ILLUSTRATIONS.
J. R. (James Richard) Ainsworth Davis translation
FIG. PAGE
1. Schematic Longitudinal Section of the Human Body 4
2. Human Skeleton 7
3. Skeleton of an Ox 9
4. Bending of the Arm by Contraction of the Biceps Muscle 10
5. Diagram to explain the Action of the Motor and Sensory Nerves 11
6. Diagram of the Course of the Circulation 13
7. Life History of the Small-winged Gall-fly (Andricus terminalis) 15
8. Diagram of a Fish’s Heart 18
9. Diagram of a Mammal’s Heart 20
10. Diagram of a Reptile’s Heart 20
11. Diagram of a Frog’s Heart 21
12. Vertical Section of a Human Grinding Tooth 22
13. Crown of an Ox’s Grinder 22
14. Skull of Domestic Cat 25
15. Pine Marten (Mustela martes) 27
16. Skull of Mole 30
17. Common Shrew (Sorex vulgaris) 31
18. Skeleton of Bat 34
19. Skull of Squirrel 35
20. Abnormal Tooth in Hare 37
21. Hamster (Cricetus frumentarius) 38
22. Long-tailed Field Mouse (Mus sylvaticus) 40
23. Upper Back Teeth of Brown Rat 41
24. Upper Back Teeth of Water Vole 41
25. Southern Field Vole (Arvicola arvalis) 43
26. Skull of Sheep 44
27. Development of Roebuck Antlers 45
28. Wing of Buzzard 50
29. Section through Bird’s Egg 51
30. Eagle Owl (Otus maximus) 52
31. Head and Foot of Falcon 53
32. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaëtus) 54
33. Barn Owl (Strix flammea) 55
34. Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) 56
35. Goatsucker (Caprimulgus europæus) 58
36. Head of Rook (Corvus frugilegus) 60
37. Head of Bullfinch (Pyrrhula vulgaris) 62
xviii38. Nightingale (Daulias luscinia) 65
39. Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus) 66
40. Capercailzie (Tetrao urogallus) 68
41. Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) 69
42. Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) 70
43. Crested and Little Grebes (Podiceps cristatus and minor) 71
44. Grey Goose (Anser cinereus) 72
45. Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) 74
46. Common Lizard (Lacerta agilis) 75
47. Adder (Pelias berus) 76
48. Grass Snake (Tropidonotus natrix) 77
49. Blindworm (Anguis fragilis) 78
50. Great Crested Newt (Triton cristatus) 79
51. Common Frog (Rana temporaria) 80
52. Natterjack (Bufo calamita) 81
53. The Perch (Perca fluviatilis) 82
54. Wood-borer (Sirex) 83
55. Centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) 84
56. Ground Beetle, showing Nervous System 84
57. Disarticulated Grasshopper 85
58. Head and Mouth-parts of a Ground Beetle 87
59. Leg of Ground Beetle 88
60. Stages of Silkworm Moth (Bombyx mori) 88
61. Stages of Hornet (Vespa crabro) 89
62. Migratory Grasshopper (Acrydium migratorium) 90
63. Looper Caterpillar 90
64. False Caterpillar 90
65. Stages of Cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris) 91
66. Larva of a Weevil 92
67. Stages of Aphis-eating Fly (Syrphus pyrasti) 92
68. A Ground Beetle (Carabus auronitens) 95
69. Corn Ground Beetle (Zabrus gibbus) and larva 95
70. A Rove Beetle (Staphylinus erythropterus) 96
71. Black Burying Beetle (Silpha atrata) and larva 96
72. Antennæ of Cockchafer 99
73. Abdomens of Common and Horse-chestnut Cockchafers 100
74. Skipjack (Agriotes lineatus) 102
75. Skipjack about to spring 103
76. Grain-plants sown deep and shallow, to show Wireworm attack 104
77. Bean Beetle (Bruchus rufimanus) 106
78. Pea Weevil (Sitones lineatus) 107
79. Mouse-tooth Weevil (Baridius chloris) and larva 108
80. Turnip Gall Weevil (Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis) 109
81. Colorado Beetle (Chrysomela decemlineata) 111
82. Stages of Colorado Beetle 112
83. Cloudy Tortoise Beetle (Cassida nebulosa) 113
84. Rape Flea Beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephalus) 114
85. Stages of Seven-spotted Lady-bird (Coccinella septempunctata) 118
xix86. Stages of Common Lace Fly (Chrysopa vulgaris) 122
87. Head of Honey Bee (Apis mellifica) 124
88. Common Wasp (Vespa vulgaris) and nest 127
89. Common Sand Wasp (Ammophila sabulosa) 129
90. Stages of Yellow-legged Ichneumon Fly (Microgaster glomeratus) 133
91. Turnip Saw-fly (Athalia spinarum) and caterpillars 135
92. Head of Butterfly 136
93. Scales from Butterfly’s Wing 136
94. Stages of Peacock Butterfly (Vanessa io) 138
95. Stages of Cabbage White (Pieris brassicæ) 139
96. Garden White (Pieris rapæ), male 141
97. Garden White, female and caterpillar 141
98. Green-veined White (Pieris napi) 142
99. Dart or Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum) and caterpillar 143
100. Stages of Cabbage Moth (Mamestra brassicæ) 146
101. Grass Moth (Charæas Graminis) and caterpillar 150
102. Stages of Silver Y Moth (Plusia gamma) 151
103. Hop Snout Moth (Hypena rostralis) 153
104. Mother-of-Pearl Moth (Botys margaritalis) and larva 155
105. Fawn-coloured Pea Moth (Grapholitha nebritana) 156
106. Larch Moth (Coleophora laricella) 157
107. Wings of a Bug 159
108. Bean Aphis (Aphis papaveris) 160
109. Corn Thrips (Thrips cerealium) 163
110. Wheat Midge (Cecidomyia tritici) 165
111. Barley attacked by Hessian Fly 167
112. Larvæ of Wheat Midge (Cecidomyia tritici) 169
113. Stages of Daddy Longlegs (Tipula oleracea) 171
114. Rain Breeze Fly (Hæmatopota pluvialis) 174
115. Caterpillar Fly (Tachina fera) 175
116. Turnip infested by Cabbage Fly (Anthomyia brassicæ) 177
117. Ribbon-footed Corn Fly (Chlorops tæniopus) 179
118. Stages of ditto 181
119. Wheat Plant distorted by winter generation of ditto 181
120. Stages, etc., of Frit Fly (Oscinis frit) 183
121. Stages of Horse Bot Fly (Gastrus equi) 190
122. Horse Louse (Hæmatopinus macrocephalus) 194
123. Common Snake Millipede (Julus terrestris) 195
124. A Spider (Salticus scenicus) 196
125. Mange Mite of the Pig (Sarcoptes scabiei, var. suis) 197
126. Ditto 198
127. The Dog Tick (Ixodes ricinus) 203
128. Diagrammatic transverse section through a Thread Worm 210
129. Tail of male Strongylus armatus 213
130. Encapsuled Muscle Trichinæ in flesh 217
131. Male Intestinal Trichina 217
132. Rye Plant in the later stage of the Eelworm Disease 222
133. Ear Cockles of Wheat 225
134. Stages of Beet Eelworm (Heterodera Schachtii) 226
xx135. Tænia saginata 232
136. Common Tapeworm (Tænia officinalis) 234
137. Tapeworm Larva (Tænia solium) 234
138. Types of Bladder-worm 235
139. Measle of Tænia solium 235
140. Measles in Pork 236
141. Liver Fluke (Distoma hepaticum) 241
142. Life History of Liver Fluke 242
143. Diagrams of Molluscs 246
144. Grey Field Slug (Limax agrestis) 249
145. Common Starfish (Asterias rubens) 252
146. Freshwater Polype (Hydra) 254
147. A Jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca) 254
148. A Sea Anemone (Sagartia nivea) 254
149. Proteus Animalcule (Amœba) 255
ZOOLOGY.
1