APPENDIX (continued 2)

8. Storage of Food and Clothing.—No workman shall keep any food, or any articles of clothing other than those he is wearing, in any room or shed in which any dry or drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or skins are handled.

He shall not take any food in any such room or shed.

9. Wounds.—Every workman having any open cut or scratch or raw surface however trifling, upon his face, head, neck, arm, or hand, shall immediately report the fact to the foreman, and shall not work on the premises until the wound is healed, or is completely covered by a proper dressing after being thoroughly washed.

Arthur Whitelegge,

H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories.

August 1899.

Note 1.—These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Note 2.—Nature of the Disease.—The danger against which these Rules are directed is that of anthrax—a fatal disease affecting certain animals, which may be conveyed from them to man by the handling of hides of animals which have died of the disease. The germs of the disease (anthrax spores) are found in the dust and in the substance of the hide, and may remain active for years. In this country anthrax is rare, and precautions are taken to prevent infected hides from coming into the market, consequently there is little danger in handling the hides slaughtered in the United Kingdom: but in Russia, China, and the East Indies, and in many other parts of the world, the disease is common, and infected hides (which do not differ from others in appearance) are often shipped to British ports. Hence in handling foreign dry hides the above Rules should be carefully observed. Wet salted hides are free from dust, and less risk is incurred in handling them.

The disease is communicated to man sometimes by breathing or swallowing the dust from an infected hide, but much more usually by the poison lodging in some point where the skin is broken: such as a fresh scratch or cut, or a scratched pimple, or even chapped hands. This happens most readily on the uncovered parts of the body, the hand, arm, face, and most frequently of all on the neck; owing either to an infected hide rubbing against the bare skin, or to dust from such a hide alighting on the raw surface. Hence the necessity for the coverings required by the Rules. But a raw surface covered by clothing is not free from risk, for dust lodging upon the clothes may sooner or later work its way to the skin beneath. Infection may also be brought about by rubbing or scratching a pimple with hand or nail carrying the anthrax poison.

The first symptom of anthrax is usually a small inflamed swelling like a pimple or boil, often quite painless, which extends, and in a few days becomes black at the centre and surrounded by other “pimples.” The poison is now liable to be absorbed into the system and will cause risk to life, which can be avoided only by prompt and effective medical treatment in the early stage while the poison is still confined to the pimple. Hence it is of the utmost importance that a doctor should at once be consulted if there is any suspicion of infection.

Form 383.

Factory and Workshop Acts, 1878 to 1895.

SPECIAL RULES.

WOOL-COMBING.

For the purpose of Rules 1, 2, 12, and 13, “opening” of any wool or hair means the opening of the fleece, or, if it be not in the fleece, the opening out for looking over, or classing purposes.

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.

1. Opening.—No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, or Camel Hair shall be opened except—

(a) after steeping in water, or

(b) over an efficient opening board.

For the purposes of this Rule, no opening board shall be considered efficient unless, over a central area of four square feet, the linear velocity of air passing through the screen shall average at least 150 feet per minute for each square foot, the measurements to be taken on a uniform system approved by H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories; and no opening board shall have an area of less than seven square feet.

2. All badly-damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces, and skin, wool, or hair of the kinds named in Rule 1, shall be opened by an experienced man in the manner prescribed in Rule 1, and damped with a disinfectant and then washed without being willowed.

3. Every bale of Van Mohair shall be steeped in water before being opened.

4. Willowing.—No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall be willowed except in a separate room provided with an efficient exhaust fan so arranged as to draw the dust away from the workmen and prevent it from entering the air of the room.

No wool or hair shall be stored in a willowing room.

The floor of every such room shall be sprinkled daily with a disinfectant solution and swept immediately after sprinkling.

The walls and ceilings of every such room shall be limewashed at least once a year and swept down at least once a month.

5. Dust.—The dust collected by the willows or other dust extracting machines and from the opening boards shall be discharged into properly constructed receptacles, and not into the open air. This dust shall be removed at least once a week.

6. Storage of Clothing and Food.—Suitable provision shall be made for keeping the clothing and food of all persons who are employed in the warehouse, or in any room in which is carried on willowing or opening, or any other process through which the wool or hair passes before being washed.

7. Wounds.—No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of the body shall be employed in a place specified in Rule 6.

8. Meals.—No person shall be allowed to prepare or partake of any food in a place specified in Rule 6, or in a carding room.

9. Lavatories.—Sufficient and suitable washing conveniences shall be provided and maintained for all persons employed in the places specified in Rule 6.

The washing conveniences shall comprise soap, nail-brushes, and towels, and at least one wash-hand basin for every five persons employed as above, each basin being fitted with a waste-pipe and having a constant supply of water laid on.

10. Dressings.—Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds shall be kept at hand.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

11. Opening.—If, on opening a bale, any fallen fleeces or damaged material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall report the discovery immediately to the foreman.

12. No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, or Camel Hair shall be opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 1.

13. No badly damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces, or skin, wool, or hair of the kinds named in Rule 1 shall be opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 2.

14. No bale of Van Mohair shall be opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 3.

15. Willowing.—No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall be willowed except as permitted by Rule 4.

16. Wounds.—Any person employed in a place specified in Rule 6, and having an open cut or sore upon any part of the body, shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.

17. Storage of Clothing and Food.—No clothing or food shall be kept in any place specified in Rule 6.

18. Meals.—No person shall prepare or partake of food in a place specified in Rule 6, or in a carding room, or bring any food into such room.

19. Washing.—No person employed in any place specified in Rule 6 shall leave the works or partake of meals without previously washing his or her hands.

20. Failure of Fan, etc.—If the fan or any other appliance necessary for the carrying out of these Rules is out of order, any workman becoming aware of the defect shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.

Arthur Whitelegge,

H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories.

May 1900.

Note.—These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form 384.

Factory and Workshop Acts, 1878 to 1895.

SPECIAL RULES.

LUCIFER MATCH FACTORIES IN WHICH WHITE OR YELLOW PHOSPHORUS IS USED.

Definitions.—In these Rules “phosphorus process” means mixing, dipping, drying, boxing, and any other work or process in which White or Yellow Phosphorus is used; and “persons employed in a phosphorus process” means any person who is employed in any room or part of the factory where such a process is carried on.

“Double-dipped matches” means wood splints, both ends of which have been dipped in the igniting composition.

“Certifying Surgeon” means a Surgeon appointed under the Factory and Workshop Acts.

Any approval or decision given by the Chief Inspector of Factories in pursuance of these Rules shall be given in writing, and may at any time be revoked by notice in writing signed by him.

Date of Commencement of Certain Rules.—Rules 5 (a), 5 (b), 6, 8, and 19, so far as they affect the employment of adult workers, shall not come into force until the 1st day of October 1900.

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.

1. Plans.—No part of a lucifer match factory shall be constructed, structurally altered, or newly used for the carrying on of any phosphorus process, unless the plans have previously been submitted in duplicate to the Chief Inspector of Factories, and unless he shall have approved the plans in writing, or shall not, within six weeks from the submission of the plans, have expressed his disapproval in writing of the same.

2. Every room in which mixing, dipping, drying, or boxing is carried on—

Ventilation.—Shall be efficiently ventilated by means of sufficient openings to the outer air, and also by means of fans, unless the use of fans is dispensed with by order in writing of the Chief Inspector;

Air Space.—Shall contain at least 400 cubic feet of air space for each person employed therein; and in computing this air space no height above 14 feet shall be taken into account;

Lighting.—Shall be efficiently lighted;

Floor.—Shall have a smooth and impervious floor. A floor laid with flagstones or hard bricks in good repair shall be deemed to constitute a smooth and impervious floor.

3. Separate Rooms.—(a) The processes of mixing, dipping, and drying shall each be done in a separate and distinct room. The process of boxing double-dipped matches or matches not thoroughly dry shall also be done in a separate and distinct room. These rooms shall not communicate with any other part of the factory unless there shall be a ventilated space intervening; nor shall they communicate with one another, except by means of doorways with closely-fitting doors, which doors shall be kept shut except when some person is passing through.

Mixing.—(b) Mixing shall not be done except in an apparatus so closed, or so arranged, and ventilated by means of a fan, as to prevent the entrance of fumes into the air of the mixing room.

Dipping.—(c) Dipping shall not be done except on a slab provided with an efficient exhaust fan, and with an air inlet between the dipper and the slab, or with a hood, so arranged as to draw the fumes away from the dipper, and to prevent them from entering the air of the dipping room.

Drying.—(d) Matches that have been dipped and cannot at once be removed to the drying room shall immediately be placed under a hood provided with an efficient exhaust fan, so arranged as to prevent the fumes from entering the air of the room.

(e) Matches shall not be taken to a boxing room not arranged in compliance with sub-section (f) of this Rule until they are thoroughly dry, and matches shall not be taken to a boxing room that is so arranged until they are dried so far as they can be before cutting down and boxing.

Boxing.—(f) Cutting down of double-dipped matches and boxing of matches not thoroughly dry shall not be done except at benches or tables provided with an efficient exhaust fan, so arranged as to draw the fumes away from the worker and prevent them from entering the air of the boxing room.

Mechanical arrangements obviating Hand Labour.—Provided that the foregoing Rule shall not prevent the employment of any mechanical arrangement for carrying on any of the above-mentioned processes if the same be approved by the Chief Inspector as obviating the use of hand labour, and if it be used subject to the conditions (if any) specified in such approval.

Provided further, that if the Chief Inspector shall, on consideration of the special circumstances of any particular case, so approve in writing, all or any of the provisions of the foregoing Rule may be suspended for the time named in such approval in writing.

4. Phosphorus Paste.—Vessels containing phosphorus paste shall, when not actually in use, be kept constantly covered, and closely fitting covers or damp flannels shall be provided for the purpose.

5. Appointed Dentist.—(a) For the purposes of these Rules the occupier shall appoint, subject to the approval of the Chief Inspector, a duly qualified and registered Dentist, herein termed the Appointed Dentist.

Suspension.—It shall be the duty of the Appointed Dentist to suspend from employment in any phosphorus process any person whom he finds to incur danger of phosphorus necrosis by reason of defective conditions of teeth or exposure of the jaw.

Preliminary Examination.—(b) No person shall be newly employed in a dipping room for more than 28 days, whether such days are consecutive or not, without being examined by the Appointed Dentist.

Periodical Examination.—(c) Every person employed in a phosphorus process, except persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other thoroughly dry matches, shall be examined by the Appointed Dentist at least once in every three months.

Special Examination in case of Toothache, etc.—(d) Any person employed in the factory complaining of toothache, or a pain or swelling of the jaw, shall at once be examined by the Appointed Dentist.

Reference of Cases to Certifying Surgeon.—(e) When the Appointed Dentist has reason to believe that any person employed in the factory is suffering from inflammation or necrosis of the jaw, or is in such a state of health as to incur danger of phosphorus necrosis, he shall at once direct the attention of the Certifying Surgeon and occupier to the case. Thereupon such person shall at once be examined by the Certifying Surgeon.

6. Exclusion of Certain Persons from Employment in Phosphorus Processes.—No person shall be employed in a phosphorus process—

after suspension by the Appointed Dentist; or

after the extraction of a tooth; or

after any operation involving exposure of the jawbone; or

after inflammation or necrosis of the jaw; or

after examination by the Appointed Dentist in pursuance of Rule 5 (d);

or after reference to the Certifying Surgeon in pursuance of Rule 5 (e), unless a certificate of fitness has been given, after examination, by signed entry in the health register, by the Appointed Dentist or by the Certifying Surgeon in cases referred to him under Rule 5 (e).

7. Health Register. Entries by Occupier.—A health register, in a form approved by the Chief Inspector of Factories, shall be kept by the occupier, and shall contain a complete list of all persons employed in each phosphorus process, specifying with regard to each such person the full name, address, age when first employed, and date of first employment.

Entries by Certifying Surgeon.—The Certifying Surgeon will enter in the health register the dates and results of his examinations of persons employed in phosphorus processes, and particulars of any directions given by him.

Entries by Appointed Dentist.—The Appointed Dentist will enter in the health register the dates and results of his examinations of the teeth of persons employed in phosphorus processes, and particulars of any directions given by him, and a note of any case referred by him to the Certifying Surgeon.

Health Register to be produced when required.—The health register shall be produced at any time when required by H.M. Inspectors of Factories, or by the Certifying Surgeon, or by the Appointed Dentist.

8. Preliminary Examination by Certifying Surgeon. Certificate of Fitness.—Except persons whose names are on the health register mentioned in Rule 7, and in respect of whom certificates of fitness shall have been granted, no person shall be newly employed in any phosphorus process for more than 28 days, whether such days are consecutive or not, without a certificate of fitness, granted after examination by the Certifying Surgeon, by signed entry in the health register.

This Rule shall not apply to persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other thoroughly dry matches.

9. Overalls.—The occupier shall provide and maintain sufficient and suitable overalls for all persons employed in phosphorus processes, except for persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other thoroughly dry matches, and shall cause them to be worn as directed in Rule 20.

At the end of every day’s work they shall be collected and kept in proper custody in a suitable place set apart for the purpose.

They shall be thoroughly washed every week, and suitable arrangements for this purpose shall be made by the occupier.

10. The occupier shall provide and maintain—

(a) Dining-room.—A dining-room, and

(b) Cloak-room.—A cloak-room in which workers can deposit clothing put off during working hours.

11. Food.—No person shall be allowed to prepare or partake of any food or drink in any room in which a phosphorus process is carried on, nor to bring any food or drink into such room.

12. Lavatory.—The occupier shall provide and maintain for the use of the workers a lavatory, with soap, nail-brushes, towels, and at least one lavatory basin for every five persons employed in any phosphorus process.

Each such basin shall be fitted with a waste-pipe, or the basins shall be placed on a trough fitted with a waste-pipe. There shall be a constant supply of hot and cold water laid on to each basin.

Or, in the place of basins, the occupier shall provide and maintain enamel or galvanised iron troughs, in good repair, of a total length of 2 feet for every five persons employed, fitted with waste-pipes and without plugs, with a sufficient supply of warm water constantly available.

The lavatory shall be kept thoroughly cleansed, and shall be supplied with a sufficient quantity of clean towels twice in each day.

Additional means of Washing where required.—There shall, in addition, be means of washing in close proximity to the workers in any department, if so required in writing by the Inspector in charge of the District.

13. Mouth-wash.—The occupier shall provide for the use of every person employed in a phosphorus process an antiseptic mouth-wash approved by the Appointed Dentist, and a sufficient supply of glasses or cups.

14. Cleansing of Floors.—The floor of each room in which a phosphorus process is carried on shall be cleared of waste at least once a day, and washed at least once a week.

15. Copy of Rules to be given to Persons Employed.—A printed copy of these Rules shall be given to each person on entering upon employment in a phosphorus process.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

16. Use of Appliances provided by Occupier under Rule 3.—No person shall work in a mixing, dipping, drying, or boxing room under other conditions than those prescribed in Rule 3.

17. Phosphorus Paste.—No person shall allow a vessel containing phosphorus paste to remain uncovered except when actually in use.

18. Medical and Dental Examination.—All persons employed in a phosphorus process shall present themselves at the appointed times for examination by the Certifying Surgeon and Appointed Dentist, as provided in Rules 5, 6, and 8.

19. Toothache, etc., to be reported. Exclusion from Employment in Phosphorus Processes.—Every person employed in a phosphorus process and suffering from toothache or swelling of the jaw: or having had a tooth extracted, or having undergone any other operation involving exposure of the jaw, shall at once inform the occupier, and shall not resume employment in a phosphorus process without a certificate of fitness from the Appointed Dentist, as provided in Rule 6.

No person, after suspension by the Appointed Dentist, or after reference to the Certifying Surgeon, shall resume employment in a phosphorus process without a certificate of fitness, as provided in Rule 6.

20. Overalls.--Every person employed in a phosphorus process for whom the occupier is required by Rule 9 to provide overalls shall wear while at work the overalls so provided.

21. Washing.—Every person employed in a phosphorus process shall, before partaking of meals or leaving the premises, deposit the overalls in the place appointed by the occupier for the purpose, and shall thoroughly wash in the lavatory.

22. Food.—No person shall prepare or partake of food or drink in any room in which a phosphorus process is being carried on, or bring any food or drink into such room.

23. Means of Removal of Dust and Fumes not to be interfered with.—No person shall in any way interfere, without the knowledge and concurrence of the occupier or manager, with the means and appliances provided for the removal of dust and fumes.

24. Foremen to Report Neglect of Rules.—Foremen and forewomen shall report to the manager any instance coming under their notice of a worker neglecting to observe these Rules.

Arthur Whitelegge

Chief Inspector of Factories.

M. W. Ridley

One of Her Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State.

April 1900.

Note.—These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by persons employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in contravention to them, is liable to a penalty, and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form 385.

Factory and Workshop Acts, 1878 to 1895.

SPECIAL RULES, for works in which LEAD OR ARSENIC IS USED IN THE TINNING AND ENAMELLING OF METAL HOLLOW WARE AND COOKING UTENSILS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

Washing.—They shall provide washing conveniences, with a sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels; and take measures to secure that every worker wash face and hands before meals and before leaving the works.

Meals.—They shall see that no food is eaten in any room where the process of tinning or enamelling is carried on.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

Washing.—Every worker shall wash face and hands before meals and before leaving the works.

Meals.—No worker shall eat food in any room where the process of tinning or enamelling is carried on.

Arthur Whitelegge,

H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories.

Note.—These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the person employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form 386.

Factory and Workshop Acts, 1878 to 1895.

SPECIAL RULES.

ELECTRIC ACCUMULATOR WORKS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

Bath, Lavatory.—They shall provide a bath and lavatory accommodation, with a plentiful supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels.

Respirators, Overalls.—They shall provide respirators and overall suits for all persons employed in the operation of mixing.

Gloves and Aprons.—They shall provide gloves and aprons for all persons employed in the occupation of rubbing.

They shall see that the gloves are constantly inspected and renewed when defective.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

In cases where the co-operation of the workers is required for carrying out the foregoing Rules, and where such co-operation is not given, the workers shall be held liable in accordance with the Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Section 9, which runs as follows:—“If any person who is bound to observe any special rules established for any factory or workshop under this Act acts in contravention of, or fails to comply with, any such special rule, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two pounds.”

Respirators.—A good respirator is a cambric bag with or without a thin flexible wire made to fit over the nose.

Arthur Whitelegge,

H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories.