LIST OF CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER I

Introduction. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 1

CHAPTER II

Historical Sketch of the Development of Legislation for Injurious and Dangerous Industries in England. By Miss A. M. Anderson, H.M. Principal Lady Inspector of Factories, 24

Special Rules for Injurious Occupations—Appendix.

CHAPTER III

Regulation of Injurious or Dangerous Occupations in Factories and Workshops in some of the Chief European Countries. By Miss A. M. Anderson, 44

CHAPTER IV

Principles of Prospective Legislation for Dangerous Trades. By H. J. Tennant, M.P., Chairman late Dangerous Trades Committee, 63

CHAPTER V

Infant Mortality and Factory Labour. I.—By Mrs H. J. Tennant. II.—By George Reid, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, Staffordshire County Council, 73

CHAPTER VI

Child Labour. By Miss Margaret M’Millan, Member of School Board, Bradford, 90

CHAPTER VII

Home-Work. By A. Ballantyne, 98

CHAPTER VIII

The Physiology and Pathology of Work and Fatigue. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 104

CHAPTER IX

Mortality of Occupations. By John Tatham, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., General Register Office, Somerset House, London, 118

CHAPTER X

Dust-Producing Occupations. By John Tatham, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., General Register Office, Somerset House, London, 134

Potter, Earthenware, China Manufacture—Cutlers, Scissor-makers—File-cutters—Glassmakers—Copper-workers—Iron and Steel Workers—Zinc-workers—Lead-workers—Stone Quarriers—Brass-workers—Gunsmiths—Chimney Sweeps, Soot Merchants—Textile-workers—Wool, Worsted Manufacturers—Other Workers in Dusty Trades—Effects of Breathing Foul Air: Bookbinders, Printers; Musicians; Hatters; Hairdressers; Tailors; Drapers, Manchester Warehousemen; Shoemakers—The Mining Industry: Coal Miners; Ironstone-mining; Copper Miners; Tin Miners—Mortality of Unoccupied and Occupied Men.

CHAPTER XI

The Diseases of Soldiers at Home and Abroad. By John R. Dodd, M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P.H., Lieutenant-Colonel Royal Army Medical Corps, 166

CHAPTER XII

Health in the Marine Service. By William Collingridge, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P.H. (Camb.), Medical Officer of Health, City of London, formerly (1880–1901) Medical Officer of Health, Port of London, 182

Diseases due to their Employment—Diseases caused by the Habits of Seamen—Diseases of Climate—Diseases due to Insanitary Conditions and Environment.

CHAPTER XIII

Railways. By Henry H. Cunynghame, C.B., Assistant Under-Secretary, Home Department, 190

CHAPTER XIV

Safe-Guarding of Machinery. By H. S. Richmond, H.M. Superintending Inspector of Factories, 203

Prime Movers—Steam Engines—Gas and Oil Engines—Other Prime Movers—Electrical Generators—Mill-Gearing—Mill-Gearing Construction—Access to Shafting—Fencing of Low Shafting, etc.—Pulleys—Driving Belts—Shipping of Belts— Belt Poles—Protection of Belts—Bevel Wheels—Means of Stopping Machinery—Machine Tools—Fencing of Dangerous Machinery—Set-screws—Toothed Wheels—Shaft or Spindle Ends—Loose Pulleys and Strap Forks—Plate Wheels—Hoists—Teagles—Cranes, Winches, etc.—Self-acting Mules—Looms—Circular Saws—Planing Machines—Power Process.

CHAPTER XV

Agriculture, Horses, Cattle. By D’Arcy Power, F.R.C.S., M.A. (Oxon.), Senior Surgeon, Victoria Hospital for Children; Assistant Surgeon, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Assistant Professor of Physiology, Royal Veterinary College, London, 232

Agriculture: Labourers; Gardeners—Horses: Ostlers, Stablemen, and Cartmen—Cattle: Butchers, Slaughterers, and Tanners; Cowmen and Dairymaids; Shepherds; Pig-keepers.

CHAPTER XVI

Electric Generating Works. By Hamilton P. Smith, Retired Commander R.N., and one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 250

CHAPTER XVII

Dust as a Cause of Occupation Disease. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 267

General View of the Subject—Skin Diseases of Flax-workers—Diseases of Nails in Furriers—Lung Diseases due to Dust—Gastro-intestinal Lesions.

CHAPTER XVIII

Dust Women. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 278

CHAPTER XIX

Lead and its Compounds. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 282

Lead Mining and the Health and Surroundings of the Miner—Lead-smelting—Red Lead, Lead Oxide, Litharge, Massicot, Minium—White Lead: Carbonate of Lead (Céruse, Fr.)—Lead Poisoning—Treatment: Preventive and Curative—Chromate of Lead: Dye Works—Calico Printing—Enamelling of Iron Plates and Hollow Ware—Electric Accumulator Works and Lead Poisoning—Motor Cars—Electric Tramways—Soldering, Typefounding, Printing, Typesetting, Linotyping—Precautions—Plumbing—House Painting—Coach Painting—Glass Polishing—File-cutting—Use of Lead in Potteries—Chromo-lithographic Works and Transfer-making—Tile-making and Manufacture of Porcelain Stoves—Washing of Lead-workers’ and Painters’ Clothes—Lead Foil Manufacture—Shoe-finishing and Staining by Lead Compounds—Lucifer Matches containing Lead—Buffing of Brass Cocks and Plumbism.

CHAPTER XX

Electrical Treatment in Cases of Lead Poisoning. By H. Lewis Jones, M.D., Medical Officer in charge of Electrical Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 373

The Elimination of the Metal—The Electrical Treatment of the Paralysis caused by Lead.

CHAPTER XXI

Arsenic. By Malcolm Morris, F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Dermatology, St Mary’s Hospital, London, 378

Symptoms—Treatment and Prophylaxis.

CHAPTER XXII

China and Earthenware Manufacture: Potters’ Rot. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 382

Symptoms—Prevention.

CHAPTER XXIII

Basic Slag. By John Hedley, M.D., Middlesborough, 390

CHAPTER XXIV

Ganister Crushing. By Hamilton P. Smith, Retired Commander R.N., and one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 396

Report on Portions of Lung from a Ganister Miner—Microscopic Examination—Chemical Analysis.

CHAPTER XXV

Millstone Building: French Buhrstone. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 405

CHAPTER XXVI

Steel Grinding. By Sinclair White, F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Surgery, University College, Sheffield, 408

Grinding—Glazing—Polishing—Lapping—Racing the Stone.

CHAPTER XXVII

Phosphorus and Lucifer Matches. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 417

Phosphorus Necrosis—Prevention of Phosphorus Necrosis—Treatment of Phosphorus Necrosis.

CHAPTER XXVIII

Dangers in the Use of Mercury and its Salts. By T. Morison Legge, M.D., H.M. Medical Inspector of Factories, 434

Introduction—Historical—Mode in which Poisoning is brought about—Symptoms—Recovery from the Ore—Making of Thermometers—Incandescent Electric Lamps—Electrical Meters—Gold and Silver Extraction—Water-gilding—Silvering of Mirrors—Hatters Furriers’ Processes—Preparation of Mercurial Compounds—Preventive Measures—Rules to be observed in the Manufacture of Mercurial Preparations.

CHAPTER XXIX

The Lesions resulting from the Manufacture and Uses of Potassium and Sodium Bichromate. By T. Morison Legge, M.D., H.M. Medical Inspector of Factories, 447

Nature of the Perforation—Ulceration of the Skin.

CHAPTER XXX

Copper and Brass. By Robert M. Simon, B.A., M.D. (Cantab.), F.R.C.P., Physician, General Hospital, Birmingham; and Seymour H. Knyvett, M.A. (Oxon.), one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 455

CHAPTER XXXI

Indiarubber—Dangers Incidental to the Use of Bisulphide of Carbon and Naphtha. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 470

CHAPTER XXXII

The Effects of Dinitrobenzine and other Nitro-substitution Products of the Aromatic Series on the Workmen employed in the Manufacture of High Explosives. By Robert Prosser White, M.D., Surgeon, Roburite Explosives Company; Hon. Medical Officer, Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan, 475

Poisonous Dose—Acute Poisoning—Subacute Poisoning—Chronic Poisoning—Muscular System—Nervous Symptoms—Eye Affections—Urinary Affection—Urine—Pathology: The Blood—Prognosis—Precautions.

CHAPTER XXXIII

Dry Cleaning by Means of Benzine. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 491

CHAPTER XXXIV

Use of Inflammable or Spirit Paints. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 494

CHAPTER XXXV

Acetylene and its Dangers. By Hamilton P. Smith, Retired Commander R.N., and one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 497

CHAPTER XXXVI

Flour Mills. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 505

CHAPTER XXXVII

Mining. By Henry Louis, M.A., A.R.S.M., F.I.C., F.G.S., Professor of Mining, Durham College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 508

CHAPTER XXXVIII

The Air of Mines. By John Haldane, M.D., F.R.S., Fellow of New College, and Lecturer on Physiology, University of Oxford, 540

Black-damp—Carbonic Acid—Fire-damp—After-damp—Smoke—White-damp, Gob-stink, Fire-stink—Gases from Explosions.

CHAPTER XXXIX

Quarries. By John Brown, M.D., D.P.H., M.O.H., Borough of Bacup; and T. N. Kelynack, M.D., M.R.C.P., London, Assistant Physician to Mount Vernon Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, Hampstead and Northwood; late Pathologist and Medical Registrar, Manchester Royal Infirmary, etc., 557

Introduction—Definitions—Varieties of Quarries—Methods of Working—Pathology—Etiology—Quarry Accidents—Diseases—Affections of the Respiratory Organs—Cardio-Vascular Disease—Cutaneous Lesions—Digestive Disturbances—Ear Affections—Eye Affections—Osteo-arthritis—Septic Infection—Tetanus—Legal Provisions—Prophylaxis and Treatment—Preventive Measures—Treatment of Accidents and Ailments occurring in Quarries.

CHAPTER XL

The Chemical Trades. By A. P. Laurie, M.A., Principal, Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh, 568

Introductory Remarks—The Le Blanc Process—Alkali Manufacture, other Methods—The Chemical Worker—Hours of Work in Alkali Manufacture—The Administration of the Alkali Act—Output Method of Paying Wages—Bichromate of Potash Manufacture—Coal Tar Products—Bisulphide of Carbon—Phosphorus—Health of Chemical Workers as shown by Statistics.

CHAPTER XLI

Explosions and Explosives. By A. Cooper Key (Major, late R.A.), H.M. Inspector of Explosives, 599

Introductory—Accidents in Manufacture and Use—Products of Combustion; Fumes—Explosives in Coal Mines.

CHAPTER XLII

Anthrax. By W. H. Hamer, M.D., F.R.C.P., Assistant Medical Officer of Health, City of London, 621

Hides and Horsehair—History of the Disease—Anthrax Statistics—Outbreaks Recorded during Recent Years—Anthrax Notification—Grouping of Anthrax Cases—Grouping of Cases considered in relation to Preventive Measures—Disinfection and Other Measures of Precaution.

CHAPTER XLIII

Anthrax: Its Relation to the Wool Industry. By John Henry Bell, M.D., Consulting Medical Officer, Bradford Royal Infirmary; Consulting Surgeon, Bradford Eye and Ear Hospital, 634

Cutaneous Anthrax—Erysipelatous Anthrax: Symptoms; Diagnosis; Prognosis—Pulmonary Anthrax: Symptoms; Duration of Illness; Diagnosis; Prognosis; Incubation—Pathological Changes: External; Internal—Intestinal Anthrax—Distribution of the Bacilli—Preventive Measures—The Precautionary Regulations—Treatment.

CHAPTER XLIV

Rags and their Products in Relation to Health. By John A. E. Stuart, L.R.C.S. (Edin.), Medical Officer of Health, Batley, Yorkshire, 644

Rag-Sorting, Rag-Grinding, Shoddy, Mango, Flocks, Carbonising or Wool-Extracting—Effects of Rag-Sorting on Health—Carbonising—Recommendations.

CHAPTER XLV

Blanket Stoving. By John A. E. Stuart, L.R.C.S. (Edin.), Medical Officer of Health, Batley, Yorkshire, 648

CHAPTER XLVI

Jute. By Harry J. Wilson, one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 650

CHAPTER XLVII

Laundry Workers. By Lucy A. E. Deane, one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 663

CHAPTER XLVIII

Fish-Curing and Fruit-Preserving. By Mary M. Paterson, one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 673

CHAPTER XLIX

Women’s Labour in Tinplate Works. By Rose E. Squire, one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 681

Opening—Washing—Pickling—Tin-houses.

CHAPTER L

Women’s Labour in Aerated Water Works. By Rose E. Squire, one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 687

CHAPTER LI

Flax and Linen. By Henry S. Purdon, M.D., Certifying Factory Surgeon; Consulting Physician, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Belfast, 691

Historical, Manufacturing, Hygienic, and Medical.

CHAPTER LII

Manufacture of Cotton. By Jas. Wheatley, M.D., B.Sc. (Lond.), Medical Officer of Health, Blackburn, 702

CHAPTER LIII

Rabbit Down. By Rose E. Squire, one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 724

CHAPTER LIV

Diseases due to Working in Compressed and Stagnant Air. By Thomas Oliver, M.A., F.R.C.P., 728

Caisson Disease: Treatment—Dangers Incidental to the Making of, and Working in, Tunnels—Underground Railways—Divers’ Paralysis.

CHAPTER LV

Diseases due to Diminished Atmospheric Pressure: Pure and Impure Gases. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 749

Mountain Climbers—Military Balloonists.

CHAPTER LVI

Effects of Concussion of the Air. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 752

Boilermakers—Riveters—Shipwrights, etc.

CHAPTER LVII

Iron and Steel Industries. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 756

Exposure to High Temperatures, and Severe Muscular Strain—Blacksmiths and Forgemen—Use of Converters in Steel Works—Nail and Chain Making.

CHAPTER LVIII

Eye Diseases and Eye Accidents in relation to Industrial Occupations. By Simeon Snell, F.R.C.S. (Edin.), Ophthalmic Surgeon, Royal Infirmary; and Professor of Ophthalmology, University College, Sheffield, 761

Diseases due to Occupations involving prolonged use or excessive strain of the Eyes, such as Nystagmus in Miners and others—Diseases due to Occupations involving the use of certain Poisonous Substances, such as Dinitrobenzol, Bisulphide of Carbon, Tobacco, Lead, etc.—Diseases due to Occupations involving exposure to excessive Light or Heat, or both, such as Burnishers, Steel Melters, Electric Welders, etc.—Exposure to Electric Light—Injuries or Accidents amongst Grinders, Iron and Steel Workers, Masons, Coal Miners, Weavers, etc.—Bursting of Water Gauges on Boilers.

CHAPTER LIX

Miscellaneous Trades. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 788

Silicate of Cotton—Upholsterers’ Occupation—Joiners and Carpenters: Workers in Sequoia Wood—Manufacture of Celluloid—Tobacco and Cigar Manufacture—Engine-Drivers and Railway Employés—Drivers of Public Vehicles—Cooks—Confection Makers—Domestic Servants and Housemaids, etc.—Barmen and Dealers in Alcoholic Drinks—Sewing-Machine Workers—Label-licking—Glass Manufacture: Glass-Blowing—Glazed Ware Poisonous from other causes than Lead: Cyanide of Potassium—Coal-Heaving, Coal-Trimming, and Chimney-Sweeping—Manufacture and Use of Emery Wheels.

CHAPTER LX

Occupation Diseases due to Excessively Repeated Muscular Actions. By Thomas Oliver, M.D., F.R.C.P., 815

Fatigue Neuroses: Scriveners’ Spasm, or Writers’ Palsy; Telegraphists’ Spasm, or Cramp; Pianoforte Players’ Cramp, etc.; Shoemakers’ Spasm—Boot and Shoe Making.

Appendix: Special Rules. By Hamilton P. Smith, Retired Commander R.N., and one of H.M. Inspectors of Factories, 827