Wörterbuch. (continued 2)
Reading edition
gleichen, glich, geglichen [dat.] look (be) like, resemble
gleichgültig indifferent
glich see gleichen
das Glied, -er member; file
glockenrein as clear (true) as a bell
das Glöcklein little bell
das Glück, des -(e)s (good) fortune (luck)
glücken [usually ist geglückt; used only with a non-personal subject] succeed, be successful, turn out well; es ist mir geglückt, ihn zu sprechen I (have) succeeded in speaking to him
glücklich fortunate, successful; favorable; happy; safe
glück´licherwei´se fortunately, luckily, as good luck would have it
die Gnade, -n grace; in Gnaden [dat. pl.] graciously; [pl. used in address] (Your) Grace; Fürstliche Gnaden (My) Gracious Prince
gnädig gracious; merciful; kind; condescending; der gnädige Herr one’s gracious sovereign, His Highness
Goebel Ferdinand Goebel (1859-), for many years a schoolmaster, author of a considerable number of books for younger readers
das Gŏld, des -(e)s gold
gŏlden golden
das Gŏldstück, -e [⸗lt⸗] gold coin, gold piece
gönnen grant, allow, give
gŏß see gießen
der Gott, ̶̈ er god; God
der Gottesacker, ⸗äcker cemetery, burying ground, God’s acre
gottlob! [gottlōp´] thank goodness! thank heaven!
grāben, grǟbt, grūb, gegrāben dig
der Grāben, ̶̈ ditch
der Grāf, -en earl, count
das Grās, Gräser grass
der Grāshalm, -e blade of grass
grä̆ßlich horrible, awful, gruesome
grau gray
grauen turn gray; dawn
grauköpfig gray-headed
grausig hideous, horrible
Grāz; Graz [pronounced as in German], a commercial and manufacturing city, capital of the mountainous Austrian duchy and crownland of Styria, beautifully situated on the Mur, southwest of Vienna, and on the road to Trieste. The University of Graz was founded in 1586.
greifen, griff, gegriffen reach, stretch out one’s hand(s) [+ a prep. expressing direction]
grell glaring, dazzling
die Grenze, -n boundary, border, frontier, line
die Grenzfichte, -n boundary or line spruce
griff see greifen
das Grillchen little cricket
die Grille, -n cricket
grōb [or, frequently, grŏb,] grȫber, der grȫbste coarse, unmannerly, rude, boorish, brutal
grȫber comp. of grob
der Groll, des -(e)s grudge
grollen have a spite (grudge) against a person [dat.]
grollend resentful, spiteful
grōß, grȫßer, der grȫßte big, tall, large; great; important; eminent; long (Reise); ein großer Herr a great (grand, fine) gentleman, a man of rank, a lord
der Grōßbauer, -s or -n, -n “big farmer”
grōßbäuerlich “big farmer’s”
Grōßbrītan´nĭen [five syllables] Great Britain
grȫßer comp. of groß
der Grōßhōf, ⸗höfe large farm
die Grōßmutter, ⸗mütter grandmother
grȫßte, der, die, das superl. of groß
der Grōßvāter, ⸗väter grandfather
die Grūbe, -n hole [in which a burrowing animal makes its home]
die Grübelei´, -en speculation, (gloomy) meditation
grün green
das Grün, des -s green (color); green fields or foliage; verdure
der Grund, ̶̈ e ground; cause, reason; aus diesem Grunde for this reason
gründlich [⸗nt⸗] thorough; clear; at length
grundlōs [⸗nt⸗] bottomless; boggy, impassable
grünen grow green, burst into leaf, put forth leaves
grüßen salute, greet; bow (nod, wave one’s hand) to
der Gulden gulden
die Gunst, -en favor, kindness
gūt, besser, der beste good, kind; easy (cf. befehlen); es gut haben be well off (comfortable), have an easy time of it; adv. well; all right
das Gūt, ̶̈ er property, possessions; Hab und Gut goods and chattels, all one’s property
die Güte kindness (of heart); die Güte haben be so good (kind)
Gūtes good, kindness; einem viel Gutes erweisen do a person many kindnesses [Cf. Besonderes].
gütig kind(-hearted)
gūtmachen, machte gut´, gutgemacht make good (reparation for)
gūttūn, tūt gūt´, tāt gut´, gutgetān [dat.] do good, benefit
H.
das h (the letter) h [Cf. g].
das Haar, -e hair; mit Haut und Haar(en) with hide and hair, i.e., entirely, completely [German uses either the sg.: er hat graues Haar like English, or the pl.: er hat graue Haare.]
Haarlem Haarlem, in the province of North Holland, center of a large trade in Dutch bulbs, seat of the Dutch Society of Sciences; die Stadt Haarlem the city of Haarlem [In German a proper noun stands as an appositive to a generic term and not as a dependent gen.]
Haarlemer adj. (of) Haarlem [Cf. Emdener.]
Hāb [hāp] = die Habe; but the phrase Hab und Gut [cf. Gut] is treated as a compound noun of neut. gender, the first element of which is invariable.
hāb’ = habe
die Hābe [no pl.] effects, goods
hāben, hăt, hătte, gehābt have; ist zu haben is to be had [haben is used as auxiliary in forming the perfect tenses of all transitive or reflexive verbs, the modal auxiliaries, and all intransitive verbs EXCEPT sein, bleiben, geschehen, gelingen, glücken (mißglücken, mißlingen) and such as express a transition from one place or state to another, all of which are conjugated with sein.
In a subordinate clause the aux. of a pres. perf. or past perf. tense is frequently omitted if no ambiguity arises therefrom; this omission is especially common when the next word is a verb.]
haben’s = haben es
habgierig [hāp⸗] avaricious, grasping
hāb’s = habe es
habsüchtig [hāp⸗] = habgierig
der Hafer, des -s oats
der Hāgelschlāg, des -(e)s damage done (loss caused) by hail
hāhāhā´! ha ha ha!
hălb half; ein halbes Pfund half a pound
hălbgrōß [hălp⸗] of medium length
der Hălbschlummer, des -s [hălp⸗] light slumber, doze
hălb´versun´ken [hălp⸗] half sunk (from sight), half buried (in the ground)
half see helfen
die Hälfte, -n half
der Halm, -e stalk
der Hals, Hälse neck; throat
das Halseisen [-ls-, NOT -lz-] iron collar
hălt [used chiefly in South Germany] you know (see), the fact is
hält see halten
hălten, hǟlt, hielt, gehălten hold, keep; ich hielt ihn für einen Freund I took him for (thought him) a friend; in Ehren halten (hold in) esteem, honor, cherish; [intr.] stop, halt, (stop and) wait
Hamburg [Avoid English pronunciation!] Hamburg, the largest city in Germany except Berlin, and the largest commercial center and seaport of continental Europe
der Hammer, ̶̈ hammer; schwerer Hammer sledge hammer
hämmern (strike with the) hammer
der Hammerschlāg, ⸗schläge stroke (blow) of the hammer
die Hand, ̶̈ e hand; alle Hände voll zu tun haben have one’s hands full (of work), have all one can do (attend to)
händellüstern itching for a quarrel
handeln treat (of von); deal with; es handelt sich um... it is a question of..., ... is involved (at stake)
han′delsei´nig [-ls-, NOT -lz-] agreed; handelseinig werden come to an agreement (to terms)
handhāben, handhābt, handhābte, gehandhābt [hant⸗] handle, wield, use
der Händler [-nd-] dealer, trader
die Handmühle, -n [⸗nt⸗] hand mill
die Handschrift, -en [⸗nt⸗] handwriting; manuscript
die Handvoll [⸗nt⸗] zwei Handvoll handful [Cf. Sack.]
das Handwerk, -e [⸗nt⸗] trade
das Handwerkszeug, des -(e)s [⸗nt⸗] (set of) tools
hangen, hängt, hing, gehangen [intr.] hang, be suspended
hängen [tr.; past hängte or hing] hang (up), suspend (on an or auf + acc.); [intr. in the pres. only] (be) hang (-ing), hang loose, dangle
Hans [Avoid English pronunciation!] Jack, Hans [an abbreviation due to the accent of Johan´nes, the original form of Johann; not to be Englished if the surname is retained untranslated]
Hansjā´kob [⸗ja´kŏp] Heinrich Hansjakob (1837- ) wrote from 1867 on a large number of instructive narratives that were especially popular in southwestern Germany.
hären (made of) hair(cloth)
die Harfensaite, -n harp string
der Harfenspieler harper, harp player
der Harnisch, -e (suit of) armor
hărt, hǟrter, der hǟrteste hard
hărtherzig hard-hearted
hărtnäckig stubborn, obstinate, stiff-necked
der Hărtnäckige; (kein) Hartnäckiger; [pl.] Hartnäckige; die (keine) Hartnäckigen obdurate (stubborn) man; [pl.] obdurate men (folk)
der Hāse, -n hare
der Hāsenbalg, ⸗bälge hareskin
der Hāsenbrāten roast hare
der Hāsenpfeffer hare ragout
der Hāsenrücken hare’s back, saddle of hare
der Hăß, des Hasses hate, hatred; Haß auf einen werfen conceive (be filled with) hatred for a person
hassen [haßte] hate
hăst 2nd pers. sg. pres. ind. of haben
hăt see haben
hăt’s = hat es
hätt’ = hätte
hătte see haben
hä̆tte past subj. of haben [used in unfulfilled wishes, conditional sentences, and quotations] had, should (would, could, might) have; have
hätten’s = hätten es
der Haufe(n), Haufens, [dat. and acc. sg. and all cases of the pl.] Haufen heap, pile [Cf. Sack.]
haufenweise in heaps (piles), in unlimited quantity
das Haupt, Häupter head; zu Häupten [an old pl. without ⸗r that survives in this one phrase only] at the head (of the bed); uns zu Häupten about our heads
das Haus, Häuser house; nach Hause [go, etc.] home; zu Hause [be, remain, etc.] at home; bei mir zu Hause at my house, in my home; bei uns zu Hause in our home (country)
der Hausārzt, ⸗ärzte family doctor
das Häuschen little house, cottage
hausen live, reside
die Hausfrau, -en lady of the house, housewife; [in address] Mistress, Goodwife
das Hausgewand, ⸗gewänder house clothes (costume)
der Hausherr, -n, -en master of the house
häuslich domestic
die Haustǖr, -en front door, street door
die Haut, Häute skin, hide
hēben, hōb or hūb, gehōben lift, raise; ein Kind aus der Taufe heben stand godfather (godmother) to a child; einen Schatz heben dig up a hidden treasure
der Hecht, -e pike
das Heer, -e army
die Heerschār, -en host, legion
die Heerstraße,-n military road; = Landstraße highway
die Heide, -n heath
die Heidefläche, -n heath(er-covered plain)
der Heidekrūg, ⸗krüge tavern on the heath (moor)
heil whole; unhurt
das Heil, des -(e)s welfare, safety; luck, (good) fortune
heilig holy; sacred; inviolable; der (die) heilige... St. (Saint)...
das Heilkraut, ⸗kräuter life-giving (healing, medicinal) herb
heim sep. pref. = nach Hause home(ward)
die Heimāt, -en native place (country, land), home
das Heimātdorf, ⸗dörfer native village
heimberief see heimberufen
heimberufen, berief heim´, heimberufen call (summon) home
heimbringen, brăchte (past subj. brächte) heim´, heimgebrăcht bring home; get in [a crop from the field into the barn]
heimgebrăcht see heimbringen
heimgehen, ging heim´, ist heimgegangen go home
heimkehren, kehrte heim´, ist heimgekehrt return (home)
heimkommen, kām heim´, ist heimgekommen = nach Hause kommen come home
heimlich homelike, peaceful, cheerful; secret
das Heimweh, des -s homesickness; das Heimweh bekommen get homesick
heimzubringen see heimbringen
Heinrich Henry
heint [archaic or dialectic; = in dieser Nacht] this night
heirāten marry
heiser hoarse, husky
heiß hot
heißen, hieß, geheißen (or, if preceded by a dependent infin., heißen) bid; call (by the name); [intr.] be called (named), go by the name of; wie heißt er? what is his name? er heißt A. his name is A.; signify, mean, be; das heißt that is (to say); es heißt people say; dann heißt es then the cry is; wie es im Sprichwort heißt as it says in the proverb; Zeit verlieren heißt Geld verlieren losing time is (equivalent to) losing money
heißt’s = heißt es
heiter cheerful
die Heiterkeit cheerfulness; gayety, glee
der Held, -en hero
helfen, hilft, half (hülfe), geholfen (or, if preceded by a dependent infin., helfen) [DAT.] help, lend a hand [dep. infin. WITHOUT zu]; be of use, avail, do (any, some) good, relieve; sich zu helfen wissen know what to do, find a way out of the difficulty; sich nicht mehr zu helfen wissen no longer know what to do (which way to turn), find one’s self in a corner
hell clear, bright, light, loud; dann ist’s das helle Wasser in that case it’s just plain water
der Heller heller [the smallest bronze coin in Austria, worth one fifth of a cent; translate] a red cent
hemmen check, arrest, stop
die Henne, -n hen [in contrast to the rooster]
hēr adv. hither; hin und her to and fro, back and forth; this way and that; um mich her (all) around me; von... her from (the direction of)...; Stiefelknecht her! Bootjack this way!
hēr sep. pref. [expressing direction toward the speaker] hither, here, to this place
hĕrăb´ [hĕrăp´] adv. down (-ward); von... herab coming (down) from the direction of...
hĕrăb´ [hĕrăp´] sep. pref. [expressing direction downward and toward the position (assumed as) occupied by the speaker or narrator] down (here)
hĕrăb´genommen see herabnehmen
hĕrăb´nehmen, nimmt herab´, nahm herab´, herab´genommen take down, lower
hĕrăb´rief see herabrufen
hĕrăb´rufen, rief herab´, herab´gerufen call down
hĕrăb´zunehmen see herabnehmen
hĕrăn´ sep. pref. [expressing direction, motion, or development toward some goal] up (to an + acc. or zu)
hĕrăn´fliegen, flōg heran´, ist heran´geflōgen fly up (to an + acc.)
hĕrăn´gestolpert see heranstolpern
hĕrăn´kommen, kām heran´, ist heran´gekommen come up (this way), draw near, approach
hĕrăn´reiten, ritt heran´, ist heran´geritten ride up
hĕrăn´schleichen, schlich heran´, ist heran´geschlichen steal (sneak, creep) up, approach stealthily; sich heranschleichen = heranschleichen
hĕrăn´schwimmen, schwamm (schwömme) heran´, ist heran´geschwommen swim up (to an + acc.)
hĕrăn´stolpern, stolperte heran´, ist heran´gestolpert come stumbling along or up [Cf. kommen.]
hĕrăn´strȫmen, strömte heran´, ist heran´geströmt flow up to (an + acc.)
hĕrăn´trāt see herantreten
hĕrăn´trēten, tritt heran´, trāt heran´, ist heran´getrēten step up (to an + acc., or zu)
hĕrăn´wăchsen, wä̆chst heran´, wūchs heran´, ist heran´gewăchsen [chs = ks] grow up [to (wo)manhood]
hĕrăn´ziehen, zōg heran´, ist heran´gezōgen come (move, sweep) up, approach
hĕrauf´gleiten, glitt herauf´, ist herauf´geglitten [sometimes weak] glide up(ward)
hĕrauf´kām see heraufkommen
hĕrauf´kommen, kām herauf´, ist herauf´gekommen come up (here)
hĕrauf´schallen, schallte herauf´, herauf´geschallt float (drift, be wafted) up [a sound]
hĕrauf´steigen, stieg herauf´, ist herauf´gestiegen rise, come up (here);67, 10 drift in from the sea
hĕrauf´stieg see heraufsteigen
hĕraus´ adv. out [from some place just indicated, or toward the speaker or spectator]
hĕraus´ sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion (from zu or aus) toward the person or place just mentioned in the context] out (to, at, toward)
hĕraus´gezogen see herausziehen
hĕraus´krabbeln, krabbelte heraus´, ist heraus´gekrabbelt come scrambling out
hĕraus´rinnen, rann (ränne or rönne) heraus´, ist heraus´geronnen run out, flow out
hĕraus´schauen, schaute heraus´, heraus´geschaut look out, peer out
hĕraus´ziehen, zōg heraus´, heraus´gezōgen draw (drag, pull) out
hĕrbei´ sep. pref. [expressing direction toward the place or person just mentioned in the context] up, hither, thither, in
hĕrbei´rufen, rief herbei´, herbei´gerufen call (in or up), summon (to one’s aid)
die Hĕrbĕrge, -n inn; journeymen’s inn; hostelry, tavern; shelter, (night’s) lodging
hĕrbĕrgen lodge with [bei] a person, stay at a person’s house
der Herbst, -e [herpst] autumn, fall [Cf. Sommer.]
der Hērd, -e hearth, fireside
das Hērdfeuer [hērt⸗] fire on the hearth
hĕrein´ adv. in this way (here); (immer) herein! walk in, please! come (right) in!
hĕrein´ sep. pref.[expressing entrance toward the person or into the place just mentioned] in, in here, into this room (house, place)
hĕrein´brāch see hereinbrechen
hĕrein´brechen, bricht herein´, brāch herein´, ist herein´gebrochen break in, invade, make an inroad into (in + acc.)
hĕrein´bringen, brăchte (past subj. brächte) herein´, herein´gebrăcht bring in (here)
hĕrein´dränge past subj. of hereindringen
hĕrein´dringen, drang herein´, ist herein´gedrungen enter forcibly, penetrate
hĕrein´gebrăcht see hereinbringen
hĕrein´kommen, kām herein´, ist herein´gekommen come in (here), come into (enter) the room
hĕrein´stürzen, stürzte herein´, ist herein´gestürzt rush in(to in + acc., at, through zu + dat.)
hĕrein´trēten, tritt herein´, trāt herein´, ist herein´getrēten step (walk) in, enter (the room, etc.) [expressing motion TOWARD the place in which the speaker or reader is considered to be]
hĕrein´wollen, will herein´, wollte herein´, herein´gewollt wish or try to enter (get in) [Cf. last note on wollen.]
hērgekommen see herkommen
hērkommen, kām her´, ist hergekommen come hither (here); wo kommt er her? [colloquial form of woher kommt er?] where does he come from?
der Hĕrmĕsbauer, -s or -n, -n [-mess-] Farmer Hermes, owner of (the) Hermes Farm
der Hĕrmĕshōf, des -(e)s [-mess-] Hermes Farm
der Herr, [gen., dat., or acc. sg.] -n, -en gentleman; employer, master; 53, 11 ein wirklicher Herr a real master of his own time; lord; ruler, sovereign; Lord; sir [in address], Mr. [The complimentary title Herr used before another title, as in Herr Doktor, is usually left untranslated in English; it has, however, a parallel in such phrases as Mr. Chairman, Mr. Justice X. Cf. Kaiser.]
die Herrin, -nen mistress
herrisch peremptory
herrlich glorious, magnificent, splendid
Herrn see Herr
die Herrschaft dominion, rule
herrschen rule; reign; prevail, be displayed
hērsāgen, sagte her´, hergesagt recite, say, repeat
hĕrŭm´ adv. around; um... herum round about..., all around...
hĕrŭm´ sep. pref. [expressing motion in a circle] around
hĕrŭm´drehen, drehte herum´, herum´gedreht turn around
hĕrŭm´gehen, ging herum´, ist herum´gegangen go (walk) around
hĕrŭm´tanzen, tanzte herum´, ist herum´getanzt dance around (um) a person
hĕrŭm´tollen, tollte herum´, ist herum´getollt scamper about
das Hĕrŭm´wirbeln, des -s whirling (spinning) around
hĕrun´termachen, machte herun´ter, herun´tergemacht scold, berate, call down, pitch into
hĕrun´terreißen, rĭß herun´ter, herun´tergerissen tear (jerk, pull) something off or down (from dat.)
hĕrun´terspielen, spielte herun´ter, herun´tergespielt rattle off [a tune]
hĕrun´tersteigen, stieg herun´ter, ist herun´tergestiegen climb down (here)
hĕrun´terwollen, will herun´ter, wollte herun´ter, herun´tergewollt want (try) to get down (here); es regnete, was vom Himmel herunterwollte it was raining as hard as it could [Cf. last note on wollen.]
hĕrun´terzureißen see herunterreißen
hĕrvōr´ sep. pref. [expressing direction out and toward the person or thing indicated in the context] forth, out (of, from aus; from behind hinter; from under unter)
hĕrvōr´bringen, brăchte (past subj. brächte) hervor´, hervor´gebrăcht bring forth; produce
hĕrvōr´gebrăcht see hervorbringen
hĕrvōr´gekommen see hervorkommen
hĕrvōr´holen, holte hervor´, hervor´geholt fetch (bring, get) out
hĕrvōr´kommen, kām hervor´, ist hervor´gekommen come forth, emerge, appear (on the scene)
hĕrvōr´leuchten, leuchtete hervor´, hervor´geleuchtet shine out
hĕrvōr´quellen, quillt hervor´, quoll hervor´, ist hervor´gequollen well forth, issue
hĕrvōr´schimmern, schimmerte hervor´, hervor´geschimmert shine out
hĕrvōr´stehen, stănd (past subj. often stünde) hervor´, hervor´gestănden stick (stand) out (in bold relief), protrude
hĕrvōr´strahlen, strahlte hervor´, ist hervor´gestrahlt beam (shine) forth (out)
hĕrvōr´trāt see hervortreten
hĕrvōr´trēten, tritt hervor´, trāt hervor´, ist hervor´getrēten step (come) forth (out)
hĕrvōr´ziehen, zōg hervor´, hervor´gezōgen draw forth, pull out
das Herz, -ens, [dat. sg. and all cases of the pl.] -en heart; das ging mir zu Herzen that touched my heart; zufriedenen Herzens [originally a descriptive gen., now used as an adv. phrase to express manner] with contented heart, i.e., contentedly; erleichterten Herzens with a feeling of relief
Herzen(s) see Herz
das Herzklopfen, des -s palpitation of the heart
herzlich cordial, hearty; [adv., also] very, exceedingly, extremely
die Herzlichkeit cordiality; sincerity
der Herzschlāg, -schläge throbbing of the heart, heartbeat
hetzen hunt, run to ground
die Hetzjāgd, -en (wild) chase, (hot) pursuit
das Heu, des -(e)s hay
der Heuboden [pl. sometimes ⸗böden] haymow, hayloft; auf dem Heuboden in the haymow
heulen howl; yelp
das Heulen, des -s howling
heut’ = heute
heute to-day
heutzutāg’ = heutzutage
heutzutāge nowadays, at the present day (time), in our day (time, age)
hielt see halten, anhalten, or aufhalten
hier here; in this case
hier´auf´ hereupon, after this
hier´vŏn´ from this, of this
hieß see heißen
hilf imper. sg. of helfen
die Hilfe aid, help; einem zu Hilfe kommen come to one’s assistance
hilft see helfen
der Himmel heaven; heavens, sky
hĭn adv. thither; gone, ruined; über das ganze Land hin (away, clear, all) over the whole land
hin sep. pref. [expressing direction away from the position previously occupied by the subject or the speaker and toward some goal] thither, there; off, away, down; along; out; to, at, toward
hĭnăb´ [hĭnăp´] adv. down (there, in that direction)
hĭnăb´ [hĭnăp´] sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion down (and away) from the position hitherto occupied by the subject or the speaker] down
hĭnăb´geglitten see hinabgleiten
hĭnăb´gehen, ging hinab´, ist hinab´gegangen go (walk) down (the hill, there, etc.)
hĭnăb´gesandt see hinabsenden
hĭnăb´gleiten, glitt hinab´, ist hinab´geglitten [sometimes weak] slip (slide) down
hĭnăb´hangen, hängt hinab´, hing hinab´, hinab´gehangen hang down
hĭnăb´schauen, schaute hinab´, hinab´geschaut = hinabsehen look (glance, gaze) down
sich hĭnăb´schlängeln, schlängelte hinab´, hinab´geschlängelt (go) wind(ing) down the hill
hĭnăb´sehen, sieht hinab´, sah hinab´, hinab´gesehen look down (there)
hĭnăb´senden, sandte or sendete (past subj. sendete) hinab´, hinab´gesandt or hinab´gesendet send down
sich hĭnăb´senken, senkte hinab´, hinab´gesenkt descend, slope
hĭnăb´sprang see hinabspringen
hĭnăb´springen, sprang hinab´, ist hinab´gesprungen leap (jump) down
hĭnăb´steigen, stieg hinab´, ist hinab´gestiegen descend
hĭnăb´stürzen, stürzte hinab´, ist hinab´gestürzt fall headlong, fall over the edge
hĭnăb´werfen, wirft hinab´, warf (würfe) hinab´, hinab´geworfen throw down
hĭnăb´zustürzen see hinabstürzen
hĭnăn´ adv. up (there) [Often used to reënforce the idea of direction expressed by a preceding adverbial phrase]
hĭnauf´ adv. up [and away]; bis zu... hinauf clear (right) up to... [hinauf is used to reënforce the idea of direction inherent in the prep. phrase.]
hĭnauf´ sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion upward and away from the position hitherto occupied by the subject or the speaker] up (yonder or there)
hĭnauf´drehen, drehte hinauf´, hinauf´gedreht raise by turning (at an + dat.)
hĭnauf´fahren, fährt hinauf´, fuhr hinauf´, hinauf´gefahren drive (convey, take) up (there, yonder)
hĭnauf´heben, hōb hinauf´, hinauf´gehōben lift up (there)
hĭnauf´schauen, schaute hinauf´, hinauf´geschaut look up (yonder)
hĭnauf´schießen, schŏß hinauf´, [intr. ist] hinauf´geschossen shoot up
hĭnauf´steigen, stieg hinauf´, ist hinauf´gestiegen climb up (there)
hĭnauf´stieg see hinaufsteigen
hĭnauf´werfen, wirft hinauf´, warf (würfe) hinauf´, hinauf´geworfen throw (cast) up (yonder, there, in that direction)
hĭnauf´zusteigen see hinaufsteigen
hĭnaus´ sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion out (and away) from the position hitherto occupied by the subject or the speaker] out (yonder); er wollte nicht hinaus see hinauswollen
hĭnaus´fliegen, flōg hinaus´, ist hinaus´geflōgen fly out (there, yonder)
hĭnaus´gegangen see hinausgehen
hĭnaus´gehen, ging hinaus´, ist hinaus´gegangen go (walk) out; zum Dorf hinausgehen walk out of the village
hĭnaus´gerutscht see hinausrutschen
hĭnaus´kommen, kām hinaus´, ist hinaus´gekommen come (get) out (there)
hĭnaus´rutschen, rutschte hinaus´, ist hinaus´gerutscht slide out
hĭnaus´steigen, stieg hinaus´, ist hinaus´gestiegen climb out
hĭnaus´strecken, streckte hinaus´, hinaus´gestreckt stretch out
hĭnaus´stürzen, stürzte hinaus´, ist hinaus´gestürzt rush (fall headlong, plunge) out (of, from the zum or zur)
hĭnaus´wollen, will hinaus´, wollte hinaus´, hinaus´gewollt want to go out [Cf. last note on wollen.]
hĭnbrummen, brummte hin´, hingebrummt grumble, mutter (to one’s self vor sich acc.)
das Hindernis, -nisse obstacle, obstruction
hĭndurch´ through; das ganze Jahr hindurch all the year round; die Nacht hindurch all night long; hindurch sein be [= to have passed] through
hĭnein´ adv. in(to) [often used to reënforce the idea of direction expressed by a preceding adverbial phrase; in this use frequently to be left untranslated]; in sich hinein to himself, inwardly
hĭnein´ sep. pref. [expressing direction away from one place into some other] in(to) [often reënforcing the idea of direction expressed by an accompanying prep. + its object; frequently best left untranslated when so used. Cf. I am in blood stepp’d in so far Macbeth iii. 4. 136]
hĭnein´bringen, brăchte (past subj. brächte) hinein′, hinein′gebracht take (carry, get) in(to)
hĭnein´fliegen, flōg hinein´, ist hinein´geflōgen fly in
hĭnein´gehen, ging hinein´, ist hinein´gegangen go (walk) in(to the house, etc.)
hĭnein´gerāten, gerǟt hinein´, geriet hinein´, ist hinein´gerāten (accidentally) get in(to something in + acc.)
hĭnein´geriet see hineingeraten
hĭnein´kommen, kām hinein´, ist hinein´gekommen come (get) in(to in + acc.)
hĭnein´lassen, lǟsst hinein´, ließ hinein´, hinein´gelassen let in, admit (to in + acc.)
hĭnein´schieben, schōb hinein´, hinein´geschoben push (shove) in
hĭnein´schleppen, schleppte hinein´, hinein´geschleppt drag in(to in + acc.)
hĭnein´sinken, sank hinein´, ist hinein´gesunken sink in(to in + acc.)
hĭnein´sprang see hineinspringen
hĭnein´springen, sprang hinein´, ist hinein´gesprungen jump (leap) into (in + acc.)
hĭnein´stehen, stănd (stände or stünde) hinein´, hinein´gestănden (stand) project(ing), stick out
hĭnein´zubringen see hineinbringen
hĭnein´zuschleppen see hineinschleppen
hĭnfahren, fährt hin´, fuhr hin´, ist hingefahren pass (sweep) along
hing see hangen, also abhangen and aufhängen
hĭngeben, gibt hin´, gāb hin´, hingegeben give up, surrender, resign; sich hingeben [also] devote one’s self to, indulge in
hĭngehen, ging hin´, ist hingegangen go (there, away); wo ging er hin? [colloquial form of wohin ging er?] where did he go (to)?
hĭngeworfen see hinwerfen
hĭnlaufen, läuft hin´, lief hin´, ist hingelaufen run off (along); da läuft er hin there he goes
hĭnnehmen, nimmt hin´, nahm hin´, hingenommen take (up, away, along); accept
hĭnschauen, schaute hin´, hingeschaut = hinsehen look off
hĭnschießen, schŏß hin´, ist hingeschossen shoot (dart) along
hĭnsehen, sieht hin´, sah hin´, hingesehen look away (in that direction); vor sich (acc.) hinsehen look (down) straight before one
die Hĭnsicht, -en respect, way
hĭnstrecken, streckte hin´, hingestreckt stretch out
hĭnter behind, back of [acc. when direction is expressed, otherwise dat.]
der Hĭnterfūß, ⸗füße hind foot
hĭnterhēr´ (along) behind
hĭnü´ber sep. pref. [expressing direction away from the speaker and (across some intervening space) toward an object indicated by the context] over (yonder or there)
hĭnü´berwerfen, wirft hinü´ber, warf (würfe) hinü´ber, hinü´bergeworfen throw (cast) over (there)
hĭnun´ter sep. pref. [expressing direction downward and away from the position hitherto occupied by the subject or the speaker] down; einmal muß ich doch noch hinunter see hinuntermüssen
hĭnun´terfahren, fährt hinun´ter, fuhr hinun´ter, ist hinun´tergefahren go down, descend
hĭnun´terfliehen, floh hinun´ter, ist hinun´tergeflohen flee down [a route designated by the acc.]
hĭnun´terfloh see hinunterfliehen
hĭnun´tergekommen see hinunterkommen
hĭnun′tergelan´gen, gelangte hinun´ter, ist hinun´tergelangt get down (into in + acc.)
hĭnun´tergeschossen see hinunterschießen
hĭnun´terkommen, kām hinun´ter, ist hinun´tergekommen come (get) down (there)
hĭnun´termüssen, mŭß hinun´ter, mŭßte (past subj. mü̆ßte) hinun´ter, hinun´tergemŭßt have (be obliged) to go down there [Cf. last note on wollen.]
hĭnun´terschießen, schŏß hinun´ter, hinun´tergeschossen shoot down, announce an event by firing a shot down (into in + acc.)
hĭnun´tersteigen, stieg hinun´ter, ist hinun´tergestiegen go down (there), climb down, descend
hĭnun´terstürzen, stürzte hinun´ter, ist hinun´tergestürzt rush (fall headlong, plunge) down (there)
hĭnun´terwerfen, wirft hinun´ter, warf (würfe) hinun´ter, hinun´tergeworfen throw down
hĭnwandeln, wandelte hin´, ist hingewandelt walk leisurely (stroll) along
hĭnwĕg´ sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion away from the position hitherto occupied by the subject] away, off
hĭnwĕg´führen, führte hinweg´, hinweg´geführt lead away
hĭnwĕg´gehen, ging hinweg´, ist hinweg´gegangen go away; touch lightly on, pass rapidly over (über + acc.)
hĭnwĕg´schauen, schaute hinweg´, hinweg´geschaut look off (away)
hĭnwerfen, wirft hin´, warf (würfe) hin´, hingeworfen throw (fling, toss) down, or toward a person [dat.]
hĭnwollen, will hin´, wollte hin´, hingewollt want (intend) to go (there); wo will er hin? [colloquial form of wohin will er?] where does he want to go (to)? [Cf. last note on wollen.]
hĭnzū´ sep. pref. [expressing increase, addition] in addition, besides
hĭnzū´fügen, fügte hinzu´, hinzu´gefügt add [a remark]
hĭn´zugeben see hingeben
hĭnzū´setzen, setzte hinzu´, hinzu´gesetzt = hinzufügen add [a remark]
hōb see heben
hōch, hȫher, der hȫchste [In the positive hoch drops its c before the e of an inflectional syllable; in the superl. ch = ch in ich] high, tall; great, noble, distinguished; Boucher lebe hoch! Long live Boucher! Three cheers for Boucher! Hoch (lebe er)! Hurrah (for him)!
hōchrāgend towering
hȫchst [ch as in ich] superl. of hoch highest; [adv.] highly, most, extremely, exceedingly, in the highest degree; aufs höchste steigen reach its height (climax)
aufs hȫchste see höchst
die Hŏchzeit, -en wedding; Hochzeit halten hold (have, celebrate) a wedding
das Hŏchzeitsbrōt, -e (batch or loaf of) wedding bread
das Hŏch′zeitsgeschenk´, -e wedding present
der Hŏchzeitsteig, -e dough for the wedding bread
der Hōf, ̶̈ e farm; yard; court
der Hōfārzt, ⸗ärzte court physician
der Hōfbauer, -s or -n, -n farmer [usually one living on his own farm as distinguished from the tenant farmer]
der Hŏffārtsteufel demon of pride
hoffen hope (for auf + acc.)
die Hoffnung, -en hope, expectation (of auf + acc.)
der Hōfhund, -e watchdog
hȫflich, polite, civil, courteous
die Hōfmauer, -n wall around the yard
der Hōfschuhmachermeister Court Bootmaker
das Hōftōr, -e (yard) gate
die Höhe, -n height, hill; in die Höhe up(ward), (up) into the air
hohe(r, etc.) see hoch
höher or hoch
hohl hollow
die Höhle, -n cave, cavern
der Hohn, des -(e)s mockery, derision
höhnen mock, sneer, jeer; 51, 25 Der höhnt auch noch (He’s also even mocking, i.e.,) He’s adding insult to injury
holen go and get, bring, fetch; come for; der Teufel hole es! the devil take it! hang it!
hŏl´lā or hŏllā´ hello! see here!
Holland [⸗nt] Holland
der Holländer Hollander, Dutchman
holländisch Dutch, Netherlandish [Adjs. of nationality are capitalized only when used in fixed titles, e.g., der Deutsche Kaiser, or as substantives, e.g., das Deutsche (the) German (language).]
die Hölle, -n hell; das Leben zur Hölle machen make life a hell [Cf. machen.]
das Höllentōr, -e gate of hell
höllisch infernal, “confounded”
das Holz, ̶̈ er wood
der Holzapfel, ⸗äpfel crab apple
hölzern wooden
hȫr’ = höre
horchen listen
die Hŏrde, -n horde
hȫren [past part., if preceded by a dependent infin., hören] hear; höre! I say,... See also aufhören. [In English the object of hear may be followed by either the infin., or the pres. part.: I heard him walk or walking in; in German only the infin. is so used: ich hörte ihn hereintreten.]
das Hȫren, des -s hearing
der Hōrīzont´, -e [z = ts] horizon
Horn W. O. von Horn, pseudonym of Philipp Friedrich Wilhelm Örtel (1798–1867), author of numerous didactic stories
das Horn, ̶̈ er horn
hūb see heben or anheben
hǖben over here, on this side
hübsch [hü̆psch] pretty, delightful, nice, fine; [adv., also] “nice and...”
das Hūfeisen horseshoe
hūfen [ist gehūft] back (up, off)
der Hūfschlāg, ⸗schläge hoofbeat, trampling of horses’ feet
der Hūfschmied, -e horseshoer, farrier
der Hüftknochen haunch (bone)
der Hügel hill; sie gingen den Hügel hinab [Note that the acc. is used — without a prep. — to indicate the route taken.]
das Huhn, ̶̈ er hen; [pl.] poultry, chickens
die Hü̆lse, -n socket, shell
der Hund, -e dog
hundert [invariable] hundred [A hundred hundert; one hundred ein hundert]
das Hundert, -e a hundred [considered as a group]
hundertmāl a hundred times
der Hunger, des -s [ng as in thing] hunger
hungern [ng as in thing] (suffer) hunger, starve, go hungry
hungrig [ng as in thing] hungry
hüpfen [ist gehüpft when direction is expressed] hop, leap; er sah, wo der Hafe hüpfte he saw what the other was after (what the game was)
der Hūt, ̶̈ e hat
hǖten guard, keep, take care of; sich hüten, etwas zu tun [be on one’s guard about doing a certain thing,] take good care not to do a thing
die Hütte, -n hut, cabin, cottage
I.
ich I
ich’s = ich es
ihm dat. sg. of er or es
ihn acc. sg. of er
ihnen dat. pl. of er, sie, or es (to) them
Ihnen dat. of Sie
ihr¹ dat. sg. of sie
ihr² nom. pl. of du [now used only in addressing two or more people, animals, etc., each of whom would be addressed with du. Formerly Ihr was used (as Sie is at present) in formal address to one person, also in deferential address to an older relative; in this use it is capitalized to distinguish it from ihr addressed to two or more people.] you
ihr³, ihre, ihr her, their; [when referring to a non-personal fem. antecedent] its
Ihr¹ [in address] see ihr²
Ihr², Ihre, Ihr your [used when Sie is the pron. of address and capitalized to distinguish it from ihr³]
ihretwēgen for all she cares (cared) or they care(d); on her (their) account
der Iltis, Iltisse polecat
ĭm = in dem
immer always, ever; noch immer even now, [emphatic] still [Regularly used before a comparative, while in English the adj. or adv. is repeated: immer magerer leaner and leaner]
im´merhĭn´ for all that, still, nevertheless
ĭn [dat.] in, at, within; [acc., expressing direction] in(to), to
ĭnbrünstig fervent, devout
ĭndem´ conj. [always followed by transposition] while [expressing occasionally means, but usually simultaneousness; as a rule best rendered by the pres. part. of the verb in its clause]
ĭndĕs´ meanwhile, in the meantime
ĭndes´sen = indes
ĭn´dīrekt´ [ -dee-; for contrast, in´direkt] indirect; die indirekte Rede indirect discourse, quoted statement or question
ĭngrimmig fierce, angry
das Inhaltsverzeichnis, ⸗nisse table of contents
ĭnnerlich inner; profound; introspective; to one’s self
ĭnnig heartfelt, sincere
ĭns = in das
die Insel, -n island
das Instrūment´, -e instrument
der Invālī´de, -n [v = v] disabled (invalided) soldier
ĭrden earthen
ĭrgend [⸗nt; used with generalizing force before pronouns and adverbs] any, some; irgend jemand anyone (at all), somebody (or other)
Irland [ĭrlant] Ireland
ĭß imper. sg. of essen eat
ist see sein
ist’s = ist es
Ita´lien [eetah´lĭ-] Italy
der Ĭtālĭē´ner an Italian
J.
jā yes; aye, just so, quite right; as everybody knows, indeed, “all right,” soon enough, surely, of course; ich sag’ es ja I tell you, “believe me”; [emphasizing a statement] why, don’t you see [before the clause, or] really, truly, even [within the clause, or] anyhow, at any rate, indeed, I am sure, you know, you see [after the clause], [emphasizing a command or prohibition] tun Sie es ja´ be sure to do it; tun Sie es ja´ nicht don’t do it on any account
jāgen hunt, drive, chase; sich jagen dash, sweep, race; [intr.; ist gejagt] race
jäh(e) sudden, abrupt
das Jahr, -e year; die besten Jahre the prime of life; in die Jahre kommen, wo... reach the age when...
das Jahrhundert, -e century
Jakob [jā´kŏp] Jacob
jämmerlich pitiful, sorry, wretched, miserable
jammern lament [über + acc.]
j⸗apā´nisch [yah-] Japanese [Cf. holländisch.]
jāwohl´! yes indeed! quite right! (yes,) certainly!
jē ever, at any time; [with a numeral] at a time, each
jē + comparative [always followed by transposition] the [followed by a balancing clause with inversion introduced by desto + comp.] je älter sie sind, desto besser sind sie the older they are, the better they are
jeder, jede, jedes each, every, any; ein jeder, gen. eines jeden every single one, each and every one
jedesmāl each (every) time (that... wenn...)
jēdoch´ however
von jē´hēr´ [or jē´hēr] from time out of mind; at all times
jemand gen[. jemand(e)s, dat. jemand(em), acc. jemand(en); no pl.] somebody, someone, anybody, anyone
jener, jene, jenes that (... yonder); the former, the other [While dieser implies proximity, jener implies remoteness.]
jenseit(s) [jēn⸗ or jĕn⸗] on the other (farther) side (of gen.)
jetzt now [at present]
Jōhann´ John
das Jōhan´nĭswürmchen glowworm
Joseph [yōzĕf] Joseph
jōvĭāl´ [yōvi-] jovial, jolly
der Jūbel, des -s [yo̅o̅-] (noisy) merrymaking, shouts of joy
jūbeln [yo̅o̅-] shout lustily (merrily, for joy)
die Jūgend youth [youthful age or young people]
der Jū′līā´bend, -e [yo̅o̅-] July evening
jung, jünger, der jüngste young, youthful
der Junge, -n boy, youngster, lad
die Jungen the young (folks)
der Jüngling, -e youth, young man
Jǖterbog [⸗bock] Jüterbog, a Prussian town situated about forty miles south of Berlin
K.
der Kǟfer beetle, chafer
der Kaf´fee, des -s coffee
kahl bald
der Kaiser emperor [A title that precedes a proper noun is never inflected unless it is itself preceded by an inflected pronoun. (But Herr is always inflected, pronoun or no pronoun.)]
die Kaiserstadt, ⸗städte imperial city
kălt, kä̆lter, der kä̆lteste cold, chill; cool, cold, indifferent
die Kälte coolness, coldness
kām see kommen
kǟme past subj. of kommen
der Kămerād´, -en [in the nom. sg. d = t] comrade, companion, chum
die Kammer, -n bedroom
das Kammerfenster bedroom window; 43, 12 unters Kammerfenster against or on the window sill
der Kampf, ̶̈ e combat, fight, conflict
kann see können
kannst 2nd pers. sg. pres. ind. of können
kannte see kennen
die Kănō´ne, -n cannon
die Kăpel´le, -n chapel
der Kăpītǟn´, -e (sea) captain
der Kăplān´, Kaplǟ´ne curate
das Käppchen little cap
die Kapsel, -n (hemispherical) cover
Karl Charles
der Kărren cart
die Kartŏf´fel, -n potato
die Kasse, -n (money) chest (box); alle Kassen all the coffers
das Kastell´, -e citadel, fort
der Kasten [pl. also ̶̈ ] chest
der Kāter tomcat
kauern crouch, huddle
der Kaufmann, Kaufleute [less often ⸗männer] merchant
kaum scarcely, hardly, [only just =] barely
die Kegelkugel, -n bowling ball
kehren [ist gekehrt when equivalent to the intr. umkehren or zurückkehren] turn; return; ich kehre mich wenig (nicht) daran I pay little (no) attention (heed) to that
kein, keine, kein no, not a(ny)
keiner, keine, keines no one, none, not any, nobody, not (any)one, not... anybody (but als) [When used as a subst. kein has throughout the inflection of dieser.Cf. note on einer.]
kei´nerlei´ no kind of, not of any sort
keins = keines
kennen, kannte (past subj. kennte), gekannt [= French connaître] know, be acquainted with; understand
kennzeichnen mark, characterize, stamp
Kerkhoff T. Kerkhoff, about whom the editors were not able to find out anything save that fifteen years ago this author lived in East Frisia
der Kerl, -e fellow, chap; [with an uncomplimentary adj.] wretch
die Kerze, -n candle
das Kerzenlicht, -er candlelight; lighted candle
die Kette, -n chain
kichern chuckle
das Kie´ferngehölz´, -e pine grove
das Kind, -er child
die Kinderjahre [pl.] childhood
der Kindesvater, ⸗väter the father of the (a) child
das Kindlein little child, baby
die Kindtaufe, -n christening
die Kinzig the Kinzig [pronounced as in German], a river in Baden, rising in the Black Forest and emptying into the Rhine not far from Strassburg
die Kirche, -n church
der Kirchhōf, ⸗höfe churchyard, cemetery
der Kirchtag, -e = Kirchweih
die Kirchweih, -en [Originally] consecration of a church; [now, usually, the annual festival in commemoration of the dedication of the parish church] church-ale, parish fair, kermis
der Kirchweihtanz, ⸗tänze kermis dance
die Kirmes, ⸗messen = Kirchweih
kitzeln tickle
k⸗k = ck [in syllabication]
die Klafter, -n (also der or das Klafter) [invariable after a numeral] fathom
klāgen complain (about, of über + acc.)
klāgend wailing, plaintive
klǟglich pitiful, sad
klammern fasten (an + acc.); dig, thrust (in + acc.)
klang see klingen
klappern rattle, clatter
das Klappern, des -s rattling, clattering
klappernd pres. part. of klappern
klaps! click! snap! clap!
klārmachen, machte klar´, klargemacht make [a thing] clear
die Klasse, -n class
Klaus Claus [an abbreviation due to the accent of Nīkōlā´us (four syllables)], Nicholas
die Klause, -n = Einsiedelei hermitage
kleben stick (fast), attach, fasten
der Klee, des Klees clover
das Kleid, -er garment; dress; [pl., also] clothes
kleiden clothe, dress
klein little [size], small, short
der Kleine; (kein) Kleiner; [pl.] Kleine; die (keine) Kleinen little boy (fellow, chap); pl. children
Klēve [v = v] Kleve (or Cleves), a manufacturing city in the Rhine Province of Prussia, some six miles from the Dutch border
klingen, klang, geklungen sound, ring
das Klingen, des -s ringing, clanging, clanking
klopfen knock, rap; es klopft there is (comes) a knock
klūg, klüger, der klügste prudent; wise; judicious; shrewd, sagacious
klǖger comp. of klug
der Knābe, -n boy, lad
knallen pop
knapp bare(ly sufficient), close, tight
knarren creak, squeak
knattern rattle [of musketry]
der Knecht, -e farm hand, hired man; groom; slave, drudge, serving man
knicken snap, break
das Knie, [pl. Kniee or more usually Knie] knee
knie(e)n kneel (down ist gekniet)
der Knieriemen (shoemaker’s) knee strap; einen Knieriemen an den Fuß bringen (put one’s foot in =) use a knee strap
das Knöchelchen little bone
der Knochen bone
knöchern bony
knurren growl (at auf + acc.)
kochen cook, boil
der Köhler charcoal burner
der Kollē´ge, -n brother artist; colleague
kommen, kām, ist gekommen come; get [(in))to a place]; zu sich kommen “come to,” recover; emporgeflattert kommen come fluttering up [German uses the PAST part. with kommen to denote the manner of coming]; come (about), happen; wie kommt es, daß...? how does it come (happen) that...? what is the reason that...?
kommt’s = kommt es
der Kȫnig, -e king
die Kȫnigstochter, ⸗töchter [In pl. ch as in ich] king’s daughter, (royal) princess
konjūgie´ren [past part. konjugiert´] conjugate
der Konjunktīv´, -e [v = f unless followed by e, then = v; if contrasted with the ind., Kon´⸗] subjunctive (mood)
können, kann, konnte (past subj. könnte), gekonnt (or, if preceded by a dependent infin., können) [können expresses ability or possibility] know (= have learned) [a lesson, language, game, trick, feat]; can, be able, may [in colloqu. language often substituted for dürfen, as can is for may in English]; ich kann nicht zurück = zurückkommen [cf. last note on wollen]; 63, 21 obgleich... hätten sein können although it might well have been... [In the perfect tenses the past part. of a mod. aux. assumes the form of the infin. if a dep. infin. precedes it; in such a case the tense auxiliary in a subordinate clause stands, not at the end of the clause, but before the dep. infin.]
konnte see können
könnte past subj. of können
die Konstruktiōn´, -en [-str-; tsĭōn´] construction
der Kopf, ̶̈ e head; [= Pfeifenkopf] (pipe) bowl; die Tannen schüttelten den Kopf the fir trees shook their heads
die Kopfeslänge, -n (the height of) a head
das Kopfkissen pillow
der Korb, ̶̈ e basket
das Körbchen [⸗rp⸗] small basket
der Korbvoll [⸗rp⸗; invariable] basketful
der Kork,-e (or ̶̈ e) stopper, cork
das Korn [ ̶̈ er single grains, -e kinds of grain] grain
der Körper body
die Körperlänge, -n the length of one’s body
körperlich bodily, physical
korrīgie´ren [past part. korrigiert´] correct
kostbār precious, valuable
kosten cost [dat. (or acc.) of the person who pays]
köstlich delicious; charming, delightful
krabbeln [ist gekrabbelt] scramble
die Kraft, ̶̈ e force, strength, power; niemand kann über seine Kräfte no one can (go beyond =) do more than his strength allows; nach Kräften to the best of one’s ability
kräftig strong; powerful; nourishing
das Krallentier, -e claw-bearing animal
der Krampf, ̶̈ e cramp, spasm; (wie) im Krampfe convulsively
krank, kränker, der kränkste ill, sick, ailing, in poor health, feeble
der Kranke; (kein) Kranker; [pl.] Kranke; die (keine) Kranken sick man, invalid, patient; [pl.] sick (folk), patients
die Kranke, [gen. and dat. sg.] -n sick girl (woman)
kränker comp. of krank
die Krankheit, -en ailment; sickness
das Kraut, Kräuter herb; plant; cabbage
die Krēātūr´ [three syllables], -en creature
der Krēbs, Krebse [b = p[ crawfish; [sometimes loosely used for] crab [Cf. Crayfish, Encycl. Brit. VII, 387.]
der Krēbsgang, des -(e)s [b = p] crab’s walk; den Krebsgang gehen go backward, deteriorate
das Krēbslein [b = p] (my dear) Mr. Crawfish [The suffixes chen and lein, while usually of diminutive force, may also express endearment, tenderness, irony, or contempt.]
der Kreis, Kreise circle; immer weitere Kreise ziehen draw wider and wider circles [like a stone thrown into the middle of a pond], spread farther and farther
kreischen scream, shriek
kreischend shrill
kreuzen cross
der Kreuzer kreuzer, “copper”
der Kreuzwēg, -e a crossroads
kriechen, kroch, ist gekrochen creep, crawl, drag one’s self along
der Krieg, -e war; der Siebenjährige Krieg the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) [This adj. is capitalized as part of a fixed title; but ein siebenjähriger Krieg a(ny) war lasting seven years.]
kriegen [colloqu.] get; den Schnupfen kriegen catch cold
der Krieger warrior
Kriegs⸗ (89, 7) = Kriegszeiten [Cf. Ober⸗.]
der Kriegsfūß, des -es war footing
der Kriegsruhm, des -(e)s military glory, fame of military achievements (exploits)
die Kriegszeit, -en time of war
der Kriegszūg, ⸗züge military expedition, campaign
kroch see kriechen
der Kronentāler crown (taler)
die Kröte, -n toad
die Krücke, -n curved handle [of an umbrella or cane]
krumm, krummer or krümmer, der krummste or krümmste crooked, bent; krumm gehen waddle
der Kū´bātā´bak, -e Cuban tobacco
die Kü̆che, -n kitchen
der Kūchen cake
das Kǖchlein (little) chicken
der Kuckuck, -e cuckoo; [a euphemism for der Teufel] the Old Scratch (Harry) [Cf. Geier.]
die Kuh, ̶̈ e cow
kühl cool
kümmern trouble, concern; sich um etwas kümmern concern one’s self about, pay attention to
die Kunde information; news
künftig future; [adv.] for (in) the future, hereafter; from that (this) time forth
die Kunst, ̶̈ e art; feat
das Kupfer, des -s copper
die Kuppel, -n arched (tree)top
kurz, kürzer, der kürzeste short, brief; kurz,... in short (in a word),...
kürzlich lately, not long ago (before), (just) recently [referring to a time more recent than that indicated by neulich]
der Kŭß, Küsse kiss
küssen kiss
küßte see küssen
die Kutsche, -n coach, carriage
der Kutscher coachman, driver
die Kutte, -n cowl, frock
der Kyffhäuser [kĭf⸗] the Kyffhäuser, a forest-clad hill in Thuringia, in the depths of which Emperor Frederick Barbarossa is said to be awaiting the hour of deliverance
der Kyffhäuserberg = Kyffhäuser
L.
lāben refresh; sich an etwas [dat.] laben regale one’s self with...
lächeln smile
lăchen laugh
das Lăchen, des -s laughing, laughter
lächerlich ludicrous, ridiculous
Lächerliches ludicrous, ridiculous [Cf. Besonderes.]
lāden, lädt, lūd, gelāden load
lāden, lādet or lǟdt, lud or lādete, gelāden [originally a weak verb; cf. the alternative weak forms still found in the pres. and past] invite
lāg see liegen
die Lāge situation; exposure
das Lāger couch, bed
lahm lame
der Lăkai´, -en lackey, footman
die Lampe, -n lamp
der Lampenhändler lamp dealer
das Lämplein little lamp; das ewige Lämplein the (little) “eternal lamp”
das Land, ̶̈ er [individually, but collectively = districts Lande; cf. Wort] land; country; über Land across the country; away from home
die Länderei´, -en estate, (landed) property
der Landesfürst, -en sovereign, ruler of the country
die Landesgrenze, -n border (of the state or country)
das Landhaus, ⸗häuser [⸗nt⸗] country house, villa
die Landkarte, -n [⸗nt⸗] (geographical) map
die Landleute [⸗nt⸗] see Landmann
der Landmann, -(e)s, Landleute [⸗nt⸗] peasant, countryman
die Landratte, -n [⸗nt⸗] (land) rat; landsman, landlubber
die Landschaft, -en [⸗nt⸗] landscape
Landsleute [⸗nts⸗] see Landsmann
der Landsmann, -(e)s, Landsleute [⸗nts⸗] (fellow) countryman, compatriot
die Landstraße, -n [⸗nt⸗] highway, road
der Landstreicher [⸗nt⸗] vagrant, tramp
das Landvolk, des -(e)s [⸗nt⸗] country people (folk); peasants
der Landwein, -e [⸗nt⸗] homegrown wine
lăng, länger, der längste [ng as in singer] long; see also lange
lănge [or, after an acc. expressing duration, lăng] adv. long [of time only]; eine Stunde lang for an hour; mein Leben lang my (whole) life long; noch nicht lange saßen sie da, so sahen sie... they hadn’t been sitting there very long when (before) they saw... [cf. währen]; (for) a long time [often reënforced by schon]; hatte schon lange gewünscht had been wishing for a long time (now or already)
die Länge, -n length
länger comp. of lang or lange; vor längerer Zeit [rather (yet not really) a long time ago, i.e.,] some little time ago, quite a while ago [The comparative is often used (cf. elderly in English) to express a moderate degree that falls short of the pos.]
der Lăngfing(e)rige, -n the lightfingered fellow, thief
der Lănggeöhrte, -n long-eared chap; Bre’r Longears
lăng′gezō´gen long-drawn, prolonged
lăngsām slow; leisurely
längst long since, long ago
lăngweilen bore; sich langweilen feel bored, have a dull time of it
der Lappen piece of cloth, rag
der Lärm, des -(e)s noise, din; alarm; Lärm schlagen sound the alarm; raise a racket
lās see lesen
lăß imper. sg. of lassen
lassen, lä̆ßt, ließ, gelassen (or, when preceded by a dependent infin., usually lassen) let; allow or cause someone or something [acc.] to do a thing; er ließ mich (den Diener) dem Manne den Korb reichen he let, had, or made me (the servant) hand the basket to the man; 41, 21 er ließ dem Manne den Korb reichen (he let or had someone [not specifically mentioned] hand the basket to the man, i.e.,) he had the basket handed to the man [cf. French faire]; 81, 16 ließ sich... ein alter Graben erkennen... an old ditch [let the observer recognize it, i.e.,] could be made out; leave; ich ließ den Regenschirm in der Ecke stehen (cf. 74, 17) I left my umbrella standing in the corner; 41, 16 let go, part with, sell
lăßt see lassen
lä̆ßt see lassen
die Last, -en load, burden
das Lātern´chen [⸗er⸗ as in ferry] little lantern
die Lăter´ne, -n [⸗er⸗ as in ferry] lantern
das Laub, des -(e)s foliage, leaves
der Laubengang, ⸗gänge arbored walk, shaded (shady) walk
der Laubfrosch, ⸗frösche [laup⸗] tree toad
das Laubwerk, des -(e)s [laup⸗] = Laub foliage
die Lauer ambush, lookout; sich auf die Lauer legen (go to) lie in wait (to see what will happen)
der Lauf, des -(e)s course
laufen, läuft, lief, ist gelaufen run [Cf. rennen.]
läufst 2nd pers. sg. pres. ind. of laufen
läuft see laufen
die Laune, -n humor, temper
lauschen listen intently (to dat., or auf + acc.)
laut loud; aloud
lauten sound; run; be worded
läuten ring [tr. or intr.]
lauter [invariable] = nichts als mere(ly), nothing but
mein lēbelang = mein Leben lang see lange
leben, be alive
das Leben life; das Leben lassen lay down (lose) one’s life
das Le´bensēlixier´, -e [-ens, NOT -enz] elixir of life
die Le´bensgefähr´tin, -nen [-ens, NOT -enz] (female) companion for life, wife
der Lebenslauf, ⸗läufe [-ens, NOT -enz] (earthly) career
das Lebenslicht, -er [-ens, NOT -enz] candle of life, taper
der Le´bensun´terhalt, des -(e)s [-ens, NOT -enz] support, living
lēblōs [b = p] lifeless, inanimate, dead
lechzen be parched with thirst
lechzend parched and lolling (out for thirst)
lēdern (made of) leather
leer empty, destitute, deserted
leeren empty (out)
legen, legte, gelegt lay, laid, laid; sich legen lie down (flat); sich aufs Bitten legen resort to entreaty
das Lēgītīmātiōns´păpier´, -e [⸗māziōns´⸗ (-ns, NOT -nz); păpier with two syllables] (paper furnishing) proof of identity, passport
der Lehmboden, des -s clay soil
die Lehmhütte, -n clay-chinked hovel
lehnen lean
der Lehnstuhl, ⸗stühle armchair, easy-chair
lehren teach [acc. of the person and acc. (or infin. without zu) of the thing taught]; sie lehrt mich stricken she is teaching me to knit [Cf. lernen.]
der Lehrer (man) teacher
die Lehrerin, -nen (woman) teacher
der Leib, -er body
das Leib´gericht´, -e [līp-] = Lieblingsgericht favorite dish
leibhaftig [b = p] incarnate, bodily, in person, personified; leibhaftig vor Augen (stehen) (see) staring one in the face
leicht easy, light, slight; skillful; adv. easily, readily, likely
leichtfüßig light-footed
leicht′geflü´gelt light-winged
leiden, litt, gelitten suffer (with some disease an + dat.; from, i.e., in consequence of, certain circumstances unter + dat.); den Opfertod (er)leiden lay down one’s life
leider alas! unfortunately, sad to say
leidlich [leit⸗] tolerable; [adv., also] fairly
leihen, lieh, geliehen lend
der Leinwandbeutel [⸗nt⸗] linen bag
Leipzig [z = ts] Leipzig, after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich the largest city of Germany, in the kingdom of Saxony; seat of the third largest German university (1913, 6000 students), founded in 1409; principal seat of the publishing trade in Germany
leise [drops the second e before the e of an inflectional syllable] soft, noiseless, gentle; low, hardly audible; hardly perceptible
leiser see leise
leisten perform; render [service]
die Leistung, -en performance
die Leiter, -n ladder
lenken turn, direct; die Aufmerksamkeit auf sich lenken attract (people’s) attention
lernen learn; ich lerne stricken I am learning to knit [Cf. lehren.]
lēsen, liest, lās, gelēsen read; decipher, make out
das Lēsestück, -e selection for reading
letzte, der, die, das last, extreme; in der letzten Zeit lately, of late, recently; shortly before one’s death
der letztere [or, often, without the def. art., letzterer] the latter
leuchten shine, beam, glisten; light the path
Leut’ = Leute
die Leutchen [pl. only] good people (folk) [Cf. Krebslein.]
die Leute [pl. only] people, persons, folk(s); servants, (hired) help (hands)
das Licht, -er [lights, but -e candles] light; candle
das Lichtchen little (tiny) light
lieb dear, precious; agreeable, pleasant; der liebe Gott the (good) Lord; das ist mir lieb(er als...) that pleases me (better than...)
lieben love
lieber comp. of lieb; [when used as comp. of gern] rather, by preference
der Liebesdienst, -e good office
die Liebesgābe, -n (charitable) gift
liebgewinnen, gewann (usually gewönne) lieb´, liebgewonnen [b = p] come to like (love)
liebgewonnen see liebgewinnen
lieblich, [b = p] pleasant, lovely, charming, sweet
das Lieb′lingsgericht´, -e [b = p; -ings, NOT -ingz] = Leibgericht favorite dish (food)
das Lieblingspfērd, -e [b = p; -ings, NOT -ingz] favorite horse
liebste, der, die, das [b = p] superl. of lieb
am liebsten [b = p] superl. of the pred. adj. or the adv. lieb; [used as superl. of gern] most gladly; like best to (do the thing expressed by the verb); see gern
das Lied, -er song
lief see laufen
liegen, lāg, gelēgen lie, lay, lain; be situated
lie´genbleiben, blieb lie´gen, ist lie´gengeblieben remain lying, be left lying
ließ see lassen
die Linde, -n linden (tree)
der Lindenbaum, ⸗bäume linden tree
die Lindenlaube, -n linden arbor
Lindow [ow as in know] Lindow [a surname, pronounced as in German]
link left
die Linke, [gen. and dat. sg.] -n left (side, hand)
links on (at) the left (hand or side); (to) the left
die Lippe, -n lip
die List, -en cunning, craft(iness); ruse, trick
listig cunning, crafty
litt see leiden
das Lōb, des -(e)s praise
lōb’ = lobe
lōben praise, commend; da lobe ich mir...! that’s what I like! that’s the thing for me!
das Loch, ̶̈ er hole
locker gay
der Lohn [ ̶̈ e in sense fees, wages] reward; pay
Lŏndŏn London
lōs loose, free; los! (one, two, three,) go! “here goes!”; der Unfug ist los the mischief starts
lōs sep. pref. [expressing 1. direction, continuation, or intensity of action, 2. release] away; loose
das Lōs, Lose lot, destiny, fate
löschen extinguish; quench
lōsdreschen, drischt los´, drosch (or drasch; past subj. drösche) los´, losgedroschen thresh (thrash) away or hard
Lose see Los
lösen loosen, disentangle, release; obtain [by exchange or sale]
lōsfiedeln, fiedelte los´, losgefiedelt fiddle (scrape) away
lōsgehen, ging los´, ist losgegangen commence; fly at; gerade auf einen losgehen go (walk) straight up to a person
lōshämmern, hämmerte los´, losgehämmert hammer or pound away (at auf + acc.)
lōslassen, lä̆ßt los´, ließ los´ losgelassen release, set free, let one go; let go (of)
lōsmachen, machte los´, losgemacht unfasten, untie
lōspeitschen, peitschte los´, losgepeitscht whip away (at auf + acc.)
drauf lōsreden, redete los´, losgeredet talk on and on (at random)
lōsgeschlāgen, schlǟgt los´, schlūg los´, losgeschlāgen strike (pound, hit) away (at auf + acc.)
lōsschmieden, schmiedete los´, losgeschmiedet hammer away (at auf + acc.)
lōsschreiben, schrieb los´, losgeschrieben write away (carelessly)
die Lücke, -n gap, crack
lūd see laden or einladen
die Luft, ̶̈ e air
die Luftblāse, -n (air) bubble
lüften lift, raise
lūgen peer, strain one’s eyes
der Lump, -e or -en [lo͝omp] good for nothing fellow
das Lum´pengesin´del pack of ragamuffins (good for naughts)
die Lunge, -n [lo͝ong-] lung, the lungs
die Lust, ̶̈ e [lo͝ost; pl. only in sense evil passions] desire, inclination (for zu); ich hätte Lust, das zu tun I should like to do that (so); wenn er Lust hat if he feels like it (takes the notion); pleasure, delight, joy; es ist eine wahre Lust, sie zu sehen it does one’s heart good to see them
lustig [lo͝ost-] merry, jolly
M.
mach´ = mache
machen make, do; see to it that (daß), hasten to (daß); play, act; wie machen wir’s? how shall we manage (arrange) it? was war da zu machen? what was to be done in such a case? das macht die Sonne, or, daß die Sonne scheint that is because of the sun or because the sun is shining; ich machte mir im Garten zu tun I busied myself in the garden; er machte Frankfurt zum Endziel... he made Frankfort the extreme goal... [After machen the factitive object is expressed by zu + dat. rather than by a second acc. as in English.]
machen’s = machen es
mächtig mighty, immense, huge, large
das Mädchen [mǟt⸗] girl
das Mädchenkleid, -er [mǟt⸗] girl’s dress; pl. dresses of the girls
māg see mögen
die Māgd, ̶̈ e maid(servant)
mager lean, thin
magern = mager werden see abmagern
mahlen, mahlte, gemahlen grind
die Mahlzeit, -en meal, repast; seine Mahlzeit halten take (eat) one’s dinner (a meal)
mahnen urge
der Main the Main, a tributary of the Rhine
die Mājestǟt´, -en [j = y] majesty; [in titles] Majesty
māl see einmal
das Māl, -e time [= instance, occasion; cf. French la fois]; mit einem Male all at once, all of a sudden; all at the same time
man [nom. sg. only; cf. on in French] one, somebody, a person (body), “you”; “they,” people [N.B. A sentence with man is often best rendered by the passive.]
mancher, manche, manches many a, [pl.] some, many [not all]; subst. many a man (woman, thing) [manch refers to individual units, viel to quantity; the latter is contrasted with wenig, the former with all.]
man´cherlei´ [invariable] adj. various, different
manchmāl many a time, many times, often, frequently; sometimes
das Mandelauge, -s, -n almond-shaped eye
der Mangel, ̶̈ lack, want, scarcity (of an + dat.); defect
der Mann, ̶̈ er man; husband
das Männchen little man
das Männlein little man
männlich masculine, manly
der Mantel, ̶̈ cloak
das Märchen fairy tale; story
die Mǟr(e), -n old tale (story, tradition)
Mārie´ Mary
die Mark [pl. Mark, of a lump sum; Markstücke, of individual coins] mark [The monetary unit of the German Empire; = $.24; abbreviated ℳ without a period.]
der Markt, ̶̈ e market, fair
der Mărstăll, -ställe (royal or) princely stables
die Märznacht, -nächte March night
die Măsche, -n mesh
māß see messen
die Masse, -n mass; substance
der Mātrō´se, -n sailor, seaman
matt dim, feeble, faint
Matthī´as Matthew, Matthias
die Mauer, -n wall [of a building or city]
der Mauerrest, -e remnant (pl., also remains) of a wall
das Maul, Mäuler mouth [of an animal]
die Maus, Mäuse mouse
das Mauseloch, ⸗löcher [in pl., ch as in ich] mousehole
der Maushund, -e mouse dog [in humorous or sarcastic reference to a cat]
das Meer, -e sea, ocean
das Mehl, des -(e)s meal, flour
mehr [invariable] comp. of viel more; [after a negative also] (any) more, again, (any) longer, left
mehrere [declined like the pl. of dieser] several
meiden, mied, gemieden shun, avoid; abstain from
die Meile, -n mile [= about 4.6 miles in the United States]
mein, meine, mein my
meinen think [be of the opinion]; [also, express the opinion] remark; mean, refer to
meiner gen. sg. of ich of me
um meinetwillen on my account (behalf)
meist mostly, generally, for the most part
meiste, der, die, das superl. of viel most
die Meister master [of his craft; a workman who has the right to employ journeymen and apprentices]
die Meisterhand, =hände master(’s) hand
melden state, report, announce; inform (one [dat.])
melken, melkt (less usually, milkt), melkte (less usually, molk), gemelkt or gemolken (but ONLY frisch gemolkene Milch milk just from the cow) milk
die Mēlōdie´, -n [pl. four syllables] melody, air, tune
die Menge, -n (large) quantity (number); crowd
der Mensch, -en man [as distinguished from animals or supernatural beings], human being, [pl., also] people; fellow
die Menschenkraft, ⸗kräfte hand power
die Menschenmasse, -n crowd of people
die Menschenseele, -n human soul
merken perceive, notice, observe; mark, remember, (bear in) mind; genau auf etwas [acc.] merken pay close attention to a thing; sich [dat.] etwas merken impress a thing on one’s memory
Merkendorf Merkendorf, a little Bavarian town, not far from the river Altmühl
Merkendorfer adj. (of) Merkendorf [Cf. Emdener.]
messen, mĭßt, māß, gemessen measure; eye, scan, take in
messingen [ng as in singer] (of) brass
Meyer Meyer [a surname, pronounced as in German]
mich acc. sg. of ich
die Miene, -n air, look, expression
die Milch milk
mĭld mild, gentle; charitable
mĭldern soften; lessen (the force of)
der Mīnĭ´ster cabinet officer, prime minister
die Mīnū´te, -n minute
mīr dat. sg. of ich [Often used to indicate interest or concern on the part of the speaker; in this case rendered by some such phrase as] I want you to..., be sure you..., etc.; sei mir still be still, will (won’t) you?
mīr’s colloqu. contraction of mir es, used for es mir
mĭßglü´cken, mißglück´te, ist mißglückt´ miscarry, fail
mĭßlin´gen, mißlang´, ist mißlun´gen not succeed, fail, fall through
mĭßtrauisch suspicious, distrustful
der Mĭßwachs, des ⸗wachses [chs = ks] poor harvest (crop), failure of (the) crops
mĭt prep. [dat.] with
mĭt adv. also, likewise
mĭt sep. pref. [expressing 1. participation, 2. coöperation, 3. simultaneousness; merely the prep. mit without its object] along (with), together with; join in [the action expressed by the verb]
mĭtbringen, brăchte (past subj. brächte) mit´, mitgebrăcht bring (along, with one)
mĭt´einan´der with one another (each other), (taken) together; das alles miteinander all those things together
mĭtfechten, ficht mit´, focht mit´, mitgefochten bear one’s part in a battle
mĭtgebrăcht see mitbringen
mĭtgefochten see mitfechten
mĭtkommen, kām mit´, ist mitgekommen come along (with)
das Mĭtleid, des Mitleid(e)s pity, sympathy
mĭtmachen, machte mit´, mitgemacht participate (share, join) in
der Mĭtmensch, -en fellow man (being, creature)
mĭtmüssen, mŭß mit´, mŭßte (past subj. mü̆ßte) mit´, mitgemŭßt must (have to) go along too [Cf. last note on wollen.]
mĭtnehmen, nimmt mit´, nahm mit´, mitgenommen take along (with one)
mĭtnich´ten by no means, not at all
mĭtsamt´ [dat.] together with
mĭtschleppen, schleppte mit´, mitgeschleppt drag (lug) along (around) with one
mĭtsingen, sang mit´, mitgesungen [-zing-] join in singing
der Mĭttāg, -e noon, midday; zu Mittag for dinner; am hellen Mittag at noon, in broad daylight
das Mĭttāgessen dinner
die Mĭttāg(s)stunde (hour of) noon
mĭttanzen, tanzte mit´, mitgetanzt join in the dancing
die Mĭtte, -n middle, center
das Mĭttel means; [pl.] resources, funds
mĭttels [-els, NOT -elz] by means of [gen.]
mĭtten adv. in(to) the middle (of an, auf, in, unter [acc. if direction is expressed, otherwise the dat.])
mĭtt´lerwei´le (in the) meanwhile, all the (this) while
mochte see mögen
möchte see mögen
mȫgen, māg, mochte (past subj. möchte), gemocht (or, if preceded by a dependent infin., mögen) [conceding possibility] may; [but more usually expressing inclination, liking, or preference] like, care to, be glad to; [less brusque than the imper.] may, will please (be so kind as to); er mochte wohl... liegen he probably was lying...
mȫglich possible
der Mohr, -en negro
der Mŏk′kākaf´fee, des -s Mocha coffee
mollig [colloqu.] pleasant, comfortable, snug and cosy
der Mōnat, Mō´nate month
der Mönchswald, des -(e)s the Monk´s Wood
der Mōnd, -e moon
mōndhell [⸗nt⸗] moonlight
das Moor, -e bog, swamp, marsh
das Moos, Moose moss
Moosbach Mossbrook [name of an imaginary place]
die Mōrāl´ moral, application
morgen to-morrow
der Morgen morning; eines Morgens one morning [Cf. Tag.]
der Morgen [approximately an] acre [Cf. Sack.]
das Morgenland, des -(e)s land of the East, Orient
die Morgensonne morning sun
müde weary, tired (of gen. or acc.)
die Mühe, -n [pl. is rare] trouble, difficulty; effort, exertion; sich Mühe geben take pains
sich mühen toil, struggle
die Mühle, -n (grist)mill
das Mühlenwehr, -e milldam
der Mühlstein, -e millstone
mühselig [if emphatic, müh´se´lig] laborious; full of trouble, wretched
der Müller miller
der Müller⸗ 65,17 = Müllergesell(e) [Cf. Ober⸗]
der Müllergesell(e), ⸗gesellen journeyman miller
der Mund, -e or ̶̈ e(r) mouth; reinen Mund halten keep mum, not tell a soul, keep one’s mouth shut
die Münze, -n coin
die Mūsīk´ [mo̅o̅-] music
mūsīkā´lisch [mo̅o̅-] musical; fond of music
der Mūsīkant´, -en [mo̅o̅-] (strolling) musician, (street) fiddler
mŭß see müssen
müssen, mŭß, mŭßte (past subj. mü̆ßte), gemŭßt (or, if preceded by a dependent infin., müssen) [müssen expresses physical or moral compulsion, or necessity] must, be obliged (forced, compelled) to, have to; ich mußte weinen I had to cry, I couldn’t help crying [Cf. last note on wollen.]
mŭßt 2nd pers. sg. pres. ind. of müssen
mü̆ßt see müssen
mŭßte see müssen
mü̆ßte see müssen
der Musterbaum, ⸗bäume model tree, garden tree
der Mūt, des Mut(e)s courage; mood, frame of mind
die Mutter, ̶̈ mother; die Mutter Gottes Our Blessed Lady, the (Holy) Virgin (Mary), the Madonna
die Mütze, -n cap
der Mynheer, -s, -s [mĭnhēr´] facetious substitute for Holländer Dutchman
N.
nă well,...; well then,...; now then,...
nāch prep. [dat.] after; [direction, motion, or effort] to, toward, for, at [always used before names of countries or cities with intr. verbs expressing motion]; [manner or measure] according to
nāch sep. pref. [expressing pursuit or following of an object in the dat.] after
der Nachbār, -s or -n, -n neighbor [man]
die Nachbārin, -nen neighbor’s wife, woman next door
nāchdēm´ [always followed by transposition] after
nāchdenklich thoughtful, reflective, meditative, grave, serious, critical
nāchgeben, gibt nach´, gāb nach´, nachgegeben give (way), yield, bend
nāchgehen, ging nach´, ist nachgegangen follow (after)
nāchhēr´ [for contrast, nāch´hēr] after that, afterward; then, subsequently; later (on)
nāchlässig negligent, careless
der Nāchmittāg, -e afternoon
die Nāchmittāgstunde, -n hour in the afternoon
nāchsehen, sieht nach´, sah nach´, nachgesehen [dat.] gaze after, follow with one’s eyes
nǟchste, der, die, das [ch as in ich] superl. of nah nearest, next; nächster Tage one of these days, shortly
nāchsteigen, stieg nach´, ist nachgestiegen [dat.] climb after
die Nacht, ̶̈ e night
nacht (in the) night [used in adv. phrases after gestern, heute, morgen, or the name of a day]
das Nachtlāger night’s rest; night’s lodging
nächtlich nocturnal
nächtlings [-s, NOT -z] by night
nachts at (by, during the) night
nackt naked, bare; without covers
nadeln ply the needle
nah, näher, der nǟchste [ch as in ich] near, close [dat.]; nah(e) an close to
nahe [pred. adj., or adv.] = nah
die Nähe nearness; vicinity, neighborhood; in der Nähe (+ gen.) close by, near; in unserer Nähe near us
nähen sew
näher comp. of nah
sich nähern [ich nähere] come nearer (closer), approach [dat.]
nahm see nehmen
die Nahrung, -en food, nourishment
der Name, -ns, [dat. and acc. sg. and all cases of the pl.] -n or
der Namen, name; in Gottes Namen just as you like, for aught (all) I care, well and good, for heaven’s sake; heaven help me (us)! here goes!
namens [-ens, NOT -enz] by the name of, named
die Namensunterschrift, -en [-ens, NOT -enz] signature
nǟmlich [always adding an explanation necessary to complete understanding of the situation] namely; that is (to say); you see; you must know (understand); the fact is (that); what he did was (to)...
nannte see nennen
der Napfkūchen poundcake
Napō´lēŏn [Avoid English or French pronunciation!] Napoleon I (1769–1821)
die Narbe, -n scar, gash
närrisch foolish; odd, crazy
die Nāse, -n nose
năß, nässer or nasser, der nässeste or nasseste wet; damp, moist
die National´hymne, -n [nāzĭōnāl´hü̆mne] national anthem
die Nātūr´, -en nature; in die freie Natur heraus out into the open country; von Natur by nature, naturally
der Nātūr´⸗ 90, 2 = Naturfreund [Cf. Ober⸗]
der Nātūr´freund, -e lover of nature
nātǖr´lich natural; [adv.] naturally, (as a matter) of course
der Nēbel mist, (sea) fog
nēben [dat. in answer to the question: at what place? acc. in answer to the question: whither?] by (at) the side of, beside
nebst [nēpst] besides, (together) with
nehmen, nimmt, nahm, genommen take (from dat.); den Schwanz zwischen die Beine nehmen tuck...; das Wort nehmen see ergreifen; Woher dies alles nehmen? Where was I to get all this?
der Neid, des -(e)s envy; jealousy
neidisch envious, jealous (of auf + acc.)
neigen incline (to zu)
nein no
nennen, nannte (past subj. nennte), genannt name, call (by bei); das nenne ich laufen that’s what I call running [nennen requires the acc. of the pers. and (unless bei is used) also of the name given; in the passive both the pers. and the name given stand in the nom.]
das Nest, -er nest; (wretched) hole, (small,) insignificant place
das Netz, -e net, fishing net
neu new, fresh; aufs neue anew, afresh, once more; von neuem = aufs neue
das Neue, des -n the (that which is) new; innovation
die Neuerung, -en innovation, (recent) change
Neues new thing, what is new [Cf. Besonderes.]
die Neugier curiosity
neugierig inquisitive, curious
das Neujahr, -e New Year(’s Day)
neulich recently, lately; the other day
nicht not [If nicht modifies only one element of the sentence, it immediately precedes this; if it modifies the whole pred., it stands as near the end as may be, but invariably precedes a sep. pref. or the infin. or past part. of a compound tense, and regularly precedes a pred. noun or adj. or an adv. phrase of place or manner.]
nichts [invariable] nothing, not anything (but als)
nicken nod; mit dem Kopfe nicken nod one’s head
nie never (at any time)
nieder sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion downward] down
niederbeugen, beugte nie´der, niedergebeugt bend (bow) down
niederdrehen, drehte nie´der, niedergedreht turn down
niederfallen, fällt nie´der, fiel nie´der, ist niedergefallen fall (drop) down (to the ground)
niedergeschlāgen participial adj. dejected, cast down, “down in the mouth”
niederknie(e)n, kniete nie´der, ist niedergekniet kneel down
niederlassen, lä̆ßt nie´der, ließ nie´der, niedergelassen let down, lower; sich niederlassen sit (settle) down
niederlegen, legte nie´der, niedergelegt lay down; sich niederlegen go to bed, lie down
niederschlāgen, schlǟgt nie´der, schlūg nie´der, niedergeschlāgen depress, grieve, discourage
niedrig low
niemāls [-ls, NOT -lz] never, at no time
niemand [gen. niemand(e)s, dat. niemand(em), acc. niemand(en); no pl.] nobody, no one, none
niesen sneeze [Cf. Job xli, 18, A. V.]
nimm imper. sg. of nehmen
nim′mermehr´ never (at all), not now or ever
das Nimmerwie´dersehen, des -s; auf Nimmerwiedersehen never to meet again, never to be seen again; “farewell forever!”
nippen sip (acc. or an + dat.)
nirgends [⸗nts] nowhere, not anywhere
die Nixe, -n nixie
noch adv. still, yet, even; as yet; as late as, no longer ago than; any more, from now on; as late as all this (that), late as it is (was); often = before the occurrence of something expressed or implied in the context, e.g., before setting out, going to bed, etc.; noch heute this very day; besides, in addition (to that); noch ein´mal once more; noch kein not yet a(ny); noch nicht (nie) not yet, never before (yet); noch heute nicht not to this day; wie lange noch how much longer
noch conj. nor; weder... noch ... neither... nor...
der Norden, des -s north [In German the def. art. is omitted before the names of the points of the compass in adv. phrases expressing direction.]
der Nordwest´, des -es [nŏrtvest´] northwest [Cf. Norden.]
normāl´ normal, regular
die Nōt, ̶̈ e need, want, distress; trouble, danger, difficulty; mit knapper Not with great difficulty, only just, barely, by a hair’s breadth, in the nick of time
nōt tun [impers.] be needful (necessary)
nötig needful, necessary, essential
das Nötige, des -n that which is necessary (needful, essential)
nötigen urge; compel; sich nötigen lassen [make people urge one =] have to be urged, wait to be urged
nōtwendig [also nōtwen´dig] necessary, essential; etwas notwendig brauchen need a thing urgently
nūn adv. now [because of, or after, what has happened, under these circumstances]; so saß ich nun dort so then I was sitting there; [at the beginning of the sentence, set off by a comma, and without effect on the order of words] well
nūn conj. [always followed by transposition] = da... nun now that
nūn´meh´rig present, now living
nūr only, but, simply, barely, just; [generalizing] ever; so weit wie nur möglich as far as (ever is) possible; was nur der Minister denkt! what in the world is the prime minister thinking of!
Nürnberg Nuremberg, an important industrial city of Bavaria, with numerous buildings and works of art that date back three to six centuries
die Nŭßschāle, -n nutshell
nütze pred. adj. useful (for zu)
der Nutzen, des -s profit, advantage; aus etwas Nutzen ziehen derive advantage from (profit by) a thing
O.
o [or, when immediately followed by a comma or an exclamation point, oh] O, oh; o ja! oh yes! o nein! oh no!
ob [ŏp] (to see) whether; if [always followed by transposition]; als ob as if, as though [+ subj.]
oben above; overhead; aloft; at the top (mouth); up (here, there); bis oben up to the top; nach oben up(ward)
der Ober⸗ 29, 3 = der Obersee When two successive compounds have the same final component, this is frequently printed only in the second word, its omission in the first word being indicated by the hyphen.
der Obersee, des -s Upper Lake
oberste, der, die, das highest; chief, head [armorer, etc.]
obgleich´ [ŏp⸗] although [always followed by transposition. A following independent clause is regularly introduced by so and reënforced by doch nevertheless.]
ob’s [ŏps] = ob es
obschon´ [ŏp⸗] = obgleich (al-)though [always followed by transposition]; obschon Ihr ein großer Herr seid great lord as (though) you are
das Obst, des -es [ōpst] fruit
obwohl´ [ŏp⸗] = obgleich although [always followed by transposition]
ōder [without effect on the order of words] or
der Ōfen, ̶̈ stove; oven
offen open
öffentlich public
öffnen open; sich öffnen open; look out (on auf + acc.)
die Öffnung, -en opening
oft, öfter, am öftesten often, frequently, many times
öfters [-rs, NOT -rz] (rather, pretty) often or frequently, repeatedly
oftmāls [-ls, NOT -lz] = oft often(times), frequently, repeatedly
oh see o
ohne [acc.] without; er ritt fort, ohne mich zu bezahlen (or ohne daß er mich bezahlte) he rode away without paying me; but ONLY er ritt fort, ohne daß ich ihn bezahlte he rode away without my paying him
die Ohnmacht, -en faint(ing fit), swoon
das Ohr, -(e)s, -en ear
das Ȫl, -e oil
das Ȫlfläschchen little oil flask
die Ȫllampe, -n oil lamp
der Onkel uncle
das Opfer sacrifice
der Opfertōd, des -(e)s sacrificial death
ordentlich decent, respectable, proper, good; regular, real; [adv.] actually, positively, with a vengeance
der Orgelmann, ⸗männer organ grinder, hand-organ man
der Ort, -e [occasionally ̶̈ er] place, spot
die Ortschaft, -en (inhabited) place, village, township
der Ŏsten, des -s east [Cf. Norden.]
ȫsterreichisch Austrian
Ŏst´fries´land [-sl-, NOT -zl-] East Friesland, a district on the North Sea at the extreme northwestern corner of Germany; 1810–1815 under French rule
P.
ein paar [neither ein nor paar is infl. in this phrase] = einige a few, “a couple of”
das Paar, -e pair [Cf. Sack.]
packen pack, load, hoist;; sich packen pack off;; packt euch! be off! clear out!
Palmberger [pronounce the l !] Palmberger [a surname]
das Păpier´ [two syllables], -e (piece of) paper; [pl.] papers, documents, passport
der Păpier´schirm [three syllables], -e paper (lamp)shade
Parīs´ [-rēs] Paris
der Park, -e park
passen suit, fit, apply (to auf + acc.) [intr.], be suitable (convenient); das paßt that’s just the thing; see also aufpassen
passie´ren [ist passiert´] happen, occur, take place; befall (one dat.)
passiert´ see passieren
păßt(e) see passen
der Pastŏr, -s, Pastō´ren pastor, minister; vicar
der Pate, -n godfather; godson
das Pa′tengeschenk´, -e (godparent’s) christening gift
Paul [rhymes with owl] Paul
das Pech, des Pech(e)s pitch
die Pensĭōn´, -en [e as in French en, s like English z (or s)] pension; boarding house
Pēter [Avoid English pronunciation!] Peter
das Pētrō´lēum, des -s [Rosegger says that at first the word was accented on the third syllable] petroleum; kerosene
die Pētrō´lēumlampe, -n oil (kerosene) lamp
Pētrus [the apostle] Peter
der Pfahl, ̶̈ e stake, post, picket
die Pfanne, -n pan
der Pfarrer parson, minister, pastor
die Pfeife, -n pipe
das Pfeifen, des -s whistling
der Pfeifenkopf, ⸗köpfe bowl (of a pipe)
der Pfeil, -e arrow
das Pfērd, -e horse
der Pfērdefūß, ⸗füße horse’s foot (hoof)
das Pfingsten, des -s (also fem.) Whitsuntide, Pentecost
die Pfirsich, -e or
der Pfirsich, -e or
die Pfirsiche, -n peach
pflanzen plant
das Pflaster pavement
die Pflaume, -n plum, prune
die Pflege care, attention
pflegen [with zu + infin.] be accustomed (to), be in the habit (of)
die Pflicht, -en duty
der Pflock, ̶̈ e peg
der Pflūg, ̶̈ e plow
das Pfund, -e pound; auf ein Pfund gehen nur acht it takes only eight to make a pound [Cf. Fuß.]
der Pilz, -e toadstool, mushroom
der Pips, des Pipses pip
die Pistō´le, -n pistol
die Plackerei´, -en drudgery
plāgen plague, harass, trouble, torment, worry
der Plān, ̶̈ e plan, scheme
die Planke, -n plank, (thick) board
der Platz, ̶̈ e place; spot; room; Platz nehmen take a seat, sit down; Platz da! make room there! stand aside!
das Plätzchen small (little, snug, cosy) place, spot, or seat
plaudern chat
plötzlich sudden; [adv., also] all of a sudden
plündern plunder, pillage
pochen knock, rap; es pocht there is a knock, somebody is knocking
das Pochen, des -s knocking, pounding, thumping
pōlī´tisch political
das Pōlīzei´amt, -ämter police station
possier´lich droll
die Pŏst, -en stagecoach; post; mail; mit der Post by post (mail)
der Pŏsten sentry
prächtig splendid, magnificent, glorious
der Prāter the Prater [pronounced as in German!], a large park in the suburbs of Vienna, extending some three miles along the Danube
der Preis, Preise price
preisen, pries, gepriesen praise, sing the praises of
pries see preisen
priesen see preisen
die Prinzes´sin, -nen princess
der Pūdel poodle
der Puls, Pulse pulse (beat)
putzen clean; decorate, adorn, dress, deck out
Q.
die Quāl, -en (intense) pain; torture, agony
quälen torment; pester, harass, plague
quellen, quillt, quoll, ist gequollen well, flow
quoll see quellen
R.
der Rābe, -n raven
rābenschwarz; raven black, jet-black
rächen avenge; sich rächen revenge one’s self, take revenge, wreak vengeance (upon an + dat.)
der Rahmen (window) frame
der Rand, ̶̈ er edge, rim, brim; bis oben an den Rand clear up to the top [of a sack] or the brim [of a cup]
rannte see rennen
der Ranzen knapsack
rār rare; exquisite
rasch quick, prompt, rapid
rascheln rustle
rāsen [ist gerāst] rush madly
der Rāsen sod, turf
rāsend furious, mad, frantic
die Rāsenfläche, -n grassplot, lawn
rasten [stop and] rest [and (usually) then resume]
der Rāt, [ ̶̈ e, for which is usually substituted] Rātschlǟge counsel, (piece of) advice
rāten, rǟt, riet, gerāten advise (one dat. to zu)
der Rātgēber counselor, adviser
das Rāthaus, ⸗häuser city (town) hall
die Rāthausbrücke, -n bridge before (leading to) the city hall; City Hall Bridge
das Rātsfeld, des -(e)s council field
der Rātsherr, [gen., dat., acc. sg.] -n, -en member of the city council, alderman
der Rauch, des -(e)s smoke
rauchen smoke [tr. or intr.]
rauchlōs smokeless
rauh harsh, hoarse
der Raum, Räume space
der Rausch, Räusche (fit of) intoxication, ecstasy
rauschen [ist gerauscht when direction is expressed] swish, rustle, roar
sich räuspern clear one’s throat
rechnen calculate, reckon (up); count, depend, rely (on auf + acc.)
die Rechnung, -en account, bill
recht right [contrasted with both left and wrong]; correct; real, genuine; wie du es schmiedest, wird’s recht... it will be sure to be right; [adv., also] fully, exactly; [colloqu. = sehr; cf. colloqu. use of ‘right’] very; recht haben be right [Cf. French avoir raison]
der Rechte, -n the right man (one); the one I have been looking for (want)
die Rechte, [gen. and dat. sg.] -n right (hand, side)
rechts on (at) the right (hand or side); (to) the right
der Rechtsanwalt, ⸗wälte or ⸗walte lawyer, attorney
rechtzeitig in (the nick of) time, at the right time
recken stretch
die Rede, -n speech; words, remarks
reden speak, talk
die Redensārt, -en [-ens, NOT -enz] (mode of) expression, phrase
redlich [rēt⸗] honest, fair
der Regen rain
der Regenschirm, -e umbrella
das Regenwasser, des -s rain water
die Rēgie´rung, -en reign, rule, government
die Rēgiments´mēgǟ´re, -n regimental fury (scold)
rēgnen rain
reiben, rieb, gerieben rub
reich rich, wealthy; abundant
der Reiche; (kein) Reicher; [pl.] Reiche; die (keine) Reichen rich man; [pl.] rich (folk, people)
reichen reach; present, pass, hand, give
reichlich rich, ample, abundant
der Reichtūm, ⸗tümer riches, wealth
reif ripe
Reih’ = Reihe
die Reihe, -n row, line, rank
die Reihenfolge, -n succession, order
rein pure, clean
die Reineclaude, -n [rǟneklō´de] greengage
die Reise, -n journey, trip
reisen [ist gereist when direction is expressed] travel, journey, go; reise(n Sie) glücklich! a safe journey to you!; reise(n Sie) mit Gott! God speed you!
reißen, rĭß, [intr., ist] gerissen tear, pull, snatch; [intr.] tear, get torn, break
reiten, ritt, [when direction is expressed, ist] geritten ride [on the back of some animal]
das Reiten, des -s riding (on horseback)
der Reiter horseman, rider
reizend charming, attractive
der Rēlātiv´satz, ⸗sätze [v = f] relative clause
rennen, rannte (past subj. rennte), [when direction is expressed, ist] gerannt run, rush, race [laufen is used of animate or inanimate objects and denotes a less degree of speed than does rennen, which is used only of animate creatures.]
der Renner courser, racer
retten save
die Reue regret, repentance
Reuter (Heinrich Ludwig Christian Friedrich, known as) Fritz Reuter (1810–1874), an exceedingly popular humorist who wrote in the Low (i.e., North) German dialect. After Reuter, a native of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, had been condemned to death in 1833 on the (false) charge of plotting high treason against Prussia with certain fellow students at the University of Jena, his sentence was commuted to thirty years’ imprisonment; but in 1839 he was surrendered by Prussia to his native state and in 1840 was given his freedom.
der Rhein, des -(e)s the Rhine
der Rheinstrōm, das -(e)s the river Rhine
der Rheinwein, -e Rhine wine
der Richter judge
richtig right, correct; [adv., also] quite so; in due course; sure enough; as (he had been) told
rieb see reiben
riechen, roch, gerochen smell
rief see rufen
der Riegel bolt; bar
riegeln bolt
die Riesenfaust, ⸗fäuste giant fist
die Riesenfichte, -n giant spruce (tree)
riesig gigantic, huge
riet see raten
rings´ŭm´ [-ngs, NOT -ngz] all around; on all sides
rĭß see reißen
ritt see reiten
der Ritt, -e ride (on horseback)
roch see riechen
der Rock, ̶̈ e coat; skirt [cf. petticoat]
das Rohr, -e tube; = Schilf reed
der Rohrpfeil, -e reed arrow
rŏllen [intr.; ist gerollt when direction is expressed] roll; rumble
das Rŏllen, des -s rolling
Rosegger Peter Rosegger (1843-), a native of Styria, apprenticed as a youth to a traveling tailor, under whom he worked in the homes of the people in his mountainous native district. This experience furnished material for many of his tales.
das Rŏß, Rosse horse, steed [A somewhat choicer word than Pferd]
rōt, rȫter or rōter, der rȫteste or rōteste red
der Rōtbārt, ⸗bǟrte red beard; red-bearded man; Friedrich der Rotbart Frederick the First, called by the Italians Barbarossa, “the Redbeard” (1123–1190), who lost his life in Asia Minor in the Third Crusade
Rǖbezahl Rübezahl, a mountain sprite of the Riesengebirge (on the border between Bohemia and Silesia), benevolent toward the poor and needy, but stern and unrelenting toward the avaricious
rücken move, remove, push, draw
der Rücken back
die Rückkehr return (journey)
rücklings [-s, NOT -z] (over) backward
rückwärts (along) backward
der Rūf, -e cry, shout, call
rūfen, rief, gerūfen cry (out), exclaim, call, shout; call, summon, send for
das Rūfen, des -s shouting
die Ruhe rest, quiet; peace
ruhen rest; sleep
ruhig quiet, calm; cool (and collected)
rühmen commend, praise, speak highly (in praise) of
rühren touch, move, affect [the emotions]
rührend pres. part. of rühren
die Rührung, -en (deep) emotion
der Rük⸗ken = Rücken [ck is printed or written as k⸗k when divided at the end of a line.]
das Rumpeln, des -s thumping
rund round; plump, fat
runzeln wrinkle
rußen (produce) soot, smoke
der Rüstmeister armorer
rutschen [ist gerutscht] slide, slip; rauschen und rutschen swish and slish, rustle and slip
rütteln shake [in an effort to loosen]; an einer Tür rütteln rattle a door
S.
’s = es (or, less frequently, das)
der Saal, Säle hall, large room
der Säbel saber, cutlass
die Sache, -n thing; affair, matter; (legal) case
Sachsen [chs = ks] Saxony, the smallest of the four kingdoms among the states of the German Empire, but a densely populated and very important industrial region
der Sack, ̶̈ e sack, bag; 18, 21 die schweren Säcke Korn [After a noun of measure an unmodified noun representing the commodity measured is used as an appositive, one modified by an adj. either as an appositive or in the gen.]
saftig juicy
sāg’ = sage
die Säge, -n saw
sāgen say, tell [to be distinguished from erzählen = tell, i.e., give an account]; ... sagte ich mir I reasoned [DAT. of person to whom the remark is made, preceded by zu if the exact words of the speaker are quoted]
sah see sehen
die Salbe, -n ointment, salve
salben rub with oil (ointment, salve)
Sālōmō [zah´-] Solomon
das Salz, -e salt; Salz und Brot bread and salt
sammeln gather, collect (money for...)
der Sămstāg -e [-ms, NOT -mz] Saturday [used in southern Germany in place of Sonnabend; cf. Sonntag.]
samt [dat.] together with
der Sand, -e sand
sandig sandy
sanft gentle
sang see singen
sank see sinken
sann see sinnen
sāß see sitzen
satt satisfied; satiated, full; etwas satt haben be tired (sick) of a thing
sättigen satisfy, appease a person’s hunger
der Sattlergesell(e), ⸗gesellen journeyman saddler
der Satz, ̶̈ e sentence, clause
sauber trim, well kept; [ironical] neat, pretty, fine
sauer sour; troublesome, harassing, hard; es sauer haben have a hard time (of it)
das Sauerkraut, des -(e)s sauerkraut
sausen [ist gesaust when direction is expressed] whistle, roar, bluster, howl; whiz
das Sausen, des -s roar(ing noise) [as something passes rapidly]
der Schaden, Schadens, [dat. and acc. sg.] Schaden, [pl.] Schäden damage, harm, loss; es soll nicht (zu) dein(em) Schaden sein it shall not be (for, i.e., result in) your loss, you shall not regret (lose anything by) it; mit Schaden verkaufen sell at a loss
die Schadenfreude malicious joy [at the misfortune of others]
schaffen provide, procure, get, get ready; work
der Schaft, ̶̈ e shaft; (boot)leg
die Schāle, -n bowl, dish
die Schălmei´, -en (shepherd’s) reed (pipe)
schalt see schelten
schäm’ = schäme
sich schämen be (feel) ashamed (of gen., über + acc., or wegen); schäme dich! shame on you! for shame!
schărf, schärfer, der schärfste sharp; pointed, keen
der Schatten shade, shadow
der Schatz, ̶̈ e treasure; einen Schatz heben dig up a hidden treasure
der Schatzgräber treasure seeker
schaudern shudder; es schaudert mich or mich schaudert it makes me shudder, I shudder [Cf. note on angst.]
schauen look, peer, gaze
der Schauer shudder
der Schaum, Schäume foam; bubble; Träume sind Schäume dreams are froth (idle fancies, mere shadows)
das Schauspiel, -e scene, sight, spectacle; play
scheel squint-eyed; envious, jealous
der Scheffel bushel (measure)
die Scheibe, -n [= Fensterscheibe] windowpane
der Schein, des -(e)s (shining) light, glimmer
scheinbār seeming, apparent, ostensible
scheinen, schien, geschienen shine; seem, appear
schelten, schilt, schalt (past subj. schölte), gescholten scold, chide, revile; auf einen schelten scold (rail) at a person
der Schemel stool, low chair, bench [such as is used by shoemakers]
schenk’ = schenke
schenken give, bestow, present, make a present of
die Schere, -n (pair of) scissors (shears); claw [des Krebses]
scheu shy, timid, bashful, cautious
der Scheuerdrache, -n or
der Scheuerdrachen scrubdragon, sharp-tongued scrubwoman
die Scheune, -n barn
scheusslich dreadful; hideous, ghastly
schicken send; remit, forward
das Schicksāl, -e fate, lot
schieben, schōb, geschōben push, shove, slide [tr.]
ber Schiedsrichter [⸗iets⸗] arbiter, judge, umpire
schien see scheinen
schießen, schŏß, [intr. ist] geschossen shoot, dart; (an arrow einen Pfeil or mit einem Pfeil)
das Schiff, -e ship
der Schild, -e shield
die Schildwache, -n [-lt-] sentry
das Schilf, -e reed (grass); rush; sedge
schillern display a variety of colors
schillernd pres. part. of schillern iridescent
der Schimmel white (or grayish-white) horse
schimmern glimmer, sparkle
schinden, schund, geschunden flay, skin; overwork (and underpay), grind, sweat [one’s workmen]
der Schinken ham
ber Schirm, -e screen; shelter
die Schlacht, -en battle, fight; eine Schlacht schlagen fight a battle
schlachten kill, slaughter
der Schlāf, des -(e)s sleep
schlāfen, schlǟft, schlief, geschlāfen sleep; sich schlafen legen go to bed [Cf. Bett.]
das Schlāfengehen, des -s going to bed
der Schlāf´kamerād´, -en bedfellow [Cf. Kamerad.]
die Schlāfstätte, -n sleeping place
das Schlāfzimmer bedchamber, bedroom
der Schlāg, ̶̈ e blow, stroke; thunderbolt, thunderclap, peal of thunder; mit einem Schlage at one blow, all at once, all of a sudden
schlāgen, schlǟgt, schlūg, [in certain intr. uses ist] geschlāgen strike, beat; lash; conquer, defeat; eine Schlacht schlagen fight a battle;... schlugen an sein Ohr ... struck his ear; bang (about); strike out [with one’s fists]; um sich schlagen lay about (one)
die Schlägerei´, -en fight(ing), brawl
schlǟgt see schlagen
der Schlamm, des -(e)s mud
schlank slender
der Schlapphūt, ⸗hüte slouch hat
der Schlappschuh, -e soft house-shoe, slipper
schlau sly, artful, crafty, cunning
schlecht bad, poor [quality]; schlecht Wetter see note on jämmerlich under Ding
der Schlehbusch, ⸗büsche sloe, wild plum tree
die Schlehe, -n sloe, wild plum
schleichen, schlich, ist geschlichen sneak, slink, creep, crawl, steal [with an adv. or phrase expressing direction; cf. note on kommen]; sich schleichen = schleichen
schleifen raze, demolish
das Schleiflein little ribbon bow
schleppen drag, lug
Schlesien Schlesien or Silesia, the most southeasterly and largest province of Prussia
schleudern fling, hurl, toss
schlich see schleichen
der Schlich, -e secret path; hinter seine Schliche kommen find him (his tricks) out
Schlicht Joseph Schlicht, a writer of stories dealing with scenes and incidents in Bavaria
schlief see schlafen
schließen, schlŏß, geschlossen close, shut, lock, bolt; draw a conclusion, infer, conclude
schließlich in the end, finally, when all is said and done
schlimm bad, sorry, unfortunate, evil, hard
schlitzen slit
schlŏß see schließen
das Schlŏß, Schlösser castle, palace; (gun)lock
schlottern hang loose, dangle, flap
schlūg see schlagen
schlǖge past subj. of schlagen
schlüpfen [ist geschlüpft] slip
das Schlüsselloch, ⸗löcher keyhole
schmāl, schmāler or schmǟler, der schmālste or schmǟlste narrow; slender
das Schmalz, des -es (melted) fat, grease
schmauchen = rauchen smoke, puff away at
schmecken [tr.] taste; [intr.] (have a certain) taste; (= gut schmecken) taste good
schmeicheln flatter, coax, cajole [dat.]
schmeichlerisch flattering, smooth, coaxing das Schmeltzen, des -s (the process of) melting (away); der Schnee war am Schmelzen the snow was a-melting
der Schmerz, -es, -en pain
schmerzlich painful; schmerzlich vermissen miss sadly
der Schmetterling, -e butterfly
der Schmied, -e smith, blacksmith
die Schmiede, -n smithy, forge, blacksmith’s shop
schmieden (make at a) forge; hammer
schmieren see anschmieren
schmōren stew, simmer; bake
schnallen buckle; strap (up)
schnalzen snap, click, crack [the following mit to be omitted in English!]
schnappen snap (clutch, catch, snatch) at [nach]; nach Luft schnappen gasp for breath
der Schnappsack, ⸗säcke small knapsack (wallet), bag
der Schnaps, Schnäpse dram, drop (of liquor)
das Schnaufen, des -s puffing and blowing, panting
die Schnecke, -n snail
der Schnee, des Schnees snow
Schneeberg Schneeberg, a mining town in Saxony
die Schneeschmelze, -n snowbreak, thaw
der Schneider tailor
schneidern do tailoring, sew
schnell swift, fast, quick, rapid, fleet
schneuzen snuff [a candle]
schnȫde [drops e before an inflectional e] base, contemptible
der Schnupfen cold (in the head)
das Schnupftūch ⸗tücher (pocket) handkerchief
die Schnūr, ̶̈ e [less often] -en] string, cord
schōb see schieben
schōn already, by this (that) time; jetzt schon even now, by this time; 91, 10 as a lad; schon lange long before (this, that); ich warte schon eine ganze Weile auf dich I have been waiting... [schon + adv. or phrase denoting duration (acc., or seit + dat.) is used with the pres. or past in German with the force of the progressive pres. perf. or past perf. in English]; 48, 11 wenn schon if indeed; even; in due time; [assurance] surely, all right, soon, you may depend upon it
schȫn beautiful, pretty, fair, handsome, fine, nice
die Schöne, [gen. and dat. sg.] -n, -n beautiful girl (woman)
die Schönheit, -en beauty
der Schöpfer creator; Creator
schŏß see schießen
schossen see schießen
Schottland [⸗lant] Scotland [neut.]
der Schrank, ̶̈ e cupboard, cabinet
schrauben, usually weak; sometimes schrōb, geschrōben screw
das Schräublein [schräup⸗] little screw
der Schreck, -e dismay, alarm, fright, terror
der Schrecken = Schreck fright, terror
schrecklich terrible, frightful, dreadful
der Schrei, -e (sharp, shrill) cry; scream, shout, shriek
schreiben, schrieb, geschrieben write; ich schrieb dem Mann einen Brief I wrote the man a letter; ich schrieb einen Brief an den Mann I wrote a letter to the man
der Schreiber secretary; clerk; copyist
schreien, schrie, geschrie(e)n cry out, shout, scream, shriek
schreiten, schritt, ist geschritten stride, step (along), march, walk
schrie see schreien
schrieb see schreiben
die Schrift, -en (kind of) writing, characters
das Schriftstück, -e document
schritt see schreiten
der Schritt, -e step, pace [Cf. Fuß.]
der Schuh, -e shoe
der Schuhmacher shoemaker, bootmaker; ein großer Herr Schuhmacher a grand gentleman shoemaker [Cf. gentleman farmer.]
schulden owe a person (dat.) something (acc.)
die Schule, -n school; in die Schule gehen go to school [without the]
der Schüler pupil, schoolboy
die Schülerin, -nen pupil, schoolgirl
das Schūlkind, -er schoolboy, schoolgirl; [pl.] school children
die Schūlstūbe, -n schoolroom
die Schulter, -n shoulder
schuppig scaly
schüren poke (up), mend [a fire]
schurren [ist geschurrt when direction is expressed] grind or scrape (along)
die Schürze, -n apron
der Schŭß, Schüsse shot, report
die Schüssel -n dish [Cf. Sack.]
die Schūsterei´ bootmaking, shoemaker’s trade; es ist hier nichts mit der Schusterei there’s nothing in cobbling shoes in this place
schütteln shake
schütten pour, throw
der Schutz, des -es protection; defense
schützen protect, shelter
der Schutzgeist, -er guardian spirit
der Schutzverwandte; (kein) Schutzverwandter; [pl.] Schutzverwandte; die (keine) Schutzverwandten denizen
schwăch, schwä̆cher, der schwä̆chste [in comp. and superl. ch as in ich] weak, feeble, infirm
schwächlich weakly, frail, feeble
die Schwalbe, -n swallow
schwamm see schwimmen
schwang see schwingen
der Schwanz, ̶̈ e tail
schwarz, schwärzer, der schwärzeste black
schwärzen blacken
der Schwefel brimstone, sulphur
schwefelgelb = so gelb wie Schwefel brimstone-yellow, sulphur-yellow
der Schwe´felgestank´ des -(e)s smell of brimstone
schweigen, schwieg, geschwiegen be silent, keep silence, hold one’s tongue; cease (speaking)
schweigend pres. part. of schweigen (keeping) silent; without (saying) a word
schweigsām silent, quiet
das Schwein, -e pig, hog, [pl., also] swine
der Schweinsbrāten [-ns, NOT -nz] roast (of) pork
schweißtriefend dripping with perspiration, all in a sweat
schwelgen revel
schwellen, schwillt, schwoll, ist geschwollen swell
schwēr heavy; difficult, hard; grievous; serious, dangerous [illness]; es ist mir schwer geworden it (has) proved difficult for me, I (have) found it hard; schwer leiden suffer greatly (grievously)
schwērlich hardly, scarcely
die Schwester, -n sister
die Schwiegermutter, ⸗mütter mother-in-law
schwimmen, schwamm (schwömme), [when direction is expressed, ist] geschwommen swim
der Schwindel, des -s (attack, fit of) dizziness, giddiness
schwindelig dizzy, giddy; es wird mir schwindelig or mir wird schwindelig I get dizzy (giddy) [Cf. note on angst.]
schwingen, schwang, geschwungen swing; brandish, wave
schwitzen sweat [Cf. tun.]
schwoll see schwellen
sechs [zĕks] six
sechshun´dert [zĕks-] six hundred
sechzig sixty
der Sechziger man in the sixties
der See, -s, -n [pl., two syllables] lake
die See, -n [pl., two syllables] = das Meer sea, ocean; auf (der) See at sea, on the ocean
die Seebachmühle the Lakebrook Mill
Seedorf Lakeville, an imaginary village near the scene of Die befreiten Seelen
der See´kapītǟn´, -e sea captain
die Seele, -n soul; mind
das Seeleben, des -s life at sea (aboard ship)
der Seelenfresser soul eater, soul swallower
Seeleute pl. of Seemann
der Seemann, des -(e)s, Seeleute [less often ⸗männer] seaman, sailor, mariner, seafaring man; alter Seemann old salt
der Segen blessing; prosperity
sehen, sieht, sah, gesehen (or, if preceded by a dependent infin., sehen) see, look [In English the object of see may be followed by either the infin. or the pres. part.: I saw him run or running; in German only the infin. is so used: ich sah ihn laufen.]
das Sehen, des -s seeing, (eye-)sight
die Sehnsucht (ardent) longing, yearning (for nach)
sehr very [cf. Matthew xxi, 15: they were sore displeased], much
sei imper. sg. of sein be; 1st or 3rd pers. sg. pres. subj. of sein: [in indirect quotations] am, is, was; [in wishes, in commands, or in concessive clauses] may he (she, it, I) be, let him (her, it, me) be; so sei es so be it; er sei noch so reich however rich he may be; [after als in unreal conditions] were; ihm war es, als sei er noch in der Heimat it seemed to him as if he were still at home
seicht shallow
seid [zīt] 2nd pers. pl. pres. ind. or imper. of sein
die Seide, -n silk
Seidel Heinrich Seidel (1842–1906), by profession a construction engineer, devoted the last twenty-five years of his life to writing.
seiden (made of) silk
seien Sie formal imper. of sein [Cf. Sie.]
sein, ist, wār, ist gewēsen be; exist; Was ist nun zu tun? What is to be done now? [After sein an active infin. is used with the force of the English passive]; lange war es ihm, als ob... for a long time it seemed to him as if...
[Cf. note on haben and on es gibt (under geben).]
[After sein or werden, ein is apt to be omitted before an unmodified noun indicating occupation, rank, religion, or nationality, but is used before such a noun modified by an adj.: er ist Arzt he is a physician; but er ist ein berühmter Arzt he is a famous physician.]
sein, seine, sein his; [when referring to an antecedent like Mädchen, Garten or Kind, or Volk] her, its, their
das Seine, des -n his property (belongings), what is his
die Seinen [pl. only] (the members of) his household (family)
seinerseits on (for) his part, as for him, as far as he is concerned
seit prep. [dat.] since, for [time just elapsed]
seitdēm´ [always followed by transposition] since (the time when)
die Seite, -n side; page; auf die Seite stellen set to one side; von der Seite ansehen look at (eye) askance, look at a person out of the tail of one’s eye; von ihrer Seite from her side, on her part
das Seitenstechen, des -s stitch in one’s side
die Seitentăsche, -n side pocket
die Sēkun´de, -n [zāko͝on-] second
selber indeclinable intensive pron. = selbst
selbst [zelpst] indeclinable intensive pron. self, in person, myself (etc.), ourselves (etc.); [when standing before the word it modifies] even
selig late, deceased, lamented, sainted
die Seligkeit supreme happiness (delight); die ewige Seligkeit (eternal) salvation, eternal bliss (happiness)
das Selterwasser, ⸗wässer Seltzer water