VOCABULARY

The sign ~ means a repetition of the word in black type at the beginning of the paragraph; thus, under acordar, "~ se" means acordarse.

a to, at, on, by, with, in, according to, within; as sign of personal object is not to be translated; ~ muerte o ~ vida it is life or death; ~ pesar de in spite of; ~ qué why; ~ no ser por were it not for; ~ través de across, through

abajo below, beneath

abalanzarse sobre rush impetuously at

abandonar abandon, forsake

abierto, -a (pp. of abrir) open

abismado, -a (pp. of abismar) buried in thought, dejected

abismo m. abyss

abonar support, bear out

aborrecer irreg. abhor, hate

abortar miscarry, fail

abrasar burn, fire; madden

abrazar embrace

abrigar shelter

abrir irreg. open; ~ la marcha go at the head, lead; ~ paso clear the way

abrumar crush, weary

absorto, -a (pp. irreg. of absorber) absorbed, amazed

aburrido, -a (pp. of aburrir) bored

aburrirse de be bored with

acá here, hither

acabar finish, come to an end; ~ de have just

acaloradamente heatedly, earnestly

acaso perhaps, perchance

acatar respect, observe

acceso m. access, attack (of illness or emotion)

acción f. action

acento m. accent, tone, voice

aceptar accept

acerbo, -a bitter

acercarse approach

acero m. steel; sword

acertar irreg. hit by chance, guess rightly; happen to, succeed in

acompañado, -a (pp. of acompañar) accompanied

acompañar accompany, escort

acordar irreg. resolve, determine, grant (used of king when he determines something which he will later authorize with his official seal and signature); ~ se remember, recall; ~ se de remember

acosado, -a (pp. of acosar) pursued closely

acosar harass, pursue, beset

actitud f. attitude, position; en ~ de marcharse as if about to go away

acto m. act

actor m. actor; primer ~ leading man

actriz f. actress

acudir a go to, attend, repair to, have recourse to

adalid m. chief, champion

Adán Adam

adelantar advance; ~ se advance, approach

adelante ahead, forward

ademán m. look, appearance, expression, gesture

además besides, moreover

adentro inside, within

adiós good-by

adivinar guess, foretell

admirable admirable

admirar admire, wonder at

adornar adorn

adulador m. flatterer

advertir irreg. observe; give notice, give warning, acquaint

afán m. anxiety, eagerness

afanoso, -a anxious, eager

afectado, -a (pp. of afectar) affected

afectar affect, feign

afectuoso, -a affectionate

afición f. fondness, attachment

afirmar declare, assert

afirmativo, -a affirmative

aflicción f. affliction

afligirse grieve, repine

afogonarse miss fire

afrentar affront, insult, shame

afuera outside

agitado, -a (pp. of agitar) agitated

agitar agitate, perturb; wave, shake; ~ se be busied

agonía f. last moments, agony

agotar exhaust; ~ se become exhausted

agua f. water; hacer ~ leak

aguardar wait for, await (expectantly)

agudo, -a acute, shrewd

ah ah, oh

ahí there (near person addressed); here

ahogado, -a (pp. of ahogar) stifled, drowned; morir ~ en la orilla cf. orilla

ahogar stifle; ~ se be smothered, be suffocated, be drowned

ahora now; por ~ for the time being, now

ahorcar hang

aire m. air, expression, look, demeanor

ajeno, -a strange, foreign, belonging to another, of another

al = a + el

ala f. wing

alabarda f. halberd, pike

alabardero m. halberdier, pikeman

alambicar distill; be unnecessarily particular

alarde m. ostentation, boast, manifestation; en regio ~ as if she were the sovereign himself, with royal show

alargar extend, hold out

alborozo m. gayety, joy, rejoicing

albur m. first draw at monte; chance, risk; jugar un ~ take a risk, take a chance

alcaide m. governor (of castle), warden, guardian

alcalde m. mayor; ~ mayor de casa y corte judge who with his fellows formed one fifth of chamber of Consejo de Castilla, see note, l. 2340

alcanzar overtake, grasp, obtain, attain

alcázar m. castle, palace

alcotán m. lanner (hawk)

alegrarse de rejoice in, be delighted at

alegre cheerful, gay, joyous

alegría f. joy, gladness

alejar remove; ~ se move away, go away; ~ del bien lead astray

alerta vigilantly, on the watch

alfiler m. pin; prender con ~ es pin up, pin on, pin together, fig. put together flimsily

alfombra f. carpet

algarabía f. jargon, gabble, hubbub

algo something, anything, somewhat

alguacil m. constable, bailiff

alguien some one

algún see alguno

alguno, -a some, any, some one

aliento m. breath

alivio m. relief

alma f. soul, heart; del ~ beloved

alojamiento m. lodgings

alquitara f. still

alquitarado (pp. of alquitarar) -a distilled, purified, put through a purifying process

alrededor around, round about; ~ de about, around; a su ~ around her etc.

alternativamente alternately

alteza f. highness

altivez f. arrogance, pride

altivo, -a arrogant, proud, haughty

alto, -a high, noble; deep

altura f. height, summit, heights

alumbrado, -a (pp. of alumbrar) lighted

alumbrador m. torch-bearer, light-bearer

alumbrar illuminate, enlighten, light

alzar raise; ~se rise; rebel

allá there, thither; por ~ in that direction

allí there; por ~ that way, there

amanecer irreg. dawn

amante loving

amante m. or f. lover

amar love

amargo, -a bitter

amargura f. bitterness

amarillo, -a yellow

ambición f. ambition

ambicionar pursue as an ambition; covet

ambos, -as both

amén amen

amenazante threatening, menacing

amigo, -a friend

amistad f. friendship

amor m. love; pl. love affair(s)

amparo m. protection, refuge

ancho, -a broad

andar irreg. go, walk, act, go about; often equivalent to estar; ~ por las ramas fix one's attention on the least important part of the question, beat about the bush

ángel m. angel; ~ malo evil genius

angustia f. anguish, suffering

anhelar long for, desire anxiously

aniquilar annihilate, destroy

aniversario anniversary

anochecer irreg. become night, grow dark; al ~ at nightfall

ansia f. anxiety, eagerness

ansiedad f. anxiety; con ~ anxiously

ante before, in front of

antecámara f. antechamber

anterior preceding, former

antes formerly, before; ~ de before

anunciar announce

añadir add

año m. year; al ~ yearly

aparato m. pomp, ostentation, show

aparecer irreg. appear

aparentar make a false show, feign, sham

apartar remove, put aside, part, withdraw; ~ se withdraw, move away, leave

aparte aside

apasionadamente passionately

apelar appeal

aplaudir applaud

aplazar postpone, delay

aposento m. room, apartment

apoyarse lean, rely on

apresuramiento m. hastiness, eagerness

apretar irreg. compress, hold, clutch; distress, harass

aproximarse approach

apuntar aim

apurar consume, drain, exhaust; ~ se worry, fret

apuro m. perplexity, difficulty, affliction, straits, want

aquel,-lla that, the former

aquél,-lla that one, the former

aquí here, now; hacia ~ hither; por ~ hither, this way

árbol m. tree

arcabuz m. harquebus

arder burn, glow

ardid m. stratagem, cunning, trick

arma f. arm, weapon; pl. troops; armorial bearings

arrancar pull, tear, force out

arrastrar drag, draw

arrebol m. red sky

arreglar arrange, dispose

arrepentido, -a (pp. of arrepentirse) repentant

arrepentirse irreg. repent

arriba above; hasta ~ (l. 384) as far as the top (of the steps)

arriesgado, -a (pp. of arriesgar) risky, hazardous

arriesgar risk, venture

arrimar approach, place near; ~ un hombro lend aid

arrimo m. protection, support

arrodillarse kneel

arrogancia f. arrogance; con ~ arrogantly

arrojar throw, fling, cast, hurl (away)

arruinar ruin

artista m. or f. artist

asaduras f. pl. entrails; echar las ~ laugh one's head off

asaltar assail; occur suddenly

asentimiento m. assent

asesinar assassinate, murder

asesino m. murderer, assassin

así thus, so, in this way

asir irreg. seize, take, grasp; ~ se de clutch, lean upon; take advantage of, have recourse to

asomarse show one's self, appear

asombrar surprise, astonish; ~ se de be astonished at, be surprised at

asombro m. surprise, astonishment

aspecto m. aspect, look

aspirar aspire

astucia f. astuteness, cunning

asunto m. subject, matter, affair

asustar frighten

atado, -a (pp. of atar) bound

atajar stop, interrupt

atar bind

atención f. attention

atender irreg. attend, pay attention; atendiendo a out of respect for

atentamente intently

aterrado, -a (pp. of aterrar) terrified

atesorar treasure up, possess

Atocha formerly a suburb southeast of Madrid

atragantar choke

atrás back, backward

atravesar irreg. cross, traverse

atreverse a dare to

atrio m. porch, portico

audacia f. audacity, boldness

audaz (pl. audaces) bold

audiencia f. audience

aun or aún yet, still, notwithstanding, even; ni ~ not even

aunque although

aura f. air

aurora f. dawn

ausencia f. absence

autor m. author

auxiliar help, aid

avanzar advance

avisar advise, warn, give notice of

aviso m. warning, notice

ay ah, alas; ~ de vos etc. alas for you etc.

ayer yesterday; su ~ his past

ayuda f. help

ayudar help

azar m. accident, disappointment, hazard

azorado, -a (pp. of azorar) terrified, confused

azul blue báculo m. staff

bailar dance

baile m. dance

bajada f. descent

bajar lower, descend

bajo, -a low

bajo under, beneath, subject to

bala f. bullet

balcón m. balcony

bandeja f. tray, salver

barato, -a cheap, cheaply

barbado, -a bearded; muy ~ with a very long chin

barbarie f. barbarousness, cruelty

bárbaro, -a barbarous, cruel

bastante enough; considerably, sufficiently, quite

bastar be enough, suffice

bastardo, -a bastard, illegitimate

batalla f. battle

batiente see mandíbula

beldad f. beauty

Belona Bellona, goddess of war, sister or wife of Mars

bello, -a beautiful

bendito, -a blessed

beneficiado, -a (pp. of beneficiar) object of benefit, person for whom a benefit performance is given

beneficiar benefit

beneficio m. benefit; a ~ de for the benefit of

beodo, -a drunk, intoxicated

besamanos m. act of kissing the hand, salute

besar kiss

bicho m. small insect; coxcomb

bien well; very; all right; ~ que although; ahora ~ now then; this being so; más ~ rather

bien m. good; nunca para el ~ fué tarde it is never too late to mend

billete m. note

bisoño, -a inexperienced

bisoño m. raw recruit, novice

blanco, -a white

blasón m. armorial bearings, blazon; glory

boca f. mouth; ~ arriba face upward, flat on one's back

boda(s) f. wedding

bolsillo m. pocket

bondad f. goodness, kindness, clemency

Borgoña f. Burgundy (see note)

Borja proper name

borrar blot, erase

Braganza see note

bravo, -a brave, excellent, fine; bravo!

brazo m. arm

breve brief, short; en ~ in short, in a few words

brillar shine, gleam

brindar drink a health, toast; offer

brotar bud, spring up; appear

brusco, -a brusque, gruff

bueno, -a good, faithful, noble, clear

bulto m. object not clearly seen, form

bulla f. crowd; noise, shouting (of crowd); de ~ in high good humor

buque m. ship

burlar joke, make sport of, fool

busca f. search; en ~ de in search of, after

buscar seek, look for, try to get caballero m. knight; gentleman

caber irreg. be contained in, fit, find room, have the right of admission; qué duda cabe what doubt can there be

cabeza, f. head; con la ~ baja with bowed head

cabo m. end; al ~ finally; al fin y al ~ after all is said and done

cacumen m. top, head; understanding

cada each; ~ cual each one

cadáver m. dead body, corpse

caer irreg. fall; be situated

calar penetrate; ~ el sombrero press one's hat down tight

calavera f. skull

calcular calculate, reckon

Caliope the muse of eloquence and heroic poetry and chief of the muses

calma f. calm, peace

calmar calm, soothe

calor m. heat, warmth

calumniar calumniate, slander

callar be silent; ~ se be silent

calle f. street

cámara f. chamber

cambiar (de) change, exchange

cambio m. change, exchange

camino m. way, road

campanada f. stroke (of bell)

campaña f. campaign

cancel m. glass screen in a church or chapel behind which is the royal seat; extreme limit or boundary

candelabro m. candelabrum

candelero m. candlestick

cansado, -a (pp. of cansar) tired, weary

cansar tire, weary; ~ se grow tired

canto m. song, singing

cañón m. cannon; ~ de metralla long-barreled piece of artillery used formerly for firing grape-shot

capa f. cloak

capaz (pl. capaces) capable, able

capilla f. chapel

capitán m. captain

capricho m. whim

cara f. face

caracol m. snail; winding staircase

carácter m. character, condition

caracterizar characterize, act (a part), interpret (a part)

carcajada f. burst of laughter

cárcel f. prison

cariño m. affection

cariñoso, -a affectionate

carnicero m. butcher

caro, -a dear; venderse caro be sold at a high price

carroza f. state coach

carta f. letter

casa f. house

casado, -a (pp. of casar) married

casar marry, give in marriage; ~ se con marry

cascabel m. bell

cascajo m. gravel; rubbish

casi almost

caso m. case; hacer ~ pay attention; es el ~ que the fact is that

castigar punish

castigo m. punishment

Castilla proper name

Castilla f. Castile

casualidad f. chance, accident, coincidence

catorce fourteen

causa f. cause, reason; por ~ de because of

causar cause

cautelosamente stealthily, cautiously; guilefully

cauteloso, -a cautious, wary; stealthy, guileful

cazar hunt, obtain by exercise of particular skill, catch

ceder cede, grant, relinquish, give in

céfiro m. zephyr

cegar irreg. grow blind, be blinded

celebrar celebrate, applaud

celestial celestial, heavenly

celo m. ardor, zeal; ~ s jealousy

celoso, -a jealous

centro m. center

ceñir irreg. gird, crown

ceñudo, -a frowning, ominous

cerciorar assure, affirm; ~ se de make sure, ascertain

cerebro m. brain, mind; trastornar el ~ turn one's head

ceremonia f. ceremony

cerrado, -a (pp. of cerrar) closed, inclosed

cerrar close; ~ el paso a stand in the way of, prevent

certero, -a well aimed, unerring

cesar cease; sin ~ incessantly

cetro m. scepter

ciego, -a blind

cielo m. heaven, heavens, sky; ¡~ s! great heavens!

cien one hundred

cieno m. filth, mud, mire

ciertamente certainly, surely

cierto, -a certain; certainly; por ~ to be sure; de ~ certainly

cinco five; las ~ five o'clock

cisne m. swan; singer, poet, bard

cita f. appointment, rendezvous, tryst

citar summon, make an appointment with

ciudad f. city

cizaña f. darnel; sembrar ~ sow tares, sow discord

clamor m. clamor, uproar

clarito, -a (dimin. of claro); pronto y clarito see pronto

claro, -a clear; claro está it is evident

claustro m. cloister

clavar fix, nail, fasten, transfix

cobarde cowardly; nunca pequé de ~ I was never guilty of cowardice

cobarde m. coward

cobrar gain, draw (pay); collect (debt)

coche m. coach, carriage

codo m. elbow; por cogote y ~ s see cogote

cogote m. back of neck; discurro hasta por ~ y codos I am racking my brains with a club

cólera f. anger

colérico, -a choleric, angry

colmar (de, con) heap upon, bestow liberally, fill, lavish upon

colocado, -a (pp. of colocar) placed

colocar place

color m. color; ~ es color

colorar paint, tinge, color; ~ se blush, redden

columbrar spy, discern at a distance, descry

columna f. column, pillar

combatir combat, fight

comenzar irreg. commence, begin

comer eat; ~ se adds a little energy to the verb

comitiva f. suite, retinue

como as, as if, like, if only, provided that; ~ puedo as best I can; ~ si as if

cómo how, why, what, is it possible; el ~ the way of it

compaña f. company, escort

compañía f. company

compasión f. compassion, pity; por ~ for pity's sake

competir irreg. compete, rival

complacencia f. complacency

completar to complete

completo, -a complete

componer irreg. compose

comprado, -a (pp. of comprar) bought

comprar buy

comprender understand, grasp

comprensión f. comprehension

común common

comunión f. communion, fellowship, association

con with, by, among; on account of; ~ todo after all, nevertheless

conceder concede, grant

concentrado, -a (pp. of concentrar) concentrated, tense

conciliar conciliate, compose, bring into agreement; arrange

concluir irreg. conclude, finish

conde m. count

condenado, -a (pp. of condenar) condemned

condición f. condition, rank, class; stipulation, circumstance; ~ oscura obscure origin, low birth

conducido, -a (pp. of conducir) led, conducted

conducir irreg. conduct, convoy, lead

confesar irreg. confess

confesión f. confession

confianza f. confidence

confiar trust, hope, have confidence

conforme alike, corresponding to, as; ~ a consistent with; según y ~ see según

confundir confuse, confound; mezquino entre los hombres me confundo I am worthless as men go; ~ se be bewildered, be perplexed, be puzzled

confusión f. confusion

confuso, -a (pp. irreg. of confundir) confused, in confusion

conjetura f. conjecture, guess

conjurar conjure; implore; avert

conjuro m. incantation, charm; entreaty

conmigo with me, on my side

conocer irreg. know, be acquainted with, recognize

conocido, -a (pp. of conocer) known, recognized, well known

conque so then

conquista f. conquest

conquistar win

consagrado, -a (pp. of consagrar) consecrated

consagrar consecrate, devote; direct

conseguir irreg. obtain, attain, succeed

consejo m. council; advice, counsel

conservar keep

consignar consign, devote; state in writing

consigo with or by himself etc.

consonancia f. consonance, rime

consonante m. a rime

conspirar conspire, plot

constar impers. be clear, be evident, be recorded

consuelo m. consolation, comfort

consultar consult; advise; determine (of administrative body)

consumir consume

contacto m. contact, touch

contado, -a (pp. of contar) counted, told; por de ~ of course

contar irreg. count, tell, relate; ~ con count upon, reckon with

contemplar contemplate, regard, watch

contener irreg. contain

contentamiento m. contentment, satisfaction

contentar content, please

contento, -a content, satisfied, happy, pleased

contento m. contentment

contexto m. context, contents

contigo with you

continuación f. continuation; a ~ below

contra against; en mi ~ against me, to my disadvantage

contrario, -a opposed, contrary; por el ~ on the contrary

contrario m. opponent, antagonist, adversary

contraste m. contrast

convencer convince

conveniencia f. convention, convenience

conveniente suitable, convenient

convenir irreg. suit, become, be advantageous

convento m. convent

conversación f. conversation; subject of conversation

convertido, -a (pp. of convertir) converted, changed

convertir irreg. convert

convicción f. conviction, firm belief

convulsión f. convulsion

convulsivamente convulsively

convulsivo, -a convulsive

copa f. cup, goblet, vase

copiar copy

corazón m. heart; courage

corchete m. bailiff

cordero m. lamb

corona f. crown, diadem

coronar crown

Corpus see note

corredor m. corridor

correr run, circulate

corro m. group, circle

cortado, -a (pp. of cortar) cut; broken (of phrase)

cortar cut, cut off, cut out

corte f. court; capital

cortesano, -a pertaining to the court, courtier

cortesano m. courtier

cortesía f. courtesy, compliment, attention, bow

corto, -a short; ~ de vista near-sighted

cosa f. thing, matter, affair; ~ s de Quevedo son it is some folly of Quevedo's, it is some prank of Quevedo's; ~ es clara it is clear enough

costa f. cost; a ~ de at the cost of

costumbre f. custom; es ~ it is customary

costurera f. seamstress, dress-maker

cota f. coat of mail; armor

creador, -a creator

crear create

crecer irreg. grow

credencial lending credit, lending authority

credencial f. credential

credo m. creed; con el ~ en la boca facing death or danger

creer believe, think

criba f. crib

crimen m. crime, guilt

crispado, -a (pp. of crispar) clenched

cristiano, -a Christian

Cristo Christ; por ~ an emphatic oath, by heavens!

cruel cruel

crujir crackle, creak

cruz f. cross

cruzado, -a (pp. of cruzar); ~ de brazos, con los brazos cruzados, with folded arms

cruzar cross, traverse

cuadrar suit, be appropriate

cual like, as; ~ nunca as never before; cada ~ each one

cuál which, which one

cualquier see cualquiera

cualquiera whatever, whoever, anybody, any; ser un ~ be of no account, be a nobody

cuando when, as, since

cuándo when?

cuanto, -a how much (pl. how many), as much, as much as, all that, what, how; ~ más... más the more... the more; ~ menos... menos the less... the less

cuánto, -a how much, how; pl. how many, how much, how!

cuarteto m. quatrain

cuarto, -a fourth

cuatro four

cubierto, -a (pp. of cubrir) covered

cubrir irreg. cover; ~ se cover one's head

cuchillada f. knife-cut, slash with a knife; quarrel

cuchillo m. knife

cuenta f. account; eso de mi ~ corre that is my affair; tener en ~ take into account, remember

cuento m. story, tale; ~ de alabarda ferrule, end of halberd

cuerdo, -a sensible, wise

cuerpo m. body, substance; tomar más ~ grow firmer

cuestión f. question, subject, matter under consideration

cuidado m. care, pains

cuidar take care

cuita f. affliction, trouble

culebra f. serpent, snake

culpa f. blame, fault, guilt

cumplido, -a (pp. of cumplir) large, full, ample; cumplida merced signal favor

cumplir fulfill, carry out, execute; be fit, be convenient

curiosidad f. curiosity

curioso, -a curious, inquiring chacota f. uproarious mirth

chancero, -a jocose, merry

chanza f. joke, jest; estar de ~ be joking, be in a joking mood

chato, -a flat, flat-nosed; chata razón stunted intellect

chist ssh, hush

chiste m. joke

chistoso, -a cheerful, funny dado, -a (pp. of dar) given to, devoted to

dama f. lady

dar irreg. give, cause; ~ con find, come upon; ~ en strike, touch, happen, come to; ~ fin end, come to an end; ~ muerte kill; ~ muestras show signs; ~ un paso take a step; ~ principio begin; ~ la vuelta return; ~ la hora strike the hour; un soneto da catorce a sonnet makes fourteen

de of, from, for, through, at, in, by, with, than; ~ cierto certainly; ~ improviso unexpectedly; ~ nuevo again, anew; ~ seguro surely, undoubtedly

deber owe, ought, must, be to

deber m. duty

debido, -a (pp. of deber) due

débil weak, fragile, feeble

decir irreg. say; es ~ that is

declarar declare

decoración f. setting

decoro m. respect, reverence due a person

dedicar dedicate, devote

dedo m. finger

defender irreg. defend

defensa f. defense

deferencia f. deference, condescension

dejar leave, leave off, cease, let, permit; ~ de (infin.) cease etc.; ~ caer drop; ~ paso give way before, let pass

del = de + el

delante in front, before; ~ de before, in front of

delirar be delirious, rave; talk nonsense

delirio m. delirium

delito m. crime

demanda f. demand, petition, request

demás further, besides, in addition; lo ~ the rest; los ~ the rest, the others; with a pl. without art. other

demasiado, -a too much, too many

demonio m. devil; the devil! the deuce!

demora f. delay

dentro within, inside; ~ de within, inside of

derecho, -a straight; right (opposed to izquierdo)

derecho straight, direct, directly

derechura f.: en ~ directly, straight

derrocar overthrow, demolish

derrumbarse fall headlong; crumble away

desafuero m. injustice, outrage

desaliento m. dismay, dejection

desamparo m. abandonment, helplessness

desaparecer irreg. disappear

desatarse break loose, break out

desatinado, -a (pp. of desatinar) wild, incoherent, foolish

desatino m. foolish act, folly, error

desazón f. displeasure, annoyance, offense

descansado, -a (pp. of descansar) easy, quiet; comfortable, at ease

descansar rest

descanso m. rest

descolorido, -a discolored, pale

desconcertar irreg. disconcert, disturb, confuse

descubierto, -a (pp. of descubrir) uncovered, bare

descubrir irreg. reveal, discover, uncover

desde from, since; ~ luego at once; ~ que since, that

desdén m. disdain, scorn

desdeñosamente disdainfully

desdeñoso, -a disdainful, scornful

desdichado, -a unhappy, unfortunate

desdoblar unfold

desear desire, wish

desechar reject, put aside

desembarazarse uncover one's self, disembarrass one's self; ~ de relieve one's self of

desengaño m. discovery of an error, disillusionment, disappointment

desentonado, -a (pp. of desentonar) out of tune, gruff

desenvainar unsheathe, draw

desesperación f. desperation, despair; passion

desfallecimiento m. weakness, dejection

desfilar defile, march by files, pass in review

desgarrar rend, tear

desgracia f. misfortune; por ~ unfortunately

desgraciado, -a unfortunate, object of misfortune

deshacerse de irreg. get rid of

deshonrar dishonor

designio m. design, plan, intention

desigual unequal

desleírse irreg. dilute, weaken, dissolve, melt

desmán m. excess in words or action, insulting breach of etiquette, affront

desmayado, -a (pp. of desmayar) fainting, in a faint

desmayar be dispirited; dismay, discourage; ~ se faint, grow faint

desnudo, -a naked, bare, drawn

desollar irreg. flay, skin

desorden m. disorder, confusion, turmoil

despacio slow, slowly, at leisure

despacito (dimin. of despacio) at leisure

despacho m. dispatch, official communication

despecho m. spite, malevolence

despedida f. good-by, farewell; hacer ~ take leave of

despedirse de irreg. say good-by to, take leave of

despreciado, -a (pp. of despreciar) scorned

despreciar scorn, despise

despreciativo, -a scornful

desprecio m. scorn

después after, then, later, afterward; ~ de after

desterrado, -a (pp. of desterrar) banished

desterrar irreg. banish

destierro m. banishment, exile

destino m. destiny, fate

destruir irreg. destroy

desvanecer irreg. vanish

desvarío m. extravagant action, delirium; con ~ distractedly, wildly

desventura f. ill fortune, calamity, misery, unhappiness

desventurado, -a unhappy, luckless

desviar turn aside, ward off, thrust aside; ~ se turn aside, turn away, take the wrong road

detener irreg. detain, stop; ~ se stop

determinar determine, decide

detrás back, behind; ~ de after, in pursuit of; por ~ behind, from behind

deuda f. debt

devoción f. devotion; pl. devotions (religious)

devolver irreg. return, restore

día m. day, light of day; algún ~ some day, once; todo el ~ all day

diablo m. devil; qué ~ s what the deuce

dicha f. happiness

dicho, -a (pp. irreg. of decir) said, (the) aforesaid, same

dicho m. saying

dichoso, -a happy, prosperous, fortunate

diente m. tooth

diestro, -a skillful, expert, prudent, cunning

diez ten; para las ~ for ten o'clock

diferente different

diferir irreg. defer, delay, postpone

difícil difficult

dignarse deign, condescend

dignidad f. dignity

digno, -a worthy

dilación f. delay

dilatarse broaden, grow broad

dinero m. money, funds

dios m. god, God; vive ~ see vivir; gran ~ great heavens! ~ mío heavens!

dirección f. direction

director m. director; ~ de escena stage-manager

dirigir direct, address; ~ se go, turn (toward), make one's way (toward)

discreción f. discretion, judgment, prudence

discreto, -a discreet; witty

discurrir reflect, reason; plan, scheme

disgusto m. disgust, annoyance, unpleasantness

disiparse fade away

disparar shoot, fire off

disparo m. discharge, shot (of firearm)

dispensar dispense, grant, excuse

disponer irreg. arrange, dispose, order, direct

dispuesto, -a (pp. of disponer) prepared, ready

disputar dispute, debate, argue, quarrel

distancia f. distance

distinción f. distinction

distinguido, -a (pp. of distinguir) distinguished, eminent

distinguir irreg. distinguish, single out

distinto, -a distinct, different

distracción f. distraction, absent-mindedness

diversión f. diversion, amusement

divertido, -a (pp. of divertir) amusing

divertir irreg. divert, turn away; amuse

diz it is said, people say

doblar double, bend

doblez (pl. dobleces) fold, crease; en tres dobleces thrice folded

dogal m. halter, noose, hangman's rope

dolor m. grief, sorrow, pain

dominado, -a (pp. of dominar) dominated; ~ por la situación overwhelmed by the situation

dominador, -a dominating

dominador m. dominator

dominar dominate

dominio m. dominion

dominión f. dominion

don, doña, title of courtesy given to gentleman or lady, now equivalent to Mr. etc., but used only before given names

donaire m. witticism, joke, humor

donde where, in which; en ~ in which; a ~ whither

dónde where? a ~ whither? en ~ where?

doquier anywhere, wherever, everywhere

dormir irreg. sleep; ~ se fall asleep

dos two; los (las) ~ both

dosel m. canopy, dais

drama m. drama, play

ducado m. duchy

ducho, -a skillful, experienced

duda f. doubt

dudar doubt, hesitate; ~ de doubt

duelo m. duel, combat; sorrow; duelo ni quebranto see note

dueña f. duenna, lady-in-waiting

dulce sweet, gentle

dulzura f. sweetness, gentleness; con ~ graciously, gently

duque m. duke

duquesa f. duchess

durante during

dureza f. rigor, severity

duro, -a hard, cruel; thankless, costly e and

ea come!

eco m. echo

echado, -a (pp. of echar): con el velo echado with her veil drawn, with her veil let down

echar throw, cast; ~ el aliento blow; ~ abajo pull down, draw down; ~ a reír burst out laughing

edad f. age

el, la, lo, pl. los, las, the

él, pl. ellos, he, him, it

elefante m. elephant

elegir irreg. choose

elogio m. eulogy, praise

ella she, her

ello it; ~ es que the fact is that; ~ por ~ a fair exchange

embajador m. ambassador

embargo: sin ~ nevertheless

emboscada f. ambuscade, surprise

embozado, -a pp. of embozar

embozarse muffle one's self, fasten upper part (embozo) of cloak about neck and throat

embozo m. muffler, fold of cloak that covers lower part of face; disguise

eminente eminent, signal, distinguished

emoción f. emotion

empeñarse en persist, endeavor, insist upon

empezar irreg. begin

empinar raise; ~ el codo raise the glass, crook one's elbow

empresa f. undertaking, enterprise

en in, on, upon, at, into, to; ~ mi contra against me, to my disadvantage; ~ cuanto as soon as; ~ pos de after, behind; ~ torno de about, around

enaltecer irreg. raise aloft, exalt; heighten

enamorar enamor, inspire love; charm; ~ se de, ~ se con, fall in love with

encaminar guide, direct; ~ se go toward, start

encanto m. charms, attractions

encarado, -a (pp. of encarar): mal ~ ill-featured, badly adjusted

encarar face, point; ~ se con face, confront

encarecer irreg. extol, exaggerate, emphasize

encarecimiento m. exaggeration

encargar recommend, charge, commend; ~ se de take charge of, take upon one's self

encender irreg. kindle

encerrar irreg. inclose, contain

encoger contract; discourage; ~ se de hombros shrug one's shoulders

encomendar irreg. commend, commit, entrust

encomio m. encomium, eulogy, praise

encono m. malevolence, ill will

encontrar irreg. find, encounter; see; ~ se be

encresparse grow rough, grow choppy (of sea)

encubierto, -a (pp. irreg. of encubrir) hidden, masked

encuentro m. encounter, meeting; salir al ~ de come out to meet

endulzar sweeten, soften, lighten

enemigo, -a hostile

enemigo m. enemy

énfasis m. emphasis

enfermo, -a ill, sick, suffering

engañar deceive; ~ se make a mistake, be mistaken

engaste m. setting (of jewels)

engolfado, -a (pp. of engolfar) engulfed, absorbed

engrandecer irreg. aggrandize, ennoble, exalt

enhiesto, -a upright, erect

enjaulado, -a (pp. of enjaular) caged, confined

enjuto, -a dry

enmudecer irreg. become mute, become silent

enojar annoy, trouble, vex, offend; ~ se be annoyed, become angry

enojo m. annoyance, offense; si no lo habéis por ~ if it be not offensive to you

enredijo m. tangle

enredo m. tangle, entanglement; mischief

ensangrentado, -a blood-stained

ensangrentar irreg. stain with blood

ensartar string together, link together; ~ mil gracias be full of jokes

ensayo m. assay, trial, experiment

enseñar show

ensimismado, -a (pp. of ensimismarse) absorbed in thought

entendedor m.: a buen ~ (the full form of the proverb is a buen entendedor, breve hablador, or al buen entendedor, pocas palabras) a word to the wise is sufficient

entender irreg. understand

entendido, -a (pp. of entender) understood

enterar inform; ~ se de find out about

enternecer irreg. move to pity, soften, affect; ~ se soften, be affected

entero, -a complete, entire

entonces then

entrada f. entrance; admission, admittance

entrambos, -as both

entrañas f. inmost feelings

entrar enter, bring in; entra (in stage directions) exit

entre between, in the midst of, in, among

entreabierto, -a (pp. irreg. of entreabrir) half opened

entregado, -a (pp. of entregar) surrendered

entregar deliver, hand over, surrender, entrust

entretanto in the meantime

entretenido, -a (pp. of entretener) amusing, interesting

envainar sheathe

enviado, -a (pp. of enviar) sent, envoy

enviar send

envidia f. envy

envilecer irreg. vilify, debase, degrade

epitafio m. epitaph

época f. epoch, period

equivocación f. mistake, misunderstanding

equivocarse be mistaken

erguido, -a (pp. of erguir) erect, straight

errar irreg. err, wander, be mistaken

error m. error, mistake

escalera f. staircase

escalón m. step

escándalo m. scandal; astonishment

escapar(se) escape

escaso, -a scanty, trifling

escena f. scene, stage

esclavo m. slave

escoger choose

escolta f. escort

escoltar escort

esconder hide

escondido, -a (pp. of esconder) hidden

Escorial m. the Escorial, see note

escorpión m. scorpion

escriba m. scribe

escribir irreg. write

escrito, -a (pp. irreg. of escribir) written

escrito m. writing, manuscript; paper

escuchar listen, hearken to, hear

escudriñar scrutinize, examine

escupir spit

ese, -a, pl. esos, -as, that (near person addressed); those

ése, -a, pl. ésos, -as, that one, those

esencia f. essence

esforzarse irreg. make efforts, struggle

esfuerzo m. effort

eso that; ~ es that is right; por ~ for that reason, that is why

espacio m. space, place; interval of time; en breve ~ quickly

espada f. sword

espalda f. back, shoulders; a ~ s de back of, behind; a la ~ at the back, in the rear, up stage; llevar a la ~ carry, wear on one's back

espantajo m. scarecrow

espantar terrify, frighten

espanto m. consternation, fright, wonder

España f. Spain

español, -a Spanish

español m. Spaniard

espectro m. specter, shade

espejo m. mirror

esperanza f. hope

esperar await, expect, hope

espía m. f. spy

espíritu m. spirit

esposa f. wife

esposo m. husband

espuma f. foam; ~ s waves, seas

esquina f. corner

esquivar shun, avoid, evade

estado m. state, nation

estallar burst

estar irreg. be; suit, become; está bien all right; ~ para be about to; no está he is not here

este, -a, pl. estos, -as, this, these

éste, -a, pl. éstos, -as, this one, these; the latter

estimar esteem; ~ en mucho value highly

esto this

estorbar molest, prevent, interfere with, block

estorbo m. obstacle, hindrance

estrago m. damage

estrambote m. verses added to a sonnet or other metrical combination for the sake of greater emphasis or humor; envoy

estrella f. star; destiny; con mala ~ ill-starred

estrellarse be dashed to pieces, be shivered, be shattered

estremecerse irreg. shudder

estrenarse be presented for the first time (of a drama)

estrujar press, crush, crumple

estudio m. study

estupendo, -a stupendous

eternidad f. eternity

eterno, -a eternal

Europa f. Europe

evitar avoid, shun, save

exagerado, -a (pp. of exagerar) exaggerated

exaltación f. exaltation, passion

examinar examine, investigate

excelencia f. excellence; Excellency (usual title given to persons high in office or of istinction)

excelente excellent

excelso, -a high, sublime

excusado, -a (pp. of excusar) excused, reserved; calle ~ unfrequented street

excusar excuse, omit

execrar execrate, abominate

exhortar exhort, admonish

exigir demand

existencia f. existence

existir exist

expedito, -a free, open

experiencia f. experience

expirar expire

explicar explain

expresar express

expresión f. expression

exquisito, -a exquisite

exterior exterior, outside

extinguido, -a (pp. of extinguir) extinguished, extinct

extinguir extinguish

extranjero, -a foreign, strange

extranjero m. foreigner, stranger

extrañar marvel at, astonish; ~ se de marvel at

extrañeza f. strangeness; surprise, wonderment

extraño, -a strange, singular, extravagant, foreign

extraordinario, -a extraordinary

extravío m. deviation; disorder con ~ incoherently

extremo, -a extreme; en ~ extremely fácil easy

fachada f. façade

falsificar falsify, forge

falso, -a false

faltar be lacking, fail; lo que de Dios os falta what God has in store for you

fama f. fame, reputation

familia f.. family

famoso, -a famous; great, excellent

farol m. lantern

farolillo m. (dimin. of farol) little lantern

fascinar fascinate

fastidio m. annoyance

fatal fatal, ominous

fausto, -a happy, prosperous

favor m. favor

favorito m. favorite

faz f. face

fe f. faith; a ~ in truth, in good earnest; por mi ~ de caballero on my sacred honor, on my word as a gentleman

febrero m. February

felicidad f. happiness

Felipe Philip

feliz (pl. felices) happy, that brings happiness

ferocidad f. ferocity

feroz (pl. feroces) ferocious, wild, savage, rebellious

festejo m. feast, entertainment

fiel faithful, trustworthy

fijamente fixedly

fijarse en fix eyes or attention on

fijo, -a fixed

fila f. rank, row, file

filosofía f. philosophy

fin m. and f. end, conclusion; purpose; al ~ y al cabo after all is said and done, finally; dar ~ finish; en ~ finally, after all, in short; a ~ de que in order that; por ~ finally

final m. conclusion

fineza f. delicacy, favor

firma f. signature

firmar sign

firme firm, steady

Flandes m. Flanders

flor f. flower

fondo m. background (center), bottom, back (of stage)

forma f. form

formar form

fortuna f. fortune, chance; por ~ perchance

forzado, -a (pp. of forzar) forced

frágil fragile, frail, weak

Francisco proper name

frase f. phrase, sentence

frenesí m. frenzy

frente f. forehead, brow; en ~ de in front of, opposite; al ~ de in front of, at the beginning of; ~ a ~ face to face

frescura f. coolness, tranquillity

frialdad f. coldness; con ~ coldly

frío, -a cold

friolera f. trifle

frotar rub

fruto m. fruit

fuego m. fire

Fuenterrabía see note

fuera outside; ~ de outside of, beyond, away from, besides; ~ de sí beside himself

fuerte strong, powerful; bitter

fuerza f. force, strength, violence; es ~ it is necessary

fuga f. flight, escape

fugaz (pl. fugaces) fleeting

funesto, -a sinister, fatal

furibundo, -a furious

furioso, -a furious

furor m. fury

futuro, -a future gala f. parade, present, honor

galán gallant

galán m. gallant

galería f. gallery

gana f. desire; de mala ~ unwillingly, reluctantly

ganado, -a (pp. of ganar) won; winner

ganar gain, conquer, win

ganso m. goose

Gaspar proper name

gastar spend, waste; wear, use (habitually); act, behave (e.g. ~ mal humor be ill-humored)

gemido m. groan, moan

gemir irreg. groan; suffer

general general

general m. general

generoso, -a generous, noble

genio m. genius, character, temper, humor; embodiment

gente f. people, men

gesto m. face, expression

Girón proper name

gloria f. glory; ni en la ~ not even in heaven itself, what could be better?

glorioso, -a glorious

gobernador, -a governor

gobernar irreg. govern, rule

gobierno m. government

golpe m. blow, wound, shock, thrust

gota f. drop

gozar en, de, or con rejoice in, enjoy, revel in

gozo m. joy, rejoicing, keen pleasure

grabar engrave

gracia f. grace, wit, joke; favor; ~ s thanks; ~ s a Dios thank heaven; por ~ for a joke; hacer ~ a please, amuse; tener ~ be witty, be funny

gracioso, -a free, graceful, easy; gracioso porte easy carriage

grada f. step, stair; ~ s perron

gradería f. steps

grajo m. jackdaw

gran see grande

grande great, large

grandeza f. greatness, eminence

gratitud f. gratitude

grey f. flock

grillos m. pl. fetters, irons

grito m. shout, cry

grotesco, -a grotesque

grupo m. group

guardar guard, protect, keep, watch over; guárdeos Dios farewell; ~ silencio remain silent

guardarropa f. wardrobe, clothes-press

guardarropía f. wardrobe (theatrical)

guardia f. guard, policeman; ponerse en ~ put one's self on one's guard

guerra f. war

guiar guide, lead

gusto m. pleasure; a vuestro ~ to your liking; de ~ with pleasure

Guzmán family name; el de ~ = el Conde-Duque de Olivares haber irreg. have; ~ de have to, be to, must; hay, había, etc. there is, there are, etc.; ~ menester have need of; hay (etc.) que it is necessary, one must; qué ha habido what has happened; no ha mucho not long ago

hábil capable, clever, cunning

habilidad f. ability, cunning

habitación f. room, apartment, suite of rooms

hábito m. habit, custom; dress; insignia, order

hablar speak, talk, discuss; qué hablará consigo mismo what can he be muttering to himself; ~ para si talk to one's self

hacer irreg. do, make, act, cause, have; ~ se become; se hace tarde it is getting late; hace (in impers. expr. of time) ago; ~ agua leak; ~ compañía accompany; ~ la corte a do honor to, pay court to; ~ cruces cross one's self; ~ gracia please, amuse; ~ presente present, state, bring to one's attention; ~ voto vow; ~ una salva fire a salute

hacia toward; ~ aquí in this direction

halagüeño, -a attractive, alluring, flattering

hallar find; ~ se be (estar)

hambre f. hunger

harto, -a satiated

harto enough

hasta as far as, until, towards, even to, even; ~ que until

hazaña f. deed

hecho (pp. irreg. of hacer)

hecho m. deed, fact, action

helado, -a (pp. of helar) frozen, chilled

heredar inherit

heredero m. heir; príncipe ~ crown prince

herir irreg. wound, strike

hermana f. sister; prima ~ first cousin

hermano m. brother

hermoso, -a beautiful

heroico, -a heroic

heroísmo m. heroism

hidalgo m. nobleman

hiel f. bitterness, gall

hielo m. ice

hierba f. grass

hierro m. iron, steel; sword

hijo m. son, child

hipocresía hypocrisy, dissimulation

hipócrita m. hypocritical

historia f. history, story, fable, tale, yarn; rot!

hoja f. leaf; ~ s leaves of (folding or sliding) door

hola hello, ho

holgarse de irreg. take pleasure in

hombre m. man

hombro m. shoulder

hondo, -a deep, dark; honda querella bitter complaint

honor m. honor

honra f. honor

honrar honor

honroso, -a honorable, creditable

hora f. hour, appointed time; es ~ de que it is time that; a estas ~ s now, at this moment

horca f. gallows

horizonte m. horizon

horrendo, -a dreadful, hideous

horrible horrible

horror m. horror; qué ~ how horrible

hostilidad f. hostility

hoy to-day; ~ mismo this very day; de ~ en más from now on, henceforth

huirse irreg. flee, escape

humanidad f. humanity

humano, -a human

humedecer irreg. moisten; grow wet, grow moist

húmedo, -a damp, wet

humilde humble

humillación f. humiliation, abjectness

humillado, -a (pp. of humillar) humiliated, humbled

humillar humble, crush, degrade

humo m. smoke

humor m. humor; de mal ~ ill-humoredly; estar de ~ be in good humor

hundir plunge, crush; ~ se crumble, collapse idea f. idea

ideal ideal

ídem idem, the same

ignorar be ignorant of, be in ignorance

igual equal, similar, fair

ijar m. flank, side

iluminado, -a (pp. of iluminar) illuminated

iluminar illuminate

ilusión f. illusion

ilustre illustrious, glorious

imagen f. image

imaginar imagine

imaginario, -a imaginary

imbécil imbecile, mad

imbécil m. imbecile, ass

imitar imitate

impaciencia f. impatience

impacientarse grow impatient

impaciente impatient

impasible impassible, motionless

imperial imperial

imperio m. empire, command, imperiousness; con ~ arrogantly, in commanding tone

imperioso, -a imperious, commanding

impío, -a impious, wicked

imponer irreg. impose

importar be of importance, matter, concern; importe que importe matter what it may, at any rate

importuno, -a unseasonable, annoying

imposible impossible

impostor m. impostor

improviso, -a unexpected, unforeseen; de ~ suddenly, unexpectedly

impuro, -a impure, unfaithful

incapaz (pl. -ces) incapable

incauto, -a incautious, rash

incertidumbre f. uncertainty

incisivo, -a incisive

inclinación f. inclination, bow

inclinarse bow

ínclito, -a renowned, illustrious

incorporarse join, mingle with

indagar investigate, inquire

independiente independent

indiferencia f. indifference

indignado, -a (pp. of indignar) indignant, angry

indispuesto, -a indisposed, unwell

inédito, -a unpublished

Inés proper name

inevitable inevitable

infame infamous, abominable

infamia f. infamy

infante, -a infante, infanta (legitimate child of Spanish royal blood)

infeliz unhappy, wretched

inferir irreg. infer

infernal infernal, hellish

infierno m. hell

infinito, -a infinite; as adv. immeasurably

influir irreg. influence, exercise influence

infructuoso, -a fruitless, vain

infundir imbue with, inspire

ingenio m. talent, cleverness, brilliancy

iniquidad f. iniquity, wickedness

injusto, -a unjust

inmediatamente immediately, instantly

inmenso, -a immense, unbounded, infinite

inmóvil motionless

inocencia f. innocence

inocente innocent

inquietud f. disquietude; con ~ restlessly

inquirir irreg. inquire into, investigate

insistir (en) insist (upon)

instantáneo, -a instantaneous

instante m. instant

insulso, -a stupid, insipid

insultar insult

insulto m. insult

intacto, -a intact, untouched

inteligencia f. intelligence

intención f. intention, meaning

intentar try, intend, mean

intento m. intent, purpose, design

intercalado, -a (pp. of intercalar) interpolated

intercalar interpolate, insert

interceptar intercept

interés m. interest, advantage

interior interior, inside

interior m. interior

interpretar interpret

interrumpir interrupt

introducir irreg. introduce, lead in

inundar inundate, flood

inútil useless; me era ~ I had no occasion for

invención f. invention, fabrication

invocar invoke

ir irreg. go; be (with pres. part.); ~ se go away; vase exit; vamos come, why; vaya come, well, indeed; vaya un what a; ~ a (infin.) start to; vamos a otra cosa let's talk of something else; van ya muchos años que it is many years now since; todo va bien everything is all right; muy bien os va con you are making fine progress with; id con Dios God be with you, good-by; va de tahur a tahur it is gambler against gambler; va que se le lleva el aire he goes as if he were walking on air; se nos fué de entre las manos slipped from our grasp

ironía f. irony

irónicamente ironically

irónico, -a ironical

irresistible irresistible

irritar irritate; ~ se be stirred, be provoked, be aroused

isla f. island

ítem also, moreover; con el ~ with the additional circumstance

izquierdo, -a left (opp. of derecho) ja ha

jamás never, ever

jardín m. garden

jaspeado, -a (pp. of jaspear) spotted, mottled

Jesucristo Jesus Christ; good God!

Jesús Jesus; Lord!

jornada f. journey, expedition; occasion; nuestra es la ~ the day is ours; al fin de la ~ the day's work done

joven young

jovial jovial

joya f. jewel

joyel m. jewel

Juan John

júbilo m. jubilation, joy

Judás Judas (Iscariot)

jueves m. Thursday; ~ santo Maundy Thursday

jugar irreg. play

juglar m. buffoon

juguetón, -a playful, sportive

juicio m. judgment, opinion; good sense, prudence; perder el ~ lose one's head, go mad

junto, -a near, close, beside; ~ s together, side by side; ~ a beside, near, at the side of

jurar swear

juro m. right of perpetual property; ~ de heredad hereditary and perpetual property

justicia f. justice

justo, -a just, right, proper

juzgar judge, consider la the; her, it; to her, to it

labio m. lip

labor f. labor, undertaking; ~ de mujer embroidery, needlework

labrador m. laborer, workman

lacio, -a faded, flaccid, languid

lado m. side

La Grana proper name

lágrima f. tear

lance m. incident, situation, affair, quarrel

lanzar hurl; ~ se rush, dart

lanzón m. (augm. of lanza) great lance

largo, -a long; a paso ~ quickly, hurriedly

largueza f. largess, generosity

lástima f. pity; ~ que what a pity that; es ~ it is a pity

lastimarse grieve, complain

lateral lateral

latido m. beat, beating (of heart)

laurel m. laurel

lazo m. bond

le him, it; to him, to her, to it

leal loyal, true

lealtad f. loyalty

lector m. reader

lectura f. reading

leer read

lejano, -a distant

lengua f. tongue

lentamente slowly

lentitud f. slowness, deliberation

León m. city in northwestern part of Spain

letra f. letter

letrilla f. rondelet; usually humorous or satirical. It is divided into strophes, at the end of each of which the general thought of the composition is briefly repeated after the manner of a refrain

levantado, -a (pp. of levantar) raised

levantar raise; ~ se rise

leve slight

ley f. law; de ~ by law, by right; sin dios y sin ~ godless and lawless

librar free

libre free, unoccupied

libro m. book

lid f. contest, fight

lidiar fight

ligero, -a light, hasty, thoughtless

limpio, -a clean, neat; sacar en ~ find out definitely, come to a conclusion

línea f. line

linterna f. lantern

Lisboa f. Lisbon

liso, -a smooth

lisonja f. flattery, compliment

lisonjero, -a flattering, complimentary, agreeable

litera f. litter, stretcher

liviano, -a light, fickle, frivolous

lo it, him; the

loco, -a mad, crazy

lograr obtain, succeed in, attain

Lucifer Lucifer

lucha f. struggle

luchar struggle, fight, contend

luego soon, then, presently, at once; ~ que as soon as, when; hasta ~ good-by (implies only a short separation)

lúgubre sad, mournful, gloomy

luna f. moon

luto m. mourning

luz f. light; luces knowledge, enlightenment llamar call, summon; ~ se be called, named

llanamente frankly

llano, -a clear, evident

llanto m. weeping, tears

llave f. key

llegar arrive, approach, reach; ~ se approach; ~ a (infin.) come to, succeed in

lleno, -a full

llevar carry, bear, wear; ~ se take, carry off; ~ un golpe receive a blow; lleve tu palabra el diablo to the devil with what you've got to say

llorar weep, lament madre f. mother

Madrid m. Madrid

maestro m. teacher, tutor

magín m. fancy, imagination

majestad f. majesty

mal badly, ill; ~ seguro, -a unsafe, insecure

mal m. evil, harm, ill; por mi ~ to my injury, to my misfortune, to my sorrow

maldad f. wickedness

maldecir irreg. curse

maldito, -a (pp. irreg. of maldecir) cursed, accursed

maliciosamente maliciously, mischievously

malicioso, -a malicious, mischievous, sly

mal(o), -a bad, poor, ill, wicked

malvado, -a wicked, unscrupulous

malla f. coat of mail

mancebía f. brothel

mandar command, order

mandato m. order, command

mandíbula f. jaw; reírse a ~ s batientes laugh loud and long

mando m. command, bidding

manera f. manner

manifestar irreg. manifest

maniobra f. maneuver

mano f. hand

mansión f. mansion

manso, -a tame, meek, placid

mantener irreg. maintain, keep; ~ se continue

manto m. mantle, cloak

Mantua f. Mantua

maña f. skill, cunning

mañana to-morrow

mañana f. morning; ~ será otro día to-morrow things will be different

maquinación f. machination

maquinalmente mechanically

mar m. sea; pl. seas, waters

marcado, -a (pp. of marcar) marked

marcha f. march, departure; en ~ march

marchar march; ~ se go away

Margarita proper name

marido m. husband

marqués m. marquis

Marte Mars, god of war

mártir m. and f. martyr

martirio m. martyrdom

mas but

más more, most, further; of higher rank; ~ bien rather; a ~ further, besides; de hoy en ~ from now on, henceforth; mientras ~... ~ the more... the more; por ~ que however much

matador m. and adj. killer, murderer; murderously inclined

matar kill; put out, extinguish

materno, -a maternal

matrimonio m. matrimony, marriage

mayor (comp. of grande) greater, greatest

maza f. object fastened to a person's clothing in order to make sport of him; something noisy tied to dog's tail

me me, to me

Medina proper name

medio, -a half, middle

medio m. middle, means, resort; en ~ de in the middle of

meditar meditate

mejilla f. cheek

mejor (comp. of bueno) better, best; all the better; fine! ~ que ~ better than ever! great!

mejoreo m. advantage; constant use of the word mejor

mejoría f. betterment, advantage; improvement, superiority

memoria f. memory

memorial m. petition

Mendaña proper name

mendigar beg

menester necessary

mengua f. diminution, wane; disgrace, shame

menina f. little girl-in-waiting

menor (comp. of pequeño) smaller, less, least

menos (comp. of poco) less, least; of lower rank; por ~ at least; al ~ at least; lo ~ at least; no es para ~ la cosa the situation well warrants it

menos except

mental mental

mente f. mind, understanding, intelligence

mentir irreg. lie, misrepresent, attribute falsely

mentira f. lie, untruth; lies

meollo m. brain, marrow; understanding; tener seco el ~ have lost one's wits, have gone crazy

merced f. favor, grace

merecer irreg. deserve; receive a favor at the hands of

merienda f. lunch; food; siempre las memorias son ~ del olvido memories were ever food for forgetfulness

mes m. month

mesa f. table, desk

meseta f. landing (of stairs)

metralla f. grape-shot

mezquino, -a wretched

mi my

mí me

miedo m. fear; tener ~ be afraid

mientras while; during; ~ que while; ~ más (menos)... más (menos) the more (less)... the more (less)

mil thousand, a thousand

militar military, martial

millón m. million, a million

mina f. mine

ministro m. minister; ~ de Estado Secretary of State

minuto m. minute

mío, -a my; el mío, la mía, mine

mirada f. glance, gaze, look

mirar look at, regard, gaze upon, see; mira que consider that, remember that

misa f. mass

misericordia f. mercy

mísero, -a miserable, wretched; ~ de alas for

mismísimo, -a selfsame; el ~ diablo the very devil himself

mismo, -a self, same, very

misterio m. mystery, mysteriousness, secrecy

mitad f. half; middle, midst

modelo m. model

modo m. way, manner; de cualquier ~ in any way possible; en cierto ~ in a certain sense; de ~ que so that, in such a way that; con discretos ~ s cleverly

mofa f. mockery, ridicule

momento m. moment, instant; al ~ instantly, at once

monarca m. monarch

monta f. importance, moment

monte m. mountain

montón m. heap; a ~ es in great abundance

monumento m. monument

morada f. abode, dwelling

morar live, dwell

mordaza f. gag

moribundo, -a moribund, at point of death

morir irreg. die; ~ se die

mortal mortal; near death

mostrar irreg. show

movimiento m. movement, motion

mucho, -a much; pl. many

mucho much, very, greatly

mudar change; ~ de change one's

mudo, -a mute, silent

mueble m. piece of furniture

muerte f. death; a ~ o a vida life or death! a forlorn hope

muerto, -a (pp. irreg. of morir or matar) dead, killed; exhausted

muestra f. sample; sign, indication

mujer f. woman

mundo m. world

muralla f. wall (of town)

musa f. muse, inspiration

mustio, -a sad; languid

muy very, very much nacer irreg. be born

nación f. nation

nada nothing, anything; enough

nadie no one, nobody, anybody, somebody

nariz f. nose

narizado, -a big-nosed

narración f. narration, narrative, account

Nasón Publius Ovidius Naso, Latin poet, born 48 b.c., died 18 a.d.

natural natural

naturalidad f. naturalness

navío m. ship

necesario, -a necessary

necesitar need

necio, -a foolish, ignorant, stupid

necio m. fool

nefando, -a abominable

negar irreg. deny

negocio m. business, affair, occupation

negro, -a black, dark, gloomy, wretched; negro afán dire anxiety

nema f. seal

nequáquam by no means, not a bit of it

ni nor, neither, not even; ~ aun not even

nicho m. niche

nido m. nest; berth

nieta f. granddaughter

nieto m. grandson

niña f. child, girl

niño m. child, boy

nivel m. level

no no, not

noble noble, illustrious

noche f. night; de ~ at night; esta ~ to-night; buenas ~ s good night; ~ de truenos stormy night, black night

nombrar name, appoint

nombre m. name, fame, reputation; en su ~ for him; juro a mi ~ upon my honor

nos us, to us

nosotros, -as we, us

notar note

noto m. south wind

notorio, -a notorious; público y ~ see público

nube f. cloud; ~ s de arrebol brilliant sky

nuestro, -a our, ours; el nuestro, la nuestra, our, ours

nuevo, -a new, fresh; qué hay de ~ what is the news; de ~ again, anew

numen m. divinity, muse; inspiration

nunca never

nuncio m. messenger, harbinger

nupcial nuptial o or; ~... ~ either... or

obedecer irreg. obey

obediencia f. obedience

obediente obedient

obligación f. obligation

obligar oblige, force

obra f. act; pl. behavior, actions

obrar operate, act

observación f. observation, remark

observar observe

obtener irreg. obtain

Ocaña f. see note

ocasión f. occasion; a ~ dichosa at just the right moment

ocioso, -a idle

ocultar hide

oculto, -a hidden

ocupar occupy; ~ se de occupy one's self in, concern one's self about

ocurrencia f. occurrence; witty sally, idea

ocurrir occur

ocho eight

odiar hate

odio m. hatred; pl. hatred

oficio m. business, office, occupation

ofrecer irreg. offer, volunteer

oh oh

oído, -a (pp. of oír) heard

oído m. hearing, ear

oír irreg. hear, listen

ojo m. eye

ola f. wave

Olivares proper name

olvidado, -a (pp. of olvidar) forgotten; forgetful

olvidar forget; ~ se de forget

olvido m. forgetfulness; oblivion

opinión f. opinion

oponer(se) irreg. oppose

opuesto, -a (pp. of oponer) opposite

oración f. speech; sentence; prayer

orar pray

órden f. order, command, direction

órgano m. organ

orgullo m. pride

origen m. origin

orilla f. shore; morir ahogado en la ~ fail with success within one's grasp

Ormuz m. Ormuz, cf. note

oro m. gold

os you, to you

osado, -a (pp. of osar) daring, presumptuous

osar dare

oscuridad f. obscurity, darkness

oscuro, -a obscure, dark; a oscuras in the dark

Osorio proper name

ostentoso, -a ostentatious

Osuna Osuna, cf. Hist. Introd.

otro, -a other, another

Ovidio cf. Nasón Pablo proper name

pábulo m. food

padecer irreg. suffer

padecimiento m. suffering

padre m. father

padrón m. pattern, model; column, post with inscription; ~ de infamia mark of infamy

paga f. pay, reward

pagar pay, pay for

pago m. pay, payment; fee

paje m. page

pajuela m. sulphur match; piece of wicking dipped in sulphur

palabra f. word

palaciego, -a of the palace

palacio m. palace

Palermo m. Palermo, see note

pálido, -a pallid, pale

palma f. palm

palpar feel

pan m. bread

papel m. paper

papelito m. (dimin. of papel) slip of paper

par m. pair, equal, peer; sin ~ unequaled, matchless; a ~ together

para for, to, in order to; estar ~ be about to; ~ que in order to, in order that

parabién m. congratulations

parar stop, put a stop to; ~ se stop, pause

pardiez by Jove

parecer irreg. seem; me parece I think; al ~ apparently; ~ se a resemble

pared f. wall

pareja f. pair, couple

parentela f. kindred, relations

párpado m. eyelid

parte f. part, place, spot; en cualquier ~ anywhere

particular particular, special; personal, private

partida f. departure; ¡de ~ ! on our way!

partir part, divide; depart, start; share

pasar pass, happen; pierce; pass out; qué pasa por mí what is happening to me, what is wrong with me

pasearse walk about

pasión f. passion

paso m. step, passage, way; al ~ immediately; a ~ largo hurriedly, quickly; abrir ~ make way for; cerrar el ~ prevent, interfere; dar un ~ take a step, move; dar ~ make way; dejar ~ let pass, make way for