree, harmonize. conciencia f consciousness, conscience. concienzudo conscientious. concierto m concert. conciliación f conciliation. conciliar t reconcile. concilio m council. concluir t or i finish (acc. or de); end. concordar i harmonize, agree. concordia f concord, harmony. concretar r confine one's self. concurso m concourse. concha f shell (of any animal). conde m count. condenar t condemn; disuse, close (permanently, room or door); r be damned; —do as objurgation confounded (lit. damned, but possible in lady's mouth, 157 22). condensar t condense. condesa f countess. condescendencia f accommodatingness, complaisance, leniency, easy-goingness. condescendiente facile, complaisant. condestable m Constable (highest rank in mediaeval army). condición f condition; nature, temperament; qualification. conducción f carrying. conducir t conduct, take, lead, comport. conducta f conduct. conducto m conduit, channel; por—— de by the hands of, through. conductor conductor; carrier. conexión f connection. confabular i confabulate; r collude; se han—do are in collusion. conferencia f conference, lecture. conferenciar i confer, hold a conference. confesar t confess, acknowledge. confesión f confession. confesonario m confessional. confesor m confessor. confianza f trust; (sense of) intimacy; persona de—— > intimate; amigo de—— trusty friend; de mucha—— highly confidential. confiar i trust; t intrust, confide. confidente confidant. confirmación f confirmation. confirmar t confirm (me en to me). confite m bonbon. conflicto m thick of the fight, tug of war, crisis; predicament, trouble. conformar t or i conform. conforme agreed, agreeable, willing to agree; that depends; according as. conformidad f agreement. confundir t confound, confuse. confusión f confusion. confuso confused; adv. —mente. congénito inborn, congenital, native. congoja f distress. congojoso distressful. congreso m congress (A. [against using foreign words] 'In place of meeting we can say reunión, junta, asamblea, congreso, conventículo, etc.'). conjetura f conjecture, guess. conjunto m aggregate, mass. conjurar i conspire, band together (mutinously). conmigo used instead of con mí. conmover t affect, move, agitate. connaturalizar r inure, acclimatize, familiarize; (not in A.) establish. conocer t know (be acquainted with,—but distinguished from tratar, 145 3, —— de by; recognize, en by), know of, know anything of; recognize, perceive; become acquainted with; r be evident. conocimiento m knowledge (sometimes Eng. sg. represents Spanish pl.), acquaintance; consciousness. conquista f conquest. conquistador conquering, conqueror (applied e.g. to any soldier of Cortez's army). consabido aforesaid. consagrar t consecrate, devote. conseguir t obtain, bring about, manage. consejero counselor; councilor. consejo m counsel, advice; poner en—— submit to counselors, take advice on. consentimiento m consent. consentir t allow, give one's consent. conservar t preserve. considerable considerable. consideración f consideration, considerateness; de—— considerable, of some consequence; guardar—es be considerate, have considerateness. considerar t consider, look upon. consigo used instead of con sí. consistir i be based (en on), rest (en with), consist (en in). consolar t console, comfort. consonancia f harmony. consonante m riming word; harmonizing sound; f consonant. conspiración f conspiracy. constante constant, continual; adv. —mente. constar i be (positively) known; me consta I have assurance. consternación f consternation. consternar t dismay, appall. constitución f constitution. constructor construction. construir m construct. consuelo m consolation, comfort. consulta f counsel, consultation. consultar t consult (me lo me about it). consumar t consummate, carry through. consumir t consume, use up. contagioso contagious, catching. contar t tell, tell the story, recount, count (con on). contemplación f contemplation, viewing. contemplar t contemplate, view. contemporáneo contemporary, of our own day. contener t contain, restrain, keep in, hold back. contentar t content. contento glad, pleased, suited (de with); m cheer, satisfaction. contestación f reply. contestar t reply, respond, answer. contigo used instead of con ti. continuar t or i continue. continuo continual. contra against, contrary to; over against; m. see pro; en—— de, en—— a, against, unfavorable to. contradecir t contradict. contradicción f contradiction; —— del mismo self-contradiction of. contrariar t antagonize; (not in A.) disappoint, irk, annoy. contrariedad f hindrance, obstacle. contrario (al, por el, por lo, on the, A.; but por el 22 9, 111 30 on the, por lo 54 13 for the) contrary; opponent. contrarrestar t withstand. contrato m contract. contribución f tax. contribuir t contribute. contristar t sadden. controversia f controversy; de—— controversial. contundente bruising, scathing. convencer t convince. conveniencia f propriety; advantage; (domestic servant's, A.) place, situation. conveniente expedient, advantageous, best, proper. convenir i agree (en que that), be to the purpose, be well, (not in A.) suit; —do agreed on. conversación f conversation. convertir t turn, convert, change. convexo convex. convicción f conviction. convidar t invite; treat. conviene see convenir. convulsión f convulsion, spasm, convulsive strain. convulso convulsive (person); adv. —mente. cooperar i coöperate. copa f goblet (cup with foot); cup. cophto Copt, Coptic. copioso copious, ample. copla f verse, song (N 10 28). copón m ciborium. coraje m valor, gallantry. corazón m heart; courage, pluck, nerve. corazonada f (inward) prompting, presentiment. corcel m steed, courser. corchuelo m d depr of corcho cork. cordial cordial; adv. —mente. cordialidad f cordiality. cordón m cord (in clothing, etc.). corifeo m coryphaeus. corneta f cornet. coro m chorus; choir; (divine) office, service. corona f crown. coronar t crown. coronel m colonel. corpachón m unwieldy body. corporación f corporation. corpulento corpulent. corpúsculo m corpuscle. corrección f correctness. correctivo m corrective. correcto correct. corregidor m corregidor (N 147 20). correo m mail, post. correr i run; go about; (not r in A.) be seen to (i.e. pass through the regular channels); t run; draw (curtain etc., either opening or closing); face, go through (aventuras etc.); pursue, chase (aventuras Gall.?); —— a cargo etc. de be under the charge etc. of. correspondencia f letters, correspondence. corresponder i w. a return, reciprocate, match, correspond to; belong to, be the part of, be for. correspondiente corresponding. corretear i gad about, go up and down. corrida f run. corriente current; settled (as general opinion); f current; —— de aire draft. corromper t corrupt. corrupción f corruption. corruptio optimi pessima L a corruption of the best is worst. cortar t cut, cut off, cut short; disconcert. corte f court; (monarch's) capital. cortejo m gallant ('especialmente si las relaciones son ilícitas' A.); cortege. cortés courteous. cortesanía f courtliness. cortesano courtly; m courtier, f courtesan. cortesía f courtesy. Cortez see Ferdinand. corteza f bark, rind. cortijo m grange. cortinaje m (set of) curtains. corto scant, slight, little. cosa f thing, matter; pl doings; no ...—— nothing; gran—— much of anything; qué—s tienes what a fellow (etc.) you are; —— de (inf.) a thing to ... over. cosecha f harvest, crop, crops. coser i sew. cosita f a little something, little matter. costa f cost; a—— at the expense. costar i cost. costumbre f custom, habit; de—— usual. costura f sewing. costurero m work-box (with cushion top; sometimes with legs, making it a stand). cotorra f parrakeet; magpie. coyuntura f opportunity. cráneo m skull (less ambiguous than casco). creación f creation. crear t create. crecer i grow, increase. crecimiento m growth. crédito m credit. creencia f (según in) belief. creer t believe, think, suppose (that, que if the following verb has a subject different from that of creer; usually inf. if the two subjects would be the same); no crea Vd. believe it or not. crepuscular (of the) twilight. creyente believer. creyó see creer. criadero m nursery (in agricultural sense); (mineral) deposit. criado servant. criar t create. criatura f baby. crimen m crime ('delito grave' A.). criminal criminal. crisis f crisis. cristal m crystal; (A.) flint glass; (not in A.) pane, pl sash. cristiandad f Christendom. cristianismo m Christianity. cristiano Christian. Cristo m Christ. Cristóbal m Cristobal, Christopher. criterio m criterion; judgment. crónica f chronicle. cruce m crossing. crucificar t crucify. cruel cruel. cruento gory, sanguinary. cruz f cross. cruzar t or i cross; fold (arms, hands). cuaderno m fascicle, section, part (of unbound book). cuadrar i square, fit, harmonize, correspond; befit, suit (a). cuadrilátero m quadrilateral. cuadrito m little picture. cuadro m picture. cual such as, like a; (after tal, tan) as; el—— who, which; tal para—— six of one and half a dozen of the other (usually disparaging); —— si as if; cada—— each one; cuál which. cualidad f (esp. individual) quality. cualquier[a] (positively) any, anybody, any whatever, anybody whatever, any and every, anybody and everybody, any no matter what; —— que whatever; un—— a nobody. cuan as ... as; after tan as; cuán how. cuando when; since; if; as prep. c. at the time of; —— menos at least; de vez en—— from time to time. cuanto as much as, all that, pl as many as; after tanto as; en—— as soon as; en—— a as to; unos—s a few; cuánto how much, freely how, pl how many. cuartago m nag. cuarto m quarter; room, apartment; farthing (N 6 34). cuatro four; indefinitely half a dozen, a few. cubicularia L. word night-lamp (lucerna cubicularia, Martial). cubrir t cover; —ierto m 'plate, knife, fork, spoon, bread, and napkin' (A.) at a diner's place; say plate. cuchicheo m whispering. cuchillo m knife. cuchufleta f pleasantry, quip. cuello m neck. cuenca f hollow, basin. cuenta f account, accounting; tener en—— bear in mind; darse—— de (not in A.) realize; tomar por su—— take upon one's self (an affair that would normally be another's). cuento m story. cuerda f cord, string. cuerdo sane. cuero m leather. cuerpo m body; corps; de—— entero full-length; estar de—— presente be a corpse at its funeral; a—— de rey in clover. cuestión f question (topic, not inquiry), dispute, altercation, debate. cueva f cave. cuidadito m take mighty good care (con about). cuidadoso careful, cautious; adv. —mente. cuidar t, or i w. de, take care, care for, tend; r regard (de), concern one's self; —do m (tener take) care, anxiety, have a care, be careful, look out, O my, O my what, I must say; estar con—do be apprehensive; estar sin—do have no fears. cuita f trouble, trial. culebra f snake. culebrear i twist and turn, meander (A. 'go making S's'). culminante culminating, capital, transcendent. culpa f fault, (tener, tener la, be to) blame. culpabilidad f blameworthiness, guilt. culpable culpable, guilty, party at fault. cultivar t cultivate. culto civilized; m worship (in broad enough sense to include, without metaphor, the 'worship' of saints). cultura f culture. cumplimiento m fulfillment. cumplir t fulfill; —do m courteous words, act of courtesy. cúmulo m pile. cuna f cradle. cundir i spread (esp. of liquid soaking in and of popular movement). cuñado brother-in-law. cura m pastor, priest; f cure. curar t cure. curia f court; lawyers and court officers. curiosidad f curiosity. curso m course. cuyo whose, of which ('of which' may be indistinguishable from, or confused with, adjectival 'which,' N 24 7). chacó m shako. charla f chatter. charlar i talk (A. 1, 'much and pointlessly'; 2, 'for mere pastime'), chatter. charlatán chatterer, gabbler, prater. charolar t japan. chasquido m whiz, crepitation, click. chaveta f forelock, key; perder la—— c go off one's nut. chico little; boy. chichear i chirrup (A. as token of displeasure, e.g. at theater). chillón strident, shrill. china f pebble. chiquillo d of chico. chirrido m strident noise, scraping, creaking. chisme m (bit of) gossip; gimcrack. chismoso gossiper, gossipy. chispa f spark; acumen, brightness. chispilla f d of chispa. chiste m witticism, joke; facetiousness, wit. chocante clashing, harsh, jarring, repellent, offensive. chocar i strike, hit (con against). chocarrería f (piece of) buffoonery. chocolate m chocolate. chopo m black poplar (tall). choza f hut, booth. chuchería f knickknack. chupar t suck. chusma f gang (when said of respectable people it is 'slang,' A.). D. = Don. dama f lady (f. of caballero). danza f dance; c (ill-contrived) affair, doings, carrying on. dañado evil, wicked. daño m damage, harm, injury. dar t or i give, deal (blows etc. acc. or de); take (a walk etc.); run (one's head against the wall con la cabeza en la pared); land; strike; me da I am taken with, I am taken with a fancy, cf. N 38 6; —— en tierra con floor, swamp, make away with; —— con el cuerpo en get into, come to; —— por consider, deem, take, profess, acknowledge; —— diente con diente have one's teeth chattering. dársena f dock. Darwinismo m Darwinism. dato m datum, item of information. de of, from; made of; one of, among; in; than; w. inf. to; superfluous in phrases like el bueno—— D. Juan; tr. by possessive case, or by attributive use of noun, as sala—— periódicos periodical room; —— fuego all on fire; los—— dentro the persons inside; hay ... de ... there are ... and ...; es—— notar it is to be observed. deán m dean. debajo adv under; prep w. de. debate m debate. deber t owe; ought, should, must, have to, is to; r be due, be the due of; m duty; —— de must in sense of it is presumable; no—— de cannot in the like sense. débil weak. debilidad f weakness. decadencia f decay, decadence. decaer i fall off, deteriorate. decente decent, seemly. decidir t decide. decir t say, tell, utter; es—— that is to say; digámoslo así so to speak; cuando digo que to think that, just think; bien dice is right in saying, is right in thinking, bien decía yo I knew; dicho said, the said, that; mejor dicho one might better say, or rather; dicho se está it goes without saying; con lo cual dicho se está which is as much as to say. decision f decision, determination. declaración f (dar make) declaration. declarar t declare. declinar t decline. decoroso decorous; adv. —mente. decreto m decision, warrant, decree. dedicar t dedicate, devote. dedo m finger. defectillo m little defect. defecto m defect. defender t defend, maintain. defensa f defense. defensor defender. definir t define. definitivo definitive, positive, for good; adv. —mente. deforme misshapen, unsightly. degeneración f degeneracy. degollar t cut the throat of; cut off the head of. degradar t degrade; put out of caste. dehesa f pasture. dejar t leave, let; leave off (de); (w. de and inf.) cease to, fail to, leave un-; —— de la mano let slip, neglect; no—— de, sin—— de, all the same, at any rate; —— hacer let alone, let one do as he will; —se ver show one's self. dejo m leaving; taste left in the mouth; (not in A.) remnant. del = de el. delante before one; —— de before. delantera f front; (the) start (N 12 5). delegación f delegation, authorization. delegado delegate. deleitar t delight; r take delight, go into raptures, feel a gusto. deleite m delight (subjective), gusto. delgado thin, slender. deliberado aforethought, deliberate; adv. —mente. delicadeza f delicacy. delicado delicate (de in). delicia f delight (objective). delincuente delinquent. delirio m delirium. delito m crime. demagogia f ochlocracy, mob rule. demagógico demagogic. demanda f demand. demarcar t delimit, mark off, draw the line. demás other, the rest, anything else, pl anybody else; por lo—— however. demasiado too. demente demented, infatuated, daft. demonche m c (not in A.) devilkins. demonio m demon; euphemistic for devil; váyanse con mil—— s see dios and N 1 17. demostración f demonstration, manifestation. demostrar t demonstrate, manifest. demudar t alter. dentro within, inside; prep. w. de. denunciar t denounce, inform against. deplorable deplorable, lamentable. deplorar t deplore. depositario m depository. depósito m station, store. depurar t purify, get pure. derecha f right, right hand; adv (A. derecho) straight, straight on. derechito d of derecho. derecho straight; right; a—as aright, rightly; m right. derramamiento m shedding. derramar t shed. derretir t melt. derribar t pull down, knock down, strike down, break down. derribo m pulling down. derrochar t squander. derrotar t rout. desacorde out of tune, incongruous; adv. —mente. desacuerdo m disagreement. desafiar t challenge. desafio m challenge. desafuero m misdeed, malefaction. desagradable disagreeable. desagradar t be disagreeable to. desagraviar t make amends to, put one's self right with, appease. desahogar t ease, relieve. desahogo m relief, easement, comfort. desairar t slight; —do ignominious, unseemly. desaire m (hacer show) slight. desalado as fast as his feet will carry him. desaliento m nervelessness. desalmado conscienceless, coldblooded, fiendish. desamparar t leave without protection, cease to stand by; —do unsheltered. desaparecer i disappear. desarmar t disarm. desarrollar t develop. desasir t loose. desasosegar t perturb. desasosiego m perturbation. desastroso untoward, unhappy. desatar t untie. desatino m nonsense, piece of nonsense, act of senselessness. desavenencia f disagreement, disharmony, misunderstanding, jar. desayuno m (light) breakfast. desbancar t supplant (in love etc.), cut out. desbordar i overflow, get beyond bounds. descalzo barefoot; barefooted friar, barefoot brother. descansar i rest. descanso m rest (a from). descarado impudent; adv. —mente. descargar t discharge (at, properly en, contra, sobre; fig. dat.), disburden; bring down (a violent blow). descastar t exterminate; (not in A.) deracialize, unbreed; —do unresponsive to affection etc.; perhaps say surly. descendente descending, down. descender i descend. descolgar t take down (thing hanging). descolorido colorless, pale, pallid. descomponer t decompose; throw into confusion; —uesto indecorous, uncivil. descomunal uncommon. desconcertar t disconcert. desconcierto m discomposure, dissidence, indiscretion. desconfianza f mistrust. desconfiar i be mistrustful, have no confidence (de in). desconocer t be unaware, not recognize; —ido unknown, in the background, covert, stranger. desconsolado broken-hearted, inconsolable; adv. —mente. descontento ill pleased, little pleased, discontented. descortés discourteous. descrédito m discredit, lack of confidence. descreído disbelieving, unbeliever. descreimiento m disbelief, unbelief. describir t describe. descripción f description, describing. descriptivo descriptive. descuartizar t cut into quarters, cut up. descubrir t uncover, expose, discover; al—ierto openly, exposed. descuidar i be careless, be negligent; not worry. descuidillo m little oversight. descuido m oversight. desde prep from, beginning from, since, from ... on; for (length of time past); —— que from the time when, since, as soon as, after. desdén m disdain. desdichado unlucky; c timid, guileless, mollycoddle, easy mark. desear t desire, wish. desechar t reject, lay aside. desembarazar t disencumber, relieve. desempeñar t redeem, clear, fulfill; play (such and such a part). desempeño m carrying out. desenfreno m unbridling; breaking of bounds, license. desengaño m disappointment. desenmascarar t unmask. desenojar t placate, appease, make up with. desenterrar t disinter. desentrañar t disembowel; thresh out (a question). desenvainar t unsheathe. desenvoltura f free-and-easiness, unconstraint. deseñorar t unlady. deseo m desire. desesperación f desperation, fury, utter vexation; despair. desesperar t drive to despair; get out of patience; —do desperate, in despair. desfallecer i grow faint. desfallecimiento m weakening; fainting. desfavorable unfavorable. desfigurar t disfigure, disguise. desgarbado ungraceful, ungainly, uncomely. desgracia f misfortune. desgraciado unlucky. deshecho stormy; agonized. deshonra f dishonor. deshonrar t dishonor. designio m design. desistir i desist, break off, give up. desliz m slip. deslizar i slip, slide. desmayar i grow faint, r faint; —do faint. desmayo m fainting fit, swoon. desmejorar t damage; me desmejora I am the worse for. desmentir t give the lie, impugn. desmerecer i lose, fall ('lose part of its merit or value' A.). desmoralización f demoralization, demoralized condition. desmoralizador demoralizing. desnudo naked, bare. desobedecer t disobey. desobediencia f disobedience. desolación f desolation. desolado desolate. desollar t flay, take off the skin. desorden m disorder. desordenar t disorder. despabilado wide-awake. despacio leisurely, lingeringly, (not in A.) at leisure; gently, go slow. despacito intensive d gently. despachar t dispatch; do for (kill); get off one's hands; —— pronto make quick work (of it), be quick. despacho m office. desparpajo m flippancy. desparramar t sprinkle. despechar t c wean. despedazado dilapidated. despedir t let fly; dismiss, send off; give off, emit; r take leave. despegado ungracious, cold (in manner). despego m coldness. despejado clear, clear-headed; (not in A.) broad. despensa f pantry. despeñadero m precipice. desperdigar t scatter. desperezar r get one's self awake, bring one's self to life, N 131 23. desperfecto m impairment, detriment. despertar t or i wake, awake, wake up. despiadado pitiless, inhuman. despierto awake, up. desplegar t unfold, display. desplome m crashing down. despojar t rob, strip; give up (de). despreciar t despise, treat with contempt. desprecio m contempt, display of contempt. desprender t disengage, sever, break (away). despreocupación f unprejudicedness; (not in A.) recklessness. despreocupado unprejudiced; (not in A.) reckless. desprestigiar t spoil one's reputation. desproporcionado disproportionate, proportionless. despropósito m absurdity, incongruity. después after that, afterward, later, then; —— de after, next to. destacar t detach; r stand out. destinar t destine, intend (a for, to). destinejo m shabby place under the government. destino m(esp. government) job, position. destitución f dismissal (from office etc.). destituir t remove (from office), dismiss, get dismissed. destreza f skill. destrozar t knock to pieces, shatter. destrucción f destruction. destruir t destroy, do away with. desvanecer t dispel; turn one's head; r vanish, evaporate; grow dizzy, one's head swims. desvencijado enfeebled, rickety. desventura f mischance. desvergonzado shameless. desvío m ungraciousness. detallado detailed; adv. —mente. detalle m detail. detener t stop, retain; —idamente deliberately, without hurrying, taking time to go into the matter. detenimiento m deliberation, circumspection, (time spent in) heedfulness, heed. determinación f (tomar come to) resolution. determinar t determine; r make up one's mind. detestable detestable. detractor detractor. detrás de back of; after. detuve see detener. deuda f debt. deudo kinsman, relative. deus L a god; D—— God. devoción f devotion, devotions. devolver t restore, return. devorar t devour. devoto devout, devotional, devoted. día m (de by) day; es de—— it is daytime, it is daylight; en mis—s in my life; cada—— day by day; buenos—s good morning (familiar greeting at any daylight hour); hoy—— at this day. diablo m devil. diablura f deviltry, mischief, devilish trick. diabólico diabolical. dialéctica f dialectic. diálogo m dialogue. diario daily; adv. —mente. dibujar t draw. dibujo m drawing. dice see decir. diciembre m December. dictar t dictate. dicha f happy lot, happiness, good fortune. dicho ptc of decir. dichoso happy, lucky; c plaguy. diente m tooth. diestro skillful. diez ten. diferente diverse, different. difícil difficult, not easy. dificultad f difficulty; objection. difundir t diffuse, shed. dignar r deign, be pleased to. dignidad f dignity, self-respect. digno worthy. digo see decir. dije see decir. dilación f delay. dilatar t prolong. diligencia f diligence; c chore, job, errand. diligente diligent. diluvio m flood, deluge. dinastía f dynasty. dinero m money. dió see dar. dios m god; Dios God, in exclamatory phrases mostly heaven, goodness, gracious, mercy, the force not being usually such as 'God' conveys in Eng.; may designate the sacramental wafer; hombre de D—— man alive; vaya Vd. con D——, quede Vd. con D—— , good-by; todo sea por D—— never mind, I won't complain, God's will be done; de D—— 'c copiously, in great abundance' A.. diplomático diplomatic, diplomat; c sly-boots (de in). diputado m deputy, representative in the Cortes. dirección f direction, course. directo direct, straight; adv. —mente. director director. dirigir t direct, address, guide, superintend; r turn, turn one's steps, address one's self, apply. disciplina f discipline. discorde discordant. discordia f discord, dissension. discreción f discretion. discreto discreet; bright, witty, nimble-witted. disculpable excusable. disculpar t exculpate, exonerate; excuse, make allowance for. discurrir i discourse, reflect, meditate; rove, stray; t think up. discurso m discourse, tract, speech. discusión f discussion. discutir t discuss. disertar i dissert, canvass the question. disforme misshapen; monstrous. disgregar t segregate, part, separate. disgustar t displease. disgusto m annoyance. disimular t dissemble, conceal; —do covert, surreptitious, adv. —mente. disimulo m dissimulation, surreptitiousness. disipar t dispel; r melt away. disonancia f dissonance. disparadero m trigger; en el—— de ready for ... on the slightest impulse. disparar t discharge, fire, let fly (w. person as subject; despedir w. gun etc. as subject); (not in A.) fire on, fire at. disparatado ill-assorted, incongruous. disparate m absurdity, unreasonable thing, (piece of) bosh. dispensar t dispense, excuse, excuse for. dispersar t disperse, scatter. disperso dispersed, scattered. displicencia f coldness, indifference. disponer t arrange, dispose; prepare; direct; —uesto (Gall.?) willing, inclined, ready. disponible available. disposición f disposition; disposal; condition; aptitude; executive ability; en—— in a position, in a condition, able. disputa f dispute. disputar t or i dispute (a thing acc. with a person dat.). disquisición f disquisition. distancia f distance. distante distant, remote. distinguir t distinguish. distinto distinct, adv. —mente; different, adv. de—— modo. distracción f distraction, occupation for the mind, (bit of) absent-mindedness. distraer t distract, divert one's attention; —ido absent-minded. distrito m district. disturbio m disturbance. disuadir t dissuade. ditado obs for dictado dictate. divagar i ramble. diversidad f diversity, variety. diversión f diversion. diverso divers, diverse, various, different. divertir t amuse; —do merry, sportive; amusing; estar—do have a good time. dividir t divide. divino divine. do = donde, N 126 13. doble double, twice as great. doce twelve. docena f dozen. docto learned. doctor doctor (not = médico except c.). doctorcillo little doctor. doctrina f doctrine. documento m document. dogma m dogma. dolor m pain. dolorido pained, woe-begone. doloroso painful, woeful, dolorous. doméstico domestic, (of the) household. domicilio m domicile. dominar t dominate; master. dómine m c dominie, teacher of Latin. domingo m Sunday; D—— Domingo, Dominic. don m (1) Mr., Esq. (title, before Christian name, for any gentleman; señor, before any name, for any man); (2) gift. doncella f maiden, respectable girl; maid. doncellez f virginity. donde where; before inf. of purpose often untr.; en—— where; a—— to what point; de——, desde—— , whence; por dónde how (by what route). Donna Marine French form for Doña Marina. doña f lady; Lady, Madam; cf. don. dorar t gild. dormir i sleep, be asleep; r go to sleep; —do asleep, sleeping. dormitorio m sleeping-room. dos two, a couple of; nos a los—— the two of us. dote m or f dowry, endowment. dragón m dragon. droga f drug. duda f doubt; poner en—— throw doubt upon. dudar i or t doubt. dudoso dubious, doubtful, to be doubted. duende m goblin, spook, bogle. dueño master, owner. dulce sweet, agreeable, mild, complacent. dulzura f sweetness, amenity, pleasantness, gentleness. duque m duke. duquesa f duchess; gran—— grand duchess. duradero lasting, durable. durante during, for. durar i (lo que how long) last (mucho long, poco not long, lo que as long as). dureza f hardness, harshness, sharpness. Durlindana f Durendal, N 167 7. durmiente sleeping, slumbering. durmió see dormir. duro hard, harsh, stern; m duro, peso, dollar. e and (used before i or y). eclesiástico ecclesiastical; m ecclesiastic, churchman. eco m echo; de menos—— that make less noise. echar t throw, emit, pour out, put (de out of), put out, put on, send ('general-utility verb,' Bassett); i take to (por path, a inf.), start; r burst out, take to; —— de menos miss; —la de,—sela de, set up for a; —se a la calle,—se al campo, N 162 1;—— mano a lay hands on. edad f age; E—— Media Middle Ages; de—— elderly. edición f edition. edificación f edification. edificante edifying. edificar t build, build up. edificio m building. educación f education. educar t educate, bring up. efectivo actual, in fact; adv. —mente. efecto m effect; en—— in fact. eficaz efficacious, efficient. egoísmo m egoism. egregio eminent, notable. eh soho, hey. ejecutar t execute. ejemplar exemplary; m copy, specimen. ejemplaridad f (not in A.) dutifulness. ejemplo m example. ejercer t exercise, practice. ejercicio m exercise. ejército m army. el, la, lo, the; lo the ... thing, what is, the—ness; —— 60 '60, in '60; —— de that of, he of, the man with,—'s; lo de that about, the matter of, that of—'s; —— de siete años the seven-year one; las de Cirujeda the Cirujedas (female; Señora de C. and her daughters or sisters); —— que he who, that which; las dos two (o'clock); por lo by being so; lo fuerte que había dicho (his) having spoken so strongly. él, ella, ello, le, la, lo, he, she, it; lo so, sometimes untr.; la, las, N 7 16; ello es it is a fact; los hay there are some; la tiene he has such a thing. elección f election. electoral electoral, of the elections. electricidad f electricity. elegancia f elegance. elegir t select; —do elect. elevación f elevation. elevar t raise, exalt; —do lofty. Elíseo Elysian; Campos—— s (1) Elysian Fields, (2) Champs-Élysées. elocuencia f eloquence. elocuente eloquent. elogiar t eulogize. elogio m eulogy. ella, ello, see él. emanación f emanation. emanar i emanate. embarazo m embarrassment. embarazoso embarrassed, embarrassing. embarcar t embark. [embargo m obs. impediment]; sin—— nevertheless, notwithstanding. embaular t pack in. embelesar t fascinate, absorb, passive be all taken up (with). emblema m sometimes f emblem, device, crest, N 220 6. embrazado on one's arm (shield etc.). embriaguez f drunkenness. embrollar t tangle, tangle up, involve, confuse. eminencia f eminence, eminent man. eminente eminent, distinguished. emisario emissary. emoción f emotion. empalagoso sickening, fulsome. empalme m dovetailing; junction. empaque m air, N 32 21. empaquetar t stow, pack ('in bales, boxes, or other packages (paquetes)' A.). emparentado related, connected (con with, to). empedrar t pave. empeñar t mortgage, obligate; r insist (en on, en que that); mediate. empeño m obligation, eagerness, determination (en, de, to); strong desire. emperador emperor. emperegilar (A. emperejilar) t bedeck, bedizen, dress up finely. empezar t or i begin (por with). empinar t exalt; r tower. emplear t employ, make use of (refers more simply to the thing done, less to its relation as means to an end, than valerse; the accusation that methods are criminal uses emplear 134 16, the defense that the end was good uses valerse 136 18; emplear also in passive where its reflexive synonyms could not be used), spend; —do official, clerk. empleo m employment. empleomanía f craze for office. empolvar t cover with dust. empollar t hatch. emprender t undertake. empujar t push. empuje m push, pushing. empuñar t grasp. en in, into, at, during, among, on; de ...—— from ... to. enamorado in love (de with), lover. enano dwarf, dwarfish. encaje m lace. encaminar t guide, direct; r bend one's steps, make for. encanallamiento m debasement, demoralization. encantador charming, bewitching, entrancing. encantar t charm, enchant. encanto m enchantment. encarar i confront (con). encarecer t put a high value on, cry up, extol, magnify. encargar t charge; order. encargo m commission, order. encarnación f incarnation. encarnado red. encender t set on fire, inflame, light; —ido (very) red, fiery red. encerrar t shut up; lock up, lock one's door. encierro m shutting in, locking up, seclusion, reclusion. encima above, over, over one, on top; prep. w. de, but de—— off from (from on top of). enclavar t nail on; (not in A.) plant. encomiado laudatory, of laudation. encomienda f encomienda, N 192 12. encomio m encomium. encono m dudgeon. encontrar t meet with, hit upon, come upon, find, encounter. encrespar r roughen, rise (sea). encrucijada f street-corner. encubridor concealer; that plays the stalking-horse. encubrir t cover up, screen; —ierto covert. encuentra see encontrar. encuentro m meeting; al—— de, al—— a, to meet. encharcar t flood, cover with water. enderezar t straighten. endiablado c fiendish. enemigo enemy, hostile. enemistad f enmity. energía f energy. enérgico energetic; adv. —mente. enfadar t fret, offend, provoke, anger, get angry. enfado m vexation. enfadoso vexatious. énfasis m or f emphasis. enfático emphatic; adv. —mente. enfermar i fall ill, be taken with disease; t blight, cause disease in. enfermedad f disease, illness. enfermizo sickly, unhealthy. enfermo sick, ill. enfrente facing one, face to face with one (de). enfriar t chill. enfurecer t enrage, infuriate. engañar t deceive, cheat, humbug; r be wrong, be mistaken (A. 'equivocarse'; but at 46 1, 21, equivocarse is the milder term, more courteous to a lady); llevarse —da inveigle. engaño m deceit, fraud; mistake. engañoso deceptive. engendrador generator, parent. engendrar t engender, beget. engolfar i put out to sea (out of sight of land), launch out; t involve, carry away. engordar t fatten, make fat. enjaezar t adorn (a horse). enjambre m swarm (of insects). enjugar t wipe away. enlazar t knot, clasp, link. ennegrecer blacken; r grow black. enojar t anger, provoke; —do angry. enojo m anger, pique, umbrage, indignation (A. 'enojo: emotion which causes ira' and 'ira: passion which moves to indignación y enojo'). enorme enormous, monstrous. enormidad f vastness; enormity. enredadera f twining vine, climber. enredador mischief-maker. enredo m entanglement; fraud, chicanery, trickery; plot. Enriqueta f Henrietta, Harriet. enroscar t curl up. ensalada f salad. ensalzar t exalt, extol. ensanchar t broaden. ensartar t string, string together. enseñanza f instruction, education. enseñar t show, exhibit; teach. enseres m pl implements, furnishings. ensillar t saddle. ensimismado absorbed in one's own thoughts. ensoberbecer t get conceited. ensueño m dream. entablar t set (chessmen), start (business etc.). entalle m ('obs.' A.) carving, relief. entena f lateen yard, N 167 9. entender t understand (words, acc., the sense being catch, take in; affairs, de; also de about); mal —ido mistaken; dar a—— make it understood, give intimations. entendimiento m understanding, intellect, mind. enterar t inform. entereza f integrity; determination. enternecimiento m movement toward tenderness; relenting. entero entire; adv. —mente. enterrar t bury. entonar t pitch, strike up. entonces then. entorpecimiento m stupefaction, dullness; hampering, impediment, check. entrada f entrance. entrambos both. entrañable dear, tender; adv. —mente. entrañas f pl bowels, viscera; de mis—— my own (child). entrar i enter (en of place, por of path; also en upon), go in, run into, come in, come on; t put in; take possession of; me—ó por el ojo derecho I was taken with him. entre between, among, amid; —— los dos etc. between us etc.; —— Ramos y yo Ramos and I between us. entrecortado broken. entregar t hand over, give up. entresacar t pick out. entretener t entertain, amuse; —ido entertaining. entretenimiento m entertainment. entrevista f interview. entristecer t sadden, grieve, cause sadness to. entroncar i marry into the family of (con). entusiasmar t enthuse, get enthusiastic, move to enthusiasm. entusiasmo m enthusiasm. entusiasta enthusiast, enthusiastic. enumeración f enumeration. envalentonado in high feather, in a roistering mood. envanecer t inflate, puff up. envejecer t age, make older. envenenar t poison. enviar t send. envidia f envy. envidiable enviable. envidiar t envy. envidioso envious. envoltorio m roll, bundle (cloth etc.). envolver t wrap (en los dedos around the fingers), wrap up. épico epic, Homeric, heroic. epicúreo Epicurean, epicurean. epigrama m epigram. episcopal episcopal, bishop's, of a bishop's see. época f epoch. equilibrio m equilibrium. equipaje m baggage, luggage. equivaler i be equivalent. equivocación f mistake. equivocar r be mistaken; make a mistake, make mistakes. era verb see ser. era f threshing-floor. ergo tua rura manebunt L so thy fields shall be left thee. erguir t raise (head). erizar r stand on end (hair etc.). ermita f hermit's chapel. errar t miss; r err; —do erring, mistaken, adv. —mente. erróneo erroneous, mistaken. error m error. erudición f erudition. erudito erudite, learned, man of learning. erupción f eruption. es see ser. escabechar t pickle; do for, kill (A. 'in hot blood, usually with steel'). escalera f stairs, stairway. escalón m stair (step). escandalizar t scandalize. escándalo m scandal; row, racket. escapar i escape. escape m escape, hasty flight; a—— at full speed. escarbar t paw, scratch in. escarmentar t chastise. escasear i fail, fall off, give out. escaso scanty, slight. escena f scene. escenario m stage. esclarecido illustrious. escoba f broom. escoger t choose; —ido select, chosen. escolástico scholastic. escollo m reef, sunken rock. esconder t hide, go into hiding; —ido recondite, in hiding. escondite m hiding-place; hide-and-seek. escondrijo m hiding-place, hidden recess. escopeta f gun. escribano m notary public, clerk of court. escribir t write. escritor writer. escritura f writing. escrúpulo m scruple. escrupulosidad f scrupulousness. escrupuloso scrupulous, punctilious. escuadra f square (as tool), T-square, draftsman's triangle. escuadrón m squadron (cavalry, not navy). escuchar t listen to. escudero m squire. escudo m shield. escudriñar t scrutinize, probe. escuela f school. escueto bare. escultor sculptor. escultura f sculpture. escupir i or t spit (on, dat.). escurrir i slide; r slide; slip out. ese, eso, that (where you are; what you speak of; you know what; or less remote than aquel); N 1 9; eso es that's it, that's right, just so; a eso de (of hour) about. esencia f essence. esfera f sphere. esforzar r endeavor, strive (a, en, por, to); —do valiant. esfuerzo m effort, endeavor. esgrimir t ply (as sword in fencing); say level at one. esmerado careful, scrupulous, attentive, fine. esmero m nicety. espacio m space. espada f sword. espalda f mostly pl back (above waist); de—— s from behind; por la—— in the back. espantable 'espantoso' A.; 125 31 of remoter hearsay, espantoso 50 12, 98 7, of observed or accredited fact. espantar t frighten. espanto m fright. espantoso frightful. España f Spain. español Spanish, Spaniard. españolismo m Spanishness. espartano Spartan. especie f sort (esp. in phrase una—— de), species; (loose) statement, story. espectáculo m spectacle. espejo m mirror. espejuelos m pl spectacles. espera f faculty of waiting, self-restraint. esperanza f hope; expectation. esperar t hope, expect; await, wait for; i wait; tan—do so long-awaited. espeso dense. espesura f density; thicket, mass (of trees etc.). espiar t spy on, shadow. espigar r shoot up (young person in growth); treated as passive in 86 23. espina f thorn. espinazo m spine, backbone. espionaje m; espionage, spying. espiritismo m Spiritualism. espíritu m spirit, genius. espiritual spiritual. espléndido splendid. esplendor m splendor. esplendoroso resplendent. espolear t put the spurs to. espolique m running footman. esponja f sponge. espontaneidad f spontaneity. esposo husband; also, according to A., betrothed. espuela f spur. esquela, esquelita, f billet, note. esquila f (good, bell-shaped) (cow-) bell. esquilón m bell (calling the clergy; smaller than campana). esquina f corner (outside). est L is, there is, he etc. is. establecer t establish, fix, post. establecimiento m establishment. estación f station. estado m estate, state, condition; —— mayor staff. estambre m warp; (a certain quality of) wool, yarn; staple. estampa f stamp, type; print; dar a la—— have printed. estampido m bang, crash. estancar t obstruct (stream); —do stagnating. estancia f quarters, room. estanque m pond. estante m bookcase. estar i be (especially at a given time) (que so that); not auxiliary of passive; r stay; —— a visitar be visiting; ¿—mos? see? understand? estatua f statue. estatura f stature. este, esto, this; the latter; N 1 9. este m east. Esteban m Esteban, Stephen. estepa f steppe. estera f mat. Estigio Stygian. estigma m stigma. estilar r be in style. estilo m style. estimable estimable, esteemed. estimar t esteem, appreciate. estimular t stimulate. estirar t stretch. estorbar t interfere with (le ... que hablase his talking), bother, disturb. estrago m (sg or pl) havoc. estrangular t strangle. estrategia f strategy. estratégico strategic; (not in A.) strategic in loose sense, crafty, wily. estrechar t compress, press. estrecho narrow, close, tight. estrella f star. estremecer t shake; r shudder, start. estrépito m din, crash, uproar. estrepitoso ear-splitting, uproarious. estribillo m refrain. estribo m stirrup. estridente strident, grating. estropicio m smash (of crockery etc.); catastrophe (more noisy than serious, A.). estrujar t squeeze. estudiar t study. estudio m study; nicety. estudioso studious, student, academic. estupefacto dumfounded. estupendo tremendous. estupidez f stupidity. estúpido stupid. estupor m stupor; bewilderment. estuve see estar. eterno eternal; adv. —mente. etiqueta f etiquette, ceremoniousness. evadir r slip off, make one's escape. evangélico (of the) gospel. evangelio m gospel. evidente evident. evitar t avoid, obviate, get clear of, ward off (from, dat.). evocar t evoke, call up. exactitud f exactness, preciseness. exacto exact, accurate; adv. —mente. exageración f exaggeration, extravagance. exagerar t or i exaggerate. exaltación f exaltation, thrill. exaltar t exalt; —do impassioned, passionate. examinar t examine. exánime lifeless. exceder t or de exceed, go beyond. excelente excellent, the best of. exceptuar t except. excesivo excessive; adv. —mente. excitación f excitation, excitement. excitar t excite, provoke, stimulate. exclamación f (dar utter) exclamation. exclamar t exclaim. exclaustración f suppression of a monastery; la—— suppression of the monasteries. exclusivo exclusive; adv. —mente. excursión f excursion. excusa f excuse. excusar t excuse; avoid, forbear; r make one's excuses (con to). exento exempt, devoid. exhalación f exhalation; bit of breath. exhalar t breathe out. exhibición f exhibition. exigir t demand (dat. of). existencia f existence. existente existing, in existence. existir i exist. éxito m success. expansión f opening out, broadening out. expansivo expansive, unreserved, open-hearted; adv. —mente. expectativa f expectation (A. of getting something or attaining an object, otherwise esperanza or, intenser, expectación). expediente m expedient; (judicial) proceeding in chambers; the papers (of a case at law etc.); cubrir el—— make up a full set of papers, c save appearances. expeler t expel. experiencia f experience. experimentar t experience. experto expert. explanar t level (ground); fig. = explicar. explicación f explanation. explicar t explain, make clear. explícito explicit. exploración f exploration. explorar t explore. explotar t exploit. exponer t set forth; expose. exposición f exposition. expresar t express. expresión f expression; utterance, words; pl (my etc.) regards. expresivo expressive. expulsar t expel, have expelled. expulsión f expulsion. extender t extend, stretch out, stretch. extensión f extension, expanse, extent. exterior adj and m exterior, outside. exterminio m extermination. extiende see extender. extirpación f extirpation. extirpar t extirpate. extranjero foreign, foreigner; m (Gall.?) foreign countries. extrañar t wonder at. extraño strange; alien; queer. extraordinario extraordinary, extreme, exceptional. extravagante extravagant. extraviar r go astray. extremeño Estremaduran. extremo extreme; m extremity fábrica f manufacture, factory, building, structure. fábula f fable. fabulear is not a word; say lusion. fabuloso fabulous. facción f insurrection, insurgent party, insurgents; feature. faccioso mutinous, seditious. fácil easy, ready; adv. —mente. facultad f faculty. facundia f facundity, flow of words. facha f c looks, cut. faena f toil, business. falda f skirt. falderillo m little lap-dog. falsear t counterfeit, adulterate, sophisticate, falsify. falsedad f falsity, fallacy (A. '1, lack of truth; 2, lack of conformity between words, ideas, and things'). falso false. falta f lack, absence, default, shortcoming, misdemeanor, dereliction, thing wrong; —— de respeto disrespect; sin—— without fail; hacer—— be (buena badly) wanted, be needed; me hace—— I need to be supplied with, I am in want of; poner—— s find fault. faltar i be lacking, fail to come; there is lack of; there is no (no creas que falta more euphonious than no creas que no hay); neglect what is due; falta a X. X. lacks, X. is without, X. is deficient in, X. is short of; no te falta más que the only thing you have left undone is, the next thing will be; similarly es lo que falta, begin translation with 'that'; (pues) no—ba más of course, naturally, most certainly. faltriquera f pocket. fama f fame, (de by) reputation (cf. reputación); F—— Rumor. familia f family. familiar familiar. familiaridad f familiarity. famoso famous, renowned, notorious. fanal m (lighthouse-)light; (lamp-) globe. fanegada f fanegada, N 7 13. fango m mud (the 'glutinous' kind, A.). fantasía f fancy, fantasy. fantasma m phantasm, phantom. fantasmón m augm hobgoblin. fardo m bale; (not in A.) load. farmacia f pharmacy. farol m lantern. farolillo m little street-lamp. farsa f (hacer act, carry on) farce; guile, chicane. fascinación f fascination; hypnotism fig.. fascinar t smite with the evil eye, overlook (N 118 24; hypnotize fig.. fastidioso distasteful, offensive. fatalidad f fatality. fatiga f fatigue. fatigar t weary. fatuidad f fatuity, stupidity. fatuo coxcomb; numskull. favor m favor. favorecer t favor, protect, help. faz f face (mostly fig.). fe f faith. febrero m February. febril feverish. fecha f date. fechoría f deed ('in mala parte' A.), piece of bad business; hacer una—— do something bad. felicidad f happiness. felino feline. Felipe m Felipe, Philip. feliz happy, lucky; adv. —mente. felonía f felony. femenil feminine. fenicio Phoenician. fénix m phoenix. fenómeno m phenomenon. feo ugly, unsightly, ill-favored, bad-looking, unseemly. Ferdinand Cortez French for Hernando Cortes, modern Hernán Cortés. feria f fair, market. feroz savage, truculent. férreo iron; via-a railway line. ferro m iron; fig. steel. ferrocarril m railway. fervor m fervor. fervoroso fervent. festivo gay, jovial; adv. —mente. feudalismo m feudalism. fiambre m cold food, cold lunch. fiar t or i go security, give on credit, intrust, trust (a, de, to). fibra f fiber. ficción f fiction. ficticio fictitious. fiebre f fever. fiel trustworthy; (Catholic) good Christian, believer. fielato m fielato, office of the octroi on eatables. fiero ferocious, savage; adv. —mente. fiesta f feast, festival, festivity; joke, pl joking; por fin de—— to top off with. figura f shape, figure; face; character (i.e. person in a drama); style. figurar i figure; r imagine; se me figura I fancy, it strikes me. figurilla, figurita f little figure; little image. figurón m comedy star. fijar t fix (en on), consolidate; r fix one's eyes. fijo fixed. fila f rank (not file). filiación f sonship. filípica f philippic. filosofía f philosophy. filosófico philosophic. filosofismo m pseudo-philosophy, philosophism. filósofo m philosopher. fin m or f end; poner—— a make an end of; en—— in fine, finally, come now, well, in short, after all; por—— finally; al—— at last; al—— y al cabo sooner or later, when all's done; a—— de in order (to), conj. w. que; con este—— to this end, with this intention. final final. finca f real estate, property. finchado conceited, pretentious. fingir t pretend, feign. fino fine; slender; polished. finura f fineness, elegance. firmar t sign (one's name). firme firm, resolute. firmeza f firmness. fiscal fiscal. físico physical; m physique. fisiognómico physiognomic, facial. fisonomía f physiognomy. flaco lean. flamenco Flemish (etc., see inglés), loosely Dutch etc.. flaquear i weaken. flaqueza f weakness. flemático phlegmatic; adv. —mente. flexibilidad f flexibility. flor f flower. florecer i flourish. florero m (flower-)vase; flower-pot; flower-window, etc.. floresta f park, grove, lea, garden. florido flowery, florid. flote m flotation; a—— afloat. flujo m flux. foca f seal (marine animal). fogosidad f fieriness. fogoso fiery, ardent. follaje m foliage; (aggregation of) frippery. fomentar t foment. fomento m fomentation, tending, promotion; Ministerio de F—— Department of Development (agriculture, commerce, industry, public works, and, in the nineteenth century, schools). fonda f inn. fondo m bottom; character at bottom. forastero outsider. forma f form, shape. formal formal, regular, serious; (not in A.) well-behaved (e.g. child). formalito d of formal. formar t form, shape, institute, make up. formidable formidable. fórmula f formula, formal expression; por—— as a matter of form, pro forma. formular t formulate. foro m forum; the courts. forro m coating, lining. fortalecer t strengthen, confirm, brace up. fortuna f fortune, good luck. forzar i force; (Gall.?) strain. forzoso compulsory, inevitable. fosforito, fósforo, m match. fracasar i be wrecked, go to pieces, come to nothing, make a failure. frágil fragile. fragmento m fragment. francés French (etc., cf. inglés). Francia f France. franco frank (dat. with), unreserved, undisguised, candid; leal, stanch; adv. —mente. franqueza f frankness, straightforwardness. frase f phrase, phraseology. Frasquito m irregular d of Francisco. fraternal brotherly, sisterly. frecuencia f frequency. frecuentar t frequent. frecuente frequent; adv. —mente. fregado m dish-washing; ser lo mismo para un—— que para un barrido be ready for anything (for a fight or a frolic, for anything from preaching to fiddling, etc.). frenesí m frenzy. frenético frenzied, frantic. freno m bridle. frente f forehead; front; —— a facing, face to face with; el uno—— al otro face to face; hacer—— a confront; —— por—— directly opposite; de—— flatly, point-blank, categorically. fresca f bit of plain speaking, blunt thing (said); decir cuatro—— s speak one's mind a bit. fresco cool; fresh; pink-and-white. frescura f freshness. frío adj or m cold; cool, adv. —mente. frisar i approach (en), verge. frivolidad f freakishness, frivolousness. frívolo freakish, volatile. frondosidad f leafage. frondoso leafy. frontis, frontispicio, m front, façade. frotamiento m rubbing. frugal frugal. fruncir t pucker, contract. fruta f fruit (as food, esp. for pleasure). fruto m fruit (in broad senses), product, profit. fué see ser, ir. fuego m fire, flames; as command = Eng. imperative verb; pl firing, shots. fuente f spring, source. fuentecilla f (little) spring. fuera adv outside; away with; —— de out of, outside, besides, aside from, off from; hacia—— outward. fuero m law; chartered privilege, chartered right. fuerte strong, vigorous, stout, decided; adv. —mente tight; almorzar—— take a hearty breakfast. fuerza f (sg or pl) force (superior compulsive, coercive), strength, might; es—— I (etc.) cannot but; —— es decirlo it must be said. fuga f flight. fugaz fugacious, momentary. fugitivo fugitive, fleeting, in flight. fulano so-and-so. fulgor m radiance, glare. fulminante fulminating, foudroyant; gritó—— thundered. fumar i smoke. función f function; pageant, show. funcionar i act (in one's proper capacity), work (of mechanism etc., i), go (same sense), perform one's functions. funcionario m functionary. fundar t found, base. fúnebre funereal. funesto baleful. furgón m car (freight or baggage). furia f fury. furibundo furious, of fury. furioso in a fury, infuriated. furor m fury (not in mythological sense). fusilar t shoot (as a form of capital punishment). fusilería f musketry, rifles. gabán m frock coat; overcoat. gabinete m cabinet; sitting-room; study. gafa f can-hook; pl (spectacle-) bows, spectacles (with bows). gala f gala costume, finery, magnificence; pink, paragon. galán m gallant, beau. galera f wagon; galley. galería f gallery, (lighted) corridor. galgo m greyhound. galón m braid (woolen, silk, or gold), gold lace. galopar i gallop. gallardo jaunty; adv. —mente. gallardía f a (polished) air. gallina f hen. gallo m cock. gana f appetite, hankering (de for); de buena—— willingly, like to; me da la—— I feel like (it), N 38 6. ganancia f profit; thing (in sense of profit, w. good or bad). ganar t gain, win, earn; excel, surpass (a in, in being). garabato m hook, pothook, scrawl. garbanzo m chick-pea, gram. garganta f throat. garra f (strictly paw or foot armed with claws, A.) pl talons. garza f heron (real great, 'the' heron of falconry etc.). Gasparón m augm of Gaspar (Gaspar, Jasper). gastar t spend; (of 'personal objects') have, use, wear (habitually); wear away, lose. gatuperio m mess, muddle, rats'-nest. gaznate m larynx. gemir i groan. generación f generation. general adj or m general. género m kind, race. generosidad f generosity. generoso generous, chivalrous. genial genial; m not in A. spirit, bent. genio m genius. gente f people, folks, family, (una a set of) followers, men; pl peoples, folks. gentileza f (genteel) tone. gentuza f depr pack, gang. geografía f geography. geógrafo geographer. geología f geology. geométrico geometrical. Geórgicas f pl Georgics. gérmen m germ. gesta f obs gest. gesto m gesture. gineta (A. jineta) f the gineta style of horsemanship (Moorish; short stirrups). ginete (A. jinete) m horseman. giro m turn. globo m globe; (—— aerostático) balloon. gloria f glory, credit, fame. glorieta f (A. open space in garden, usually with a) summer-house, arbor. glorioso glorious, illustrious. gobernador governor. gobernar t govern, manage. gobierno m government. goce m enjoyment. golpe m blow; (light golpe) tap; de—— y porrazo off-hand. gongorismo m Gongorism, N 22 27. gordo big. gorigori m c term popularly used in referring to the doleful chant of funerals A.. gorra f (outdoor) cap. gorrete m d of gorro (indoor) cap. gota f drop. gozar t enjoy (acc. or de); r joy. gozo m joy. gozoso rejoiced. grabar t engrave. gracejo m pleasantry, waggery. gracia f grace; pl (dar return) thanks; dar—— s a thank; Ministerio de G—— y Justicia Department of Grace and Justice (i.e. religion and courts). graciado obs. = gracioso, or generous. graciosidad f winsomeness, loveliness. gracioso winsome; witty, (not in A.) funny. grado m degree; grade; in special phrases will, willingness, pleasure. graduar t grade, graduate. gramática f grammar; Latin. grana f cochineal, carmine; kermes, crimson. granado prominent; lo más—— the foremost people. gran[de] large, big, great; grandee; adv. —mente. grandecito biggish. grandeza f greatness. grandioso grand, magnificent. gratitud f gratitude. grato gratifying, pleasing. grave serious, important, sober; adv. —mente. gravedad f gravity, sedateness, composure; seriousness, importance. graznar m unmelodious carol. gredoso of fuller's earth. Gregorio m Gregory (San—— here likelier Pope Gregory I or VII than an Eastern saint). gresca f racket, rumpus, squabble. grieta f crack. grima f the creeps. gritar t cry, call out, shout. grito m cry, loud cry; a—— ~s clamorously. grosero coarse, gross, ungentlemanly. grotesco grotesque. gruñido m grunt, growl. gruñir t grunt, growl. grupa f croup (of horse). grupo m group. guapeza f gallantry. guapo smart, pretty. guarda warden, custodian. guardar t guard, keep (r to one's self), maintain; r take care, look out (de not to, for). guardia f guard (civil N 9 29); m guardsman, guard; en—— on guard, ready (in mind and attitude). guarismo m figure (Arabic), number (written in figures). guedeja f mane; strand, mass (of long hair). guerra f war. guerrero warlike, warrior. guerrillero guerrilla. guía guide. guiar t guide, be the guide of. guitarrillo m guitarrillo, N 90 5. gusanera f wormery, nest of worms, mass of worms, breeding-place of worms; c (assumed site of) ruling passion (le dió en la—— it touched his hobby and stirred him up). gusanito m tiny worm. gusano m worm. gustar t taste; i please, take pleasure (de in), like to; me gusta I like. gusto m taste; pleasure; a—— at one's ease; de ...—— in ... taste; de mi—— to my taste, pleasing to me. Habana f Havana. haber t have; im (w. present ind. hay) there is, there is such a thing as; —— de must, should, am to, will be the one to; qué he de what reason is there why I should; cómo ha de ser how can one help it; hay que we have to, you ought to, etc..; no hay que don't, you can't, it's no good to, there is no; but hay ... que there is ... to, todo cuanto hay que ser everything that there is, everything that one can be; le hay there is (one, some); hay para there is enough for; no hay para qué there is no occasion to; lo que hay es the fact is. hábil able, expert. habilidad f expertness, skill. habitabilidad f inhabitableness. habitación f apartment. habitante inhabitant. habitar i reside. hábito m garb (esp. religious); habit. habitual habitual. habituar t habituate. habla f speech. hablador talkative. hablar i or t speak, talk, talk to, speak with; talk over; in certain locutions say. hablillas f pl gossip, town talk, twaddle. habría see haber. hacendoso industrious. hacer t make, do (de with), commit; put (question); habituate, accustom; play; r imperative play ... will you? im be (of weather etc.); —— como que,—— que, make a pretense of; hecho mature; estar hecho be made into, have grown to be; hace un año a year ago, for a year past. hacia toward;-ward. hacienda f estate, property. hachazo m blow of an ax. halagar t fondle, flatter, tickle, please. hálito m puff of vapor. hallar t find; r be (at a given time; A. 'estar'). hambre m hunger. hambriento hungry; hungry fellow. harapiento ragged; tatterdemalion. harpía f harpy. harto sated, full (of food); enough ('or too much' A.); quite; estar—— have had enough; estar—— de saber know as well as one wants to. hasta until, to, even, (the) very, everything down to, so far as; conj. w. que;—— donde so far as, as far as; —— dónde how far; —— lo sumo in the highest degree; in —— no estar, 173 19, either render hasta so long as (w. ind.) or reckon no as untr.. hastiar t disgust. hastío m repugnance, disgust. hay see haber. hazaña f exploit. he interjection is. hebra f needleful of thread. hecho ptc of hacer; m fact, deed, act, overt act. hechura f make, build. helar t freeze; —do icy, chilly. hembra f female. henchir t fill, cram. hercúleo herculean. heredar t inherit. heredero heir. hereje heretic. herejía f heresy. herejote violently heretical. herencia f inheritance. herida f wound. herir t strike, smite, wound. hermano brother. hermoso beautiful, lovely, handsome; adv. —mente. hermosura f beauty. héroe m hero. heroico heroic. heroína f heroine. heroísmo m heroism. herradura f horseshoe. herramienta f tool. hice see hacer. hidalgo hidalgo, gentleman (of ancestry), high-minded. hidalguía f high-mindedness. hiel f gall. hielo m ice, frost, freezing cold. hierático hieratic. hierba or yerba f herb, herbage. hierrecillo m bit of iron. hierro m iron; bar; fig. steel. higiénico hygienic. hijo son; (in address) dear man. hilera f row, file. hilo m thread; (fine) wire. hinchazón f swollenness, swell, swelling. hinojo m (de on one's) knee. hiperbólico hyperbolical, hyperbolist; adv. —mente. hipocondria f moody nervousness, moodiness, not exactly 'hypochondria'. hipocresía f hypocrisy. hipócrita hypocrite, hypocritical. hipoteca f mortgage. hispano Spanish (Latinistic form). historia f history. historiador historian. histórico historic. hizo see hacer. hogar m home. hoja f leaf; sheet (of paper); blade. hojalata f tin (i.e. tin plate). hojear t turn the leaves of. hola hallo. holgazán loafer, idler; loafing. hombre m man. hombro m shoulder. homicidio m homicide. hondo deep, deep-seated; adv. —mente; m depths; cf. profundo. hondura f depth (deep place). honor m honor (mainly objective). honra f honor (mainly subjective). honradez f honesty. honrar t honor;—do honest. honroso honorable. hora f hour, o'clock; es—— de it is time for; en buen—— well and good; N 35 26. horaciano Horatian, from Horace. Horacio m Horace. horario m hour-hand. horizonte m horizon. hormiguero m ant-hill. horrendo horrid, hideous, repulsive. horrible hideous, horrible. horror m horror. horrorizar t horrify, make shudder; r shudder. horroroso horrible, revolting. horticultura f horticulture. hospitalario hospitable. hospitalidad f hospitality. hostia f host (consecrated wafer). hostilidad f hostility. hoy to-day; —— por—— at present, as things are. hoyo m pit; grave. hoz f sickle; meter la—— en mies ajena meddle with other people's business. hube see haber. hueco hollow; grandiloquent, bombastic. huérfano orphan. huerta f (large) garden. hueso m bone; la sin—— one's tongue. huésped guest. hueste f host. huir i flee, take flight, run away, shun (de); hacer—— drive away, dispel. hullero (bituminous-) coal-bearing. humano human; adv. —mente. humareda f a smoke. humedad f moisture. humedecer t moisten; r grow moist. húmedo moist, damp. humildad f humility. humilde humble; adv. —mente. humillación f humiliation. humo m smoke; (esp. pl.; echar put on) airs, conceit. humor m (tener be in a) humor; de mal—— put out, grumpy, grumpily. hundir t sink, bury, thrust. iconoclasta Iconoclast; (not in A.) iconoclast. ictericia f jaundice. ida f going. idea f (buena good 161 25, worthy 16129) idea. ideal m ideal. idealismo m idealism. idear t have the idea of, think of. idilio m idyl. idolatrar t idolize. ídolo m idol. iglesia f church. ignorancia f ignorance. ignorante ignorant, ignoramus. ignorar t be ignorant, not know. ignoto unknown. igual equal; al—— de on an equality with. igualar t equate, equalize; i equal (dat.). igualdad f equality, identity. ilógico illogical. iluminar t light up, illuminate, enlighten. ilusión f illusion. ilusorio illusory. ilustrar t enlighten. ilustre illustrious, distinguished; Su I—ísima his grace, his highness, his lordship. ille etc. 54 3, 4. L the other [sort of queen bee, according to Vergil] shaggy with idleness, and ignobly dragging a broad abdomen. imagen f image. imaginación f imagination. imaginar t conceive, think up, get up the idea. imaginario imaginary. imantar t magnetize. imitar t imitate. impaciencia f impatience. impacientar r grow impatient. impaciente impatient. imparcial impartial; adv. —mente. impedir t hinder, prevent (person dat., thing acc.). imperio m empire. imperioso imperious, peremptory; adv. —mente. impertinente irrelevant, intrusive, ungracious. imperturbabilidad f imperturbability. imperturbable imperturbable. impetrar t beseech. ímpetu m impetus, rush; impetuosity; ardor. impetuoso impetuous. impiedad f impiety. impío impious. implacable implacable; adv. —mente. imponente imposing. imponer t impose; inform. impopularidad f unpopularity. importancia f (dar attach, darse give one's self the air of) importance. importante important. importar i be important, be of consequence, matter. importuno ill-timed, out of place, obtrusive. imposible impossible. imposición f imposition, dictation. impregnar t impregnate. imprenta f printing, press. imprescindible indispensable. impresión f impression. impresionar t impress. imprevisto unforeseen. imprimir t print. impropio improper, not proper (de for). improvisar t improvise. improviso unexpected; de—— unexpectedly, suddenly; contrast de—— descriptive, 63 29, 174 26, with de repente and de súbito marking a break in the chain of events, 63 26, 174 32. imprudente imprudent. impulsar t impel. impulso m impulse. impunemente with impunity. in L in. inadvertido inadvertent; adv. —mente. inamovible irremovable. inapreciable priceless. inaudito unheard-of. incapacidad f incapacity. incapaz incapable. incendio m conflagration. incidente m incident. incitar t incite, stir. inclinación f inclination. inclinar t incline (a to, toward), bend over, bow. incluso including. incoherencia f incoherence. incoherente incoherent. incomodar t put out, annoy. incomparable incomparable. incomunicación f: en—— cut off from communication. inconsiderado inconsiderate. incontrastable irresistible. incontrovertible incontrovertible, unimpeachable. inconveniente improper, uncongenial, troublesome, a nuisance. incorporar t join. incorruptible incorruptible. incredulidad f incredulity. inculcar t jam, crowd; inculcate. incurable incurable. incurrir i run into, get into (en). indagar t trace out. indecible unspeakable. indeciso undecided. indefinible indefinable. indemnizar t indemnify. independencia f independence. indicar t betoken, give token of, indicate; (not according to A.) remark. índice m index. indicio m indication, presumptive evidence, hint. indiferencia f indifference. indiferente indifferent. indignado indignant. indignidad f unworthiness, act of baseness; indignity. indigno unworthy. indirecto indirect; adv. —mente. indispensable indispensable. individual individual (adj.), individual's. individuo m individual, person. índole f nature. indolencia f negligence, indolence, inaction. inducir t induce. inductivo inductive (pertaining to induction). inductor induction, inductive (what induces). indudable unquestionable; adv. —mente. indulgente indulgent. indultar t pardon. industria f industry. industrial industrial. inédito unpublished. inefable ineffable, unspeakable. ineludible ineludible, that cannot be dodged, that there is no eluding. inepto unfit, incapable (para of); doltish. inerte inert. inestimable inestimable. inexperto inexpert. inexplicable inexplicable, unaccountable. infalibilidad f infallibility. infame infamous, despicable, scamp, scamp of a, wretch. infamia f infamy. infantil babyish, puerile. infecundidad f unproductiveness. infecundo unfruitful. infeliz luckless; luckless man etc., poor thing, wretch; a soft, a well-meaning man; N 145 17. inferior inferior, lower, under. infernal of hell, hellish. infestar t infest (de with). infiel infidel. infierno m hell. infinito infinite, an infinity of. inflamar t inflame, fire; r burn, glow. influencia f influence. influir i have an influence, be concerned. influjo m influencia A.. informe m news, report, intelligence. infranqueable A. hard to clear the way over; Gall. impassable. infundir t inspire (ánimo a mí, en mí, me with courage, courage in me), infuse into. ingeniero m engineer (de caminos civil; civil includes civil, mechanical, mining, etc., all but military). ingenio m genius. ingenioso ingenious. ingenuidad f ingenuousness, naivete. ingenuo ingenuous, candid; adv. —mente. ingertar (A. injertar) graft. ingerto (A. injerto) m graft, grafted tree. Inglaterra f England. inglés English, Englishman; pl English, Englishmen, English people. inhabitable uninhabitable. inherente inhering. iniciativa f initiative. inicuo iniquitous, unrighteous, unconscionable. iniquidad f foul play, (gross) injustice. injuria f insult, contumely. injuriar t abuse, treat offensively. injusticia f injustice. injustificado unjustifiable. injusto unjust. inmediación f immediateness; pl immediate neighborhood, environs. inmediato contiguous, immediate, next; adv. —mente. inmejorable faultless. inmensidad f immensity. inmenso immense, vast, measureless. inmigración f immigration. inmodestia f egotism, lack of modesty. inmortal immortal. inmóvil immobile, motionless. inmundo unclean, foul. inmutable changeless. innegable undeniable. innoble ignoble. innumerable innumerable. inocencia f innocence. inocente innocent. inodoro odorless. inofensivo inoffensive. inolvidable unforgetable. inopinado unthought-of, unexpected. inquebrantable unbreakable, unyielding. inquieto uneasy. inquietud f disquietude, uneasiness. inquirir t inquire into, ferret out, probe (cf. inquisición). inquisitorial inquisitorial, Inquisition-like. insaciable insatiable. insecto m insect. inseguro insecure, unsure, unsettled. insensato senseless, unreasonable. insensible insensitive, insensible. insere etc. N 51 17. insigne eminent, notable. insignificante insignificant, unimportant. insinuación f insinuation; exordium (for precise rhetorical sense see insinuation in an unabridged Eng. dictionary). insistencia f insistence, persistency. insistir i insist (en on), persist. insolencia f insolence, impudence, insolent thing. insolente insolent. insoportable insupportable, unbearable. inspiración f inspiration. inspirar t inspire. instalar t install. instancia f urgency; process (of lawsuit); de primera—— of primary jurisdiction, of the lower court. instante m (al on the) instant, moment. instintivo instinctive; adv. —mente. instituto m institute. instrucción f education. instruir t instruct, educate. instrumento m instrument; document. insubordinación f insubordination. insultar t insult. insulto m insult. insurrección f insurrection. insurreccional (Gall.?) insurrectional. intachable irreproachable, faultless. intelectual intellectual. inteligencia f intelligence, understanding. inteligente intelligent. intención f intention, movement toward (de), design; decir con—— say meaningly. intensidad f intensity. intenso intense. intentar t have a mind to; try. intento m intent. interés m interest, concern, business interest. interesante interesting. interesar t interest, concern; r take an interest (por in). interior interior, inward; en su—— inwardly. interlocutor interlocutor. interno inside. interpelar t interrogate, question, challenge. interpretación f interpretation. interpretar t interpret. interrumpir t interrupt. intervención f intervention. intervenir i intervene. intimación f intimation. intimar i have intimacy, be intimate. intimidar t intimidate. íntimo intimate. intolerable unendurable. intranquilo ill at ease. intrepidez f intrepidity. intriga f intrigue. intrigante intriguer. introducir t introduce. intruso intruding. inundar t inundate, flood. inusitado unusual. inútil useless, to no purpose; adv. —mente. invadir t invade. invasión f invasion. invasor invader, invasive. inventar t invent, make up. inverosímil improbable, unlikely, unplausible. investigación f investigation. invisible invisible. invocación f invocation. invocar t call on, invoke. ir i go; w. gerund or ptc. be, keep, be coming to; r be going, go away; —— bien be all right; voy a am going to, shall, will; no vayas a don't go and; allá voy I'm coming, N 122 14; mucho va de X. a Y. Y. is very different from X.; vamos come on, come, well; vaya O dear, all right, come, there; vaya con lo que sale Vd. what an idea that is that you are springing, a fine idea etc.; allá se va (w. dat.) comes to about the same (as). ira f wrath, anger. iracundia f irascibility. irguió see erguir. ironía f irony. irónico ironical; adv. —mente. irradiar t radiate. irreconciliable irreconcilable. irrecusable unimpeachable, undeniable. irregularidad f irregularity, abnormality. irreligiosidad f irreligiousness. irresistible irresistible. irrespetuoso disrespectful. irreverencia f irreverence. irrisorio ludicrous. irritación f irritation. irritante irritating. irritar t irritate. irrupción f irruption, inburst, invasion. islamismo m Islam, Mohammedanism. izquierda f left, left hand. izquierdo left. jaca f pony. jamás never (more emphatic than nunca). jaqueca f megrim, (esp. one-sided) headache. jaula f cage. jefe m chief, commanding officer. Jerusalén f Jerusalem. Jesús m Jesus; exclamation goodness, gracious, or other attribute of God. jofaina f wash-basin. jornada f day (as a body of events). José m José, Joseph (esp. the Virgin's husband). joven young, young man. jovencito, jovenzuelo, young fellow, young chap, youngster. jovial jovial, gay; adv. —mente. jovialidad f joviality, gayety. Juan Juan, John; —— Lanas (lana wool) c easy mark. jubileo m jubilee. júbilo m glee, rejoicing. judicial judicial. juego m play, sport; gambling; —— de manos handling (the person), horse-play. juez judge. jugador player, gambler. jugar i play (al at or untr.), gamble. jugo m juice, moisture. juguete m plaything, toy. juicio m judgment; trial, hearing; senses. juicioso sensible, well-balanced. junco m rush. junio m June. juntar t get together, conjoin. juntillo d of junto; a pie—— as (of jumping) close-footed; (of belief) firmly, implicitly. junto together; adv. —mente jointly, in combination; —— a near, close to, by. jurado m jury. juramento m oath. jurar (t seriously, i profanely) swear. jurisconsulto m counselor at law. jurisprudencia f jurisprudence, the law (as science). justicia f justice; court. justiciada f nonce-word stroke of justice. justificar t justify. justo just, exact; adv just, exactly, precisely; adv. also —mente. juvenil juvenile, youthful. juventud f youth (time of life, or collective). juzgado m court. juzgar t judge, judge of. kilómetro m kilometer. la see el, él. laberinto m labyrinth. labio m lip. labor m work, farm work; casa de—— farm-hand's cabin. labrador farmer. labrar t work in; farm; plow; work (t.), past wrought. labriego peasant. lacedemonio Lacedaemonian. lacónico laconic; adv. —mente. ladino crafty, wily. ladito nominally d of lado; practically, a un—— d of a un lado. lado m (a to, at, on; hacia to, toward) side; dejar a un—— put aside, let alone, let pass. ladrido m bark. ladrillo m brick. ladrón robber; thievish. lago m lake. lágrima f tear. lagrimear i weep (excessively, as disease or weakness), blubber; fig. t. (drip, dribble). laguna f pond, pool. lamentable lamentable; shocking, dire. lamentar t or i lament. lámina f plate; engraving. lámpara f lamp; gas-burner. lance m casualty, crisis, adventure, episode. lanza f spear, lance. lanzada f spear-thrust. lanzar t launch, dart, fling, fling out. largo long; extensive; a long story; adv. —mente; lo—— length; de—— a—— from end to end; ir—— take a long time; cuan—— es at full length. largueza f liberality. las see el, él, and N 7 16. lástima f pity, object of pity, complaint; de—— pitiful, woeful. lastimar t wound, hurt, affront. lastimero piteous. lastimoso pitiable, pitiful. latín m Latin. latinidad f Latinity; (good etc.) Latin. latinista Latinist (specialist in Latin). latino Latin; Latinist (one who knows Latin). latir i beat (heart). latón m brass. latrocinio m robbery. laurel m laurel. lavabo m washstand. lavandera f laundress. lavar t wash, wash out. lazo m bow-knot, noose, lashing, bond; snare, (hostile) stratagem; 'armar—— c practice chicanery' A.. le see él; also you. leal stanch, faithful, trusty, true. lealtad f loyalty, true-heartedness, fair dealing, integrity. lección f lesson. lector reader. lectura f reading. lecho m bed (A. bedstead with bedding, cama with or without bedding, but cf. 131 16, 17, 23, sobre el lecho, en la cama; fig. senses belong mainly to lecho). leer t read; léase read (imperative). legión f legion. legislador lawgiver, lawmaker. legista legist. lejano distant, remote. lejos far, far off, at a distance; also a lo——, de—— . lelo dazed. lengua f tongue; language (national). lenguaje m (hablar speak in, not speak) language (style). lenguaraz loose-tongued, scurrilous. lente m or f lens; pl (eye-)glasses. lento slow; adv. —mente. león lion. les see él; also you. letargo m lethargy. letra f letter. letradillo little man of learning. letrero m placard, (temporary) inscription. levantamiento m raising, uprising, coming out. levantar t raise; bring into the field; take off, revoke; r get up, rise; come out (as insurgents); —— mano de take one's hand from; —do up. levantisco (1, from Levante) Levantine, Turk-like; (2, from levantar) turbulent, revolution-loving. leve light, slight. ley f law, rule; es—— it is the rule. leyó see leer. libertad f (en at) liberty, one's liberty. libertinaje m profligacy, debauchery. libidinoso lewd, lustful, libidinous. librar t free, keep free, deliver; líbreme Dios de God forbid that I; —— batalla give battle; —— una batalla engage in a battle; i —— bien come off well. libre free. librito m little book. libro m book. librucho m trumpery book. licencia f license, permission; furlough; —— absoluta discharge. lícito licit, permissible. Licurgo m Lycurgus. lid f fray, combat. lidiar i fight, battle. ligereza f levity, giddiness, hastiness. ligero light, slight; adv. —mente; a la-a hastily, with inadequate equipment. limbo m limbo, N 118 17. límite m limit, bound. limosna f alms, charity. limpiar t clean, cleanse. limpieza f cleanness. limpio clean, unsullied. linaje m lineage; pl linajes, founders of families (A. 'noble citizens recognized as such and incorporated into the body of the nobility'). lindero m boundary line. lindo pretty, dainty; adv. —mente. línea f line (includes raya and other senses); por la—— materna on one's mother's side. linterna f lantern (de convexo cristal bull's-eye). lío m bundle; imbroglio, embroilment; artful dodge. lírico lyrical. lirio m lily. lisonja f flattery. lisonjero flattering, wheedling; agreeable. lista f strip, stripe, list, roll-call. listo active, lively, clever. literario literary. litigio m litigation. Livio Andronico m Livius Androni'cus. lo see el, él. lobo m wolf. lobreguez f gloom. local local, of place. localidad f locality; de la—— local. loco mad, insane, crazy, lunatic (con over). locura f insanity. locutorio m locutory, convent parlor. lodazal m mud-puddle, mud-hole, slough. lodo m mud (esp. as it is made by rain). lógica f logic. lograr t obtain, attain, succeed in, get so far as to; —— que get one to. loma f ridge. lomo m often pl loin; back (of beasts). Londres m London. longaniza f long sausage (of pickled meat; will last some time). loro m parrot. los see el, él. losa f flagstone, (esp. sepulchral) slab. lozanía f lushness, verdure; vigor, vitality. lozano lush, luxuriant. lucecilla f little light. lucir t show off, sport. Lucrecio m Lucretius. lucha f wrestling, struggle, combat. luchar i wrestle, struggle, combat. luego at once, next, then, so (accented when illative, Knapp: some say the contrary, accented except when illative; A. does not accent it at all); desde—— at once, from the start; —— que as soon as. luengo (archaic or poetic) long. lugar m place; occasion; village. lugareño villager, village boy. lugarón m execrable place. lumbrera f luminary. luminoso luminous. luna f moon. lustrar t polish. lustre m luster. luterano Lutheran. luto m (de in) mourning. luz f (a by) light. llamar t call; invite; knock, ring; r be called, my name is. llamarada f (momentary) flame, blaze; flush. llana f trowel. llano m plain; level. llanto m weeping, tears, fit of crying. llave f (echar turn, to lock) key. llegada f arrival. llegar i arrive, come; r go (to a certain near place), approach (a); —— al alma sting. llenar t fill. lleno full. llevar t bear, carry, carry off (esp. w. se), move, take; take off; wear; get; win; (of time) have had, have been. llorar i weep, shed tears, cry. lloro m often pl weeping. llorón tearful, lachrymose. lluvia f rain, shower. maceta f flowerpot. machacar t batter. machar t pound; a macha martillo stoutly, thoroughly, N 43 20. macho m mule. madera f wood; de—— wooden. madre f mother. Madrileño, provincial Madril, of Madrid; Madrid man, pl Madrid people. Madriz Castilian dialect for Madrid. madrugada f dawn. madrugar i keep early hours, be on foot early. madurez f maturity, ripeness. Maestrique Maastricht. maestro master, teacher; past master, adept. magistral magistral, magisterial; m magistral (a canon whose special duty is preaching). magnanimidad f large-heartedness. magnesia f magnesia. magnificencia f magnificence. magnífico magnificent. majadería f twaddle, bosh, tomfoolery. majadero fool. majestad f majesty. majestuoso majestic. mal m or adv ill, evil, badly; ailment; wrong; llevar—— take amiss. maldad f badness, wickedness; bad action, misdeed. maldiciente carper, detractor. maldición f curse; N 130 3. maldito accursed; damned, confounded, execrable. maleable malleable. malecón m dike, levee. maledicencia f detraction, evil-speaking. maleficio m maleficium, sorcery. maléfico noisome. maleta f valise. malevolencia f malice. malhadado ill-starred, unlucky, unblest, lit. ill-fated. maligno malign, malignant. mal[o] bad (in our text comparative más malo, superlative el peor), ill (comparative peor). maltratar t maltreat, ill-treat, misuse, ill-use (the English language is not in want of the newly popular word mistreat), abuse, manhandle. malvado wicked. mamá f mamma. mamarracho m daub, botch (as to looks; esp. of bad art). manada f flock, pack. manantial m fountain-head, source. mancha f spot, stain. mandar t send (A. 'enviar'); bid, order; have (a thing done); be in command of; i command, rule, give orders; —— llamar send for. mandarín m mandarin. mando m command. mandria flat, no-account, duffer, worthless fellow. manejar t handle, wield, manage. manejo m management, practice; intrigue. manera f (de in) wise, way, manner (pl not 'manners' = behavior, but ways); de otra—— otherwise; de ninguna—— by no means; sobre—— beyond measure. manga f sleeve; de—— ancha easygoing, indulgent (primarily of priest as confessor). manía f mania, craze (de for), crotchet; (still sg.) madness. maniático crazy, lunatic. manicomio m (lunatic) asylum. manifestar t manifest, give token of, declare, suggest. manifiesto manifest, open; m benediction (of the Blessed Sacrament), N 227 9. manjar m eatable, viand, dish. mano f (de by; poner su take a) hand; buena (mejor greater, greatest) —— aptitude, skill; poner—— en put one's hand to. mansalva f: a—— without facing any risk, without risk to one's self. mansedumbre f meekness. mansión f abode. manso gentle, quiet; tame. manta f shawl (not fine), mantle. manteleta fmantlet. mantener t maintain, support, keep, keep up. manteo m (priest's) mantle. manto m mantle; robe. mantón m great mantle. maña f knack, trick, habit. mañana f morning, morrow, tomorrow. máquina f machine. mar m sea. maravilla f marvel, wonder; a las mil—— s most admirably. maravilloso wonderful, marvelous. marcar t mark. marcial martial; M—— Martial. marcha f walk (movement), course. marchar i go; r go away, be off. marear t work (a ship); c plague, heckle, hatchel; r get seasick; one's head swims. marfil m marble. margen m margin. María f Mary (even a man may be named for the Virgin as patron saint). maria ac terras caelumque profundum L the seas and the lands and the depths of heaven. marido m husband. marina f marine. Marine see Donna. Mariquilla, Mariquita, f d of María. marisma f marsh. marmolejo m stone post ('columna pequeña' A.). marmóreo (of) marble, marble-like. marqués marquis. Marruecos m or f Morocco. marrullería f cajolery, wile. marrullero cajoling, wily. Marte m Mars. martillazom hammer-stroke; a—— ~s with one's hammer. martillo m hammer. mártir martyr. martirio m (as a series of sufferings also pl.) martyrdom. marzo m March. más more, most; more of a; any more; the more (not w. el); all the more; else, any (que but); merece—— deserves something better; —— tiranos bigger tyrants; a—— in addition (de to); por—— que however much; no—— que, nada—— que, no more than, not anything but, only; no hay—— que there's nothing more to; no tener—— que have only to; no tener—— ... que have no ... left but; no—— sino que not anything more than that. masa f mass. mascar t chew. máscara f mask; (de in) masquerade (costume). mascullar i mumble. masticar t chew. matador killer, slayer. matar t (ptc muerto of human beings, except r.) kill; (ptc matado) be the death of, worry to death. matemáticas f pl mathematics. matemático mathematical, mathematician. Mateo m Mateo, Matthew. materia f material, matter. material material. materializar t materialize (in depr. sense). maternal motherly. materno maternal. matón fire-eater, desperado, rough. mayor greater, larger, bigger, major, elder, greatest, largest, biggest, utmost, eldest; that amounts to something, of importance; altar—— high altar. mayoría f majority. mayormente especially. me me; r see se. mecánico mechanical. medalla f medal. mediano medium, middling, middle, tolerable; adv. —mente tolerably well, in tolerable fashion. mediante in consideration of. medicina f medicine. médico doctor. medio half; the middle of the; m mean; medium; measure, tactics; middle, midst; a—— as half, half-way; por—— de by means of, by way of, through. medir t measure. meditabundo pensive, preoccupied, wrapped in thought. meditación f meditation, musings. meditar t reflect on, think over; i reflect, meditate. medrar i grow, have things better, be finely off. médula (accent permissible, but medula preferable) f marrow. Méjico m Mexico. mejilla f cheek. mejor better, best; so much the better; a lo——, el—— día, the first you know, some fine day (esp. of untoward events; el—— día predictive and a lo—— declarative, A.); cf. N 11 8. mejorar t better; —ndo lo presente without saying anything against present company (said in praising the absent, A.). melancolía f melancholy. melancólico melancholy. Melibeo m Meliboeus. melifluo mellifluous. melodrama m melodrama. melosillo (d of meloso honeyed) nice honeyed. memoria f memory, memorial, memoir; de—— by heart, by rote; dar—— s para ask one to remember one to. mención f mention. mencionar t mention. mendigar t beg, get by begging. mendigo beggar. mendrugo m crust, old dry piece of bread given to a beggar. menguado feckless, no-account, ninny, silly, dastardly. menor smaller, smallest, younger, youngest, lesser, least, minor. menos less, least; even more out of the question; ni—— and still less; ni mucho—— nor anything like it; al——, cuando ——, por lo—— , at least; poco—— que pretty nearly, the next thing to; no poder—— de cannot help, cannot but; todo, —— anything but. mensajero messenger, carrier. mentar t mention, tell of. mente f mind. mentir i lie. mentira f lie, lying; parece—— it does not seem as if it could be true. menudo small; a—— often. mercado m market, market-house. merced f favor, grace; a—— de at the mercy of. Mercurio m Mercury. merecedor meriting, that deserves. merecer t deserve; have a right to, have a claim to, be allowed to deserve, be rated at; me merece Vd. is your due from me, in my eyes you merit. merengue m meringue. merienda f lunch. mérito m desert, merits, high qualities. meritorio meritorious. mes m month. mesa f table. mesura f staidness, self-control. mesurado self-restrained, well-guarded. metal m metal. metálico metallic. meter t put; engage, occupy (a person); r get, get one's self (into a place), take to, go to; —— fuego push things. metidillo d of ptc of meter. metódico methodical. método m method, (practical) system. metralla f case-shot, canister. métrico metrical. metro m meter. mezclar t mix, mingle; r mix, meddle, mix one's self up. mezquino scanty, diminutive. mi my. mí me w. prep.. mico m (long-tailed) monkey. microscopio m microscope. miedo m fear (a of; as mere emotion). miedosillo a little fearful. miembro m member, limb. mientras while, so long as; —— más the more the. miga f crumb; hacer buenas—— s c hit it off well together. mil m or adj thousand. milagro m (hacer work) miracle. milicia f soldiership; soldiery. militar military, of the military; m army man, soldier. militarismo m militarism. militarote m great man in uniform. millón m million. mimar t spoil (child), pet, pamper. mimo m petting, fondling, coddling; slick ways. mina f mine. minero mining, of mining. ministerio m ministry; department (of central government). ministro m minister (of state; or = servant). minuciosidad f (instance of) carefulness in little things. minucioso detailed. minutillo m little minute, just a minute. minuto m minute. mío my, mine, of mine. mira f aim. mirada f look, gaze, glance. mirar i look; t look at, look upon, look to, look and see; bear in mind, consider; imperative see, look out, look here; m way of looking; —— bien take good care; —— por look out for. misa f mass (mayor high). miserable wretched, wretch; adv. —mente. miseria f wretchedness, (extreme) poverty, want, penury. misión f mission. mismito: lo—— just the same. mismo same, very; himself etc. (intensive); also intensifying reflexive or forming with sí the noun self; un—— the same, a single; el—— de siempre (Caballuco) the same I always was; lo—— que the same as, as good as, equally ... and, and ... alike, as much as if; por lo—— que by the very fact that, for the very reason that; así—— exactly so, just that; ahora—— this very minute, right now; —ísimo very ... himself. misterio m mystery. misterioso mysterious. misticismo m mysticism. místico mystic, mystical. mistificación f mystification. mitad f half, middle; N 209 13. mixto mixed. mocito whippersnapper. moco m mucus; a—— y baba with sniveling and drooling. moda f fashion, way. modales m pl behavior, demeanor, manners. modelo m model. moderno modern. modestia f modesty (unpretentiousness). modesto modest (unassuming); adv. —mente. modo m (de in) manner, fashion, wise, way; de—— que so that; de tal—— so; al—— de a sort of. modular t modulate; —— entre dientes hum. mohoso moldy, rusty. mojigatería f sanctimoniousness, cant. mojón m landmark (for boundary), boundary monument. molde m mold. molestar t molest, trouble, bother. molestia f molestation, discomfort. molesto annoying, uncomfortable. molino m mill. molusco m mollusk. momento m (al this) moment. momia f mummy. monaguillo m acolyte (in looser sense; i.e. boy, unordained). mondar t peel, shell. mono cute, darling; m monkey, ape (mono includes both). monsieur m French monsieur. monstruo m monster. monstruosidad f monstrosity. montar i or t mount, ride; get (on horseback); (Gall.) fit out, furnish; —— a caballo sobre bestride. monte m mountain; (piece of) wild land; monte. montón m heap. monumento m monument. moño m pug, knot of hair. morada f abode, place of habitation. moral moral; f morality. morar i lodge. morcilludo (not in A.) bloated, puffy. mordaz mordacious, acrimonious. morder t bite. moreno swarthy. morería f Moorery, Moordom, N 69 10. morir i die; muera (cf. viva) death to, down with; hasta—— to the death. moro Moor, Moorish; de—— Moorish. morrioncete m d of morrión (morion; shako). morro m knob, hummock; (prominence of the) lips. mortal adj or m mortal; deathly. mortificación f annoyance, annoyances. mortificar t annoy, torment. mosca f fly; —— muerta dead fly, c. for person seemingly listless but really keen. mosquita f d of mosca. mosquito m mosquito (also mosco). mostacilla f (small, 'mustard-seed-size') beads. mostaza f mustard. mostrar t show. mote m nickname; N 88 25. motivar t motivate, occasion, explain. motivo m motive, reason (para, de, for; para que, por que, why), grounds; con—— on account. movedizo movable, shifting. mover t move. movimiento m movement, motion. 'mozalbete m. d. de mozo'A.. mozo lad, young man. muchacho boy. muchedumbre f multitude. mucho much, a great deal of, a lot of, a great matter; often tr. great (w. abstract nouns); full form of muy, used when not preceding adj. etc.; pl many; lo—— que le quiero the great affection which I have for him. mudanza f change. mudar t change (de one's). mudo dumb. mueble m piece of furniture, article, pl furniture. mueca f grimace. muela f molar, grinder, jaw-tooth. muelle m wharf, quay; freight platform. muerte f death. muerto ptc of both morir and matar. muestra f sign, evidence, token, sample. mujer f woman, wife; N 95 33. muladar m dunghill, rubbish-heap. Muley-Abbas m N 69 4. mulo mule. multiplicación f multiplication. multiplicar t multiply. multitud f a multitude. mundanal worldly, fashionable. mundano mundane, worldly, of this world. mundo m world; (big) trunk; todo el—— everybody. municipal municipal. municipio m municipality. muñeco doll. muralla f rampart, fortification, wall. murió see morir. murmullo m murmur. murmuración f backbiting, personality (against the absent), criticism. murmurar i or t murmur. muro wall. museo m museum. música f music. mustio dreary, forlorn; wilted. mutuo mutual; adv. —mente. muy shortened form of mucho, used before adj. or adv. or their eqivalents, very, very much, very well; weaker than the sup., which forms a climax after it, 160 24. nácar m mother-of-pearl. nacarado pearly. nacer i be born, take its rise, spring up. nación f nation. nacional national. nacionalidad f nationality. nada nothing, not a bit, not at all, no; enough said, well; w. neg. etc. anything; f nothingness, a nothing; —— de none of, no. nadie m nobody; w. neg. anybody. Nápoles f Naples. naranja f orange. naranjero orange man. narigudo big-nosed. nariz f nose. narración f narration. narrar t narrate, relate. nativo inborn, innate. natura (Latinizing word) f nature. natural natural, adv. —mente; m nature, temperament, the way one is made. naturaleza f nature. naturalidad f a natural air. naturalista naturalist. navaja f (clasp-) knife. navegar i sail; -o bien I can steer all right. navío m ship of the line. nec etc. see 53 33. necedad f silliness. necesario necessary; adv. —mente; en caso—— in case of necessity. necesidad f necessity. necesitar t need, have need of. necio silly, simpleton, dunce. nefasto inauspicious. negar t deny; r decline, refuse. negativa f negative. negligencia f negligence. negocio m business. negro black; m negro. negrura f blackness. negruzco blackish. nerviosidad f nervousness. nervioso nervous. ni neither, nor, not even; (before words meaning or suggesting 'even') not; (w. preceding neg.) either, or; —— qué or what. nido m nest. nieto grandson. ninfa f nymph. ningun[o] no, not any; w. neg. any. niñez f childhood, boyhood. niño boy, child; -a (of eye) pupil, (fig.) apple. nivel m level (as instrument, or abstract). nivelar t level, take the level of. no not, no; non-; he doesn't etc.; yo—— not I; I don't. nobis L us, me (dat. or w. certain preps.). noble noble; sup. nobilísimo. nobleza f nobility. noche f (de at) night; media—— midnight; buenas—— s good night. nombrar t name. nombre m name. nominavito, genivito, davito, acusavito, errors, w. d. ending -ito, for nominativo, genitivo, dativo, acusativo, nominative, genitive, dative, accusative. noria f noria, sakieh, N 6 28. normal normal, ordinary, regular. norte m north. nos us; refl see se. nosotros we. nota f mark, standing, note, memorandum. notabilidad f celebrity, man of mark. notable notable. notar t mark, note, observe. noticia f often pl information, news, item of news, knowledge. notificar t give notice of. notorio notorious; (usually, but not in A.) conspicuous. novedad f novelty; anything happening. novela f novel. novelista novelist. novena f novena, N 227 9. noviazgo m engagement, (declared) courtship. novillo m (unbroken) young bull, steer; hacer—— s play truant. noviobridegroom, betrothed, lover, wooer. novísimo sup of nuevo. nube f cloud. nuestro our, ours. nueve nine. nuevo new; de—— anew, re-. nuez f nut. numérico numerical ('numerous,' i.e. metrical, is numeroso by A.). número m number. nunca never. nutrir t nourish. o or; o ... o either ... or; o sea that is to say. obedecer t obey (a). obispo m bishop. objetar t object. objeto m object; (llevar have) purpose; topic. obligación f obligation, duty. obligar t oblige, bind. óbolo m (small) gift(s), mite, pennies. obra f work (mainly as thing made); act, deed. obrar t or i work, operate, act. obsceno obscene. obscurecer t darken. obscuridad f darkness, obscurity. obscuro dark; —— as the dark. obsequiar t favor, treat, regale. observación f observation. observador observant, observer, watcher. observar t observe; watch. obstáculo m (hallar meet with) obstacle, obstruction. obstinación f obstinacy, stubborn fit. ocasión f opportunity, occasion. ocasionar t occasion, give rise to. octavo eighth. ocultar t conceal. oculto concealed, covert; adv. —mente. ocupación f occupation, thing to attend to. ocupar t occupy, concern (con with, en in; also de with, which A. emphatically condemns as 'solecism,' condemning at the same time the extended use of ocuparse), take possession of. ocurrencia f bright idea, happy thought. ocurrir i occur, happen. ochoeight. odio m hatred. oeste m west. ofender t offend. ofensa f offense (a against). ofertorio m offertory. oficial official; adv. —mente. oficio m business, occupation; office; official letter. oficiosidad f officiousness. oficioso officious. ofrecer t offer; r suggest itself; ¿se le ofrece a usted algo? can I do anything for you? ofuscar t bedim. oh O. oído m hearing; ear (esp. in metonymy). oír t hear; oiga Vd. una cosa see here. ojalá would that; —— no I wish I wasn't, etc.. ojeada f glance. ojeo m battue. ojo m (a in) eye. ojuelo m depr d of ojo. oleaje m waves, swell, surge. oler t smell, scent. Olimpo m Olympus. olivo m olive-tree. olmo m elm. olor m odor; N 140 9. olvidar t forget (t commonly a knowledge; commonly se me olvida de a thing to be done. olvido m oblivion. omitir t omit. once eleven. onda f wave. ondulación f undulation. onza f ounce; N 92 25. opacidad f opacity. opaco opaque. ópera f opera. operación f operation. opinar i think, be of opinion, one's opinion is. opinión f opinion, judgment, mind; public opinion. oponer t oppose (acc. the obstacle, a the thing resisted). oportunidad f opportuneness, timeliness, pertinence; good time, favorable time. oportuno opportune, favorable, on proper occasion; adv. —mente. oprimir t oppress, burden, press. opuesto opposite. opulencia f wealth. opulento opulent, wealthy. ora ... ora now ... now. oración f prayer (cf. N 172 15). oráculo m oracle. orador orator. orar i pray. oratoria f oratory. oratorio oratorical. orbajosense Orbajosan. orden m in one sense, f in another, order. ordenar t order. ordeñar t milk. ordinario ordinary; adv. —mente; de—— commonly. oreja f ear (esp. physically). Orfeo m Orpheus. organismo m organism. organista organist. organizar t organize, get up. órgano m organ. orgía f orgy, revelry. orgullo m pride. orgulloso haughty, proud; as noun, say egotist. origen m origin, rise. original original. originar t originate. orilla f bank. ornato m decoration, adornment. oro m gold. os you (pl., familiar); refl see se. osado daring. ostentación f display. ostentar t display. Osuna f Osuna; el duque de—— N 227 15. otero m (isolated) hill. otro other, another; else, some ... else, any ... else; a different person; (w. numeral, tanto, etc.) more; el—— w. proverbs etc. that man. otrosí furthermore. oveja f sheep. Ovidio m Ovid. ovillo m (d of huevo) ball, or say hank (A. 'ball or bundle' made by winding the yarn tight from the madeja, the skein proper). oye see oír. oyente hearer, auditor. Pablo m Pablo, Paul. paciencia f (no hay one cannot have) patience. pacienzudo patient. pacífico peaceable, at peace. padecer t suffer. padecimiento m suffering, ailment. padre m father; pl parents; —— nuestro (A. uncapitalized) paternoster, Lord's Prayer. paf 'word expressing the sound of falling or striking against anything' A.. paganismo m paganism. pagano pagan, heathen. pagar t pay, pay for; —— a cualquier precio pay any price for. pago m payment. país m country, land, district. paisaje m landscape. paisano fellow-townsman, (local) compatriot. paja f straw; N 198 15. pajarillo, pajarito, m little bird. pájaro m bird; big-bug. pajizo straw-colored. palabra f word, words, speech; tomar la—— take the floor, put in one's word, speak; en buenas—— s in plain terms. palabreja f outlandish word, free and easy word. palabrilla f little word, half-word, bit of word. palabrota f big word, fine word. palacio m palace. palco m box (at theater). paleontología f paleontology. palidecer i pale, turn pale. palidez f paleness. pálido pale. palillo m (d of palo) (wooden) toothpick. paliza f cudgeling, caning. palma f palm. palmada f slap (friendly). palmadita f little slap. palo m stick; —— s metonymically clubs, blows, rows, a cudgeling. paloma f pigeon, dove. palomar m dovecote, pigeon-house. palpitante palpitating, quivering. palpitar i palpitate, throb. palurdo rustic, clown, yokel. pan m bread, loaf. panenteísmo m panentheism (Krause's mixture of pantheism with theism). panera f granary. panorama m panorama. pantalón m mostly pl pantaloons. pantalla f shade, screen. panteísmo m pantheism. panteísta pantheist. paño m cloth. pañuelo m handkerchief. papá m papa, father. papel m paper; part (rôle). papelillo m little paper; (druggist's) powder. papelucho m yellow journal. par m pair, couple (of things); un—— a couple, (Germanism?) a few. para for, toward; to (not of place); something for, enough for; —— que in order that, that, to, so as to; —— eso está that's what ... is for; no es—— tanto it doesn't amount to so much as all that; acá—— entre los dos just between you and me. paraíso m paradise. paraje m place. parar i halt, hold on, come to a stop; (also ir a—— ) bring up; (finally) come to; —do standing, in a position. parcial partial; partisan. pardo (dark brownish) gray (color of a bear, A.). parecer i appear, seem (que that, as if); (properly refl) be like; m view of the case (esp. as to what should be done); —ido similar; qué te parece what do you think (of, nominative); ¿no te parece? don't you think so? don't you think I had better? me parece ver I seem to myself to see; al—— apparently. pared f wall (not military). paredón m augm of pared. pareja f pair (of persons or things). parentesco m relationship. paréntesis m parenthesis, pair of parenthesis marks; entre—— in parentheses, by the way. parlero loquacious, talkative. Parnaso m Parnassus. parra f (grape-)vine (trained). parsimonioso parsimonious. parte f part; place, quarter, hand,-where (e.g. en otra—— elsewhere, somewhere else), side; por mi—— for my part, on my part; meterse en buena—— (ironically) get into the wrong box, come to the wrong door; m despatch. Partenón m Parthenon. participar t communicate. particular special, peculiar; m point, matter. partida f start, leaving; band, guerrilla band, bushwhacking company; w. de caza etc. party. partidario partisan; bushwhacker. partidilla f d of partida. partido m party; advantage, benefit; judicial district; sacar—— de make anything out of. partir t part, divide, split, share; N 144 10, N 150 22; i start; leave. pasaje m passage. pasajero passing, passer-by. pasar t or i pass, pass on, pass by; happen; cross one's mind; be more (de than); have enough to live on; undergo; (Gall.?) take a trip; m livelihood; —do past; se le pasa he gets over it; pasa aquí (Gall.?) come this way; —— por allá go over, come over. pasatiempo m pastime, diversion, entertainment, amusement. pascual paschal. pasear i take a walk, take the air, walk, saunter. paseo m (dar take) walk, ride, turn; walking; mall, boulevard. pasión f passion (de for). pasivo passive. pasmoso astounding; adv. —mente. paso m (dar take; de at) step, pace; passage; mal—— scrape, pickle, hard place; dar—— a make way for. pastoril shepherd-haunted, pastoral. pastosidad f smooth softness. pata f paw, leg (not human); a (la)—— (la) llana in plain everyday fashion. patán m yokel, bumpkin, clodhopper. patente patent; f charter, certificate. paternidad f fatherhood. patético feeling, of strong feeling; telling. patio m court, courtyard. patochada f ineptitude (senseless utterance). patria f (one's) country, fatherland; home (town etc., not house). patriarca m patriarch. patriarcal patriarchal. patricio patrician (has, beside the Eng. senses, that of 'one who overtops his fellow-citizens by his birth, wealth, or virtues,' A.). patrimonio m patrimony. patrio of our country. patriotismo m patriotism. patrón patron, patron saint. pausa f pause. pavo m turkey; —— real peacock. pavor m trepidation. pavoroso terrific. paz f peace. pecador sinner. pecaminoso sinful. pecar i sin; —— de have too much tendency to be; si de algo peca es if he has any fault it is that of being rather; —do m sin. peculiar peculiar (de to). pecho m breast, chest. pedacito m scrap. pedante pedantic, pedant (as boastful rather than as finical). pedantear i pedantize, play the pedant. pedantería f pedantry. pedazo m piece, bit; hacer—— s break in pieces, break to pieces. pedestal m pedestal. pedir t ask, ask for, request; order (goods). pedrada f blow of a stone. pedregoso stony (with loose stones). Pedro m Pedro, Peter; N 4 22, N 152 21. pedrusco m piece of stone. pegar t (1) stick on, fasten on; —— fuego set fire; —— la hebra get one's needleful started, get started; —— los ojos get a wink of sleep; (2) beat; strike (a blow), fire (a shot), etc. according to context. peinar t comb; r do up one's hair. pelagatos m mudlark ('poor and contemptible man' A.). pelar t cut the hair of, pull out the hair from, shave; pluck (a bird); que se las pela with all one's might, like mad; —do bald, bare (treeless, featherless, etc.). peldaño m step (of stairway). pelea f fray. pelear i combat, fight. peliagudo fine-haired; c difficult, awkward, delicate. peligrar i be in peril. peligro m (haber be in) danger, peril. peligroso risky, perilous. pelillo m trifling annoyance; pararse en—— s boggle over trifles, stick at trifles. pelmazo m slow-coach, dawdler. pelo m hair; nap (of cloth); —— malo down (of birds); tocar el (A. al) —— de la ropa touch a hair of one's head, do any injury at all to; —— s y señales details. pelota f ball (e.g. for play). pellejo m skin. pellizcar t pinch. pellizco m pinch. pena f penalty, grief, pain, pains, difficulty; valer la—— be worth while, pay; no vale la—— don't mention it (N 67 6), isn't worth mentioning. pendiente hanging (de from, by). péndulo m pendulum. penetrante penetrating. penetrar t or i penetrate, make one's way in, imbue. penitencia f repentance, penitence, penance; hacer—— con mí take dinner, such as it is, with me; nearly = take pot-luck. penitenciario m penitentiary (N 16 31). penoso painful, uncomfortable, suffering. pensamiento m thought; mind. pensar t think (de about), think about, think of, think over; i think (en on, of, about). pensativo pensive. penumbra f penumbra, half-shadow. peña f cliff, crag. peor worse, worst. Pepe m d of José; Pepa f d of Josefa. Pepillo, Pepito, d of Pepe. pequeñez f little thing, trifle. pequeñito tiny. pequeño small, little. pequeñuelo diminutive, petty, small fry. pera f pear; poner las—— s a cuarto or a ocho put the screws on, force to give way. peral m pear tree. peralito m little pear tree. percance m perquisite; harm, mishap. perder t lose; bring to perdition; —ido reprobate; —ido de la cabeza bereft of reason. pérdida f loss. perdón m pardon; no tener—— de Dios be beyond forgiveness. perdonar t pardon, forgive, let off. perecer i perish. pereza f laziness. perezoso lazy; adv. —mente. perfección f perfection, perfectness. perfeccionamiento m (process of) perfection, perfecting. perfecto perfect, consummate; adv. —mente perfectly, precisely. perfidia f perfidy, double-dealing. pérfido perfidious, disloyal. perfil m profile; fine line, stroke. periódico m periodical, newspaper. periodiquillo m little paper. período m period. periquete m twinkling. Periquito m d of Perico d of Pedro. perito expert. perjuicio m prejudice; mischief, damage. perjurar i swear one's hardest; t jurar y—— swear up and down, swear by all that is holy. permanecer i remain. permiso m permission. permitir t permit. pero but; why followed by comma in Eng., O; gives climactic emphasis to reiteration; m c N 52 11. perogrullada f (superfluous statement of) self-evident truth, obvious fact, N 19 5. perorata f (inopportune) harangue. perpetuar t perpetuate. perpetuo perpetual, adv. —mente. perplejidad f perplexity. perplejo perplexed, in perplexity. perrero m 'he who has charge of putting dogs out of a> cathedral' (A.); say beadle or dog-beadle. perro m dog. perseguir t pursue; persecute. persona f person. personaje m prominent man, notability, magnate, worthy. personal personal. personalidad f personality. pertenecer i pertain, belong. perteneciente pertaining, belonging. perturbación f disturbance. perturbar t disturb, unsettle, embroil, throw into disorder. perversidad f perversity. pervertir t pervert. pesa f weight. pesadumbre f weight; trouble, displeasure. pesar t or i weigh, be heavy, be painful; m regret, grief; a—— in spite, in despite; —do heavy; disagreeable. pesca f fishing. pescar t catch (fish). pescuezo m (A. esp. back of) neck (esp. as part of looks; more familiar than cuello; 16 28, 93 23, the lady gets a more classic word than the gentleman); cortar el—— cut off the head. peseta f peseta (= French franc, nearly 20 cents). peso m weight. pestañear i one's eyelashes quiver. pestilencia f pestilence, pest. petaca f cigar-case. pétreo stony. petróleo m petroleum. pez m fish. piadoso pious. piano m piano. picadillo m timbale; hacer—— a make into mince-meat, make hash of. picante pungent. picaporte m latch. picar t or i prick (slightly), sting, bite, be hot, spur; put (spurs to). picardía f (from pícaro) knavery, (piece of) rascality. picaresco roguish, sly, picaresque. pícaro rogue, knave; rascally. picarón great rascal; f jade, hussy. picazón f pricking, biting (of insects etc.), itching. pico m beak, bill; pick; peak; odd (i.e. odd units in excess of a round number, as in '200 and odd'); c mouth; —— de oro 'persona qui habla bien' A.; not personal at 165 32. picotazo m peck. pide see pedir. pie m foot; bottom; leg (of furniture etc.); en—— on his feet; a cuatro—— s on all fours; al—— de la letra literally; ponerse sobre un—— (A. andar en un——, andar en un—— como grulla (crane), estar en un—— ) put one's best foot foremost, bestir one's self, be up and doing. piedad f piety; pity (de on). piedra f stone. piedrecilla, piedrecita, f little stone. piel f skin, hide; de la—— del miedo just made of fear (A. de la—— del diablo a limb of Satan). [pienso m obs thought]; ni por—— not a bit, not in the least. pierna f leg. pieza f piece (not often in sense of pedazo, fragment, scrap), room; buena—— rogue, fine thing. pila f basin (large, of stone etc.); font; (galvanic) cell. pillería f scoundrelism, rascality. pillo scoundrel, blackguard. pinchar t prick (as with pin or thorn). pintar t paint, depict. pintoresco picturesque. pintura f painting. piñón m pine nut (seed, not cone). pío pious. piquillo m (d of pico) driblet, trifle. piros L acc pl pear trees. pisar t or i tread. piso m floor, story; N 92 14. pistolita f d pistol handy. pitillo m cigarette. placentero pleasurable. placer m pleasure. plácido placid. plaga f plague (not as disease), calamity, infestation (A. 1, national 'calamidad grande'; 2, personal; ... 4, fig. any trouble; 5, 'abundance of a harmful thing—said also of things not harmful'). plan m plan. planetario planetary. plano flat, plane; de—— plainly, outright; (of judgment) summarily, off-hand. planta f plant. plantar t set out; c put ('against one's will' A.); r c get (to a place, with speed); plant one's self ('de pie firme' A.). plantear t mark out; establish; start (topic). plañidero wailing. plato m a plate (to eat on). Plauto m Plautus. plaza f plaza, market; fortress; —— fuerte fortified town. plazo m date (set so as to give time). plazoleta f little plaza. plegaria f supplication. pleiteante litigant. pleitear i have a lawsuit, carry on lawsuits. pleitista litigious. pleito m lawsuit, (poner bring) suit, litigation, case. pletórico plethoric. pléyade f Pleiad (coterie). pliego m sheet (of paper); (sealed) letter; N 225 5. pliegue m fold. Plinio m Pliny. plinto m plinth. pluma f feather; pen. población f town (A. defines ciudad, villa, pueblo, lugar, as different grades of población). poblacho m rubbishy old town. poblachón m big old town, rank old town, mean old town. pobre poor, N 45 8. pobrecito poor creature, poor dear, poor fellow. pobreza f poverty. poco little (not much); un-; pl few; vulgarism for no—— , cf. en mi vida; un—— a little, somewhat, rather; —— a—— little by little, gradually, go slow; tener en—— think little of, put a low value on. poda f pruning. poder t can, be able, may; r can be done; m power; no—— con cannot do anything with, cannot keep under; puede (que) maybe, possibly; como pueda as best he may. poderoso powerful. podredumbre f decay, rottenness. podrir, pudrir, both forms of inf. equally good, rot, decay, molder. poesía f poetry. poeta m poet. poético poetic, poetical. polígono m polygon. polilla f moth. política f politics, policy. político political; politician;-in-law. politiquejo rascal of a politician. polvo m (hacer reduce to, grind to) dust, powder. pólvora f gunpowder. polvoriento, polvoroso, dusty. pollo m chicken. pomada f pomade, pomatum. pompa f pomp. pomposo pompous. ponderación f panegyric, laudation. ponderar t magnify, extol, make much of. poner t put, place, set (about, at, a), lay, put on, put in, set up; give (a name); make (w. adj. etc.); (not in A.) drop (as in drop me a line); r become, turn (w. adj. etc., not noun), get; go (to, at, a); —— cariño a take a fancy to, be taken with; cómo te han puesto what a figure they have made of you; puesto (of hat etc.) on; se ponía de este modo he went like this; —se en su penumbra assume its penumbra; —se en camino,—se en marcha, set out, be off. poniente setting (sun). popular popular. popularidad f popularity. poquito d of poco; un—— a little bit, just a little, the least bit; —— a cosa nothing much, no great shakes. por by, for, because of, for—— 's sake, out of (as motive), through, in the course of, on, over, at; before adv. of place untr. or on the etc.; —— qué why; —— lo cual wherefore; —— eso that is why; —— sí of one's self; ir—— la esquina go round the corner; —— momentos moment by moment; —— las noches nights; —— poco más a little more and they would have; —— ... que however; existentes y—— existir in existence or destined to exist. porcelana f china. porción f portion, allowance, lot. pormenor m detail. porque because, for; that, to the end that; porqué = por qué (A. por qué). porrazo m blow with a club; blow, bruise. portal m vestibule, entry, front hall. portar r behave. portátil portable. porte m behavior, demeanor, ways. portento m portent, prodigy, phenomenon. posada f hotel, inn, boarding-house, lodging-house. poseer t possess. posesión f possession. posibilidad f possibility. posible (en lo as far as, lo menos as little as) possible. posición f position; social station. postizo extra (and artificial, e.g. false hair), accessory. postrar t prostrate; r kneel, fall at one's feet. postre m article of dessert; pl dessert. postrer[o] last ('in order,' A.). postura f posture, attitude, position. pozo m well; (of mine) shaft. práctica f practice; pl field work. practicar t practice. precaución f precaution. precaver t take precautions against; r take precautions. preceder t precede. precio m price, worth; no tener—— be beyond price, be worth one's weight in gold. preciosidad f precious thing. precioso precious. precipitación f precipitation, precipitancy, haste. precipitar t hurl down, start down (a precipice); —do precipitate, adv. —mente. precisar t tell precisely. preciso needful; precise, adv. —mente; es—— it is needful, I must, have to. precoz precocious. predicación f preaching. predicar t preach (por through), lecture. predilección f (de in the line of) predilection, special taste. predio m estate, premises, parcel of real estate. preeminencia f preëminence. preeminente preëminent, foremost. preferible preferable. preferir t prefer. pregonar t proclaim. pregunta f (hacer ask) question. preguntar t ask. preguntilla f slight question. prehistoria f prehistoric archaeology. prelado m prelate; bishop etc.. prematuro premature; adv. —mente. prenda f article (of goods), garment; endowment. prender t arrest. preocupación f preconception, prepossession, prejudice, infatuation. preocupar t preoccupy, take up (de with). preparar t prepare, get ready. prerogativa f prerogative. presa f dam; prey. prescindir i set aside, dispense with (de). prescripción f prescription, title by adverse possession, gaining of title by adverse possession. presencia f presence, advent. presenciar t witness. presentar t present; introduce; r make one's appearance. presente present; m the present. presentimiento m foreboding. preservar t preserve. presidente president; chief justice. presidio m penitentiary, prison. presión f pressure. prestamista money-lender. prestar t lend; —do borrowed. presteza f swiftness, rapidity. prestigio m prestige, glamour. presumir t presume; i pride one's self (de on being); —do presumptuous. presunción f vanity, pretense. pretender t claim. pretensión f (tener make) pretension, claim, pretense. pretextar t allege (as excuse). pretexto m pretext. prevención f prepossession, prejudice, bias. prevenir t prepare, be beforehand; give warning. prever t foresee. previsión f foresight, prearrangement, providence. primer[o] first, foremost, finest; de-a sc. clase. primicia f first fruit, first of the crop. primitivo primitive, original. primito (d of primo) coz. primo prime; cousin; a-a noche after dark. primor m skill, masterliness; fine work, masterpiece. primoroso neat, elegant, graceful, fine. principal chief, principal (more absolute than the Eng. words, hence admits comparison), main, eminent; adv. —mente. príncipe m prince. principiar i begin, start (a to). principio m start, element, principle. prisa f haste, hurry; de——, a——, in haste, at speed, usually de unless an adj. intervenes. prisión f prison; arrest. prismático prismatic. privado private. privar t deprive. privilegio m privilege. [pro m] pro y contra pro and con, affirmative and negative; tiene su pro y su contra there are two sides to it. proa f prow, bow; poner la—— a aim at (thing); make a dead set at, set one's self against (person). probabilidad f probability. probable probable. probar t prove; try; i work, agree (a with). problema m problem. procaz impudent. procedencia f provenance, source. procedente resulting. proceder i proceed; be a product; m course, behavior. procesión f (esp. religious) procession. procónsul m proconsul. procurador m attorney. procurar t try. prodigio m prodigy, marvel. prodigioso prodigious, marvelous, extraordinary. producir t produce, cause. profanar t profane. profano profane. proferir t utter. profesar t profess; cherish, entertain, bear. profesión f profession. profeta m prophet. profundo deep, profound, abysmal; in general profundo is such as extends far down, hondo such as is located far down. progresista progressist, progressive. progreso m progress. prohibir t prohibit, forbid. prójimo m neighbor (in ethics). prolijo prolix, verbose, lengthy. promesa f promise. prometer t promise. promotor promoter; —— fiscal state's attorney. prontitud f promptness. pronto quick, quickly, soon, fast; de—— off-hand, all at once. pronunciar t pronounce, utter. propagar t propagate, preach. propender i have the propensity, be prone. propensión f propensity, proneness. propicio propitious, favorable. propiedad f property, ownership. propietario owner, proprietor, land-owner. propio own, of one's own; proper, appropriate, peculiar, belonging (de to), inherent (de in); the part (de of); fit; m the city's property (of real estate). proponer t propose; r make up one's mind, undertake. proporción f proportion (de to). proporcionar t provide with, furnish. proposición f proposal, proposition. propósito m intention, (hacer form the) purpose; a—— suitable, adapted; a—— de speaking of. prorrumpir i break out. prosaico prosaic. prosapia f stock, ancestry. proscribir t proscribe. proseguir i go on. protección f protection, patronage, favor. proteger t protect, give one's patronage to, take under one's protection, countenance; —ido protégé. protejer see proteger. protestante Protestant. protestar i protest. provecho m profit; ser de—— do (any) good. provechoso of advantage. provenir i come (from a source). providencial providential. provincia f province; de—— provincial. provinciano provincial. provocar t provoke. provocativo provocative, challenging. próximo next, close. proyección f projection. proyectar t project, cast, trace; plan. proyectil m projectile. proyecto m project, plan, scheme. prudencia f prudence. prudente prudent. prueba f proof; sample. psicólogo psychologist. publicar t publish. publicidad f publicity. público public; adv. —mente; m (salir al come before the) public; de—— publicly. puchero m (pitcher-handled, usually earthenware) cooking-pot, bean-pot; whimper. pude see poder. púdico modest, chaste. pudor m modesty (of sex). pudrir see podrir. pueblo m city, town, place; small town, small place; populace; people. puede see poder. puente m bridge. puericia f boyhood (age 7-14, A.). pueril childish. puerta f door, gate; N 129 26. puertecilla f d of puerta. pues adv then, and then, well, well then, why, why but, or untr.; conj (also —— que) since, for. puesto ptc of poner;—— que since; m post, station, position. pugna f combat. pugnar i contend, conflict. pulcher, pulchra, L beautiful. pulcro natty, spruce, trim, (personally) neat, tidy. púlpito m pulpit. pulso m pulse. pulverizar t pulverize. pum bang. punta f point (as sharp), tip, end; (of psychical qualities; mostly pl.) turn, somewhat. puntapié m kick; echar a—— s kick out. puntería f aim. punto m (en at) point (mathematical point, dot, etc.); period (poner ... en put ... to); moment; al—— right off, instantly; a—— que just as, just when, at the same moment as; a—— de on the point of; a—— fijo to a dot; por —— (not in A.) this minute. puntual punctual; adv. —mente. punzante pricking, stinging, irritant. punzar t prick, pierce. puñetazo m blow with one's fist. puño m fist. pupilo ward. pupitre m desk (to set on table). pureza f purity. puro pure; sheer, mere, bare. puse see poner. que rel pr that, who, which; often introduces clause equivalent to Eng. ptc.; conj that, the fact that, than, as, for, since, in such fashion that; and (e.g. in roe—— roe, A. 'equivalent to y más'); sometimes untr., esp. directly after no or an oath or before direct quotation; lo—— what, w. subjunctive whatever; pase lo—— pase happen what may; antes de lo—— pensé sooner than I thought (expected to); hay glorias—— cantar there are glories to sing of; dar—— hablar give something to talk of, give anything to talk of; y eso —— and that when; —— tienes you do have; qué what, what a, w. adj. or adv. how; qué de how many, what a lot of; ¿qué tal? what's the word; a qué why (to what purpose); por qué why (for what reason), why is it that; qué —— ni ——, qué —— ni qué niño muerto (other words may be substituted for niño muerto), —— fiddlesticks, don't talk of ——... quebradero m breaker; —— de cabeza quandary, bother. quebrantar t break. quebrar t break; i go bankrupt; —do bankrupt. quedar i remain, stay, be left, stand, be; haberse—do en have come down to; —se con retain, be left with; me queda I am left with; me—— é dormida I got to sleep. quedo quiet; softly, cautiously; adv. —mente. quehacer m affair, concern, thing one has to attend to, small duty. queja f (dar make) complaint. quejar r complain. quejido m complaint, plaint. quejumbroso querulous. quemar t burn. querencioso attached to one spot (properly of wild beasts), home-crazy; perhaps (not in A.) set in one's ways. querer t wish, will, want to, mean to, try to, be willing; love, be fond of, like; will have; —~ido dear (para to), beloved; quiero que maten I want ... killed; no—— nada con not want anything to do with; quiera after rel. any ... ever; quiera que after rel. = ever as suffix, e.g. donde quiera que wherever; Dios quiera God grant; si Dios quiere literally translates the very common Arabic in sha 'll[-a]h; lo que se quiera what may, what you will. quien who, he who, one who, the one who; o—— sea or whoever it may be. quiero see querer. quijotada f quixotism (not collectively). quimera f chimera. quincalleria f notion-shop, notion-counter, N 60 32. quince fifteen; —— días a fortnight. quinqué m Argand lamp, student lamp. quinta f conscription. Quintiliano m Quintilian. quitar t take off, take away, remove, get out. quizá, quizás, maybe, possibly. rabia f madness (of dog); fig. rage. rabiar i rage. rabillo m (d of rabo tail) bob-tail, tag; (not in A.) corner-stroke (i.e. serif). raciocinio m ratiocination, reasoning. ración f ration, allowance, portion. racionero m prebendary (next grade below canónigo). raíz f root. rama f bough, limb, branch. ramo m twig, spray, nosegay; Domingo de R—— s Palm Sunday. rancio antique, time-worn. rapar t shave. rapaz stripling. rapidez f swiftness. rápido swift, rapid; adv. —mente. rareza f rarity; strange action. raro rare; unusual; odd. rascar t scratch. rasgar t tear; —do large (window, eye, mouth). rasgo m line (drawn). rasguear t strum, stroke (A. 'play a guitar or other instrument by grazing several strings at once with the tips of the fingers'). rasguño m scratch. ratito m little while. rato m while, space (of time), time, spell; a—— s from time to time. raya f line (mark). rayo m ray; lightning, lightning-flash. raza f race. razón f reason, argument; good grounds; pl statements, words; tener—— be (mucha quite) in the right; carecer de—— be irrational, be in an irrational position, be in the wrong. razonable rational. razonamiento m reasoning. real (1) royal; camino—— highway; el R—— cf. 55 21; m real (anciently 14 cents, modernly 5 cents); (2) real; adv. —mente. realidad f reality. realizable realizable. realizar t realize; accomplish, achieve. reanimar t reanimate, revive. rebanar t slice. rebelar r rebel. rebeldía f insurgency. recado m message; present. recaer i relapse; fall (en, sobre, to, upon; sobre of blame etc.). recaudador collector. recelar t mistrust, be apprehensive, apprehend. recelo m mistrust, apprehensiveness, apprehension. receloso apprehensive, mistrustful. recibir t receive. recién N 43 9 newly. reciente recent; adv. —mente. recinto m precincts. recio stout, robust. reclamar t claim, call for, bring a claim (dat. against, acc. for). reclinar t rest, lay (obliquely). reclutar t recruit. recobrar t recover. recodo m bend. recoger t get together, get in, pick up, take in, withdraw, retire, sequester; r shrink down. recogimiento m retirement; restraint; abstraction from worldly thoughts. recolección f compend; harvest; collection (of money; Gall.? of objects of virtu). recomendación f recommendation. recomendar t recommend, enjoin. recompensar t recompense, repay, remunerate. reconciliación f reconciliation. reconciliar t reconcile. recóndito out of the way, secluded. reconocer t recognize. reconocimiento m recognition, acknowledgment. recordar t remind (a or acc. of), recall. recorrer t go over; explore. recortado scissored out, jagged, silhouette, silhouetted, N 173 34. recostar t bend back, lean back, lean. recrear t gladden, delight. recriminación f recrimination. rectitud f rectitude, uprightness. recto right, upright. recuerdo m reminding, recalling, remembrance; mention (over again). recurso m recourse, expedient, instrumentality. rechazar t repel, reject. rechinar i squeak, creak, jangle. rechoncho c chubby ('short and fat' A.). redactar t draw up, couch. redentor redeemer. redonda f district; a la—— round about. redondez f roundness, round. reducir t reduce; diminish. reedificar t rebuild. referencia f reference. referente relating. referir t refer, relate, report. reflexivo reflective; reflexive. reflujo m reflux. refregón m c rub, (hostile) wipe across (en); N 191 27. refrescar t refresh. refriega f skirmish. refugiar r take refuge. refugio m refuge. regadera f watering-pot. regalar t make one a present of. regar t water. régimen m rule, government. regimiento m regiment. región f region (A. '... 2. Space which, according to ancient philosophy, was occupied by each one of the four elements'). regir t govern, manage. registrar t inspect, examine, search. registro m registry; —— civil records of vital statistics. regla f ruler; rule. regocijar t gladden; r rejoice, indulge one's glee. regresar i return. regreso m return. regular regular; moderate, tolerable, pretty good; adv. —mente. rehén m, usually pl, (en as) hostage. rehusar t refuse. reina f queen. reinar i reign; prevail (be dominant). reino m kingdom. reír i laugh; m laugh; —se de laugh at. reiterar t reiterate. reja f window-grating. relación f relation, connection; narrative. relacionado acquainted, furnished with acquaintances. relámpago m flash of lightning. relato m tale. relevar t relieve. religión f religion. religiosidad f religious feeling. religioso religious; scrupulous. reloj m clock, watch (da strikes). relojera f watch-stand. rematar t dispatch, put through. remediar t help. remedio m remedy, help for it, way out; poner—— en remedy, redress. remendar t patch, piece. remojo m (de in) soak. remontar t exalt; r soar, mount up. remoquete m blow (fig. slap) in the face; sarcasm; decir el—— call one names (etc.) to his face. remordimiento m compunction, remorse. remoto far-off, distant; adv. —mente. renacer i be born again, spring into new life. rencor m rancor. Renialdos (Reinaldos) m Renaud, Rinaldo, Reynold; N 167 1. renovación f renovation. renovar t renew. renta f income; rent. renunciar t, or i w. a, renounce, resign. reñir i quarrel; t scold. reo culprit, prisoner at the bar. reparar t repair; note. reparo m consideration, hesitation, demur. repartidor distributor. repartir t distribute (por about). repente, de——, of a sudden, all at once. repetir t repeat. repitió see repetir. replicar t reply, rejoin. reponer t put back, replace, reply; r recover one's self. reposar i repose; —do reposeful, adv. —mente. reposo m repose. repregunta f cross-question. reprender t reprimand. reprensión f reproof. representante representative. representar t represent. reprimenda f reprimand. reprimir t repress. reproducir t reproduce. república f republic. republicano Republican. repugnante repulsive. repulsión f repugnance. repulsivo repellent. repuse see reponer. reputación f reputation; at 88 22-23 reputación is matter of opinion, fama is as to matters of fact. requerir t examine; require, call for. res f cow (or other cloven-footed beast). resabio m after-taste, tang; vestige, (bad) habit, trick. resentimiento m resentment. reserva f reserve. residencia f residence. residir i reside. resignación f resignation. resignar t resign. resistencia f resistance, opposition. resistir i resist, hold out; t resist (passions etc.); bear. resolución f resolution. resolver t resolve, decide, determine, settle; solve; resuelto determined etc., resolute, purposeful, brave; está resuelto has his mind made up. resonar i resound, echo. respecto m proportion, relation; —— a,—— de, with regard to. respetabilidad f high repute, respectability. respetable worthy, respectable. respetar t respect. respeto m respect. respetuoso respectful, deferential. respiración f breathing, respiration. respirar t breathe, take breath. respiro m breathing-time. resplandecer i gleam. resplandeciente gleaming. resplandor m splendor, luster. responder t answer, reply. responsabilidad f responsibility. responsable responsible (de for). responso m respond, responsory. respuesta f answer, reply. restablecer t reëstablish, restore. restante one who is left; remainder. resto m remainder, remnant, rest, pl remains. resucitar i come to life, rise from the dead. resuelvo see resolver. resuello m panting. resultado m result. resultar i the result is, it turns out that there is. resumen m recapitulation, gist; en—— to sum up. retablo m altar-piece, reredos, retable. retahila f string (series). retama f (bush of) broom (N 73 14). retardar t put off, delay. retebién extra well, capitally, N 11 5. retemblar i tremble repeatedly, shake again; (not in A.) brandish (con). retener t detain, retain. retirar t withdraw, retire, go. reto m defiance, challenge. retoño m sprout; (Gall.?) offspring, scion. retorcer t twist. retórica f rhetoric; pl c fudge, hocus-pocus. retórico rhetorician. retozar i frolic, frisk, skip, romp, play. retozo m frolic, romp. retratar t portray, depict. retrato m portrait, picture. retroceder i turn back. retruécano m antithetical inversion, (verbal) jugglery. rétulo m error for rótulo, título, address. retumbar i resound, reverberate. reunión f gathering. reunir t assemble, gather, get together. revelación f revelation, disclosure. revelar t reveal, disclose, betray. reverencia f reverence; bow. reverenciar t reverence. revés m reverse; al——, del (A. de) —— , reversed, topsy-turvy, back end foremost. revisión f revision, reëxamination. revista f review. revocar t revoke, whitewash (outside; with plaster of Paris), plaster (outside). revoltoso boisterous, turbulent, disturbing. revolución f revolution. revolver t stir, stir up, disturb; wrap, roll; —uelto turbulent, troubled. revólver m revolver. revuelto ptc of revolver. rezar t or i say prayers, N 172 15. ribera f riverside. ricacho depr augm of rico. rico rich. rich onomatopoeia for the rustling sound of a fan, a window-shade, etc. sharply moved. ridículo ridiculous. ríe see reír. riesgo m risk, risks. rígido stiff. rigor m rigor. riguroso rigorous, strict. rincón m corner (inside), nook. río m river, stream. riqueza f riches, wealth. risa f laugh, sg or pl laughter. risible laughable, droll. ristra f trace, rope (of onions etc.). risueño smiling, blithe. rito m rite. ritólicas error for retóricas. rivalidad f rivalry. rizar t crisp, curl, crimp. robar t rob (me lo me of it), steal, plunder; abduct. roble m oak. robo m robbery; abduction. robusto robust. roca f rock. rociada f (fall of) dew, bedewing, (fine) shower. rodar i roll, whirl. rodear t surround; i go around. rodeo m roundabout way, circumlocution. rodilla f (1) knee; de—— s on one's knees; (2) scrubbing-cloth, mop (not with handle). roer t gnaw. rogar t ask, beg, beseech. Roldán m Roland. Roma f Rome. romance m ballad, N 150 3. Romancero m Romancero, N 150 3. romano Roman. romboide adj (not in A.) and m rhomboid. romper t break, burst; break out (a reír laughing), break off; —se (dat.) la cabeza cudgel one's brains, wear out one's brains. ronco hoarse. rondador m night-walker. rondó m rondo. ropa f clothing, clothes, garment. ropero m wardrobe. ropón m wrapper ('ordinarily over the other clothing' A.). rosa f (also L) rose. Rosarillo = Rosarito. rosario m rosary; R—— f N 24 33. Rosarito (or better Rosarita, 24 28) f d of Rosario. rostro m countenance, face. roto ptc of romper; papeles—— s waste paper. rubio blond (hair). ruborizar r redden. rudimento m rudiment, elementary knowledge. rudo rough-hewn, rough. rueda f wheel; que hace la—— with outspread tail. ruego m request. rugir i roar. ruibarbo m rhubarb. ruido m noise. ruidoso noisy; adv. —mente. ruin vile, shabby, scurvy, despicable, infamous. ruina f ruin, fall. ruinoso ruinous. rumiante ruminant. rumiar t chew (as cud), ruminate. rumor m rumor; murmur, hum (A. '2, confused noise of voices; 3, vague dull continuous noise'). rústico rustic, rural, country. Rutilio m Rutilius, N 175 30. rutina f routine. sábado m Saturday. saber t know (as fact), know how; come to know; can, have the ability; m knowledge, learning; sepa usted let me tell you; no sé qué something or other, some ... or other (but yo no sé quién I do not know who); no sé por qué for some reason or other. sabiduría f wisdom, learning, sagacity. sabio wise, learned, scientific (man); sage, wise man, learned man, scientist, scholar. sablazo m saber-cut. sable m saber. saborear t relish. sacar t extract, get out, get, draw (out) (from, de or dat.); discover; —— de un error free from an error. sacerdotal priestly. sacerdote m priest. saco m sack (in almost all senses). sacramento m sacrament; N 187 9. sacrificar t sacrifice. sacrificio m sacrifice. sacrilegio m sacrilege. sacrílego sacrilegious. sacristán m sacristan. sacristía f sacristy. sacro sacred. sacudir t shake, shake off; r w. de or de encima shake off. saeta f arrow. sagaz sagacious, astute. sagrado consecrated, sacred. sagrario m sanctuary; a chapel (in a cathedral) serving as parish church, say parochial chapel or sagrario. sajón Saxon. sala f hall, (large) room. salida f start, going out, coming out, exit; (esp. w. tener and adj.) (sudden) idea, impulse; —— de tono rudeness of speech. saliente salient, projecting. salir i go out, come out, get out, leave (de); be drawn; —— con plump out, spring; —— adelante (A. avante) put the thing through (against difficulties). salitre m saltpeter. saliva f saliva. saltar i or t leap, jump. salto m leap, jump; —— de agua waterfall. salud f health. saludar t or i salute, greet. Salustio m Sallust. salutífero salutiferous, health-bringing. salvación f salvation. salvador saving, savior. salvaguardia f safe-conduct. salvaje wild, savage (as uncivilized, not as ferocious), primitive, uncivilized. salvar t save; pass over, overleap. salvedad f saving clause, limitation. salvo safe, saved; before noun saving, with deference to, without prejudice to, without denying. San for Santo before m. names of saints, that do not begin with unaccented To or Do. saneamiento m drainage. sangre f (hacer draw) blood. sangriento bloody. sanguijuela f leech. sanguinario sanguinary, bloody, bloody-minded. sanguíneo sanguine. sano healthy, sound, well; (of air) fresh, pure. santiguar r make the sign of the cross, cross one's self. santo holy; saint; blessed. saña f rabidness. saquear t plunder, loot, pillage. sarcasmo m sarcasm. sarcófago m sarcophagus. sargento m sergeant. sarta f string (of strung objects). Satanás m Satan. satisfacción f satisfaction. satisfacer t satisfy (de as to, a in, w. ptc. with); —echo self-satisfied (de over). saudades N 24 30. savia f sap. sayón m (mediaeval) executioner. sazón f season; a la—— then, at the time. sazonar t season. se himself, herself, itself, themselves; as acc., forms refl. verbs w. sense of Eng. i. or passive (less often of active t.), also in reciprocal sense or in sense of possibility, as lo reduzco a esto I reduce it to this, se reduce a esto it reduces to this, verse be seen, be to be seen, be visible, see each other, one sees, asustarse get scared; hoy no se trabaja no working to-day; also used impersonally as se me olvida I forget or as se renuncia al auxilio (note the a) the aid is renounced; as dat. often untr.; w. intr. verbs the refl. sense is commonly 'not felt except in an extremely evanescent and obscure way' (Bello), but may be recognized as suggesting spontaneity or vigor (id.). sé see saber. sea see ser. seca f drought. secar t dry. seco dry; gruff; (of blows) sharp (A. 'strong, quick, and not loud'); adv. —mente. secretaría f secretaryship, office of the secretary. secretario secretary. secreto secret; m secret, secrecy. secta f sect. secuestrar t treat as a prisoner. secundario secondary. sed f thirst. sede f see. seducir t seduce, beguile. seductor seductive, seducing, seducer. seguida f sequence; en—— next, at once. seguir t follow, go on with; i go on, keep on (por in); —do consecutive, successive, running. según according to, in accordance with, as is; as; it seems to; to judge from; (also —— y conforme) that depends; —— está de he is so. segundo second, secondary; m second. seguridad f security, assurance, certainty, safety. seguro (tener por be, make) sure, certain, sure-footed, safe; adv. —mente be sure to, beyond a doubt; de—— assuredly. seis six. selección f selection. selvicultura f forestry. sellar t seal, stamp; N 64 23. semana f week. semblante look, expression; face. semejante like (a); such. semejanza f likeness. semejari resemble (a). semental for breeding. semestre m six months, semi-annual payment. semilla f seed. seminario m seminary (theological or other). sencillez f simplicity. sencillo simple; adv. —mente. senda f path. sendos pl each a. seno m bosom. sensación f sensation. sensibilidad f sensibility. sensible perceptible by the senses; painful. sensiblería f nonce-word? sensitivism. sentar t seat; lay on; i w. dat. become; r sit down, sit. sentencia f dictum, maxim, sentence (in law, not in grammar) decision. sentencioso sententious; adv. —mente. sentido m sense, senses, purport; (en to) effect. sentimental sentimental. sentimentalismo m sentimentalism. sentimiento m sentiment, feeling. sentir t feel, perceive, hear; be sorry (for, acc.), regret; tanto—— feeling so much (lit. so much feeling, taking feeling as strictly verbal noun and not as an abstract which has become independent of the verb). seña f sign, signal, countersign. señal f mark, token; signal (to do a thing). señalar t mark; point to, point out. señor lord, gentleman, Mr., sir, master; before other titles, nouns of kinship, etc., untr., but expressing respect; —— mio sir. señorito young gentleman, Mr., Master. sepa see saber. separación f separation. separar t part, separate. sepulcro m tomb; de—— tomb-like. sepultura f burial, burial-place, grave. sequía f drought; (not in A.) droughtiness. ser i be (permanently, in essence); auxiliary of passive; m being, creature; es que the fact is, the thing is, or untr.; lo que es as to; ¿no es esto? ¿no es eso? isn't that so? didn't you? won't he? etc.; cf. él;—— de become of. seráfico seraphic. serenar t calm down. serenidad f serenity, equanimity. sereno serene; m night watchman. serie f series. seriedad f seriousness. serio serious, grave. sermón m sermon. sermoncillo m sermonette; loosely, palaver. sermonear t lecture. servicio m service; de—— on duty, in waiting, in use. servidor servant. servidumbre f servitude, easement; household, servants. servir t serve (de for, as); be good (be serviceable; para for); para—— a usted at your service. seso m (good) sense; brain, pl brains. sesudo sensible. severidad f severity. severo severe, rigorous; adv. —mente. Sevilla f Seville. sexagenario sixty years old. sexo m sex. si if; why w. comma in Eng. ('to give emphasis or energy,' A.; introducing the ground of an implied assertion, Bello); now, unaccented; —— no if not, unless, else (N 64 1); un—— es no es a bit, a trifle. sí pr see se; adv yes; indeed; emphasizes positive statement in antithesis to no; (also —— que) = emphatic auxiliary do, or emphasis on other auxiliary in Eng.; after que it is, I do, it is so, etc.; —— que lo es it is, it is that (accent 'is'); un día—— y otro no every other day. sibarita Sybarite, sybarite. siembra f sowing, planting. siempre always, ever, still, right along; —— que whenever, provided that; lo de—— the same old story. sien f temple. siendo see ser. siente see sentir. sierra f saw; (jagged) mountain-range. siete seven; guerra de los—— años seven-year war, N 125 19, not the Seven Years' War. siglo m age, century. significar t mean. significativo significant. signo m sign, symbol. sigo see seguir. siguiente following; el—— this; día—— morrow. sílaba f syllable. silbato m whistle. silencio m silence. silencioso silent. silla f chair. sillón m armchair. símbolo m symbol. simpatía f sympathy; liking. simpático winning, genial, fascinating, agreeable, acceptable. simple simple. simplote simple indeed. simular t simulate, make a pretense of. sin without;-less (e.g. —— defensa defenseless); w. inf. un-w. adj. or ptc. (e.g. —— poder unable, —— ser oído unheard); —— que vieran without their seeing. sinceridad f sincerity. sincero sincere. singular peculiar, especial, rare, extraordinary. singularidad f peculiarity, oddity, thing out of the common track. siniestro left (hand); sinister. sino connecting words except, unless, but; anything but, anybody but (—— a to anything but, to anybody but); other than; connecting clauses but after neg.; no parece—— que it seems for all the world as if. sintetizar t synthesize (for Galdos' use cf. resumir summarize). síntoma m symptom. siquiera at least; w. neg. even. sirena f Siren. sirte f Syrtis (sandbanks of African coast; Acts xxvii, 17). sirve see servir. sirviente (household) servant, domestic. sistema m system, method. sistemático systematic. sitio m place, spot, locality. situación f situation, position; state. situado (ptc of situar) situated. so m c you ... thing. soberbia f arrogance, conceit, asperity. soberbio conceited; furious, wild, mad, all worked up; (of horse) spirited. soborno m subornation, bribery, bribe, (pecuniary) inducements. sobrar i be left over, be more than enough. sobre over, on, upon, above; about, as to; —— todo above all. sobrenatural supernatural. sobreponer t set above. sobresaliente distinguished, eminent. sobrevenir t come over, come upon. sobrinejo no-account nephew, that nephew of—— 's. sobrinillo, sobrinito, little nephew, young nephew. sobrino nephew. sobrio temperate, moderate (de in). socarrón sly; adv. —mente. social social. sociedad f society. socio colleague, member. socorro m succor; del S—— 62 27. sofá m sofa. sofisma m, sofistería f, sophistry. sofocar t smother, suffocate. sofoco m suffocation; disgust. sol m sun. solapado veiled, dissembling. soldadito m little soldier, dear soldier. soldado m soldier. soldadote m high and mighty soldier. soldadura f solder, soldering. soledad f solitude. solemne solemn; momentous; adv. —mente. solemnidad f solemnity. soler t be in the habit of, use to, be apt to, be wont to; suele decirse is commonly said. solfa f music (by note); c drubbing. solicitar t solicit, beg, apply for; draw, attract. solidaridad f solidarity. sólido solid; well founded. solitario solitary. solo only, single, solitary, alone; adv. sólo only, just; a—— as by one's self, in solitude; tan sólo merely. soltar t let go, let out. sollozar i sob. sollozo m sob. sombra f shadow, shade, the dark. sombrear t enshadow. sombrero m hat. sombrío gloomy. someter t reduce to submission, subject; r submit. son verb see ser. son m sound (of melody; A. 'a sonido that is pleasing to the ear; especially such as is artistically made'). sonajear i jingle. sonar i sound, sound out; —do famous, notable; hacer—— sound t. sonido m sound. sonoro sonorous. sonreír i smile. sonrisa f smile. sonrisilla f d of sonrisa. sonrojo m blush. sonrosado pink, rosy. sonsonete m patter, rat-a-tat (A. 'sound resulting from repeated small blows, imitating a musical note'); sneering tone. soñador dreamer. sonar t dream of; i dream (con of (things), en of (actions)). sopicaldo m, not in A. (dish of) soup (caldo) with bread shredded in (sopas). soportar t stand, endure. sordo deaf; silent; faint, dull (sound). sorprendente surprising. sorprender t surprise. sorpresa f surprise. sosegar t compose; —do calm, placid. sosiego m composure, calmness. sospecha f suspicion. sospechar t suspect, r there is a suspicion. sospechoso suspicious. sostener t hold up, uphold, hold, maintain, carry on. sotana f cassock. Sr. = Señor. su his, her, its, their; (also su ... de usted) your. suave gentle, easy, soft; adv. —mente. subida f ascent. subir t raise, lift, carry up; i go up, come up, climb up; de tono raise the key of one's voice, pitch one's voice higher. súbito sudden; de—— all of a sudden; cf. improviso; adv. —mente. sublimar t exalt, raise to sublimity. sublime sublime; lo—— the sublimity. sublimidad f sublimity, grand idea. subsistir i persist, exist, last. substancia f substance, essence, subsistence. subterfugio m subterfuge. suceder i occur, take place, happen; —ido c thing that happened. sucesivo succeeding; successive; adv. —mente. suceso m event, occurrence. sucumbir i succumb. sudar i sweat, perspire. sudor m sweat, perspiration. suegro father-in-law. sueldo m pay, salary. suelo m ground, soil; floor. suelta see soltar. suelto loose; odd; brisk; N 129 5. sueño m sleep; sleepiness; dream. suerte f fortune; sort. Suetonio m Suetonius. sufrir t suffer. sugerir t suggest. sujeto subject, subjected; m subject; person. sulfurar t get hot, get into a rage. suma f sum; en—— in short. sumaria f charges. sumisión f submission, submissiveness. sumiso submissive. sumo the highest, the greatest; signal, extreme. superar t outdo, beat. superficial superficial. superior superior; higher, upper. superioridad f superiority. superposición f overlaying, superposition. superstición f superstition. supersticioso superstitious. supino supine; (of ignorance) careless, inexcusable, negligent. súplica f supplication. suponer t suppose, suppose to be; vamos a—— (let us) suppose; por supuesto of course. suposición f supposition. supremacía f supreme superiority. supremo supreme. sur m south. surgir i arise, spring up, crop up. susceptible susceptible; touchy, over-sensitive. suscripción f (hacer take up) subscription. susodicho lawyer's word aforesaid, lit. abovesaid. suspender t suspend; lift into the air. suspirar i sigh. suspirito m d of suspiro; S—— s Sighie. suspiro m sigh. suspirón ever-sighing, sighful. sustentáculo m support. sustentar t maintain. sustituir t replace (this by that); i (not in A.) take the place of (a). susto m alarm, scare. sutil subtile, fine; light (hand); slender; ingenious. sutileza f subtlety. suyo his etc., his etc. own; yours; hacer de las—— as be up to their tricks, N 7 16. taberna f bar-room, saloon. Tácito m Tacitus. taciturno taciturn, uncommunicative. tachonar t stud. tafetán m taffeta. tahalí m shoulder-belt. tal such; any such; such and such a; that; un—— Mateo one Mateo; —— cual once in a while a; con—— que, con—— de que, so long as (in sense of proviso). talante m will, pleasure, air, appearance, style; de mal—— sourly, unwillingly, in a bad humor, with a displeased air, testily. talentazo m augm of talento. talento m talent. talón m heel; check (in coupon form, e.g. for baggage). talle m figure, make. también also, too. tampoco as little, no more, neither, not ... either, not that (etc.) either; w. neg. either; ni—— nor yet, or yet. tan so, as; in loose translation such; as much of a, so much of a; —— sólo solely; la idea—— sólo the bare idea; qué ...—— fuerte what a strong, what a mighty; —— ... como equally ... and; siempre—— as ... as ever. tantear t take the measure of, sound; i (not in A.) feel one's way. tantico m little bit. tanto so much, as much, as much of; so many a; in loose translation such, so; pl so many, as many; un—— a bit, rather, to some degree; en——, entre——, meanwhile; al —— posted, informed (de about); por lo—— consequently; —— así 'so much as that' (Knapp), the least bit. tañer t play (musical instrument). tapa f flap, lid. tapar t cover up, stop up, stop. taparrabo m breech-clout. tapete m (table-)cloth. tapia f tapia (1, block of earth made in a mold as part of a wall; 2, wall of such construction), mud wall (cased with brick 212 29 tapiar t wall up. tapujar t muffle, disguise. tapujo m muffling, disguise, blind, dissimulation. tarambana rattle-head. tararear m humming (of a tune). tardanza f delay. tardar i delay, linger, lose time, be late, be long in coming etc.. tarde f afternoon, evening; adv late; too late; buenas—— ~s good afternoon. tarea f (en at) task, toil. tasa f appraisement, limit, stint. te you (familiar); r see se. teatro m theater. techo m roof; ceiling. tedio m repugnance, disrelish. tejado m roof. tejar m brickyard, N 65 10. tejer t weave. tela f cloth. telar m loom. telegrafiar t or i telegraph. telegráfico telegraphic. telégrafo m telegraph. tema m text; theme, topic; hobby, crotchet, (permanent) fixed idea. temblar i tremble. temblor m trembling, tremble, quiver. temer t fear, be afraid of. temeridad f rashness. temible redoubtable, formidable. temor m fear (esp. as motive). tempestad f tempest. temple m temper (of metal); fig. grain. templo m temple. temporal temporal. temprano early. tenacillas f pl (d of tenaza(s) tongs) curling-tongs, crimping-iron. tender t or i stretch, spread out, tend. tenebrario m tenebrarium ('hearse' for candles at tenebrae). tenebroso murky, darksome. tener t have; hold, keep; hold in; there is ... for; tengo is the matter with me; aquí tienes here is (more lit. here is for you, as if 'ethical dative'); qué tiene de particular what is there special about it; —— hambre etc. be hungry etc.; —— dos años be two years old; —— la culpa be to blame, be responsible; —— por regard as, think; —— para have enough for, or supply occupation, a supply, etc.; in —— para w. inf. often supply 'the' in Eng.; —— que w. inf. have to, have ... to, have something to, have things to; no—— las todas consigo not be at ease in one's mind (for las cf. N 7 16). teniente m lieutenant. tenientejo m no-account lieutenant. Tenorio m Don Juan (N 86) 24. tentar t feel, try, tempt. tentativa f attempt, trial. tenue fine, delicate, slender, slight. teñir t dye. teodolito m theodolite. teología f theology. teológico theological. teólogo theologian. teoría f theory. tercer[o] third. terciopelo m velvet. terco obstinate, pertinacious. tergiversar t wrest, misrepresent. terminante distinct (of commands). terminar t terminate. término m term; territory (governmentally dependent on a city). ternera f veal. terneza f tenderness, expression of affection. ternura f tenderness, affection. terquedad f stubbornness, obduracy; wrangling; (not in A.) crotchet. terrado m flat roof (not generally top of main building), roofless balcony, (roof-)terrace. terremoto m earthquake. terreno m ground, field, sphere. terrible terrible. terror m terror. terruño m piece of ground. tertulia f social circle, evening of conversation, conversazione, company, conversation. tertuliar i spend the evening (socially). tesoro m treasure, thesaurus. testamentaría f execution of will, administration of estate. testarudo stubborn, pig-headed. testero m side, front. testigo m or f witness. thesaurum L acc thesaurus. ti you w. prep., familiar. tibieza f lukewarmness; listlessness. Tibulo m Tibullus. tiempo m (a in, precisely in) time, weather; un —— for a time; hace—— (que) for quite a while. tienda f shop. tiene see tener. tierno tender. tierra f earth, land, ground, region; por estas—— s about this part of the country. tiesto m potsherd, flowerpot (A. 'maceta,' but note difference in quality at 93 12, 16). tiniebla f usually in pl darkness, the dark; N 196 8 tino m skill, good judgment, capacity, gumption. tinta f paint, dye; ink; tint. tinte m dye; shade. tío uncle. tipo m type; original, oddity, monstrosity (vulgarly merely scoundrel); cada—— all sorts of odd fish. tiránico tyrannical. tirano tyrant. tirar t or i throw, throw away; pull, draw (de by); fire; tend; extend. tiro m shot. tísico phthisical. Tito m Titus; N 150 32; —— Livio Livy. titulado so-called. título m title; address (on envelope etc.). tocar t or i touch; play (musical instrument); ring (a for); appertain, concern (a). todavía still, as yet. todito c for todo, N 44 28. todo all, every, the whole of; altogether; m anything, everything (often w. untr. lo, N 32 17), pl everybody, all; —— s los días every day; —— lo que quieras as much as you please; de—— all sorts; no del—— not altogether, not quite; en—— y por—— to the utmost. toga f toga; magisterial gown. tolerancia f tolerance. tolerar t tolerate, stand. toma f taking, capture. tomar t take, take on; toma there, well. tomo m volume. tono m pitch, key; tone; buen—— good breeding, style; darse—— make one's self important. tontería f (piece of) silliness, silly thing. tonto silly, stupid, fool, blockhead. topar i fall in with, come across, hit against (con). torbellino m whirlwind; swarm, concourse, profusion, congestion. torcer t twist, bend, turn, crook; adv. —idamente. tormenta f storm. tormento m torment, torturing. tornar t or i turn; —— a w. inf. over again. torno m wheel (machine so called); going around; en—— de around. toro m bull; pl bull-fight, bullfighting. torpe clumsy, dull; gross, foul, unseemly; unlovely. torre f tower. torvo glowering. tosco rough, uncouth, rude. total total; adv. —mente. totalidad f totality. trabajador industrious, worker. trabajar i or t work. trabajo m work, labor. trabar t join, mix, engage in, enter into. tractado f obs for tratado. tradición f tradition. traducción f translation. traducir t translate. traer t bring, carry; give (pain etc., w. ptc. corresponding to Eng object noun); —— entre manos have in hand. tráfico m traffic. tragaluz m light (properly small window high up in the wall, or else skylight). tragar t swallow. tragedia f tragedy. traginero (A. trajinero) carrier, teamster. trago m draft. traición f (hacer commit) treason; a—— by foul play, sneakingly, underhandedly. traidor traitor; theatrical villain. traigo see traer. trailla f leash, couple, pack. traje m costume. trampa f pitfall; trapdoor; 'caer en la—— fig c = caer en el lazo' A.; se lleva la—— el x. c the x. fizzles out, the x. comes to nothing, the x. falls through. trance m crisis; (trying) experience. tranquilidad f tranquillity, quietness, quiet. tranquilizar t calm down, set at ease. tranquilo tranquil, calm, at ease; adv. —mente. transcurrir i pass (of time). transeunte transient, passer-by. transformar t transform. transladar t transfer. transmitir t transmit. transparente m shade. transportar t transport. Trapisonda f Trebizond. trapo m rag, (piece of refuse) cloth. tras, tras de, behind, after, back of. trasbordar t tranship, i change cars. trasero hind, hinder, back. trasparencia f transparency. traspasar t run through, strike through; overpass, go beyond. trasplantar t transplant. trasquila f (sheep-)shearing. trasquilar i shear (the sheep). trastazo m blow ('porrazo' A.). trastienda f back shop; long-headedness. trasto m piece of furniture (esp. when it becomes rubbish), utensil; pl implements; (a gentleman's ordinary) weapons. trastornar t upset, turn. tratado m treaty; treatise, discussion. tratar t treat; associate with (acc.; or i, not r according to A., w. con), be acquainted with; i endeavor (de); speak (of); r im it is a question, it is about (de). trato m intercourse, manner, manners. travesura f (piece of) naughtiness, mischievousness ('with skill and ingenuity,' A.). travesurilla f little bit of mischief. travieso restless, uneasy, giddy, flighty, wayward. traza f design, device. trazar t chalk out, mark out, draw the lines of, trace. trece thirteen; seguir en sus—— stick to it. trecho m interval. treinta thirty. tremendo formidable, tremendous, fearful. trémulo tremulous, trembling. tren m (railway) train. Trento m Trent (in eastern Alps). tres three. tresillo m tresillo (a short three-handed game of cards). treta f feint. triángulo m triangle. tribulación f tribulation. tribunal m court, tribunal. trigo m wheat. trillador threshing, thresher; -a sc. máquina. trillar t thresh. trimestral quarterly; adv. —mente. trinar i trill, warble. tripería f tripe-market. triste sad, dismal, downcast; distasteful. tristeza f sadness, dreariness, dejection. triunfal triumphal. triunfante triumphant. triunfar i triumph. triunfo m triumph. triunvirato m triumvirate. trocar t exchange; (A. only as r.) change, turn. Trojae qui primus ab oris L who first from Troy's coasts. trompeta f trumpet. tropa f troop; troops, soldiers; los de—— the regulars. tropel m disorderly haste, hurry, flurry. tropezar i stumble upon, come against, run against (con). tropo m trope, metaphor. trote m trot. Troya f Troy. troyano Trojan. trozo m bit, piece. tu your (familiar). tú you (familiar). tumba f sepulcher. tumulto m tumult. tunante scamp, reprobate. túnel m tunnel. turba f mob, (confused) throng. turbación f perturbation. turbamulta f mob, (confused) throng. turbar t disturb, perturb, upset; adv. —damente agitatedly. turbio turbid, muddy. tutear t say 'tu' to. tutelar adj. guardian. tuvo see tener. tuyo yours (familiar). uf O dear, O my. ulterior ulterior, further. último last, utmost; latter; adv. —mente recently; por—— finally. ultraje m outrage. umbral m threshold; portal. unanimidad f unanimity; homogeneity, identity (of ideas). único single, only, sole; adv. —mente. uniforme m uniform. unión f union. unir t unite, bring together; —se a join, join with. universidad f university. universitario university, of the university. un[o] a; one; N 153 15, N 46 3; pl some, a few, a lot of, a set of, a pair of, or untr.; —— y otro both, the two; —— día y otro day by day; el—— ... el otro,—— s ... otros, each other; some ... others; el—— o (neg. ni) el otro either one; a la-a at one (o'clock). uña f finger-nail; claw; —— y carne hand and glove; hence —— y carne de hand in glove with. urbanidad f urbanity, civility. urbano urban, city; urbane, polite, adv. —mente. urbs L f city. urbsaugustanus-a-um, urbsaugustensis-e, impromptu L Urbaugustan. urgente urgent, urgently important. urna f urn, vase. usar t use, customarily use. uso m use. usted you. usual ordinary. usura f usury. útil useful. utilizar t utilize, make use of. utopia f a Utopia. va see ir. vaca f cow. vacilar i waver. vacío empty; m empty space, void. vadear t ford. vagabundo roving, wandering, vagabond. vagar i wander. vago vagrant, vague; loafer; adv. —mente. vaguedad f vagueness, indefiniteness. Valdeflores m Bloomingdale. valentía f prowess; bravado. valentón roisterer, bully, fighting man. valer t or i be worth, amount to, avail, import, be of importance, carry weight; be good (para for); r employ (de), make use; m worth, importance; —— más be better; más vale better; de qué vale what good does ... do, (of) what good is; ni cosa que lo valga nor anything of the kind; válgame Dios bless me; de tan poco—— who amounts to so little. valeroso valorous, of valor. valiente brave. valor m value, worth; import, consequence; valor, courage. valle m valley (of some breadth). vampiro m vampire. vanidad f vanity. vano empty, hollow, vain; groundless; trivial. vapor m (al by) steam. vaporoso misty, nebulous. vara f rod; as measure vara, nearly a yard. variar i change (de curso its course). variedad f variety. vario various, varied, variegated, sundry. varón m male (of man; macho of beast); in honorific phrases man. varonil male, masculine. Varrón m Varro. vaso m vessel; tumbler. vástago m shoot, sprout, fig. scion. vasto vast, extensive, spacious. vaya see ir. vecindad f neighborhood. vecindario m population, body of citizens. vecino neighboring, near by, neighbor; citizen (resident with independent household), taxpayer. vegetación f vegetation. vegetal m member of the vegetable kingdom. vehemencia f vehemence. vehemente vehement, impetuous. veinte twenty. vejación f vexation. vejamen m molestation, misadventure. Vejarruco:-uco is depr. suffix, vejarrón (-ón augm. suffix) 'c. augm. of viejo' A.. vejez f old age. vela f candle. velar i keep awake. veleta f weather-vane. velo m veil. veloz swift. vencer t overcome, vanquish; i win, be successful; (of time) be up, come to an end; r repress one's self; —ido due, that has fallen due. vender t sell. Venecia f Venice. venerable venerable. veneración f (en held in) veneration. venerando reverend, entitled to veneration. venerar t revere. venga see venir. venganza f revenge. vengar t revenge; r take revenge (de on). vengativo revengeful, vindictive. venida f coming. venir i come; be ... as one comes; —— mal a be a bad thing for; venga, vengan, out with. ventajoso advantageous. ventana f window. ventilar t ventilate. ver t see (de w. inf. about), look at; r find one's self, be, see also under se; (bien, mal) visto (well, ill) thought of; por lo visto apparently; a —— let us see; vamos a—— let's have it; tener que—— con have to do with; —se con pick a crow with; ya se ve of course. veras f pl (de in) earnest; de—— seriously. verbosidad f verbosity. verdad f truth; es—— it is true (in assent); ¿no es——? isn't that so? won't you, etc.; ¿——? don't I, haven't you, isn't he, etc.. verdadero true, real, genuine; adv. —mente. verde green. verdeguear i show green, be tinged with green. verdor greenness. verdoso greenish. verdugo m executioner. vereda f footpath. vergel m (esp. pleasant) garden. vergonzoso shameful, ignominious. vergüenza f shame, sense of shame. verídico truth-telling, truthful. verosímil plausible, credible. versión f version. verso m line (of poetry), verse. vestido m dress, clothing. vestir t dress; dress in; i dress, be dressed. vetusto ancient. vez f time (as 'three times,' not as 'long time'); una—— once; de una—— all at once, once for all; unas veces in some cases; alguna—— now and then, once or twice, ever; otra—— again; pocas veces seldom, not much; cada —— más more and more; tal—— perhaps (climax after quizás 103 28, 104 1); en—— de instead of; hacer las veces de take the place of, serve instead of. vía f thoroughfare, way, track. viaducto m viaduct. viajante wayfarer, traveler. viajar i travel. viaje m (hacer take) journey, trip; de—— traveling. viajero traveler. víbora f viper, adder. vibrante vibrant, vibrating. vibrar i vibrate. vicio m vice. vicioso vicious. víctima f (hacer claim) victim. victoria f victory. victorioso victorious. vida f life; en mi (etc.) —— sometimes never in the world. videncia f (not in A.) power of sight. vidriera f the glass (of a window or door); glass door etc.. vidriero (only with puerta) glass, glazed. vidrio m glass. viejo old; old man. viene see venir. viento m wind. vientre m belly, stomach, abdomen. vigilancia f vigilance. vigilar i watch, keep watch (at night). vigor m vigor. vigoroso vigorous. vil vile, base. villa f town (e.g. Madrid). villanía f act of baseness, villainy. villano commoner, plebeian; boor. villorrio m little cluster of houses. vinagre m vinegar. vino m wine. vinoso crapulous, boozy. viña f vineyard. violación f violation; as less direct term for rape now represented in American newspapers by criminal assault. violencia f violence (de obra in act), violence to one's self. violentar t do violence to. violento violent; adv. —mente. vireinato m viceroyalty. virgen virgin (word perhaps even more completely appropriated to religious and fig. uses than in Eng.). virgiliano Vergilian. Virgilio m Vergil. virilidad f manhood. virtud f virtue. virtuoso virtuous, possessed of virtue(s), potent; (m in Italian, Eng., etc.; not in A.) virtuoso; this sense as adj. —ísimo superlative in virtuosity, of supreme virtuosity. visagra (A. bisagra) f hinge. visera f visor. visible visible; adv. —mente. visita f visit; visitor, visitors. visitar t visit. viso m height; (patch of) shimmer; appearance; de—— conspicuous. vista f (de by) sight, view (often tr. eyes); hearing, trial; a la—— in sight, before one, under one's eyes. visto ptc of ver. vital of life, vital. vitis L acc pl grapevines. vituperar t abuse. vituperio m abusiveness, indignity. viudez f widowhood. viudo widower. vivaracho vivacious, rollicking. viveza f liveliness. vivienda f dwelling, abode, house. viviente living; living soul. vivir i live (de on; con by, with); -a,-an, que-a, long live, hurrah for. vivo living, alive, lively, brisk, quick, strenuous, keen; adv. —mente. vocablo m word, term. vociferar t vociferate. volante flying. volar i fly, be on the wing; echar besos—dos throw kisses, blow kisses. volcán m volcano. volcánico volcanic. volcar t upset. voluble circling, gyrating, ever-turning. voluntad f will, volition. volver t or i turn; go back, come back; turn to; come to, recover one's senses; —— a w. inf. again, be going to again; que no se vuelva a hablar that no more be said; —— por defend, befriend, champion, stand up for, uphold; —— loco drive crazy, r go crazy; vuelto return (mail). voraz voracious; adv. —mente. voto m vow, invocation, execration. voz f voice. vuecencia f your excellency; mucha—— tr. w. quotation marks between the two words. vuelo m flight (of birds etc.; not of fugitives except metaphorically). vuelta f turn, return; dar—— s go back and forth (A. 'looking for a thing without finding it'; varias several times), go round and round, turn over and over, shilly-shally over; —— a mañana,—— con mañana, to-morrow to-morrow tomorrow! dando una —— por taking a roundabout course through; por más—— s que le des twist and turn it as you will; no hay que darle—— s there's no use talking. vuelve see volver. Vulcano m Vulcan. vulgar ordinary, popular; adv. —mente. vulgaridad f commonplace. wagón (A. vagón; A. does not acknowledge w as a letter of the modern Spanish alphabet) m (railway) car. wals (A. vals) m waltz. y and; omission of the words which should precede is commonly a sign of exclamatory language. ya already, now (in antithesis to past or future; ahora simply marks the present in itself; for form of verb cf. N 169 13), right away, in good time, sometimes untr.; oh well; sure enough; —— se me figuraba I had already been fancying; —— era tiempo it was quite time; —— puede may just; —— que seeing that, since. yacer i lie (often of the dead). yelmo m helmet. yerba see hierba. yermo waste, desert. yo I. yugo m yoke. zagal (young) shepherd, horse-boy. zagalillo little horse-boy. zalamero blandishing, cajoling. zampar t slip out of sight, juggle away; gobble. zángano m drone (bee). zapatito m little shoe. zapato m shoe. zarzuela f zarzuela (N 63 27), vaudeville (not in sense of variety show). zas 'word expressing the sound of a blow or the blow itself' A., 'and many other sounds' Knapp. zascandil m potwalloper (A. 'contemptible, obstreperous, troublesome man who tries to give himself standing by meddling and offering what he cannot fulfill').. zig zag m zigzag. zorra f fox. zozobra f uneasiness, anxiety. zumbar i buzz, hum. zumbidillo m d of zumbido. zumbido m buzz.