INDEX

Abel, Sir Frederick, process of treating gun-cotton, 600;

on tonite, 611.

Aberdeen, granite workers, suffer from chronic bronchitis, 275.

Abruzzi, lathyrism in the, 235.

Académie de Médecine (Paris), 57, 793.

Académie des Sciences (Paris), 114, 434.

Accident Insurance Associations (Germany), 50, 60, 512.

Accidents, in mines, 11, 12, 33, 157, 158, 161, 200, 508–33, 783;

in textile and non-textile industries, 12, 200;

their prevention in factories, 54;

to occupied and unoccupied males, 164;

on sailing- and steam-ships, 184;

on railways, 190–202;

in agriculture, 236, 783;

in electric works, 260;

caused by grindstones, 412, 784;

to bargemen, 530;

well-sinkers, 542;

quarriers, 560;

in manufacture and use of explosives, 601–9;

in tinplate works, 683;

aerated water works, 687, 786;

to eyes, in industrial occupations, 776–87;

in iron and steel works, 777;

boiler, 787.

Acetylene and its dangers, 497–504.

Acne in rag-grinders, 467.

Actinomycosis, disease caused by infected grain, 248.

Addison, Dr, 382.

Adenitis in label-lickers, 803.

Administrative decrees for sanitary regulation of factories in France and Belgium, 55, 56.

Admiralty adopts eight hours’ day, 8.

Aerated water works, women employed in, 687–90;

Special Rules, 687, 854;

eye accidents in, 786.

Africa, pellagra in, 235.

Africa, South, enteric fever in, 175, 176, 178.

Africa, West Coast of, 171.

After-damp, in mines, 548–53.

Age, mortality of occupations in relation to, 127–29.

Agriculture, 232–37;

machinery accidents in, 236;

eye accidents, 783.

Agriculturists, 120;

mortality tables, 135, 149.

Ague, brassfounders’, 144, 455–62.

Air, of mines, 540–56;

of jute factories, 657;

diseases due to compressed and stagnant (in caissons, tunnels, etc.), 728–48;

to diminished pressure of, 749;

to concussion of, 752.

Alabaster quarries, 558.

Albuminate of mercury, 437.

Alcohol and fatigue, 113.

Alcoholism, mortality among cutlers, 138, 595;

glass-makers, 139, 595;

chimney sweeps, 146;

musicians, 151;

hatters, 152;

hairdressers, 153;

tailors, 153, 154;

drapers, 154, 155;

shoemakers, 155, 824;

miners, 157, 160, 161, 405;

occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 595, 720;

in mercantile marine, 183, 185;

predisposes to plumbism, 305, 310;

quarriers, 563;

chemical workers, 572;

file-cutters, copper workers, carpenters, earthenware makers, 595;

brewers, 595, 801;

hecklers and roughers, 697;

agriculturists, cotton operatives, 720;

drivers of public vehicles, 798, 801;

publicans and innkeepers, 801;

coal heavers and trimmers, 808.

Alkali Acts, 588, 597.

Alkali, manufacture of, 582;

hours of workers in, 586.

Alkali Union, 586, 588, 589.

Allahabad, lathyrism at, 235.

Allbutt’s System of Medicine, 309, 477, 819, 822.

Allgm. Medic. Central Zeitung, 474.

Almaden (Spain), quicksilver mines, 434, 438, 538.

Alpaca, 634.

Alpine tunnels, the, 737–43.

Alström, Mr (Rorstrand Potteries, Stockholm), 363.

Amalgamated Brass-Workers’ Association, 461.

Amberite, sporting powder, 619.

Amblyopia, blindness caused by bisulphide of carbon, 473, 768;

by dinitrobenzine, 482;

in tobacco factories, 768, 769.

America, railways in, 197, 198;

all file-cutting done by machinery, 346;

fireclay mines, 399, 400;

mercurial poisoning from hatters furriers’ processes in, 442;

mining accidents, 521, 522;

alkali works in, 598;

telegraphists’ spasm in, 820.

American, or Blake machine, in shoe-factories, 436, 825.

Ammonia soda process, 583.

Ammonite, for blasting, 619.

Ammonium-nitrate explosives, 603, 605, 606, 612, 615, 619.

Ammunition, manufacture of, 602, 603, 606.

Amorphous, or red, phosphorus, 417–19.

Amvis, for blasting, 619.

Anchylosis, 233.

Anchylostomiasis, 16;

in miners, 537;

in tunnel miners (“maladie des tunnels”), 743.

Anderson, Miss A. M., 363, 671.

Andes, the, 749.

Andrews, Dr F. W., pathologist at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 400;

on tetanus in jute-workers, 659.

Aneurism, affects sailors, 183, 184;

butchers, slaughterers, and tanners, 246;

(popliteal) common in jockeys and grooms, 245.

Aniline, 483, 591.

Aniline dyes, 317.

Ankle drop, a symptom of plumbism, 306.

Annales d’Hygiène publique, 442, 448, 806.

Annales des Mines de Belgique, 537.

Annealing, in glass manufacture, 805.

Annuaire de la Législation du Travail (Belgium), 45.

Annual Register, 192.

Anthracene, 812.

Anthracosis, or miners’ phthisis, 273;

stokers’, 797.

Anthrax (charbon, splenic fever), 13, 19;

in wool-workers, 148, 244, 634–43;

drovers, shepherds, farmers, farriers, veterinary surgeons, knackers, slaughterers, fell-mongers, hair- and horn-workers, rag-sorters, plasterers, furriers, felt-workers, mattress-makers, 244;

brush-workers, 244, 627;

tanners, 244, 246;

its history, 622;

statistics, 623;

outbreaks and notification of, 625, 626;

grouping of cases, 627;

preventive measures, disinfection and treatment, 629–33, 643;

cutaneous, 636;

pulmonary, 637;

intestinal, 641.

Antimony, smelting of, 270;

poisoning by, 324, 325;

compounds of, 592.

Apoplexy, heat, 171, 175, 180;

the “fireman’s frenzy” of stokers, 183, 184.

Appendicitis, 17.

Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte, 320, 368, 436, 448, 625, 632.

Arbitration, and Factory Act of 1901, 5;

the principle of, 32;

for mines, 37, 39;

and Special Rules, 65–71;

match manufacturers, 423.

Arbitration Court at Stoke-on-Trent, 363.

Archiv. de Med. Milit., 750.

Ardeer, Scotland, nitro-glycerine explosion at, 609.

Arlidge, Dr, Hygiene and Diseases of Occupations, 137, 139, 140, 274, 302, 328, 354, 380, 382, 384, 388, 467, 468, 498, 698, 759;

The Sanitation of Industries and Occupations, 396.

Armstrong, Dr Henry E., Medical Officer of Health, Newcastle, 328, 753.

Army, health of the, 166–81.

Arnaud, Dr, Marseilles, 424.

Arsenic, used for colouring purposes, 378;

symptoms and treatment of poisoning by, 455;

compounds of, 592;

its effects on eyes, 770;

Special Rules for extraction of, 831.

Arsenical pyrites, 538.

Arseniuretted hydrogen, 750.

Artificially- v. breast-fed children, 85.

Artisans and labourers, working-classes divided into, 111.

Asbestos, 25.

Ashanti Expeditions (1873 and 1895–96), “doctors’ wars,” 173, 180, 181.

Ashley, Lord, 33.

Askam separator, for basic slag, 391.

Asprières, Aveyron, lead mining at, 284.

Asquith, H. H., 75, 354, 462, 468.

Asthma, induced by bichromate, 452;

in rag-sorters, 645;

flax-workers, 698;

sawyers, 791.

Ataxia, locomotor, 802.

Atkinson, Dr, Crewe, 796.

Atkinson, W. N., 541.

Atropin, antidote to mushroom poisoning, 237.

Australia, eight hours’ day in, 7;

anchylostomiasis among miners, 537.

Austria, factory legislation in, 46, 51, 54;

inspectorate in, 47, 48;

powers of health authorities, 49–51;

employment of women after childbirth, 54;

lucifer match industry in, 421, 422.

Austrian Industrial Code, 46.

Automatic couplings, on railways, 193, 197, 201.

Babes, Dr, Bucharest, 244.

Bacteriological Laboratory at Dey, Algiers, 803.

Bagehot, Walter, 64.

Baker, Mr, Chief of Factory Department, 35, 81, 696.

Bakers, death rate, 135, 505.

Ballard, Dr, 392.

Ballistite, 600, 619.

Balloonists, military, 750.

Balmskz, Dr, 481.

Bamberg, Dr, Stockholm, 379.

Bands, scroll- or draw-, 225.

Bargemen, accident death rate, 530.

Barium, compounds of, 592.

Barium nitrate, in explosives, 611.

Barium sulphate, 294, 366.

Barmen, high mortality of, 800.

Barometer-making, 439.

Barracks, military, 168.

Bartholomew, Gilbert, Managing Director of Bryant & May, 432.

Basalt or whinstone quarries, 558.

Basic slag, 276, 390–95;

pulmonary symptoms in grinders of, 393;

silicate of cotton made from refuse, 788.

Batch, fused mass of chrome, ironstone, etc., 449.

Bateman, Dr, 434.

Batley, rag-trade at, 644.

Battelli, Dr, Geneva University, 258.

Bayer, Dr, 284.

Beach, Sir Michael Hicks-, 193.

Beaconsfield, Lord, 192.

Bécourt, M., 448.

Bedson, Professor of Chemistry, Newcastle College of Science, 301, 303, 310, 369.

Bee-stings, among field-workers, 236.

Beetling machines (linen manufacture), 695.

Belfast, centre of linen trade, 695.

Belgian Mills Co., Pearson v., 213.

Belgian Superior Council of Labour, 14.

Belgium, colliers’ diseases in, 16;

factory legislation and inspectorate in, 47, 49, 51;

employment of women after childbirth, 53;

use of white phosphorus limited in, 60;

fireclay mining in, 399;

lucifer match industry, 421, 424;

phosphorus necrosis in, 428;

mining accidents, 512, 519;

anchylostomiasis in miners, 537;

alkali works, 598;

miners’ nystagmus in, 764;

chimney sweeps, 811.

Bell, Sir Charles, 815.

Bellhangers, death rate, 755.

Bellite, for blasting, 619.

Belts and mill-gearing, 205, 208–11;

shaftings, pulleys, couplings, etc., 209.

Benefit Societies of the Printers and Type-casters of Vienna, 275.

Benzine, and its dinitro compounds, 475.

Benzine, dry cleaning by, 491–3.

Berg-, Hütten-, und Salinen-wesen im Preussischen Staate, Zeitschrift für des, 518, 537.

Berg- und Hütten-wesen im Königreiche Sachsen, Jahrbuch für das, 518.

Beriberi, seamen liable to, 183, 187.

Berichte über die Verwaltung der Knappschafts-Berufsgenossenschaft, 517.

Berkfeld, his bacterial filter, 175.

Berlin, printers in, 325;

manufacture of incandescent electric lamps in, 439.

Berlin International Conference on Factories, 40.

Berlin. Klin. Wochenschrift, 805.

Bermondsey, case of anthrax in, 629.

Bernard, Claude, 550.

Bert, Paul, French physiologist, 736.

Bertarelli, M., 431.

Berthelot, Professor, 599.

Besançon process for treating white lead, 290, 294.

Bessemer metal, heat of, 772.

Bessemer process of steel manufacture, 758.

Bevel wheels (mill-gearing), 212, 217.

Bichât Hospital, Paris, lead colic patients in, 320.

Bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate), 442, 443.

Bichromate of potassium and sodium (bichromes), lesions resulting from manufactureand use of, 447–54;

Special Rules for manufacture, 844.

Bilston, hollow ware tinning and enamelling works at, 319.

Birmingham, infant mortality, in, 78;

iron-plate enamelling at, 317;

sheet glass manufacture in, 804.

Birmingham Medical Review, 458.

Birmingham, Dr C. L., Ganister Disease, 396, 399.

Birtwistle, Hindle v., 214.

Bischof process, in white lead manufacture, 292.

Biscuit, earthenware after its first firing, 348, 383.

Bismarck brown pigment, 483.

Bisulphide of carbon, poisoning by, 19, 42, 481;

used in indiarubber works, 470, 855;

causes peripheral neuritis, 472;

and toxic hysteria, 473;

its effects on eyes, 768;

Special Rules for use of, 855.

Bituminous coal mines, America, 522.

Blackbeck, Haverthwaite, gunpowder explosions at, 608, 609.

Blackburn, cotton spinning at, 706;

death rate of cotton operatives in, 718.

Blackburn Observatory, daily records of moisture in weaving sheds, 710.

Black-damp, in mines, 540–45.

Blackman’s ventilating fan, 698.

Blacksmiths, their diseases and death rate, 135, 757.

Blackwall Tunnel, 730.

Blake sole-stitching machine, 436, 825.

Blanket-stoving, 648;

causes bronchitis and emphysema, 649.

Blast furnacemen, their diseases, 756.

Blasting explosives, 559, 619;

fumes produced in mines by, 536;

eye accident from, 784.

Blasting gelatine (nitro-cotton dissolved into nitro-glycerine), 555, 559, 614, 619.

Blaudet, M., 468.

Bleach packers, 577, 578.

Bleaching linen, 695.

Bleaching powder, manufacture of, 574–80;

hours of work, etc., 587.

Blindness, caused by accidents, 776.

Bloomfontein, 178.

Blowing room (cotton spinning), 702.

Blue and white beds, in a lead factory, 289.

Blyth, Wynter, 310.

Board of Trade, and railways, 191–202.

Bobbin-turners (jute works), 652.

Boers, the, 179.

Bohemia, ergotism in, 234;

lucifer match works in, 422.

Boiler Explosives Act, 565.

Boilermakers, their deafness, 752;

their health, 753, 754.

Boilermakers’ Society, 752.

Bolam, Dr R. A., 274, 277, 337, 792.

Bolt-heads and bolts for mill-gearing, 209.

Bones, fragility of, in lucifer match makers, 425.

Bookbinders, death rate, 150.

Bootmaking, 822.

Bottlers, of aerated water, 687;

eye accidents to, 786.

Bouquet, M., 57.

Bourgeois, La Pustule Maligne et L’Œdème Malin, 636.

Bournemouth, horses killed by electric shock at, 256.

Boyce, Professor, 629.

Boys, Professor C. V., 259.

Bradford, School Board and Board of Guardians Conference at, 91;

wool industry at, 634.

Brain work, and brain fatigue, 109.

Brakesmen, railway, 195.

Brandt, of Hamburg, discovers white or yellow phosphorus, 418.

Brandt, Brandau et Cie., Zurich, 740.

Brass, manufacture of, 455–66.

Brass-casters, 455, 461.

Brass cocks, buffing of, 371.

Brassfounders’ ague, 144, 455–62.

Brass-workers, death rate, 135, 144;

more unhealthy than copper-, 468;

Special Rules, 850.

Brass-workers’ Organisation, 460.

Brazil, pellagra in, 235.

Breaker card (jute), 653;

(flax), 694.

Breaker-mills, for ganister crushing, 397.

Brewers, death rate, 594, 595, 801.

Brickearth quarries, 558.

Bricklayers, death rate, 135;

eye accidents, 784, 785.

Bridges, Dr, Inspector of Factories, 705.

Bright’s disease, miners subject to, 157.

Brigue (Simplon Tunnel), 740, 741.

Brimstone, blanket-stoving with, 648.

Brine works (Germany), accidents in, 513–15.

British Association Report, 538.

British Medical Association, 73, 75, 87, 796.

British Medical Journal, 75, 109, 258, 308, 425, 466, 482, 502, 550, 766, 769, 809.

Brocoorens, Dr, Grammont, 424.

Broken Hill, Australia, lead mining at, 283, 538.

Bromsgrove, nail-making at, 759.

Bronchial affections, among porcelain- and cement-makers, masons, 274;

blast furnacemen, 756;

glass-makers, 805.

Bronchitis, in seamen, 183;

field-workers, 234;

Aberdeen granite workers, 275;

typographers, 329, 330;

coal and metal miners, 535;

rag-sorters, 645;

blanket-stovers, 649;

jute-workers, 660;

jam-makers, 680;

occupied and unoccupied males, agriculturists, cotton operatives, 720;

boilermakers, shipwrights, 754;

sawyers, 791;

engine drivers, 796.

Bronzing, dry, 268;

brass, 465.

Brooklyn Suspension Bridge, 731, 734.

Brose, Dr, 773.

Brown, Dr Ed., 26.

Brunel, 191;

his use of caissons, 731.

Brünner, Mond, & Co., 583, 587, 588, 597.

Bruntscliffe, Yorks., gunpowder explosion at Victoria Colliery, 608.

Brush-workers, 244;

anthrax in, 627.

Bryant & May, 425, 427, 432;

their allowance to necrosis patients, 20.

Buchanan, Dr George, Medical Officer Local Government Board, 467, 705.

Buckingham, Duke of, 192.

Buda Pesth, manufacture of incandescent electric lamps at, 439;

steam roller system of milling, 505.

Budd, Dr William, 623.

Buffing, of brass cocks, and plumbism, 371;

of silver, eye affections, 771.

Buhrstone, French, 405–7, 784.

Bulhurst coal seam, North Staff., 555.

Bulletin de l’Inspection du Travail (France), 45, 294.

Bulletin Médical, 803.

Bunsen burner, 546.

Burgess, Dr Duncan, Senior Physician, Sheffield Royal Hospital, 409.

Burkitt, Dr, 554.

Burnishers of silver, eye affections, 771.

Burns, John, M.P., 14.

Burslem potteries, 346.

Busquet, Surgeon-Major, French Army, 803.

Butchers, 245.

Butlin, Henry T., Surgeon St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Cancer of the Scrotum in Chimney Sweeps, 809, 811, 812.

Byssinosis, lung disease from inhaling cotton particles, 273.

Cabmen, and alcoholism, 798, 801.

Cage hoists, 220.

Caisson disease (compressed air illness), 537, 728–35;

its treatment, 735.

Caissons, for well-boring, bridge-building, etc., 728–31.

Calcium carbide, 497, 499–501.

Calcott, Dr, Newcastle Asylum at Cox Lodge, 799.

Calender machine, adapted to laundry work, 666.

Calico-printing, 317, 447.

Calliard or ganister stone, 396.

Calomel (the subchloride of mercury), 442, 443.

Camel’s wool or hair, 634.

Campbell and Greenwood’s guard, 229.

Camphor, 792.

Canada, use of corundum stone in, 813.

Cancer, affects glass-makers, 139;

chimney sweeps, 146, 809;

wool-workers, 148;

bookbinders, 150;

shoemakers, 155;

miners, 158, 161, 162;

occupied and unoccupied men, 164;

field-workers, 234;

gardeners, 237;

boilermakers, and shipwrights, 754;

workers in tar and paraffin, 812.

Cannonite, 619.

Carbide of calcium, 497, 499–501.

Carbon, all explosives contain, 610.

Carbon bisulphide, see bisulphide of carbon.

Carbon monoxide, 610;

in tunnels, 744.

Carbonate of lead (céruse), 288, 292.

Carbonators, 291.

Carbonic acid (carbon dioxide), in mines, 544–46;

in weaving sheds, 713;

in tunnels, 744.

Carbonic anhydride, 610.

Carbonic oxide, or carbon monoxide, 536, 548–55.

Carbonising, process applied to cotton rags, 646.

Carbonite, blasting explosive, 555, 620.

Carding, jute, 653;

flax, 698;

cotton, 703.

Cardio-vascular disease, in quarriers, 563.

Carmarthen, tinplate works at, 681.

Carotting, brushing rabbit skins, 438, 441, 442, 446.

Carpenters, death rate, 594, 595;

subject to contracted tendons, hernia, varicocele, 791.

Carpet manufacturers, death rate, 135.

Carr, Henry, Our Domestic Poisons, 379.

Carragheen moss, Irish, 695.

Carriage wheels, 225.

Cartmen, 238.

Casters, printing trade, lead dust, 275;

transfer making, 455, 461.

Castings of iron or steel, 780.

Casualties at sea, 184.

Catania, 112.

Cataract, in glass blowers, 773, 806.

Cats, diphtheria caught from, 247;

experiments with benzine and toluene on, 476.

Cattani, discovers tetanus bacilli, 241.

Cattle, anthrax in, 624.

Caustic soda, manufacture of, 573.

“Cavalryman’s leg,” 245.

Celluloid, manufacture of, 792.

Cement dust, diseases caused by, 274.

Centanni, Professor, and hydrophobia, 244.

Céruse (carbonate of lead), 288, 292.

Ceylon, 173.

Chabert, Dr, 623.

Chadwick, Sir Edwin, 26.

Chaff-cutting machines, 224;

eye accidents, 783.

Chain and nail making, 758.

Chalicosis, or silicosis, lung disease due to dust, etc., 273.

Chalk quarries, 558.

Chamberland, Pasteur-, his bacterial filter, 175.

Chambers’ Encyclopædia, 399.

Chance’s process, in sulphur manufacture, 582.

Charbon or anthrax, see anthrax.

Charcoal, 811.

Charcot, Dr, 481.

Chauveau, M.A., 114, 630.

Chemical industry, causes of its decline in England, 5;

its decay on Tyneside, 6;

a survey of, 566–98;

table of average hours of labour and wages in, 585;

output method of wage-paying, 589;

health of workers in, 592–98;

Special Rules for, 843.

Chepstow, use of caissons at, 731.

Chert quarries, 558.

Cheshire salt mines, 508.

Chester, tobacco factory at, 769.

Chevallier, Dr, 448.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 478.

Chick-pea (lathyrus), 235.

Child-birth, employment of women in factories after, 53, 54.

Child-labour, 90–97.

Children, high mortality of lead-workers’, 303.

Children’s Employment Commission (1862), Report of, 35.

Chimney sweeps, death rate, 135, 145;

cancer in, 146, 809;

pulmonary, kidney, and heart disease in, 808;

their ablutions, 811.

China, or porcelain, 349.

China clay, 347, 382, 558.

China manufacturers, 36, 43;

death rate, 135;

liable to pulmonary disease and phthisis, 382–89;

Special Rules for, 834–41.

China-red powder, 370.

Chipping in iron and steel works, 779–82.

Chlorate of potass, 419, 420.

Chlorate mixtures, as explosives, 602.

Chlorine, 574–80, 583.

Choquet, Dr, 326.

Chromate of lead, 315.

Chromate of potassium, Special Rules for manufacture of, 844.

Chrome dyes, 315–17.

Chrome holes, ulcers caused by bichromate, 453.

Chrome ironstone, 449.

Chromo-lithographic works and transfer making, 365.

Cigar manufacture, 793;

a proper industry for women, 795.

Cincinnati, tobacco works in, 769.

Cincinnati Lancet Clinic, 769.

Cinnabar, 434;

extraction of quicksilver from, 438.

Circular saw, 227.

Circulatory diseases, among gunsmiths, steel-, zinc-, and brass-workers, chimney sweeps, coopers, wood-turners, rope makers, bricklayers, masons, carpet makers, tin- and wool-workers, locksmiths, bakers, 135;

blacksmiths, 135, 757;

earthenware- and china-workers, 135, 136, 595;

glass-makers, 135, 139, 595;

copper-workers, 135, 140, 595;

iron-workers, 135, 141;

lead-workers, 135, 143, 595;

stone quarriers, 135, 143;

cutlers, file-makers, cotton operatives, 135, 595;

bookbinders, 150;

printers, musicians, 151;

miners, 158, 161;

brewers, carpenters, chemical workers, 595;

occupied and unoccupied males, 595, 720;

agriculturists, 720;

boilermakers and shipwrights, 754.

Cirrhosis of liver, in barmen, 801.

Cirrhosis of lung (potters’ phthisis), 389.

Classification of industries, 123.

Clay quarries, 558.

Claybury Asylum, Essex, 308.

Clichy (France), white lead works at, 311, 312.

Climbing boys, in chimney sweeping, 810, 811.

Clinical Journal, 746.

Cloth manufacture, 644.

Clowes, Detection of Inflammable Gas, 546.

Coachmen, liable to glanders and farcy, 238.

Coachpainters, and plumbism, 338.

Coal, four kinds of heating, 811.

Coal-dust, an explosive agent, 526.

Coal heavers and trimmers, subject to alcoholism, phthisis, and pulmonary diseases, 808.

Coal miners, comparison of night and day shift work, 9;

and Workmen’s Compensation Act, 10, 11;

death rate of, 158;

technical education of, 529;

their diseases, 533–39;

more healthy than metal-, 534;

nystagmus, 761–64;

eye accidents to, 783.

Coal mines, accidents in,—Germany, 511–19;

France, 512, 520;

Belgium, 512, 519;

Italy, 520;

America, 521;

England, 523–28;

death rate from explosions, 525;

falls of coal and roof (“backbye” accidents), 526, 527;

safety lamps, 527;

transport and shaft accidents, 528;

explosions and explosives in, 548, 615–18.

Coal Mines Act (1850 and 1855), 33;

(1860), 34, 199;

(1872), 34, 37;

(1881 and 1887), 38;

Regulation Act, 511, 517, 529.

Coal Mines, Royal Commission (1862–4) on, 38.

Coalport China Co., 360.

Coal tar, in indiarubber work, 470;

its products, 590;

eye accidents from, 770.

Cobalt, oxide of, 348.

Colefax, M., 363.

Colic, an early symptom of plumbism, 15, 305;

of electricians, 320;

file-cutters, 343;

brass-workers, 460;

copper-workers, 468.

Collars, for mill-gearing, 209.

Collings, Jesse, 361.

Colour grinders, lead insanity, 308;

mixers, and plumbism, 335.

Colour and paint factories, 447;

Special Rules for, 831.

Combe’s method, for treating white lead, 290, 313.

Comité Consultatif d’Hygiène, 294.

Commission Supérieure du Travail dans l’Industrie, 49.

Compensation Acts, Workmen’s, 224.

Compositors, see typographers.

Compositors, London Society of, 328;

Mortality Table, 330.

Compressed and stagnant air, diseases due to working in, 728–48.

Concussion of the air, effects of, 752.

Conductors, of electricity, 251, 252.

Confectioners, death rate, 135;

liable to caries of the teeth, ophthalmia, etc., 798.

Congrès International des Accidents du Travail (Brussels), 14.

Conjunctivitis, due to dusty occupations, 783;

to lime, 785.

Conseil de Salubrité, 36.

Converters, in steel works, 757.

Cooks, in mercantile marine, 189;

health of domestic, 798.

Coopers, death rate, 135.

Cope Bros., tobacco manufacturers, 769.

Copper, arsenites of, 379.

Copper-miners, death rate, 156, 162;

a healthy occupation, 538.

Copper-smelting, 466–69.

Copper-workers, death rate, 135, 139, 594, 595;

their occupation less dangerous than that of brass-, 468.

Cops, for jute yarn, 654.

Corchorus capsularis, C. olitarus, jute fibre obtained from, 650.

Cordite, 599, 600, 619.

Cornbrook, Manchester, lyddite explosion at, 609.

Cornish clay, 347, 382.

Cornwall, tin miners, 162;

liable to phthisis, bronchitis, and pneumonia, 535;

intermarriage among quarriers in, 562.

Corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury), 437, 442, 443.

Corundum stone, for emery wheels, 813.

Cotton, manufacture of, 702–23.

Cotton Cloth Factories Act, 679, 706, 713.

Cotton dust, 276, 715.

Cotton factories, standard purity of air in, 41;

machinery in, 703;

humidity of the air in, 707–14.

Cotton famine in Lancashire, 75.

Cotton operatives, death rate, 135, 147;

(Blackburn), 721;

Cotton powder, or tonite, 620.

Cotton rags, 644.

Council of Hygiene (Paris), 327.

Couplings, automatic, on railways, 193, 197, 201;

for mill-gearing, 209;

Courtois, 293.

Courtois-Suffit, Dr, 431.

Coventry, prostration of trade (1861) in, 75;

sale of Godfrey’s cordial and opiates in, 79, 80.

Cowmen, 246, 247.

Cowpox, or vaccinia, cowmen and dairymaids liable to, 246.

Cows, communicate tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and ringworm, 247.

Cradley Heath, chain making at, 759.

Craig, Montrose, nitro-glycerine explosion at, 607, 608.

Cramp, W. D., Factory Inspector, 354, 695.

Cranes, winches, etc., 221.

Crarae Quarry, Loch Fyne, gunpowder explosion at, 611.

Crèche, the, its proper sphere, 83;

for flax-workers, 701.

Cripps, Mr, K.C., 363.

Crocus, a fine powder for polishing steel, 411.

Crommelin, Louis, sketch of the Irish linen trade, 691.

Crouch ware, 347.

Cumberland, ironstone mines, 161;

lead mines, 283.

Cummings, D. C., Secretary Boilermakers’ Society, 753.

Cundill, Colonel, 607.

Cunningham, Dr George, 417.

Curgenven, Mr, 80.

Curing, in indiarubber works, 768.

Currents, electrical, 251.

Curtis’ and Harvey’s sporting powder, 611.

Cutlers, death rate, 135, 137, 594, 595.

Cutler’s glazer, or emery wheel, 412, 777, 813.

Cutlery, scale tang, 413.

Cyanide of potassium, in gold mining, 509;

in glazed ware, 807.

Cyanides, the, 592.

Cymmer, Glamorganshire, dynamite explosion at, 608.

Dairymaids, 246, 247.

Dangerous trades, or industries, historical sketch of legislation for, 24–43;

their regulation in chief countries of Europe, 44–62;

Special Rules for, 59, 827–64;

principles of prospective legislation for, 63–72.

Dangerous Trades Committee, 14, 57, 68, 260, 316, 338–40, 342, 343, 345, 346, 405, 406, 687, 757, 758, 784, 786, 789, 803, 813.

D’Arsonval, Dr, 258, 263.

Darwin, 94.

Davaine, and the anthrax bacillus, 623.

Davidson’s ventilating fan, 698.

Davis, Bremner, 258.

Deacon’s process for treating bleaching powder, 575, 578–80.

Deafness, in jute-workers, 660;

boilermakers and riveters, 752.

Dealers in alcoholic drinks, high mortality of, 800.

Deane, Miss, Factory Inspector, 302, 442.

Dearden, Dr, Manchester, 425.

Decennial Supplements to Reports of Registrar-General, 118–28, 150, 389, 525, 530, 717, 719.

Decorators, lead insanity in, 308.

Decrees for sanitary regulation of factories in France and Belgium, 55, 56.

Deepcar, near Sheffield, ganister works at, 784.

Deer and anthrax, 624.

Delpech and Hillairet, Memoire ... des chromates, 448, 452.

Denmark, inspectorate in, 49;

ventilation of factories in, 51;

employment of women after childbirth, 54;

use of white phosphorus interdicted in, 421.

Derby, Lord, 191.

Derbyshire mines, 158–60;

pig-lead in, 283.

Dermatoconiosis, skin disease caused by dust, 268;

flax-workers subject to, 269, 699.

Desilvering of lead, 287.

Destructors, dust, 279.

Detonators, 602, 603, 605, 606.

Deutsche Milit. Zeitschrift, 751.

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie, 812.

Devon, tin mines, 162;

clay, 347.

Dhobie itch, a complaint among soldiers in India, 176.

Diabetes, in drapers, 154;

miners, 158;

engine drivers, 796;

publicans, etc., 802.

Diamond Match Co., Liverpool, 429.

Diarrhœa, seamen subject to, 185.

Dictionary of Explosives, 599.

Digestive diseases, in glass-makers, 139, 595;

iron and steel workers, 141;

lead-workers, 143, 595;

quarriers, 144, 563;

brass-workers, 145;

wool-workers, 148;

printers, musicians, 151;

tailors, 154;

ironstone miners, 161;

typographers, 275;

brewers, 595;

cutlers, file-cutters, carpenters, chemical workers, earthenware makers, 595;

occupied and unoccupied men, 720;

engine drivers, 796.

Dijon Academy, 293.

Dilke, Sir C. W., 14.

Dinas rock, 396.

Dingle, Dr, Medical Officer of Health, Middlesborough, 394.

Dinitrobenzine, its effects on makers of high explosives, 475–90.

Dinitrobenzol, 615, 619;

manufacture of, 765–67;

its effect on the eyes, 766.

Dinitronaphthalene, 619.

Dinitrotoluene, 476.

Dioxide, sulphur, 580, 581.

Diphtheria, caused by cows’ milk and cats, 247.

Dippers (pottery), 383;

(brass), 465;

(dinitrobenzol manufacture), 765.

Disease, dust as a cause of occupation, 267–77.

Disease, industrial, various definitions of, 14, 15;

good effects of notification of, 22.

Diseases of Animals Act, 624.

Distoma hepaticum, or liver fluke, in shepherds, 249.

Districts, industrial, agricultural, mining, 120.

Divers’ paralysis, 746;

its treatment, 748.

Dock labourers, death rate from accidents, 530;

anthrax in, 628.

Doffer knife, for flax, 694.

Doffers, mill fever and skin eruptions in, 699.

Domestic servants, subject to ulceration of stomach, 798.

Dominion Carbide Works (Ottawa), 501.

Don, Valley of the, centre of the ganister-crushing industry, 396.

Donaldson, 97.

Dorset clay, 347.

Douchy mine (France), 730.

Dowling, Influence of Tobacco on Vision; some Investigations made in Tobacco Manufactories of Cincinnati, 769.

Downcast shaft (mines), 540.

Drapers, death rate, 154.

Draw- or scroll-bands, 225.

Drawers, in cotton spinning, 703.

Dreschfeld, Dr, 481.

Dressing in iron and steel works, 779.

Drivers of public vehicles, subject to alcoholism, gout, rheumatism, etc., 798.

Driving belts, for mill-gearing, 211.

Drovers, anthrax in, 244.

Dry bronzing, 268.

Dry grinders, mortality of, 409, 415, 416.

Drysalting hides and skins, Special Rules for, 856.

Dubini, of Milan, 743.

Dublin, shock from electric lamp at, 257.

Dudfield, Dr, 280.

Dudley, hollow ware manufacture at, 319;

chain making at, 759.

Dundee, chief jute manufacture seat, 651–62.

Dupré, Dr, 613, 716, 767.

Dupuytren’s contraction, in field-workers, 233;

gardeners, 237;

quarriers, 564.

Durham, coal mines in, 158–60;

lead mines, 283, 284.

Durham County Hospital, 808.

Dust as a cause of occupation diseases, 267–77.

Dust destructors, 279.

Dust-producing occupations, 134–65;

their relative mortality, 135.

Dust women, 278–81.

Dye works, poisoning in, 315–17;

and eye troubles, 770;

Special Rules for, 850.

Dyeing, 447.

Dynamite, 556, 559, 600, 614, 620;

gelatine, 559, 599, 600, 620.

Dynamos, 251.

Dysentery, among soldiers, 174, 177;

sailors, 183, 185.

E.C. powder, 619.

Ear affections, in quarrymen, 563.

Earle, Sir James, edition of Percivall Pott’s Works, 237.

Earthenware manufacture, 35, 36, 43;

death rate in, 135, 594, 595;

and plumbism, 360;

Special Rules for, 834–41.

East London, anthrax cases in, 627.

Economic Journal, 278, 795.

Eczema, 270.

Edge runner mills, 390, 391.

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 434, 482.

Edwards, James H., ship-repairer, South Shields, 495.

Egypt, 171.

Egyptian flax, 699.

Egyptians, anthrax the “grievous murrain” of the, 622;

as glass makers, 804.

Ehrenfield, glass-makers at, 806.

Eissler, Professor, 599.

Electric accumulator works and lead poisoning, 320;

Special Rules for, 863.

Electric, baths, 375–77;

currents, 251;

generating works, 250–66;

generators, 208;

incandescent lamp manufacture, 439;

light, its effect on eyes, 773–75;

tramways, 323;

welding, its effect on eyes, 774.

Electric shock, deaths from, 253–60;

suggestions for treating apparent death from, 263.

Electrical furnaces, 497;

meters, 440;

Electrical Review, 258, 263.

Electrical treatment in plumbism, 315, 373–77.

Electrolysis of salt, 583.

Electronite, for blasting, 619.

Electroplating, 440.

Elterwater, Westmoreland, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Elvatka guard, 227.

Emery rock, imported from Smyrna and Naxos, 813.

Emery wheel, or cutler’s glazer, 412, 773, 813.

Emphysema, in seamen, 183;

porcelain- and cement-makers, masons, 274;

millers, bakers, 505;

blanket-stovers, 649;

jute-workers, 660.

Employers’ Associations (France), 55.

Employers’ Liability Act (1880), 9, 20, 565.

Employment of Boys in the Sweeping of Chimneys in England Acts, 812.

Enamelling, of iron plates, 317;

of hollow ware, 319;

Special Rules for, 833, 848, 863.

Encephalopathy, cerebral type of plumbism, 288, 307, 326, 366, 369.

Encyclopédie d’Hygiène, 325.

Engine drivers, their diseases, 796, 797.

Engine-makers, death rate, 755.

Engines, steam-, gas-, and oil-, 206.

England, the pioneer of factory legislation, 3;

causes of decline of chemical and metallurgical industries in, 5;

lagging behind in factory legislation, 45;

decay of lead mining in, 283;

white lead made by old Dutch process in, 288.

English Sanitary Science, 76.

Enteric fever, 174;

among soldiers, 177–79;

sailors, with table of mortality, 187, 188;

among field-workers, 234;

boilermakers and shipwrights, 754.

Enteroconiosis, gastro-intestinal lesion caused by dust, 268, 273.

Epernon, Seine Valley, buhrstone imported from, 405.

Equalised Druids Society, 776.

Ergograph, instrument for estimating muscular work, 105.

Ergotism, disease caused by spurred rye, 234.

Erith, gunpowder explosion at, 607, 608.

Erysipelas, in butchers, slaughterers, tanners, 245;

upholsterers, 789.

Erysipelatous anthrax, 636.

Ethane, fire-damp in mines, 546.

Eulenberg, Dr, 324, 794.

Europe, use of phosphorus in, 421.

Expert-Besançon et Cie., Paris, their process for treating white lead, 290, 294.

Explosions in collieries, 548.

Explosives, comparative safety of manufacture of, 17;

high, 475–90;

nitro-glycerine, 536;

gases from, 555;

in quarries, 559;

and explosions, 599–620;

Special Rules for manufacture of, 842.

Explosives Act, 565.

Eye diseases, caused by dinitrobenzine, 482;

in quarries, 564;

glass-makers, 806;

accidents, in industrial occupations, 776–87.

Faber, Dr, 325.

Factories, and the Workmen’s Compensation Act (1897), 12, 13;

survey of legislation for, 44–62;

ventilation and lighting in, 51;

prevention of accidents in, 54;

employment of mothers in, 73 et seq.;

machinery in, 205.

Factory and Workshop Acts (1802 and 1833), 31;

(1844), 31, 41;

(1864 and 1867), 35, 36;

(1871), 35;

(1878), 35, 36, 64, 214, 220, 464, 564;

(1883), 39;

(1889), 40, 41;

(1891), 4, 40, 41, 58, 99, 199, 205, 214, 220, 461, 465, 564, 827;

(1895), 41, 71, 99, 101, 203, 626;

(1901), 4, 199, 205, 213, 218, 697, 829.

Factory Acts, 28;

first extended to women, 32;

and the British Constitution, 63;

Special Rules under, 829–64.

Factory Bill of 1901, 47, 71.

Factory Commission (1875), 36, 80.

Factory Inspectorate, organised by Act of 1884, 31;

in various countries, 47–49.

Factory labour and infant mortality, 73–89.

Factory legislation, England the pioneer of, 3;

improves trade and conditions of labour, 5;

and effects of particular trades on health, 22;

Acts of 1802 and 1833, the landmarks of, 31;

its progress, 34;

laundries included in, 42;

England lagging behind in, 45;

Royal Commission (1876) on, 47;

home-work not controlled by, 99.

Fans for removal of dust, in steel-grinding, 411, 413, 777;

in lucifer match works, 420;

in hatters furriers’ processes, 446.

Faradic current, 481.

Farcy, in man, 240.

Farmers, mortality table, 128, 135, 244.

Farr, Dr, 118, 127, 136.

Farriers, anthrax in, 244.

Fascia, contraction of the palmar, 233, 237, 564.

Fatigue, its causes, 106;

and alcohol, 43.

Faversham, gunpowder explosion at Hall’s Factory, 608.

Fawcus, H. B., Royal Army Medical Corps, 733.

Feathers, induce ophthalmia and lung disease, 790.

Federal Council, Germany, 46, 48, 58, 61.

Federated Trades Council, 345.

Fell-mongers, anthrax in, 244.

Fell-workers, anthrax in, 244;

dust, 276.

Felspar, 347, 348.

Fencing, of machinery, 203–31;

of quarries, 565.

Fenton potteries, 346.

Fergusson, Sir James, 81.

Fettling, in iron and steel works, 779.

Fibrosis of lung, 272;

in potters, 387;

in ganister crushers, 396.

Field work, and maternity, 81.

Fieldworkers, their bodily ills, 405.

“Fiery” coal seams, 547.

Fierté-sous-Jouarre, buhrstone imported from, 405.

File-cutters, death rate, 135, 138, 594, 595;

dust diseases of, 275;

lead insanity, 308;

plumbism, 341, 770;

machinery v. hand, 341.

Fillers, in dinitrobenzol works, 765.

Filters, 175.

Finisher card (jute works), 653.

Finishers of silver, subject to eye affections, 771.

Fireclay, 399;

principal constituents of, 400.

Fire-damp in mines, 546–48.

Firemen, see engine drivers.

Fire-stink, 554.

Fireworks, manufacture of, 602, 603, 605.

Firing ware, risks incurred in, 383.

Fish-curing, 673–78.

Fitters (iron works), 755.

Flax, 25, and linen, 691–701;

process of manufacture, 693;

bleaching, 695.

Flax-workers, skin diseases of, 269, 276;

liable to phthisis, ophthalmia, asthma, etc., 696, 698;

Special Rules for, 848.

Flint quarries, 558.

Flock fever, 466.

Flour mills, 505–7.

Fluke, liver (distoma hepaticum), in shepherds, 249.

Fly-wheels, engine, 207.

Folliculitis, in doffers, 699.

Fontaine, M., 57.

Foot-and-mouth disease, transmitted to man, 247.

Ford, Colonel, Chief Inspector of Explosives, 613.

Forecastles, in mercantile marine, 182, 186.

Forgemen, their health, 757.

Forks, strap-, 217.

Forth Bridge, 731, 732.

Fosbroke, G. H., Medical Officer of Worcestershire, 234.

Foster, Dr C. Le Neve, Ore and Stone Mining, 538, 554.

Foulkes, Mr, 80.

Fournier, of Dijon, 622.

Fournière, M., 113.

Fox, Francis, The Great Alpine Tunnels, 737.

Foxdale lead mines (Isle of Man), 545.

France, match industry in, 20, 421;

manufacture of white lead, 36;

factory inspectorate, 47, 48;

ventilation of factories, 51;

lead poisoning in potteries, 57, 58;

ergotism in, 234;

pellagra and lathyrism in, 235;

lead mining, 284;

zinc white v. white lead, 293;

colique sèche in navy, 335;

pottery glaze used in, 359;

fireclay mining, 399;

phosphorus necrosis in, 428;

ceased to use yellow phosphorus, 429;

a sans phosphore match, 431;

mining accidents, 512, 520;

alkali works, 598;

mine explosions, 615;

chimney sweeping in, 811.

Frankl-Hochwart, Professor, 822.

Freestone quarries, 558.

Fredreich’s Blätter für gerichtliche Medicin, 486.

Fritted lead, 349, 354, 356, 358, 363–65, 383;

standard solubility of, 357, 364.

Fromm, Dr, 325.

Fruit-preserving, 678.

Fulminate of mercury, 559, 602, 603, 620.

Fulton, Dr, 819.

Fung Shui, 174.

Fur-brushing dust, 276.

Furnacemen, blast and puddling, their diseases, 756.

Furriers, 244;

diseases of nails in, 270.

Fur-pullers, maladies of, 724, 725.

Furness, Inveraray, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Fürth, mirror-silvering at, 435, 437, 441.

Fuses, 602.

Galena (sulphide of lead), 286, 347, 348, 360, 361, 538, 784.

Galezowski, Des Amblyopias, etc., 768, 770.

Galicia, match works in, 422.

Galloway, Professor W., 526.

Galvano-caustic method of glazing ware, 807.

Ganister (calliard) crushing and mining, risks of, 396–404;

condition of miner’s lung, 401, 404.

Gardeners, death rate, 129;

and Dupuytren’s contraction, 237;

subject to cancer, 237, 810.

Garman, Dr, Bryant & May’s Medical Officer, 425–27.

Gartsherrie (Scotland), fireclay mines at, 400.

Gas engines, 206;

safety starting-gear for, 208.

Gases from explosives, 555.

Gasfitters, lead insanity in, 308;

“gassing” symptoms, 333;

death rate, 755.

Gasmeter-makers, lead insanity in, 308.

Gastro-intestinal lesion (enteroconiosis), caused by dust, 273.

Gatebeck, Kendal, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Gautier, Dr Armand, 311;

on house-painters’ plumbism in Paris, 333.

Gelatine, blasting, 555, 559, 614, 619;

dynamite, 559, 599, 600, 620.

Gelignite, 555, 559, 620.

Generating stations, electric, 250.

Génie Civil., 745.

Germany, factory legislation and inspectorate in, 46, 47, 51;

powers of health authorities, 51;

employment of women after childbirth, 54, 88;

prevention of accidents in factories, 54;

Special Rules for dangerous trades, 59;

Trade Accident Associations, 55;

letterpress printing works in, 61;

ergotism in, 234;

Imperial Health Office, 320, 325;

inquiry into labour conditions in electric accumulator works, 320;

fireclay mining in, 399;

lucifer match industry, 422;

bichromate factories, 448, 449, 453;

mining accidents, 511–18;

metal- safer than coal-mining in, 519;

manufacture of coal-tar products, 590;

alkali works, 598;

mine explosives in, 616;

anthrax, 625, 632;

chimney sweeps in, 811.

Geroult, M., 339.

Gibb, Mr, General Manager N. E. Railway, 200.

Gillinder, Mr, 328.

Glamorgan, tinplate works in, 681.

Glanders, in man, 238;

in animals, 239.

Glasgow, chemical industry meeting at, 5;

file-cutting in, 340;

fireclay worked near, 399;

anthrax outbreak in, 625.

Glassblowers, and cataract, 773;

“glass-blowers’ mouth,” 805.

Glassmakers, 36;

death rate, 135, 139, 594, 595;

their risks, 804–807;

and cataract, 806.

Glass-polishers, and plumbism, 339.

Glass ware, new method of making hollow, 807.

Glazed ware, poisonous, 807.

Glazes, for pottery, 353–63, 368.

Glazing, of cutlery, 412.

Glibert, Dr, Medical Inspector, Labour Office, Belgium, 269, 270, 698;

his definition of industrial disease, 15.

Glost placers (pottery), 384.

Goatskins, and anthrax, 628.

Goat’s wool, or hair (mohair), 634.

Gob-stink, 554.

Godfernaux, Raymond, 745.

Godfrey’s cordial, 79.

Goelet, Dr, 258, 263.

Gold and silver extraction, 440.

Gouda, Holland, galena used for glazing at, 360.

Gould, Edward, Factory Inspector, 392, 789.

Gout, in tailors, 154;

gardeners, 237;

butchers, 246;

occupied males, brewers, file-cutters, carpenters, earthenware- and glass-makers, 595;

drivers of public vehicles, 798;

publicans, etc., 802.

Gowers, Diseases of the Nervous System, 815, 817.

Graham, Sir James, 191.

Grainers, lead insanity in, 308.

Grammont, Belgium, match factory at, 424.

Grand Committee on Trade (1902), 43.

Granger, Dr, 234.

Granite, dust, 274;

quarries, 559.

Graphite quarries, 558.

Gravel quarries, 558.

Graveri, Dr G., of Villanova-Sollaro, 431.

Gravesend (floating magazine), detonators explosion at, 608;

fireworks explosion at, 609.

Grease, or horsepox, 245, 246.

Great Britain, mining accidents in, 523.

Greek lead ore, 283.

Greenhow, Dr Headlam, 29, 77–79, 83, 137, 144, 382, 457–60.

Greenock, gunpowder explosion in the barque “Auchmountain” off, 609.

Grinders of cutlery and other steel implements, 408;

mortality of, 409, 414–16;

subject to phthisis, asthma, “rot,” 409, 410, 414;

eye accidents to, 777.

Grinding-stones, 411, 412, 416, 784;

wheels, 412–15.

Grindley, W. H., 363, 365.

Grooms, subject to glanders, 238;

popliteal aneurism, 245.

Grotto del Cane, carbonic acid in, 546.

Guard, for engine fly-wheels, 207;

shuttle, 226;

Elvatka, 227;

Longmore’s, 228;

Victor, 228;

Woodhouse and Mitchell’s, 229;

Campbell and Greenwood’s, ibid.;

against eye accidents in factories, 785.

Guards, goods (railways), 195.

Gubler, 423.

Guerrini, Dr Guido, 110.

Guggenbauer, 276.

Guinard, Dr, 806.

Gulstonian Lectures, 304.

Gun-cotton (cellulose hexa-nitrate), 555, 599, 600, 604, 610, 611, 619.

Gunpowder, 555, 559, 599, 600, 602, 603, 605, 606, 610, 611.

Gunsmiths, death rate, 135, 145.

Guttmann, Professor, 599.

Guy, Dr, 130.

Guy and Ferrier, Forensic Medicine, 460.

Gypsum quarries, 558.

Hacklemakers, jute works, 652.

Hæmoglobin, 550–552.

Hæmoglobinæmia, 484.

Hafting of knives, 412.

Hairdressers, death rate, 152.

Hair workers, and anthrax, 244.

Haldane, Dr John, 484, 544;

Causes of Death in Colliery Explosions and Fires, 548.

Half-timers, decadence of the system, 7, 93;

arrested mental development of, 95.

Halifax, carpet making at, 635.

Halkyn, Flintshire, gun-cotton explosion at, 611.

Hall, Dr Arthur, 409.

Hall, H., 526.

Hall, Dr J. C., Sheffield, 343, 411, 415.

Halstead’s “Patent Unbreakable Square-hole Solid-ended Grub Screw,” 215.

Hamilton, Dr, Certifying Surgeon for Cookstown, 698.

Hammermen’s paralysis, 757;

spasm, 821.

Hamstead Colliery, Staff., 545.

Handbook of Service Explosives, 599.

Hanley potteries, 346.

Hanover, chimney sweeps in, 811.

Hargreave’s “Mule Carriage Wheel Guard,” 225.

Harris’s patent, 336.

Hart, Ernest, 79.

Harting, Dr, 538.

Hartlepool, horse killed by electric shock at, 256.

Harvey’s sporting powder, 611.

Hasenclever apparatus, for bleach, 579.

Hatters, death rate, 152.

Hatters furriers’ processes, mercurial poisoning in, 441;

remedial measures, 446.

Head, Sir George, Home Tour, 644.

Heart disease, in potters, earthenware and china makers, 136;

cutlers, 138;

gunsmiths, 145;

sweeps, 146, 808;

tailors, 154;

drapers, shoemakers, 155;

occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 720;

soldiers, 169, 170;

sailors, 183, 184;

field workers, 232, 234, 720;

cotton operatives, 720;

puddling furnacemen, 756;

blacksmiths and forgemen, 757;

brewers, 801.

Heat apoplexy, 171, 175, 180;

the “fireman’s frenzy” of stokers, 183, 184;

Heathcote, Dr, 448.

Hecklers, flax, 693;

phthisis and bronchial troubles in, 696–98;

alcoholism, 697.

Heckling machines, 693.

Hedgers, eye accidents to, 783.

Hedley, Dr, Inspector of Mines, 11, 258.

Heidelberg, epidemic of idiopathic tetany in, 822.

Heinzerling, Ch., Gefahren und Krankheiten in der chemischen Industrie, 444.

Heise, Dr, 449, 550.

Hemianæsthesia, 481.

Helmholtz, German physiologist, 106.

Hemp dust, 276.

Hernia, 19;

sailors, 183, 184;

field workers, 236;

butchers, etc., 245;

carpenters, 791.

Herodsfoot, Liskeard, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Herrings, Scotch-cured, 674.

Hersent, French engineer at Bordeaux, 734.

Hesse, Dr, 538.

Hides and skins, anthrax and, 621–33;

dry-salting, Special Rules for, 856.

Hiene, J. W., Effects of Copper on the Human Body, 538.

High explosives, manufacture of, 475–90.

Hillairet, Dr, 448, 452.

Himalayas, the, 749.

Hindle v. Birtwistle, 214.

Hindoos, the, 179.

Hirt, Dr, 274, 276, 505.

Historie de l’Académie royale des Sciences, Paris, 434.

Hodge, Prof., 109.

Hodges, Prof., Queen’s Coll., Belfast, 692.

Hoe’s stereotyping machine, 331.

Hoffman, F. L., The Mineral Industry, 521.

Hogben, Dr, Queen’s Hospital, Birmingham, 144, 458–60.

Hoists, 218–22.

Holder, or clamp (flax machine), 693.

Holland, inspectorate in, 47;

employment of women after childbirth in, 54;

use of white phosphorus limited in, 60;

manufacture of phosphorus matches prohibited in, 421.

Holland, Andrew, Board of Trade, Ottawa, 501.

Hollow ware, tinning and enamelling of, 319;

new method of making glass, 807;

Special Rules for, 848, 863.

Home-work, 98–103;

not controlled by factory legislation, 99;

its effect upon wages, 103.

Hong Kong, the Happy Valley in, 170.

Hop-pickers, subject to ophthalmia, 783.

Hope, Dr, Liverpool, 85.

Hopwood, F. J. S., Assist. Sec. Rly. Dept., Board of Trade, 198.

Horgen, Switzerland, death from electricity at, 253.

Horn-workers, liable to anthrax, 244.

Horsehair, and anthrax, 621–33.

Horsekeepers, subject to influenza, 244;

to horsepox or “grease,” 245.

Horsepox or “grease,” 245, 246.

Horses, 238–45;

and anthrax, 624.

Hounslow, gunpowder explosion at, 609.

House painters, and white lead, 292, 293;

and plumbism, 333–36.

Huber and Röhl, Ueber acute u. chron. Intoxdurch Nitrokorp d. Benzolreihe, 484.

Huddersfield, lyddite explosion at, 609, 612;

woollen cloth industry at, 634.

Hughes, his use of caissons at Rochester Bridge, 731.

Huguenots, linen industry revived in North of Ireland by, 691.

Hundt, Bergassessor, Die Bekampfung der Wurmkrankheit im Oberbergamtsbezirke Dortmund, 537.

Hunter, Dr, 81.

Hunter, Dr James, Edinburgh, 731.

Huntington and M’Millan, Metals, 287.

Huntley, Mr, Engineer, Redheugh Bridge, Newcastle, 728, 733.

Huskisson, 190.

Hyatt, discoverer of celluloid, 792.

Hydatid cyst, in shepherds, 248.

Hydrochloric acid, 570, 571.

Hydro-extractor, for removing excess of spirit in benzine, 491;

adapted to laundry work, 665.

Hydrogen sulphide, 611.

Hydrogen, sulphuretted, 555, 582.

Hydrophobia, 242–44.

Hygiene, industrial, how to promote, 22, 23.

Hygiene Committee, France, 294.

Hygiene Congress at Turin, 288.

Hygiene Council of Paris, 311.

Hygrometer, in cotton spinning works, 709.

Hyperæsthesia, a feature in chronic poisoning by dinitrobenzine, 480.

Idiopathic tetany, or shoemakers’ spasm, 822.

Idria (Illyria), cinnabar mines at, 438, 538.

Imperial Health Office, Germany, 320, 325.

Incandescent electric lamps, manufacture of, 439.

India, 171, 175;

lathyrism in, 235;

its export of jute, 651;

jute mills in, 662.

Indiarubber works, 471;

vulcanisation process in, 471;

bisulphide of carbon, 768.

Industrial Code, 46, 50.

Industrial Councils existing on Continent—suggested formation in England of, 23.

Industrial disease, various definitions of, 14, 15;

notification of, 22.

Industrial districts, 120.

Industrial hygiene, how to promote, 22, 23.

Industrial injury, scientific protection of works against, 28.

Industrial methods, more scientifically studied on Continent, 6.

Industrial Occupation, a process of evolution, 1, 21.

Industrial Revolution, an epoch in the world’s history, 2.

Industries, classification of, 123.

Infant mortality and factory labour, 73–89;

in Dundee, 662.

Inflammable or spirit paints, use of, 494–96.

Influenza, in tailors and drapers, 154;

ironstone miners, 161;

occupied and unoccupied men, 164;

horses, 244.

Injurious industries, historical sketch of legislation for, 24–43;

scientific protection of workers, 28;

their regulation in chief countries of Europe, 44–62;

principles of prospective legislation for, 63–72;

Special Rules for, 59, 827–64.

Innkeepers, mortality of, 801.

Insanity, in lead-workers, 308, 309.

Inspection, rules of factory, 47.

Inspectorate of factories, organised by Act of 1844, 31.

Inspectors, women appointed (1893) as, 41.

Insured children, higher death rate of, 80.

Intake roads (mines), 540.

International, competition, 6;

committees suggested for industrial hygiene, 23.

International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, 630.

Intestinal anthrax, 641.

Iodoform manufacture, its effect on eyes, 769.

Ireland, lucifer match works in, 419;

linen trade in, 691.

Irish Carragheen Moss, 695.

Iron and steel industries, 756–60.

Iron hollow ware, tinning and enamelling of, Special Rules, 848.

Iron plates, enamelling of, 317.

Iron pyrites, oxidation produces black-damp, 541–43.

Iron-workers, death rate, 140;

eye diseases of, 771–75;

eye accidents of, 776–83.

Ironers, in laundries, 670.

Ironstone miners, included (Act of 1860) under head of coal miners, 34, 524;

death rate, 160.

Iselle, the Italian side of Simplon Tunnel, 740–42.

Italian miners, diseases of, 16;

accidents to, 520.

Italy, pellagra (malattia della miseria) in, 235;

experiments in non-poisonous matches, 431.

Jacquemart, Dr, Paris, 794.

Jahrbuch für das Berg- Hütten- und Salinen-wesen im Preussischen Staate, 518.

Jam-making, 678;

its risks, 679.

James of Hereford, Lord, 199, 201, 202, 363–65.

Jaundice, in military balloonists, 750.

Jenner, Sir William, 178.

Jews, as glass-makers in Rome, 804.

Jockeys, popliteal aneurism in, 245.

Joiners, 790.

Johnson, Henry J., 363, 365.

Jones, Chester, 363.

Jones, Dr Lewis, 258, 263, 315.

Jones, Dr Robert, Claybury Asylum, Essex, 308.

Journal of Morphology, 109.

Journal of Pathology, 544.

Journal of Physiology, 484, 550.

Journal of the Sanitary Institute, 396.

Jungfleish, Dangers du sécretage des poils par le mercure, 442.

Jussieu, Antoine de, 434.

Jute, dust caused by, 276;

preparation of the fibre, 651;

process of manufacture, 652;

health conditions in factories, 654;

analyses of air in factories, 657;

tetanus produced by, 659;

mill fever, 661.

Kaffre, Azzyat Bridge (Nile), 731.

Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte, Arbeiten aus dem, 320, 368, 436, 448, 625, 632.

Kaolin, Chinese for porcelain clay, 347, 385.

Kassowitz, Professor, 426.

Keaves, vats for bichromate manufacture, 449.

Kennall Vale, Redruth, gunpowder explosion at, 609.

Kerr, Dr, 91.

Keygi, Professor, 325.

Kidderminster, carpet making at, 635.

Kidney disease, and plumbism, 15;

in tanners, 801;

chimney sweeps, 808.

Kieselguhr dynamite, 612.

Kirving, undercutting coal, 527, 534.

Kitasato, Professor, bacilli of tetanus first isolated by, 241.

Knackers, glanders in, 238;

anthrax, 244.

Knapp’s Archives of Ophthalmology, 773.

Knappschafts-Berufsgenossenschaft für das Deutsche Reich, Statistik der, 512.

Knappschafts-Berufsgenossenschaft, Berichte über die Verwaltung der, 517.

Knecht, E., Manual of Dyeing, 447.

Knies, Professor, 770.

Knight, Robert, Secretary Boilermaker’s Society, 753.

Knowles “Improved Safety Hoist,” 219, 231.

Koch, Dr, and the anthrax bacillus, 623;

on the identity of human and bovine tuberculosis, 797.

Kocher, Dr, Berne, 425, 426.

Krupp ball system, in steel works, 390.

Kubler, Dr, 625.

Kuborn, Dr, Serang, 16.

Kuiper, Dr, Jena, 426.

Kummerbund, the, 174.

Kunkel, A. J., Handbuch der Toxikologie, 437.

Kussmaul, Adolf, Untersuchungen über dem constitutionellen Mercurialismus, 435, 437, 438.

Kyphosis, or stooping gait, in field workers, 233.

Labellers, aerated water, 687;

eye accidents to, 786.

Label-lickers in thread mills, death rate, 803.

Labour Gazette, 362.

Labour Leader, 449.

Labour, Ministry of, needed in England, 23.

Labour, Royal Commission on, 41, 186.

Labourers, agricultural, 135, 232–37;

working classes divided into artisans and, 111;

accident death rate of general, 530;

railway, risk of tuberculosis, 797.

Labouring Population, Report (1838) on Sanitary Condition of the, 45.

Lady Assistant Commissioners, Report (1893) of, 74, 83.

La Hague, plumbism in electric accumulator works at, 320.

Lailler, Hygiène des Professions et des Industries, 422.

Lamb’s wool, 634.

Lampblack factories, 812.

Lancashire, infant mortality in, 75;

wages of male and female workers, 88;

child labour in, 92;

mines, 158, 160;

mortality of cotton operatives, 719, 720;

tobacco workers in, 795;

plate glass manufacture in, 804.

Lancet, 110, 448, 475, 478, 487, 635, 808.

Lapping, of cutlery, 412.

Lathyrism, caused by chick-pea, 235.

Laundresses, pulmonary consumption in, 669.

Laundries, 42, 663–72;

machinery in, 665, 666;

factory v. home industry, 667;

health of workers in, 669–72.

Laurie, A. P., 8, 354.

Lawrence, Dr, 623.

Layet, Professor, on minium, 288.

Lazarus, surgeon-dentist, 474.

Lead and its compounds, 282–372;

its use in potteries, 346–65.

Lead in the Manufacture of Pottery, Report on the Use of, 357.

Lead dust, 275.

Lead factories, blue and white beds in, 289.

Lead foil makers, plumbism in, 370.

Lead insanity, see encephalopathy.

Lead mining, 25;

and the health and surroundings of the miners, 282–86;

plumbism almost unknown in, 538.

Lead oxide, 287.

Lead poisoning, see plumbism.

Lead smelting works, 42;

and plumbism, 286;

Special Rules for, 848.

Lead workers, death rate, 135, 141, 594, 595;

high mortality of their children, 303;

encephalopathy in, 307;

their clothes, 369;

Special Rules for, 829, 846, 847.

Leadless glaze, for pottery, 360, 361, 363.

Leathart, Mr, of Newcastle, 313.

Leather Trades Circular and Review, 633.

Le Blanc process, for manufacture of hydrochloric and sulphuric acids, carbonate of soda, caustic soda, and bleaching powder, 569–84.

Lee, Professor, 769.

Leeds, woollen cloth manufacture in, 634.

Lefebre, Dr, 270.

Lefevre, Dr, Brest, 335.

Legge, Dr T. Morison, Medical Inspector of Factories, 297, 300, 319, 320, 338, 352, 363, 372, 400, 590, 624, 627, 632, 659.

Legislation for dangerous trades, historical sketch of its development, 24–43;

for mines, 33;

principles of prospective, 63–72.

see also factory legislation.

Leicester, hosiery manufacture in, 635.

Leipzig, anthrax in, 625.

Leloir, Dr, 270.

Lémaistre, Dr, 386.

Lepine, Dr, 734.

Letterpress Printing Works (Germany), 61.

Levy, Dr, 109.

Lewis, Mr, Factory Inspector, Swansea district, 467.

Lewis, Professor Vivian, 504, 819.

Licensed victuallers, death rate, 800.

Liège, anchylostomiasis at, 537.

Lightermen, accident death rate, 530.

Lighting of factories, 51.

Lignite mines (Germany), accidents in, 513–15, 518.

Lime, burns caused by, 785.

Lime dressers, 578.

Limes, use of, 175.

Limestone quarries, 498, 558 562.

Limoges, and plumbism from transfer making, 366, 367;

and its porcelain, 385;

phthisis in works at, 386, 387.

Linen and flax, 691–701;

process of manufacture, 693;

bleaching, 695.

Linen and Hempen Manufacture of Ireland (1711), 692.

Linen rags, 644.

Linotyping and plumbism, 331, 332.

Liquor traffic, death rate in, 801.

Litharge, 287.

Litho-transfer works, 365–67.

Little Bolton, 76.

Littlejohn, Dr Harvey, 343, 345.

Liver diseases, in cutlers, 138;

stone quarriers, 141;

musicians, 151;

hairdressers, tailors, 153, 154;

drapers, 154;

miners, 157, 161;

occupied and unoccupied males, 164, 720;

soldiers, 174;

sailors, 183;

publicans, 802.

Llewellyn, Mr, 363.

Lloyd, Dr J. H., Occupation Diseases, 442.

Lockerby & Wilson, 501.

Lockjaw, or tetanus, 240–42;

its micro-organism, 241.

Locksmiths, death rate, 135, 755.

Locomotor ataxia, 802.

Loewenthal, R., Manual of Dyeing, 447.

Logements Insalubres (Paris), Commission des, 293.

Loire River, 730.

Lombardy, anchylostomiasis endemic in, 743.

London, outbreak of anthrax in, 625.

London and North Western Railway Insurance Society for Drivers and Firemen, 796.

London Society of Compositors, 328;

Mortality Tables of, 330.

Londonderry, Lord, 27.

Longmore’s guard, 228.

Longton potteries, 346.

Looms, 225.

Lorinser, of Vienna, 421.

Louis, Henry, translator of Schmeisser’s Goldfields of Australia, 509.

Louis, Professor, Coal Mining, 11, 282.

Lucifer Match Factories, Commission on, 417.

Lucifer match works, 35, 36, 43;

fragility of bones of employés in, 425;

Special Rules for, 859.

Lucifer matches, containing lead, 371;

and phosphorus, 417–33;

safety and strike-anywhere, 419, 421, 422.

Ludlow, Harvey, 623.

Lumbago, in field workers, 232;

jam-makers, 680.

Lunacy, in field workers, 234;

lead-workers, 308, 309.

Lung disease due to dust (pneumoconiosis), 271;

in cotton operatives, 721;

brewers, 801.

Lyddite (picric acid, trinitrophenol), 599, 600, 609–11, 619.

Macaulay, Lord, 27.

MacCormac, Bart., Sir William, 699.

McDowall, Dr, Northumberland County Asylum, 799.

M’Keown, Dr W. A., Treatise on Unripe Cataract, 502.

M’Kinlay, Dr, 770.

M’Laren, B., Preventible Colliery Accidents, 516.

MacMunn, Dr, Wolverhampton, 484, 766.

Machine-makers, death rate, 755.

Machine tools, 212.

Machinery, its effect on workers, 116;

safe-guarding of, 203–31;

prime movers, 205–208;

means of stopping, 212;

accidents in agricultural, 236.

Machines, planing, 229.

Madrid, cigar factories in, 794.

Magitot, Dr, Paris, 424.

Magnus, Professor, 776.

Maize, 235.

Mal chimique, phosphorus necrosis, 418.

Mal de montagnes, 749.

Malakoff, Professor, 775.

Malaria, an old theory about, 174;

and soldiers, 177, 180;

sailors, 183;

caused by mosquitoes, 180, 186.

Maljean, Dr, 750.

Malt liquor, the London dock labourers and, 114.

Manchester, indiarubber works in, 470.

Manchester warehousemen, death rate, 154.

Manganese mud, 574, 575.

Mann, Dixon, Forensic Medicine, 477, 482.

Manson, Professor, on beriberi, 187.

Manufacturers, their right of arbitration, 5;

Special Rules for, 35, 827–64.

Marble quarries, 559.

Marie, Dr, 481.

Marine Service, health in the, 182–89.

Marl quarries, 558.

Marsh’s apparatus, 381.

Masons, death rate, 135;

phthisis, etc., in, 273, 274;

eye accidents to, 784, 785.

Massachusetts, anthrax in, 625.

Massicot, 287.

Match industry, and phosphorus necrosis, 20, 418–28.

Match Manufacturers Arbitration, 422.

Matches, safety and strike-anywhere, 419, 421, 422.

Maternity v. factory labour, 77, 82;

field work and, 81.

Mather & Platt (Salford), on work before breakfast, 8.

Matin, le, 257.

Mattress-makers, liable to anthrax, 244;

their diseases, 789, 790.

Maxwell, Sir John Stirling, 14.

May, S. W., Factory Inspector, 354.

Mayence, glazed ware at, 807.

Meachem, F. G., 543.

Meakin, G. E., 363.

Medical Chronicle, 479.

Medical Department of the Privy Council, inquiries between 1859 and 1872 conducted by, 76.

Medical Society of London, 378, 379.

Melbourne Argus, 257.

Melier, Dr, 793.

Mercantile Marine, 182;

cooks in, 189;

accident death rate, 530.

Merchant Shipping Act, 182, 189.

Mercurial compounds, preparation of, 442.

Mercurial poisoning, 19, 22, 26;

industries liable to, 435–41;

mode of causation, 436;

symptoms of, 437;

preventive measures, 444;

in mines, 538.

Mercury, and its salts, dangers in use of, 434–46.

Mercury, fulminate of, 559, 602, 603, 620.

Merganthaler linotype machine, 331.

Metadinitrobenzine, 475.

Metal hollow ware, Special Rules for tinning and enamelling of, 863.

Metallic dust, 273.

Metalliferous mines, regulation of, 38, 528;

accidents in German, 513–15, 518;

more unhealthy than coal, 534.

Metalliferous Mines (Isle of Man) Act (1891), 564.

Metalliferous Mines Regulation Acts (1872 and 1875), 564.

Metallochrome powder, 365.

Metallurgical industry, causes of its decline in England, 5.

Meters, electrical, 440.

Methæmoglobin, 484.

Methane, fire-damp in mines, 546.

Metropolitan Meat Market, 245.

Metropolitan District Railway, air of the, 744.

Metz, cases of anthrax at, 625.

Meyhöfer, Dr, 806.

Middlesborough, North Eastern Steel Works, 390–94.

Midland Medical Association, 466.

Migerka, Dr, Staubarten in Wort und Bild, 274.

Military balloonists, 750.

Military explosives, 619.

Milkers’ spasm, 821.

Mill fever, in jute workers, 661;

doffers, 699.

Mill-gearing and belts, 205, 208–11;

shaftings, pulleys, couplings, etc., 209.

Millers, death rate, 505.

Millstone building, buhrstone used for, 405, 407;

health of masons, 405, 406;

eye accidents to, 784.

Millwrights, death rate, 755.

Miners, accidents to, 11;

death rate, 156;

subject to phthisis, bronchitis, pneumonia, 273, 535;

nystagmus, 534;

eye accidents to, 776.

Miners, lead, their health and surroundings, 282–86.

Miners’ Permanent Benefit Relief Fund, 11, 531, 776 (Germany), 512–18.

Miners’ Central Association, 531, 532.

Mines, explosions and explosives in, 26, 615–18;

Acts, 28, 40;

premature death in, 30;

no protective legislation till 1842, 31;

inquests not held on accidental deaths, ibid.;

legislation since 1860 for, 33, 37;

the air of, 540–56.

Mines and Manufactures, Report of Commission (1843) on, 35.

Mines Legislation in Germany, France, and Belgium, Mr Tremenheere’s Special Reports on, 28.

Mining, 508–39.

Mining districts, 120.

Mining, Royal Commission (1841) on, 31.

Ministére de l’Industrie et du Travail, Brussels, 698.

Ministry of Labour needed in England, 23.

Minium, 287.

Miram, M., experiments in matches, 430.

Mirror-silvering, 435, 437, 440.

Mixers, in dinitrobenzol manufacture, 765.

Mixing and casting of brass and other alloys, Special Rules for, 464.

Mohair, 634.

Molten metal, and eye accidents, 781.

Monmouthshire, mines in, 158–60;

tinplate works in, 681.

Mononitrobenzine, 475, 483.

Mononitrotoluene, 476.

Mont Cenis Tunnel, 737.

Montfils, Dr, 623.

Morgan’s “Patent Safety Catch,” 221, 231.

Morse instrument (telegraphy), 819.

Mortality, of occupations, 118–33;

tables of, in dust-producing occupations, 135, 142, 274, 275;

in unhealthy occupations, 149;

occupied and unoccupied men, 162;

in sailing- and steam-ships, 184, 188;

in railwaymen, 200;

from plumbism, 298, 351;

from mining accidents, 513–32 passim;

in different and certain occupations, 594, 595;

from manufacture and use of explosives, 603, 605;

chief explosions in England, 608, 609;

explosions in coal mines, 617, 618;

in cotton operatives, 718–21;

in boilermakers and iron shipbuilders, 754.

Morveau, Guyton de, 293.

Mosquitoes, and malaria, 180, 186.

Mosso, Professor, Turin University, 105.

Motais, Dr, Paris, 327.

Motes in the eye, from steel-grinding, 777.

Mother-of-pearl grinding causes phthisis, 276.

Mothers in factories, employment of, 73 et seq.

Motor cars, manufacture of, and plumbism, 322.

Moulton, Fletcher, 363.

Mountain climbers, and diminished atmospheric pressure, 749.

Moxon, Professor, 747.

Mules, self-acting, 223–25;

in cotton spinning, 703.

Mungo rags, 644.

Murray, Dr William, Birmingham, Chronic Brass Poisoning, 466.

Muscarin, poisonous constituent in mushroom-poisoning, 237.

Muscular system, effect of dinitrobenzine poison on, 479.

Muscular work, means for measuring, 105.

Mushroom-poisoning, and field-workers, 237.

Musicians, death rate, 151.

Myrbane (nitro- and dinitrobenzine), 591.

Nail and chain making, 758.

Nail diseases in furriers, 270.

Naphtha, in indiarubber works, 470;

in dry cleaning works, 491.

Naphthalene, 475.

Napias, M. le Docteur, 57.

Nasal septum ulceration, caused by bichromes, 451.

Nature, 252.

Navy, health of the, 184.

Naxos, Island of, emery stone quarries in, 813.

Necrosis, see phosphorus necrosis.

Needle-grinding, dust from, 276.

Nervous diseases, in potters, etc., 136;

cutlers, file-cutters, 138, 595;

glass-makers, 139, 595;

iron-workers, 141;

lead-workers, 143, 595;

brass-workers, 145;

wool-workers, 148;

printers, musicians, 151;

tailors, drapers, 154;

miners, 158, 161, 162;

occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 595, 720;

due to dinitrobenzine, 480, 481;

copper-workers, carpenters, earthenware makers, 595;

agriculturists, cotton operatives, 720;

blacksmiths, 757.

Neuritis, peripheral, in indiarubber workers, 472.

Neurosis, occupation or fatigue, 764, 815.

New Almaden mines, California, 538.

New Australian Electric Light Co. (Richmond), 257.

New South Wales, eight hours’ day in, 8.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, cases of plumbism at, 297–300;

fireclay, 399, 400;

copper-smelting at, 466.

Newcastle Asylum at Cox Lodge, 799.

Newcastle City Asylum, 800.

Newcastle Royal Infirmary, 298, 312, 336, 360, 732, 793, 799, 806, 808, 823.

Newett, Dr, Ligoneill, 695.

Newlands, Archibald, Factory Inspector, 814.

Niagara Falls, 498.

Nieden, Dr, 482, 764.

Nitrate, of mercury, 446;

of silver, 441;

of soda, 581.

Nitrate mixtures, 446;

as explosives, 602.

Nitric acid, 442, 581.

Nitric peroxide, 555, 556.

Nitric oxide, 556.

Nitro-benzine, 591.

Nitro-cellulose, 600, 603, 614, 619.

Nitro-compounds, 483, 602.

Nitro-cotton, 600, 614.

Nitro-glycerine, 555, 600, 612;

explosives, 536, 603, 605;

physiological effects of, 613.

Nitro-powders, 599.

Nitrogen, and black-damp, 542, 543;

and after-damp, 549.

Nitrous fumes, 581.

Nobel, Alfred, discovers blasting gelatine, 600, 614.

Noble, 611.

Non-textile industries, accidents in, 12;

machinery in, 227–30.

North Eastern Steel Works, Middlesborough, 390.

Northamptonshire mines, 158–61.

Northumberland County Asylum, 799.

Northumberland and Durham Miners’ Permanent Relief Fund, 11, 532.

Northumberland Miners’ Mutual Confident Association, 9.

Northumberland mines, 158–61.

Norway, phosphorus necrosis in, 421.

Norwich, effect of electric shock on dogs at, 256.

Nottingham, annual meeting of British Medical Association at (1892), 87.

Nottinghamshire mines, 158–60.

Novgorod, Russia, anthrax at, 625.

Nuisance Removal Act, 29.

Nuremberg, mirror-silvering at, 435.

Nurserymen, mortality of, 129.

Nystagmus, miners’, 534, 761–64.

Oakeshott, Miss Grace, 795.

Occupation disease, its causation, 15, 16;

difficulty of recognising, 17;

dust as a cause of, 267–77;

due to excessively repeated muscular actions, 815–25.

Occupations, mortality of, 118–33.

Occupied and unoccupied men, mortality of, 162, 594, 595, 719, 720.

Ocean Accident Insurance Co., 21.

Œdematous anthrax, 636.

Official Miners’ Permanent Relief Fund of the German Empire, 512–18.

Ogle, Dr, 120, 125, 128, 136, 137, 152, 535, 755, 800, 809.

Oil engines, 206;

safety starting-gear for, 208.

Oligocythemia, 484.

Oliver, a sledge hammer, 759.

Oliver, Prof. Thomas, on death from electric shock, 258;

Lead Poisoning (Gulstonian Lectures), 304;

on Allbutt’s System of Medicine, 309, 477;

his Report on Lead Compounds in Pottery, 351;

Acetylene, the New Illuminant, etc., 502.

Olten, death from electric shock at, 253.

Omdurman, effect of lyddite shells at, 600.

Onimus, Dr (France), on telegraphists’ spasm—mal télégraphique, 819.

Openers, tinplate works, 681.

Ophthalmia, in flax workers, 698;

hop pickers, 783;

confectioners, 798.

Ophthalmic Society of the United Kingdom, Transactions of, 770.

Opiates, administered to infants, 78–80.

Opium, used in fen districts for ague, 234.

Oram, R. E. Sprague, Factory Inspector, 462.

Orange lead works, Special Rules for, 846.

Orthonitrobenzine, 475.

Osborn, Mr, Factory Inspector, 705, 716.

Osteo-arthritis, in field-workers, 232;

quarriers, 564.

Osteomyelitis, 276.

Ostlers, subject to glanders and farcy, 238.

Ottawa, fire at Dominion Carbide Works, 501.

Overwork, on railways, 193.

Oxidation of iron pyrites causes black-damp, 541–43.

Oxide, lead, 287;

of cobalt, 348.

Oxygen, and black-damp, 541–45;

and fire-damp, 547;

in explosives, 610.

Oxyhæmoglobin, 484.

Paardeberg, 178;

lyddite fumes at, 611.

Pagliani, Professor, 112, 739.

Paint, manufacture of white, 313, 447;

and colour factories, Special Rules for, 831.

Painters, and lead colic, 17;

lead insanity in, 308;

and plumbism, 333–38, 770;

washing of their clothes, 369;

eye troubles due to arsenic, 770.

Paints, use of inflammable or spirit, 494–96.

Palmar fascia, contraction of the (among gardeners), 233, 237.

Pantin-Aubervilliers, France, match works at, 421, 429–32;

plumbism at, 429.

Paperhangers, eye troubles due to arsenic, 770.

Paper makers, 644.

Paraffin, cancer among workers in, 812.

Paralysis, in file-cutters, 343;

electric treatment of, 374;

treatment of divers’, 746, 748.

Paranitrobenzine, 475.

Paris, lead poisoning in, 311, 333, 334;

tobacco factories in, 794.

Parkes and Kenwood, Hygiene and Public Health, 379.

Parsons, Dr, 647.

Pasteur, his treatment of hydrophobia, 243;

of anthrax, 623;

on disease-carrying germs, 797.

Pasteur-Chamberland bacterial filter, 175.

Paterson, Miss, Factory Inspector, 302.

Pathology and physiology of work and fatigue, 104–17.

Pattinson process for desilvering lead ore, 287.

Paul, M. Constantin, 302.

Peacock, Dr, 382.

Pearson v. Belgian Mills Company, 213.

Peel, Sir Robert, 191.

Pellagra (malattia della miseria), due to bad maize, 235.

Pembrey, Llanelly, dynamite explosion at, 608.

Pennsylvania, anthrax caused by tannery refuse in, 624.

Pens, and writers’ palsy, 815, 818, 819.

Percy, Dr, Fuel, 396.

Peripheral neuritis, caused by bisulphide of carbon in indiarubber works, 472;

by dinitrobenzine, 486.

Perron, M., of Besançon, 468.

Perroncito, Professor, Turin, 743.

Persulphocyanic acid, 431.

Petroleum Acts (1871–1881), 499.

Phenylene-diamine, 483.

Philatelists, danger of stamp-licking, 804.

Philip, Dr, Edinburgh, 473.

Philosophical Transactions (1665), 434.

Phosphorus, its use limited in Switzerland, Holland, and Belgium, 60;

and lucifer matches, 417–33, 592.

Phosphorus necrosis (“phossy jaw,” mal chimique), 14, 16, 18–20, 22, 418, 420, 421, 424;

its cause and prevention, 426–428;

its treatment, 433.

Phossy-jaw, see phosphorus necrosis.

Photography, use of bichromes in, 448.

Phthisis, potters’, 15, 135, 136;

its incidence, 131, 132;

in dusty occupations, 135;

earthenware makers, 135, 595;

cotton operatives, 135, 720, 721;

locksmiths, bakers, 135, 505;

blacksmiths, 135, 505, 757;

coopers, wood-turners, rope-makers, bricklayers, masons, carpet manufacturers, tin-workers, 135;

cutlers, 135, 137, 595;

file-cutters, 135, 139, 342, 595;

glass-makers, 135, 595, 805;

copper-workers, 135, 140, 595;

gunsmiths, 135, 145;

zinc, iron, and steel workers, 135, 141;

stone quarriers, 135, 143, 562;

lead-workers, 135, 143, 595;

brass-workers, 135, 145;

chimney sweeps, 135, 146;

wool-workers, 135, 148;

agriculturists, 135, 234, 720;

textile workers, 147;

in certain unhealthy occupations, 149;

bookbinders, 150, 151;

printers, 150, 151, 275;

hatters, 152;

tailors, 154;

drapers, shoemakers, 155;

miners, 157, 159, 161, 162, 535;

in occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 595, 720;

soldiers, 168;

sailors, 183;

gardeners, 237;

can be caused by dust, 272;

in porcelain and cement makers, masons, 274;

typographers, 275, 329, 330;

mother-of-pearl grinders, 276;

Durham lead miners, 284;

at Limoges potteries, 386;

indiarubber makers, 473;

millers, 505;

brewers, 595, 801;

carpenters, chemical and flax workers, 595;

laundresses, 669;

boilermakers and shipbuilders, 754;

upholsterers, 789;

railwaymen, 796;

publicans, 801;

coal heavers and trimmers, 808.

Physiology and pathology of work and fatigue, 104–17.

Physique of working classes, 7.

Pianoforte-players’ cramp, 821.

Picklers, in tinplate works, 682;

women as assistant, 684.

Picric acid, see lyddite.

Pidoux, Dr, 327.

Piecing, of flax, 693.

Piedmont, anchylostomiasis endemic in, 743.

Pig-keepers, 249.

Pigments, manufacture of, 566.

Placers in potteries, 383.

Plague, seamen subject to, 183.

Planing machines, 229.

Plasterers, anthrax in, 244;

eye accidents from lime to, 785.

Plate-glass factories in England, 804.

Platelayers, 195.

Plate wheels, 218.

Playfair, Lord, 80.

Pleurisy, in field-workers, 234;

steel grinders, 410.

Pliny, Natural History, 63;

“diseases of slaves,” 25.

“Plug and feather” method of using explosives in quarries, 559.

Plumbers, and white lead, 292;

lead insanity, 308;

plumbism, 333, 770.

Plumbism, 14, 16–19, 21, 22, 26;

colic and kidney disease due to, 15;

in potteries, 57, 58, 136, 351, 353, 360–62;

among cutlers, 137, 595;

file-cutters, 138, 341–43, 595, 770;

glaziers, 142;

lead-workers, 142, 595;

painters, 142, 770;

occupied and unoccupied males, 164, 595, 720;

operatives in electric works (including motor cars and tramways), 259, 320, 322, 323;

lead smelting works, 286;

white lead works, 295–300;

mortality tables, 297, 298, 371;

and pregnancy, 301;

its symptoms, 304;

and alcoholism, 305, 310;

encephalopathy (lead insanity), 307–309;

preventive and curative treatment of, 310–15;

in Paris, 311;

due to soldering, 323;

among typographers, 324–32;

plumbers, 333, 770;

house painters, 333–37;

coach painters, 337;

glass-workers, 339, 595;

earthenware makers, 360, 595;

in chromo-lithograph and transfer making, 366;

tile-making, 368;

produced by washing lead-workers’ and painters’ clothes, 369;

lead foil makers, shoe-finishers, 370;

electric treatment of, 373–77;

in mirror-silvering works, 441;

among chemical workers, 595;

its effect on the eyes, 770.

Pommata, Dr, Brigue, 741, 743.

Pneumatic chipper in steel works, 781, 783.

Pneumoconiosis, lung disease caused by dust, 268, 271;

in quarriers, 563.

Pneumonia, in field-workers, 234;

masons, porcelain and cement makers, 274;

typographers, 329, 330;

steel grinders, 410;

millers, bakers, 505;

miners, 535;

jute workers, 660;

agriculturists, cotton operatives, 720;

boiler makers and shipbuilders, 754;

engine drivers and firemen, 797;

glass-makers, 805.

Poikilocytosis, 484.

Poincaré, Dr, 794.

Poisoning by dinitrobenzine, 477–86;

acute, 477;

subacute, 478;

chronic, 479;

precautions against, 487;

treatment of, 489.

Poisonous substances, control of their use in manufacture, 42.

Poisons Industriels, Paris, 284, 302, 360, 794.

Poisson, Dr, 794.

Pol and Watelle, MM., on effects of compressed air at Douchy mine, 730.

Polishing of cutlery, 412.

Pollender, Professor, on the anthrax bacillus, 623.

Ponteau, M., experiments in matches, 430.

Pontypool, first tinplate works at, 681.

Poole, Dorset, fireclay working at, 400.

Poore, Vivian, 819.

Pope, Dr Walter, 26, 434.

Porcelain, diseases of workers, 274;

three kinds of, 349;

stoves, 367.

Porphyry quarries, 558.

Porter, Dr, 343.

Potassium and sodium bichromate, lesions resulting from manufacture and uses of, 447–54.

Potassium chlorate, 419.

Potassium, cyanide of, in glazed ware, 807.

Pott, Percivall, 237.

“Potteries,” the, 346.

Potters, phthisis of, 15, 389;

death rate, 135.

Pottery manufacture, 4, 21, 25;

use of lead in, 346–65.

Pottery Arbitration at Stoke-on-Trent, 21.

Pouce, flax dust, 697.

Power presses, 229, 230.

Precipitation process in white lead works, 291.

Pregnancy, and lead poisoning, 301;

and tobacco, 794.

Prendergast, Dr Hanley, 384, 388.

Preservation of Health and Morals of Apprentices Act (1802), 827.

Prevost, Dr, Geneva University, 258.

Priest and Ashmore, opticians, Sheffield, 782.

Priestley, Dr, 280.

Prime movers, 205.

Printers, death rate, 150;

and lead dust, 275;

colic, 324;

their cats suffer from plumbism, 327;

subject to phthisis, 328–30;

and to plumbism, 324–32.

Pröbsting, Dr, oculist, Cologne, 806.

Prospector, mining, 509, 510.

Protection necessary in factories, 64;

Protection of Infant Life, Select Committee (1871) on, 79.

Protective legislation and Factory Acts, 32.

Proust, Dr, 322.

Pruritus (itchiness), 270.

Prussian Official Miners’ Relief Fund, 533.

Public Health Acts, 22, 29, 565.

Public Health Journal, 497.

Public Health Engineer, 504.

Publicans, death rate, 800.

Puddling furnacemen subject to heart disease, 756.

Pulleys, for mill-gearing, 209, 210;

loose, 217.

Pulling room, for transformation of rabbit skins, 724.

Pulmonary anthracosis, in stokers, 797.

Pulmonary anthrax, “wool-sorter’s disease,” 637.

Pulmonary diseases, in china and earthenware makers, 382–89;

blast furnacemen, 756;

blacksmiths, 757;

dressmakers, 805;

chimney sweeps, 808.

Purdon, Dr C. P., 270, 695, 697.

Putty powder, frequent cause of plumbism, 339.

Pyroxiline, 792.

Quarriers, diseases of, 135, 143, 561–64;

accidents, 560, 561;

eye accidents, 784.

Quarries, 557–67.

Quarries Act (1894), 42, 557, 564.

Quarry Fencing Act, 565.

Quicksilver, mining of, 25, 434;

extraction from cinnabar, 438.

Rabbit down and skins, 724–27.

“Racing the stone,” in wet-grinding, 412.

Rag-grinding, 645.

Rag-cleaning, dust from, 276.

Rag-sorters, liable to anthrax, 244;

health of, 645.

Rags and their products in relation to health, 644–47.

Railway Times, 198.

Railways, 190–202;

accidents on, 190 et seq., 530;

Royal Commission (1865) on, 192;

block system and automatic couplings, 193;

overwork on, ibid.;

gases in underground, 744–45;

employés’ risks, 796.

Railways Regulation Act (1871), 193;

(1873), 192.

Rainhill, file-cutting at, 340.

Ramazini, Dr, Diseases of Artificers (De morbis artificium diatriba), 24, 267, 434, 789.

Ransome, Dr, 80, 707.

Rasch, Professor, 368.

Rats and sequoia sawdust, 792.

Ravenal, Dr, Pennsylvania, 624.

Rawson, C., Manual of Dyeing, 447.

Raymondaud, Professor, Limoges, 385.

Reachers (cotton-spinning), 703.

Read, Holliday, & Sons, 612.

Read-Holliday Acetylene Company, 497, 501.

Red lead, 287;

Special Rules for manufacture of, 846.

Red, or amorphous phosphorus, 417–19.

Red oxide, 443.

Redgrave, Alexander, Factory Inspector, 29, 36.

Redheugh Bridge, Newcastle, 729, 734.

Redwick Well, Gloucestershire, 545.

Reeling, measuring flax yarn into hanks, 695.

Regent’s Park, gunpowder explosion in, 607, 608.

Reitz, Dr J., Ueber die giftigen Hutmacherbeizen und deren nachtheiligen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit, 435.

Renk, Professor von, 436.

Resin, 619.

Respiratory diseases, see phthisis.

Retting, or steeping pond, for jute, 651.

Return road (mines), 540.

Revue d’Hygiène et de Police Sanitaire, 431, 739.

Rex, Wilton, 363.

Reynolds, Dr, 482.

Rheumatic fever, in cotton operatives, 147, 720;

wool-sorters, 148;

drapers, 154;

brewers, cutlers, carpenters, chemical workers, earthenware and glass makers, 595;

occupied and unoccupied men, 595, 720;

agriculturists, 720.

Rheumatism, in seamen, 183, 186;

field-workers, 232;

quarriers, 564;

jute-workers, 660;

jam-makers, 680;

tinplate workers, 683;

aerated water workers, 689;

blast furnacemen, 756;

sawyers, 791;

drivers of public vehicles, 798.

Riders’ bone, bursæ, sprain, 245.

Ridley, Sir Matthew White, 69, 353.

Ring frame, in cotton-spinning, 703.

Ringworm, in cows, 247.

Ritchie, C. T., 72, 193, 197;

his Railway Bills, 198, 202.

Rivers, Dr, 773.

Riveters, deafness in, 752.

Rivista de Servizio Minerario, 521.

Roads, “intake” and “return” (mines), 540.

Roberts, Sir William, 707.

Robertshaw, Dr, Stockbridge, 400.

Robertson, Dr John, Medical Health Officer, Sheffield, 340.

Robinson, Dr William, Sunderland, 284, 819.

Roburite, 555, 559, 619.

Roburite Company, 615.

Rochester Bridge, 731.

Rodgers, Mr, Factory Inspector, 591.

Rome, Jews as glass makers in, 804.

Romiée, Dr, 764.

Root’s blower, 570.

Rope-makers, death rate, 135.

Roques, Mouvement Médical, 303.

Roscoe, Sir H., 707.

Rose, Dr Frederick, Consul at Stuttgart, Rise, Progress, and Present Condition of the Carbide and Acetylene Industries in Germany, 504.

Rosewood, 792.

Roslin, Edinburgh, gunpowder explosions at, 609.

Ross, Dr, 479.

Roughers, in flax works, 693;

addicted to alcoholism, 697.

Roussel, Professor, 422.

Rove, twisted jute yarn, 653.

Roving frames, cotton spinning, 703.

Roving machines, flax works, 694.

Royal College of Surgeons, 809.

Royal Commission on:—Labour, 74, 83, 186;

Mines (1841), 31;

Railways (1865 and 1899), 192, 198.

Royal Institution, 737, 740.

Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 457.

Royal Society, 118.

Royal Society of England, Transactions of, 26, 27.

Royaume de Belgique—Statistique de Mines, Minières, Carrières, etc., 519.

Russell, Dr, 625.

Russell, Risien, 822.

Russell, Sir James, Edinburgh, 791.

Russia, factory inspectorate in, 49;

ergotism in, 234.

Rye, spurred, 234.

S. S. Powder, 619.

Saccardo system, for ventilating St Gothard Tunnel, 738.

Sack-sewers (jute works), 652.

Safe-guarding of machinery, 203–31.

Safety lamps, in coal mines, 528.

Saggers, vessels in which earthenware is fired, 347, 383.

Sailing vessels, mortality incident in, 184.

Sailors, health of, 182–89;

food and habits of, 183;

diseases due to employment, habits, and climate, 184, 185;

to insanitary conditions and environment, 186;

accident death rate, 530.

St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 237, 245, 809.

St Gothard Tunnel, 738.

St Helens, copper-smelting at, 466;

chemical works at, 571, 579, 582, 584, 596;

plate-glass works at, 804.

St Yriex, near Limoges, kaolin found at, 385.

Salt, electrolysis of, 583.

Salt cake, or sulphate of soda, 570, 573;

hours of work, etc., of makers of, 586.

Salt mines (Cheshire), 508;

accidents in German, 513–15.

Saltash, use of caissons at, 731.

Saltpetre, 600, 611.

Sand quarries, 558.

Sandstone, dust, 274;

quarries, 558.

Sanitary Act, 29, 36.

Sanitary Commissions, 29.

Sanitary Condition of Labouring Population, Report (1838) on, 45.

Sanitary Congress, Newcastle, 808.

Sanitary measures in Factory Act of 1864, 35.

Sanitary State of the People of England (1858), 76.

Saturnine poisoning, see encephalopathy.

Saws, circular, 227.

Sawyers, subject to rheumatism, bronchitis, and asthma, 791.

Saxony, mines, 518;

cancer of lung in smaltite miners, 538;

secret of tinplate making brought from, 681.

Scale tang cutlery, 412, 413.

Scapula’s Lexicon, 232.

Scarlet fever caused by cows’ milk, 247.

Schaefer, Dr H., Die Spiegelberger, 441.

Scheele, Dr, Berlin, 805.

Scheele’s green, 379.

Schmeisser, The Goldfields of Australia, 509.

Schmidt, Dr, 340.

Schölberg, H. A., his chemical analysis of a ganister miner’s lung, 404.

Schonbein, Professor, 419.

Schröter of Vienna, discovers red or amorphous phosphorus, 418.

Schultze powder, 619.

Schutte, Landsberg, & Co., 492.

Schweinfurt or Vienna green, 379.

Schweinitz, Professor de, Toxic Amblyopias, 769, 770.

Sciatica in field-workers, 232.

Scissors-makers, death rate, 137.

Scotch Fishery Board, 674.

Scotland, match works in, 419;

bichrome factories in, 449;

fish-curing a staple industry in, 674.

Scott, Dr Alexander, Glasgow, 796.

Scottish Amicable Life Assurance Society, 801.

Scottish Council for Women’s Trades, 98.

Scouring china, 384.

Screws, set (mill-gearing), 209, 214.

Scriveners’ palsy, or spasm, 815–17.

Scroll- or draw-bands, 225.

Scurvy, in sailors, 183, 187.

Scutch mills, flax, 692, 694, 698.

Seamstresses’ cramp, 821.

Self-acting mules, 223–25.

Septum, ulceration of the nasal, 450–52.

Sequoia wood, effect of its sawdust, 791.

Serpentine quarries, 558.

Servants, domestic, liable to stomach ulceration, 798.

Sesquisulphide of phosphorus, 421, 430–32.

Set-screws (mill-gearing), 209, 214.

Setters, in ganister works, 398.

Severn Tunnel, nitro-glycerine fumes in, 613.

Sewing-machine workers, their ailments, 802.

Seymour, Lord, his Railway Act, 191.

Shaft ends, 217.

Shaftesbury, Lord, 38.

Shafting, for mill-gearing, 209, 210.

Shafts, downcast and upcast (mines), 540.

Shale quarries, 558.

Shanghai hides, 629.

Shears, Professor, 769.

Sheep, and anthrax, 624.

“Sheep dip,” arsenic in, 378.

Sheep’s wool, 634.

Sheet-glass factories, 804.

Sheffield, mother-of-pearl grinding in, 276;

file-cutters, 340;

high mortality in, 344, 345;

snuff, 769.

Sheffield Royal Infirmary, 777, 779, 781.

Shennan, Dr, Edinburgh, 778.

Shepherds and sheep diseases, 244, 247, 248.

Sherwin, J., 363.

Ship painters, 494.

Shipwrights, death rate, 596, 754.

Shoddy, 646.

“Shoddy fever,” in rag-grinders, 645.

Shoe-finishing and staining by lead compounds, plumbism and, 370.

Shoemakers, death rate, 155, 824;

spasm (idiopathic tetany), 822;

instance of chest deformity in, 823.

Shoreditch, cases of anthrax in, 627.

Shunters, railway, a perilous trade, 195–97.

Sicily, effects of fatigue in, 112.

Sick Insurance Fund, Germany, 55, 58.

Sidemoor, nail-making at, 760.

Siderosis, lung disease due to metallic dust, 273.

Siemens-Martin furnace, 756.

Siemens metal, heat of, 772.

Sierra de Gador, lead mines of, 284.

Sieve mills, ganister works, 398.

Sighters of aerated water, 787;

eye accidents to, 786.

Silicate of cotton, 788.

Silicosis, or chalicosis, lung disease due to stone-dust, etc., 273.

Silk-dust, its effect on workers, 26.

Silver and gold extraction, 440.

Silver finishers or burnishers, eye affection, of, 771.

Silvering of mirrors, 440.

Simon, Sir John, Medical Officer to the Privy Council, 24, 26, 29, 76, 77, 81, 84.

Simon, Dr R., 144.

Simplon Tunnel, 739.

Size in cotton, its effects on health, 705, 706;

constituents of, 715.

Skin and hides, Special Rules for dry-salting, 856.

Skin disease due to dust (pneumoconiosis), 268;

in flax workers, 260.

Slag, basic, 276, 390–95.

Slate quarries, 558.

Slaughterers liable to anthrax, 244;

and erysipelas, 245.

Sledge hammer, or Oliver, 759.

Sledging, in ganister crushing, 397.

Slip-makers (pottery), 383.

Slips, in mill-gearing, 225.

Slubbing frames (cotton spinning), 703.

Smallpox, allied to cowpox and horsepox, 247;

caused by rags in papermaking, 644;

upholsterers liable to, 789.

Smaltite, causes lung cancer, 538.

Smelting works (Germany), accidents in, 513–15.

Smith, Dr Andrew, New York, 731, 735.

Smith, Angus, Air and Rain, 543.

Smith, Sir Frederick, Inspector General, Board of Trade, 191.

Smith, Commander Hamilton, 277, 767.

Smith, Lorrain, 544, 550.

Smith, Sidney, Factory Inspector, 591.

Smoke in mines, carbonic acid, its poisonous constituent, 553, 554.

Smyrna, emery rock imported from, 813.

Snaefell colliery accident, 554.

Snell, Dr Simeon, 482, 488, 730.

Snuff, manufacture of, 767.

Social Science Congress (1865), 411.

Society of Arts, 501.

Society of File-Cutters by Hand in Sheffield, 345.

Soda, 581, 583.

Sodium, manufacture of, 447–54;

Special Rules for, 844.

Sodium nitrate, 581.

Soft rags, 644.

Soldering, and plumbism, 323.

Soldiers, diseases of, 166–81;

their barracks, 168;

tight-fitting uniforms abolished, 169;

“irritable heart” and tobacco, ibid.;

night-guard, 170;

life in hot dry climates, 171;

in hot moist climates, 173;

specific diseases of campaigns, 177.

Sommerfeld, Handbuch der Gewerbekrankheiten, 439.

Soot merchants, death rate, 145.

Soot, its effects on the skin, 808;

and cancer, 810.

Soot warts, 810.

South London, fur-pullers in, 726.

South Wales, mines, 158–60;

tinplate works, 681.

Southwark, cases of anthrax in, 627.

Spain, employment of women after childbirth in, 54;

pellagra in, 235.

Spanish lead ore, 283.

Spanton, W. D., 354.

Spear, Mr, Local Government Board, 625, 626, 630–32.

Special Rules, in Germany and England, 55, 59;

France, 57;

and Arbitration, 65–71;

in potteries, 361, 365;

under Factory Acts, 829–64.

Spiegel iron, 758.

Spike nails, 759.

Spindle ends, 217.

Spinners (flax), phthisis among, 696–98.

Spirit or inflammable paints, use of, 494–96.

Splenic fever, see anthrax.

Sporting explosives, 619.

Spragging, in coal mines, 527.

Spur wheels, 216.

Squire, Miss, 442, 671.

Stablemen, subject to glanders and farcy, 238.

Staffordshire, infant mortality in artisan towns of, 73;

wages of male and female workers, 88;

mines in, 158–61;

home of the pottery industry, 346;

earthenware and china makers in, 350, 351.

Stagnant and compressed air, diseases due to working in, 728–48.

“Stamp-lickers’ tongue,” 803.

Stannington clay, 397.

Starch, 619.

Starting-gear for gas and oil engines, 208.

Statistik der Knappschafts-Berufsgenossenschaft für das Deutsche Reich, 512.

Statistique de l’Industrie Minérale en France et en Algerie, 520.

Statisque de Mines, etc., Royaume de Belgique.

Steam engines, 206.

Steam laundries, machinery in, 665.

Steamers, mortality incident in, 184.

Steel and iron industries, 756–60.

Steel-melters’ composition, 400.

Steel-workers, death rate, 135, 140;

eye diseases, 771–75;

eye accidents, 776–83.

Steel works, use of converters in, 757.

Steel grinding, 408–16.

Steel pens, and writers’ palsy, 815, 818, 819.

Steeping or retting pond, for jute, 651;

for flax, 652.

Stephenson, George, 191.

Stephenson, Dr, Medical Health Officer, Blackburn, 706.

Stereotyping, 331.

Stevenson, Dr, 460, 461.

Stive room, in basic slag works, 391.

Stockman, Professor, Glasgow, 426.

Stoke-on-Trent, Pottery Arbitration at, 21, 363;

potteries at, 554.

Stokers, railway, pulmonary anthracosis in, 797.

Stokes, Mr, Report on Whitwick Colliery fire, 554.

Stomach ulceration, domestic servants liable to, 798.

Stone, racing the (wet-grinding), 412.

Stone, workers in (cutters, masons, quarriers, etc.), eye accidents to, 784.

Stone-quarriers, death rate, 135, 143.

Stooping gait (kyphosis), in field-workers, 133.

Stourbridge fireclay, 399, 400.

Strap forks, 217.

Strasburg Bridge, Rhine, 731.

Strassmann and Strecker, 482, 486.

Strick of flax, 693.

Strong’s “Standard Guard” for engine fly-wheels, 207.

Stühler, Dr, Berlin, 325, 333.

Stumpf, Dr, 325.

Subchloride of mercury (calomel), 442, 443.

Suffit, Dr Courtois-, 431.

Sugar and alcohol, as muscular food, 114.

Suicide, in file-cutters, 138;

chimney sweeps, 146;

bookbinders, printers, musicians, 151;

hatters, 152;

drapers, 154, 155;

shoemakers, 155;

ironstone miners, 161;

occupied and unoccupied men, 164;

publicans, 802.

Sulphate of soda, or salt cake, 570, 573.

Sulphide of lead (galena), 348, 538.

Sulphide of mercury (vermilion), 438, 443.

Sulphur, 581, 582.

Sulphur dioxide, 580, 581.

Sulphuretted hydrogen, 555, 582.

Sulphuric acid, 570;

manufacture of, 580.

Sulser-Ziegler, Mr, Director of Brandt, Brandau et Cie., Zurich, 740.

Sunderland, 360.

Sunderland Infirmary, 808.

Sunstroke, 171, 175, 180.

Sutton, H., 363.