INDEX
Reading edition
A
Abandonment, remedies of landlord for, 279
Abatement, definition of, 295
Acceptance
definition of, 15
of draft, 133
Acceptor
of negotiable instruments, 122
rights and liabilities of, 123
Acquisition of personal property, 179
Act of bankruptcy, 35
Act of God as affecting carriers, 225
Ademption, definition of, 295
Administrative law, definition of, 13
Advancement, definition of, 295
Adverse interest, 40
Age, legal, 16, 20
Agencies, irrevocable, 72
Agency
contracts within Statute of Frauds, 41
contracts which must be in writing, 41
definition of, 39
general, 43
purposes for which created, 42
ratification of, 42
special, 43
universal, 43
Agents
apparent authority of, 50
how appointed, 41
authority of, 43
to collect, 52
to warrant, 53
of corporations, 107
definition of, 39
delegation of authority by, 51
distinguished from master and servant, 39
duties of, to principal, 46
general, 43
principal to pay, 44
risks assumed by, 44
secret instructions of, 50
universal, 43
value of services, 44
who may be, 40
Anomalous indorser, 130
Appeal from one court to another, 298
Assessments
of corporations, 104
not included in taxes, 271
Assignment
of contract, 31
of insurance, 167
of lease, 269
notice of, 274
oral, 274
Assignability distinguished from negotiability, 113
Attestation
of deeds, 245
of will, 291
Attornment, definition of, 274
Auctioneer, 55
B
Baggage
what constitutes, 234
duty of innkeeper to receive, 236
sample cases, 234
Bailee
definition of, 205
liability of, 212
lien of, 212
right of possession of, 212
right of, against third persons, 212
right of, to use property, 212
right of, against bailor, 212
Bailment
classification of, 206
definition of, 205
distinguished from sale, 182
parties to, 205
for sole benefit of bailee, 208
for sole benefit of bailor, 207
what constitutes a, 206
Bailor
bailments for sole benefit of, 207
definition of, 205
Banks
checks on, 153
of circulation, 151
classified, 151
clearing houses, 157
definition of, 151
of deposit, 151
deposits in, 152
discount, 158
of discount, 151
exchange, 158
functions of, 152
interest, 158
loans of, 154
money, 157
national, 151, 155
pass books of, 153
powers of, 152
private, 151
rights of, in case of forged, altered, lost, or stolen checks, 154
savings, 156
state, 151
trust companies, 156
usury, 160
Bankruptcy
acts of, 35
definition of, 35
involuntary, 35
revokes agency, 59
voluntary, 35
Barter, distinguished from sale, 181
Bearer, negotiable instrument payable to, 112
Beneficiary of trust, 266, 269
Bequeath, definition of, 287
Bilateral contract, definition of, 19
Bill of exchange, definition of, 116
Bill of lading
definition of, 227
negotiability of, 227
valuation, 226
Blank indorsement, 124
Boarding housekeeper not an innkeeper, 235
Bona fide holder of negotiable instrument, 135
Bonds
coupon, 118
definition of, 118
form of, 118
registered, 118
Breach of contract, 280
Brokers
definition of, 55
insurance, 55
stock, 55
real estate, 57
By-laws of corporations, 103
C
Capital of national banks, 293
Capital stock
of corporations, 103
decreasing, 105
increasing, 105
Capitalization of corporations, 103
Carrier
Act of God, 225
charges of, 230
common, 223
defined, 223
delivery of goods by, 229
delivery of goods to, 193
discrimination by, 230
of goods, 223
implied liability of, 224
interstate commerce act, 231
liability as insurer, 223
lien of, 230
limiting liability, 225
of mail, 230
negligence of shipper, 225
private, 223
public enemy, 225
stoppage in transitu, 229
title to goods in possession of, 227
Carrier of passengers
baggage, 233
definition of, 232
degree of care required of, 233
right to eject passengers, 233
rights and liabilities of, 233
Casualty insurance, definition of, 166
Caveat Emptor, rule of, in sales, 188
Certificate of protest, 136
Certificates of deposit, 121
Certificates of stock, 101
Certification of checks, 118
Cestui que trust
definition of, 265
rights and liabilities of, 269
Charter of corporations, 92
Chattel mortgage, 1
definition of, 247
distinguished from pledge, 218
distinguished from sale, 218
filing and recording, 220
form of, 250
mortgagee, 218
mortgagor, 218
parties to, defined, 218
possession of property, 218
redemption, 221
rights of mortgagee, 221
rights of mortgagor, 220
as security for a debt, 219
title in mortgagee, 218
Chattel real, definition of, 274
Chattels
definition of, 128
personal, 128
real, 128
Checks
on banks, 153
certification of, 118
definition of, 117
when returned, 153
Child may be agent, 40
Choses
in action, 178, 182, 219
in possession, 178, 182, 219
Circulation, banks of, 151
Clearing houses, 157
Codicil, definition of, 294
Cognovit promissory notes, 120
Collateral promissory note, 120
Collateral securities, definition of, 283
Combination of capital distinguished from trusts, 265
Commercial law, definition of, 13
Compensation of agent, 44
Conditional sale, definition of, 181
Conflict of laws in contracts, 30
Consideration
adequate, 17
in contracts of suretyship, 173
definition of, 17
good, 17
illegal, 17
in negotiable instruments, 132
past, 17
to trust agreement, 321
valuable, 17
Consolidation of corporations, 98
Constitution
definition of, 12
English, 12
limitation of, 95
Constructive trusts, definition of, 268
Continuing guaranty, definition of, 175
Contract
acceptance to, 15
as affected by duress, 28
as affected by frauds, 28
as affected by mistake, 29
agreement in, 15
assignment of, 31
bilateral, 19
breach of, 34
competent parties, 16
consideration to, 17
by correspondence, 25, 26
definition of, 14
dependent covenants in, 34
discharge of, 33
of drunkards, 22
elements of, 15
executed, 19
executory, 19
express, definition of, 18
forms of, 38
of idiots, 22
illegal, 27
implied, 18
independent covenants in, 34
of infants, 20
of insane persons, 22
of married women, 22
mutuality in, 19
offer to, 15
parties to, 16
of partnership, 77
remedies for breach of, 36
rescission of, 34
signing of, by corporation, 108
specific performance of, 37
statu quo in, 34
Sunday, 27
by telegraph, 25, 26
trust created by, 266
under seal, 27
unilateral, 19
voidable, 20
warranty in, 34
will not a contract, 288
Corporation
act through agents, 39
by-laws of, 103
calls and assessments of, 104
capitalization of, 103
certificates of stock of, 101
charter of, 92, 95
common stock of, 105
consolidation of, 98
creation of, 92
de facto, 96
definition of, 90
directors of, 102
dissolution of, 111
distinguished from partnership, 90
dividends of, 106
estoppel of, 95
foreign, 110
franchise of, 90
kinds of, 94
meetings and elections of, 99
names of, 93
nature of, 90
object of, 90
officers and agents of, 107
organization of, 92
powers of, 91
preferred stock of, 105
promoters of, 96
regulation of, 103
reorganization of, 197
resolution of, 103
revocation of franchise of, 91
seal of, 91, 108
stockholders of, 100
ultra vires acts of, 109
voting at meetings of, 99
watered stock, 105
Counterclaim good against assignee, 274
Coupon bonds, 118
Courts
appeal from one court to another, 298
classification of, 296
definition of, 296
reports, 12
Covenants
in deeds, 245
dependent, 34
express, 273
implied, 273
independent, 34
of leases, 273
Creditor to suretyship contract, 169
Credits, definition of, 154
Crime, agency to commit, 42
Crimes of corporations, 185
Criminal, 13
Cumulative voting at corporate meetings, 99
Custom as part of contract, 22
Customs make law, 11, 12
D
Damages, definition of, 13
Death
of partner, 87
revokes agency, 59
Debts
of another, 169
secured by chattel mortgage, 219
secured by mortgage, 257
transfer of, 261
Deeds
acknowledgment of, 246
conclusion of, 245
covenants in, 245
definition of, 243
description of property in, 244
formal parts of, 243
habendum clause, 245
indentures, 243
as mortgages, 256
premises of, 244
quit claim, 246
redendum clause, 245
signature of, 245
trust created by, 266
warranties in, 245
witnesses to, 245
De facto corporation, 96
Defenses, 132
Del credere agency, 56
Delivery
in escrow, 258
of goods, 193, 229
of mortgages, 258
of personal property sold, 184
Deposit
indorsement for, 129
banks of, 151
Devise, definition of, 287
Devisor, definition of, 287
Discharge of contract
by bankruptcy, 35
by breach, 34
by performance, 33
by subsequent agreement, 34
by tender, 33
Discount, definition of, 158
Dishonor, notice of, in negotiable instruments, 36
Dissolution of partnership, 87
Distress, definition of, 273
Distribution of assets of partnership, 88
Dividends of corporations, 106
Divisions of law, 12
Domestic exchange, 158
Dower estates
definition of, 31
cannot be taken away by will, 288
Draft
definition of, 116
presentment and acceptance of, 133
Drawee of negotiable instrument, 122
Drunkard
contracts of, 22
cannot enter into partnership, 78
Duration of estates, 239
Duress
as affecting wills, 289
as defense to payment of negotiable instrument, 131
as defense to suretyship contract, 176
definition of, 28
Duties
of agent to principal, 46
of partners to each other, 84
of partners to third persons, 85
of principal to agent, 44
E
Election of corporations, 99
Elements of a contract, 15
Emblements, definition of, 236
Enemy, public, as affecting carrier, 225
Equity
courts of, 37, 300
definition of, 37
of redemption in chattel mortgages, 221
of redemption in real estate, 263
Estate, trust, 265
Estates in land, 239
Estoppel,
of corporation from denying existence, 95
partnerships by, 77
Exchange
barter, 181
definition of, 158
of goods not a sale, 181
Executed contract, definition of, 19
Execution
of contracts of corporations, 108
definition of, 300
of leases, 273
of negotiable instruments, 108
Executory contract, definition of, 19
Exempt property, 206
Express contract, definition of, 18
Express trusts, definition of, 266
F
F. O. B., definition of, 227
Factors, definition of, 54
Federal court, 297
Fee simple estates, definition of, 239
Females, legal age of, 16
Fictitious name of partnership, 79
Fidelity insurance, definition of, 169
Foreclosure of chattel mortgages, 222
Foreclosure of mortgages, 264
Foreign corporation, 110
Foreign exchange, 158
Forfeiture of leases, 279
Forgery
of negotiable instruments, 130
ratification of, 42
Forms
of bond, 119
of certificates of deposit, 121
of certificates of protest, 136
of certificates of stock, 101
of cognovit note, 120
of collateral note, 120
of contract, 38
of judgment note, 120
of partnership agreement, 89
of will, 296
Franchise of corporation, 90
Fraud
defense, of in suretyship, 176
definition of, 28
effect of, upon lease, 277
effect of, on sale, 188
renders contract voidable, 28
Freehold estates, definition of, 239
G
Gambling contracts void, 28
Gift of personal property, 179
Government warehouses, 209
Grace, days of, 134
Guarantor
contract of, 171
notices to, 175
Guaranty
continuing, 175
general, 175
letter of, 175
limited, 175
special, 175
Guests, duty of innkeeper to receive, 235
H
Habendum clause in deed, 245
Hereditaments, 236
Highways, how established, 238
Holder in due course of negotiable instrument, 135
Holographic wills, 293
Homestead estates, 241
Hotelkeeper (see Innkeeper), 235
I
Idiot
contracts of, 22
cannot enter into partnership, 78
cannot be a principal, 40
relation to contract, 16
Illegal acts cannot be ratified, 42
Illegal agencies void, 42
Illegal consideration, 17
Illegal contracts, 27
Implied contract, definition of, 18
Implied contract of bailment, 206
Implied trusts, definition of, 267
Implied warranty, definition of, 189
Indemnity in suretyship, 178
Indorser
anomalous, 130
blank, 124
for collection, 129
contract of, in suretyship, 172
for deposit, 129
in full, 126
irregular, 172
liability of, 130
without recourse, 128
Infant
may be agent, 40
contracts of, 20
definition of, 40
may be partner, 78
cannot be principal, 40
may be trustee, 265
Infringement of trade mark, 283
Innkeeper
definition of, 235
duties and liabilities of, 235
lien of, 236
Innocent purchaser for value without notice, 135
Insane person may be agent, 40
Insane person to contract, 16
Insane person cannot be partner, 78
Insolvency of purchaser, 193
Insurable interest, definition of, 162
Insurance
assignment of, 167
broker, 55
contract, 160
definition of, 160
fidelity and casualty, 166
kinds of, 162
life policies, 165
marine policies, 165
open policy, 168
representations in contracts of, 164
standard policies, 166
suicide clauses in policy of, 166
term policies, 165
tontine policies, 165
underwriter's, 161
valued policy, 168
warranties in contracts of, 173
who must pay on leased premises, 271
Interstate commerce act, 231
Involuntary bankruptcy, 35
Irrevocable agencies, 59
J
Joint liability of parties, 32
Judgment
definition of, 300
promissory note, 120
Justice of peace court, definition of, 299
L
Landlord and tenant
attornment, 274
definition of, 269
implied warranty, 270
lease, 269
notice, 279
rent, 272
taxes, repairs, and insurance, 271
Law
administrative, 13
commercial, 13
constitutional, 12
criminal, 13
definition of, 11
division of, 12
private, 13
public, 13
sources of, 12
statute, 12
unwritten, 12
written, 12
Law merchant, 113
Leases
acknowledgment of, 273
assignment of, 269
covenants of, 273
definition of, 269
forfeiture of, 279
form of, 273
recording, 273
signing, 273
termination of, 279
transfer of, 274
witnessing, 273
Legal tender, 33, 157
Legatee, definition of, 287
Lessee, definition of, 269
Lessor, definition of, 269
Liabilities
of agent and principal, 46
of agent to third person, 47
of partners to each other, 84
of principal to agent, 44
of undisclosed principal, 48
Lien
of bailee, 212
of carrier, 230
at common law, 212
how enforced, 212
of innkeeper, 236
seller's, 193
Life estates, 240
Life policies of insurance, 165
Limited partnership, 89
Loans, definition of, 154
Lost wills, how proven, 294
M
Magistrate, court of, definition of, 299
Males, legal age of, 16
Marine insurance, definition of, 165
Married women, contracts of, 22
Membership, changes of, in partnership, 86
Mercantile agencies, definition of, 154
Minds, meeting of, 15
Mistake of fact, 29
Mistake of law, 29
Money, definition of, 157
Mortgagee, definition of, 218, 256
Mortgages
debt secured by, 257
deeds as, 256
definition of, 255
delivery of, 258
elements of, 258
equity of redemption, 263
foreclosure of, 264
parties to, 256
of personal property, 218
recording, 260
satisfaction of, 262
transfer of, 261
Mortgagor
definition of, 256
rights of, 220
Mutuality in contracts, 19
N
National banks
capital of, 155
how created, 155
U. S. corporation, 92
Necessaries, definition of, 20
Negligence
gross, 210
liability of agent for, 46
ordinary, 210
of shipper, 225
slight, 210
Negotiable instruments
bona fide holder of, 135
definition of, 112
forgery of, 130
origin of, 112
parties to, 122
presentment and acceptance, 133
presentment for payment of, 135
promissory notes, 114
purpose of, 112
requisites of, 122
signing, by corporations, 108
Negotiability
of bill of lading, 227
definition of, 112
distinguished from assignability, 113
Note
cognovit, 120
collateral, 120
definition of, 114
judgment, 120
Nuncupative wills, 293
O
Open insurance, 168
Oral assignment of leases, 274
Oral contract, 41
Organization of corporation, 92
Ostensible partner, definition of, 79
P
Partners
agreement of, 81
definition of, 77
distribution of assets of, 88
duties of, to each other, 84
kinds of, 79
powers of, 82
property of, 82
survivorship of, 87
withdrawal of, 86
Partnership, 77-90
Pass book of banks, 153
Pawnbrokers, 55
Payee of negotiable instrument, 122
Partial assignments, 274
Perpetual succession of corporation, 91
Perpetuities, rule against, 239
Personal property
definition of, 178
mortgages of, 218
possession of, 179
sale of, 179
title to, 179
transfer of, 179
Pledgee, definition of, 214
Pledges, definition of, 213
Pledgor, definition of, 214
Preferred stock, 105
Principal, definition of, 39
Q
Quit claim deed, definition of, 246
Quorum at corporate meetings, 99
R
Real property, definition of, 236
Redemption
equity of, in real estate mortgage, 263
mortgagor's right of, in chattel mortgage, 221
of pledged property, 217
Redendum clause in deed, 245
Registration of corporation, 103
Registration of trade marks, 286
Reinsurance, definition of, 167
Remainder, estates in, 212
Rent
action by landlord to recover, 281
definition of, 272
when payable, 272
Reorganization of corporation, 97
Rescission
of contract, definition of, 34
of sale by reason of fraud, 188
Revocation of agency, 58
Revocation of offer, 25
Revocation of wills, 294
Rights, definition of, 11
S
Sale
caveat emptor, 188
definition of, 179
distinguished from bailment, 182
implied warranty, 190
of pledged property, 214
of trade mark, 283
Savings banks
definition of, 156
deposits in, 152
pass books of, 153
Seal
contract under, 27
definition of, 27
private, 27
use of, by corporation, 108
Signature
of agent to written instruments, 53
to deeds, 245
to a will, 291
Silent partner, definition of, 79
Spoliated wills, how proven, 294
Statu quo, definition of, 35
Statute of Frauds
as affecting contracts, 23
agency contracts within, 41
as applied to leases, 273
contracts of suretyship within, 174
partnership contracts within, 78
in sales, 183
Statutes, definition of, 12
Stock
common, 105
increasing and decreasing, 105
preferred, 105
watered, 105
Stockholders of a corporation, 102
Stoppage in transitu, 193, 229
Storage companies, 209
Subagents, 51
Subletting, 272
Subrogation in suretyship, 177
Sufferance
estates at, 242
leases at, 277
Sunday contracts illegal, 27
Surety contract of, 170
Surety companies, 177
Suretyship, 169-178
Survivorship in partnership, 87
T
Taxes, 271
Tearing wills, 294
Telegraph, contracts by, 25
Tenancies
at sufferance, 277
from year to year, 278
for years, 275
at will, 277
Tenant, definition of, 269
Tender, definition of, 33
Tenements, definition of, 236
Testament, definition of, 287
Testator, definition of, 287
Third persons
contracts for benefit of, 21
property held for benefits of, 265
Title to negotiable instruments, 215
Title to
personal property, 179
pledged property, 215
real property, 243
trust property, 266
Tontine policies of insurance, 165
Torts, 46, 111
Trade marks, 282
Trade name, 284
Transitu, stoppage in, 193, 229
Treaties, definition of, 12
Trust companies, definition of, 156
Trustees, 265
Trusts, 265
beneficiary of, 266
classified, 265
consideration to, 267
how created, 266
U
Ultra vires acts of corporation, 109
Underwriter, definition of, 161
Undisclosed principal, 48
Unfair trade, 285
Unilateral contract, definition of, 19
Universal agents, 43
Unwritten law, 12
Usury, 160
V
Valued insurance, 168
Verdict, definition of, 300
Voluntary bankruptcy, 36
Voting by proxy, 99
W
Wagering contracts void, 28
Warehousemen, 209
Warranties
in deeds, 245
in insurance contract, 164
Warranty
in contracts, 34
deeds, 244
express, 189
implied, 190
Watered stock of corporations, 105
Wife, dower of, 288
Will
ademption, 295
codicil, 294
creation of trusts by, 266
definition of, 287
duress, 290
estates at, 242
form of, 296
holographic, 293
leases at, 277
nature of, 288
nuncupative, 293
publication of, 292
revocation of, 294
signature to, 291
statutes regulating making of, 288
who may make, 289
witnessing, 291
Witnesses
to deeds, 245
to a will, 291
Written law, 12