THE TENNYSON DICTIONARY (continued 6)

She married Pluto and became the mother of the Furies.

Edwin Morris.

PROVENÇAL.

Nay, if I took and translated that hard heart into our Provençal facilities, I could so play about it with the rhyme—

Becket.

PROVENCE.

A province of southern France.

Lover’s Tale; Becket.

PSYCHE.

Lady Psyche was one of the tutors at the female college founded by princess Ida, heroine of The Princess. She was supposed to be a person possessing a very charming manner, and was essentially feminine both in heart and manner. Her abilities as a lecturer were marked and to her abilities Cyril paid a delicate compliment when he, disguised as a girl student, gained admission into the college.

The Princess.

PSYCHE.

In Greek mythology a beautiful maiden, the youngest of three daughters of a king, represented as the personification of the Human Soul. She was loved by Cupid who carried her away to a palace where he visited her without being identified. Psyche could not however resist the curiosity of knowing who he was, and lit a lamp, when a drop of oil fell on Cupid’s shoulder, which awoke him and he fled. She then wandered from place to place in search of her lover, until she came to the palace of Venus, who, being jealous of her beauty, made her her slave, but ultimately Cupid came to her rescue, married her and bestowed on her immortality.

The Princess.

PTARMIGAN.

A species of grouse. The colour of this bird varies, being brownish-gray in summer and white in winter.

Last Tournament.

PUBLIUS.

Captain of a band of Roman soldiers, and guard to Synorix, from whom he received orders to capture as traitors any one who was talking with Synorix when he cried ‘Rome, Rome.’ Publius was also present in the temple at the murder of Sinnatus by Synorix, and helped to bear away the body from the temple for burial.

The Cup.

PUMPY.

Name of a horse.

Promise of May.

P. W.

= Philip Willows; father of Katie Willows.

The Brook.

PYRENEAN.

= The Pyrenees.

Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington.

PYTHAGORAS.

= A vegetarian diet, as recommended by Pythagoras, the famous Greek philosopher, and adopted by Fitzgerald.

To E. Fitzgerald.

QUAIL.

A bird closely allied to the partridge.

Audley Court.

QUEEN O’ THE MAY.

The chief character in the poem entitled the May Queen. The poem is divided into three parts, and opens

The second portion, entitled New Year’s Eve, opens with a request from the girl to her mother to call her early on the first morning of the year:

Later on in the poem we find the girl lying seriously ill, but longs to live until the snowdrop comes:

Towards the end of the poem she charges her sister to look after her little garden:

The girl however lingers long enough to see not only the snowdrop but also the violet:

and as the girl lies in her mother’s arms at the point of death, happy in the anticipation of meeting her mother and sister in the world beyond, the poem concludes:

May Queen.

QUINCE.

A tree belonging to the same tribe as the apple.

Balin and Balan.

QUINTUS CALABER.

A poet, who wrote in fourteen books a Greek poem as a continuation of Homer’s Iliad in the third century.

To the Master of Balliol.

RABBIT.

A rodent quadruped of the hare family.

Aylmer’s Field; Queen Mary; Promise of May.

RACHEL.

Has reference to the first meeting of Jacob and Rachel at the well of Haran. Genesis xxix.

Aylmer’s Field.

RAGGED-ROBIN.

A common wild-flower of the campion kind, its petals having a ragged appearance, hence its name.

Marriage of Geraint.

RAHAB.

Has reference to Rahab who received the spies sent by Joshua to spy out Jericho.

Queen Mary.

RALPH.

Sir Ralph, an old knight, who evidently took part in the Crusades.

It was near Ascalon that the Crusaders in 1099 under Godfrey de Bouillon defeated a superior army sent by the sultan of Egypt to capture Jerusalem. A statue of Sir Ralph in orange scarf and silken sash evidently adorned princess Ida’s college, but when prince Arac and princess Ida were wedded, the knight was disrobed of his feminine attire, and was seen once more standing in the armour that befitted his sex and profession.

The Princess.

RALPH.

Ralph, a knight, and lover of Edith Montfort. He took part in a tournament, won it, and was crowned by his lady-love, and won the admiration of his king.

The Tourney.

RALPH. RALPH BAGENHALL.

Sir Ralph Bagenhall; the only member of the House of Commons who protested against reconciliation with Rome in 1556, for which he was committed to the Tower.

Queen Mary.

RAM.

= A male sheep.

Last Tournament.

RANDULF.

The brother of Robert de Broc.

Becket.

RAPHAËL.

The celebrated painter, sculptor and architect.

Romney’s Remorse.

RAT.

A rodent quadruped of the genus Mus.

The Foresters; Walking to the Mail; Maud; Merlin and Vivien; Pelleas and Ettarre; Owd Roä; Queen Mary; The Falcon; Promise of May.

RAVEN.

A large bird of the crow family.

Boädicea; Maud; Guinevere; Rizpah; Battle of Brunanburh; Merlin and the Gleam; Harold; The Foresters.

RAY (Philip).

See Enoch, Enoch Arden.

RAYMOND OF POITOU.

Raymond I, prince of Antioch.

Becket.

REDCAP.

A bird of the goldfinch family, having a conical crest of red feathers on the top of its head.

Gardener’s Daughter.

REDHATS.

But the King hath bought half the College of Redhats.

= Cardinals.

Becket.

RED SEA.

An inland sea between Africa and Asia.

To the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava.

REFORM.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

REGGIO.

An Italian seaport.

The Daisy.

REGINALD. REGINALD FITZURSE.

Eldest son of Richard Fitzurse and the principal actor in the murder of Thomas Becket. For some years he resided at Williton in Somerset. After the murder he escaped with his fellow-murderers to Saltwood castle, and finally to Knaresborough the home of de Morville, where they remained for about a year, after which Fitzurse went to Rome to receive sentence by the pope and was sent to expiate his sins at Jerusalem.

Becket.

REGINALD POLE.

Cardinal archbishop of Canterbury, son of sir Richard Pole. Appointed to various benefices by Henry VIII and upon the death of Wolsey refused the archbishoprick of York. Being attainted of treason he fled to Italy and settled for some years in Padua; opposed the royal divorce and was deprived of all his preferments. In 1536 he was summoned to Rome by the pope who appointed him a cardinal, and sent him to the French king, Francis I, to stir him to war against England; was one of the legates sent to open the Council of Trent, 1545. On the accession of Mary he was appointed papal legate to England, to arrange with queen Mary as to the best means of bringing the kingdom again in subjection to the papal see, and upon his arrival in England was created archbishop of Canterbury. In 1557 his legation was cancelled and he was summoned to Rome on the charge of heresy, but falling ill, died on the same day as queen Mary, November 17, 1558, and was buried in St. Thomas’ Chapel, Canterbury.

Queen Mary.

RENARD (Simon).

See Simon, Simon Renard.

REVEILLÉE.

The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for soldiers to rise.

In Memoriam.

REVENGE, THE.

The ship commanded by sir Richard Grenville (q.v.) in lord Howard’s squadron which was attacked by the Spanish fleet off the Azores in August 1591.

The Revenge.

RHINE.

The principal river of Germany.

In Memoriam.

RHODOPE.

Has reference to Rhodopis, a courtesan of ancient Greece who lived about 600 B.C. There is a Greek legend that she built the third pyramid, but in reality it was the work of Nitocris.

The Princess.

RICHARD (the first, Cœur de Lion).

King of England, third son of Henry II. In 1189 took the vow of a crusader and in the following year proceeded to the East with Philip Augustus of France, leaving the bishop of Ely to carry on the government at home. Richard displayed valour against Saladin whom he defeated near Cæsarea, but having concluded a peace set out for England. His vessel being shipwrecked on the coast of Italy, he made his way in disguise through the dominions of his natural enemy Leopold of Austria, but being recognized was arrested and handed over to the emperor, Henry VI, who confined him in a castle in the Tyrol, bound with chains. At length he was ransomed by his subjects for 150,000 marks and arrived in England in 1104. He found his dominions in great confusion owing to the intrigue of Philip of France and John his brother, but rapidly made himself master of the castles which held out for John—who submitted and was pardoned—was in 1194 crowned a second time. He is supposed about this time to have visited Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest. On May 12, 1194, he left England and invaded France with a large army, and while besieging the castle of Chaluz in Aquitaine was wounded. He died on April 6, 1199, and was buried in the Abbey Church of Fontevraud.

The Foresters.

RICHARD (the Third).

King of England, son of Richard, duke of York. On the death of Edward IV he assumed the title of Protector, and on July 6, 1483, was crowned king. Shortly afterwards the two princes were murdered in the Tower, there being strong suspicion that Richard himself was concerned in their murder. Disgusted with his cruelty and the usurpation of the crown, Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, who was in Brittany, was invited to invade England, and landing at Milford Haven marched to Bosworth in Leicestershire where Richard was defeated and slain, Henry being crowned king on the field.

Queen Mary.

RICHARD (de Brito).

See De Brito.

RICHARD. RICHARD GRENVILLE.

A gallant seaman in Elizabeth’s time; took part in the defeat of the Armada. In 1591, while commanding the Revenge, engaged singlehanded the entire Spanish fleet off the Azores, and, after a desperate fight of eighteen hours, surrendered and was carried wounded on board the Spanish flagship San Philip, where he died.

The Revenge.

RICHARD. RICHARD LEA. RICHARD OF THE LEA.

Sir Richard Lea, father of Maid Marian.

The Foresters.

RICHARD.

Richard II, king of England from 1377 to 1399.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

RIDLEY (Nicholas).

Bishop of London; descended from an ancient Northumberland family; became chaplain to archbishop Cranmer in 1537 and chaplain to king Henry VIII in 1541. Appointed by Edward VI bishop of Rochester, and took part in the framing of the Articles and Homilies. On the deprivation of Bonner, bishop of London, Ridley was appointed his successor. Visited the princess Mary at Hunsdon, but failed to shake her adherence to the Roman Catholic faith, and consequently signed the will of Edward VI settling the crown on lady Jane Grey. On Mary’s accession was deprived and sent to the Tower, thence—with Latimer and Cranmer—to Oxford, and on refusing to recant was condemned, and with Latimer (q.v.) burnt to death opposite Balliol College, Oxford, 1555.

Queen Mary.

RINGDOVE.

A wood-pigeon, so-called from a white ring on the neck.

Talking Oak; Queen Mary.

ROÄ.

Name of a dog.

Owd Roä.

ROÄVER.

Name of a dog.

Owd Roä.

ROB.

Name of man and cat.

Spinster’s Sweet-arts.

ROBBY.

Name of man and cat.

Spinster’s Sweet-arts.

ROBERT.

Sir Robert, mentioned by Everard Hall, during an entertainment at Audley Court. Francis Hale, his friend, sang a song; Everard replying with one also, explaining

Sir Robert was evidently a literary person.

Audley Court.

ROBERT.

Wedded to Letty Hill, a millionaire’s daughter. She fell in love with a man who came to spend a holiday near her home, but acting under the influence of her relatives she forsook him, to marry Sir Robert.

Edwin Morris.

ROBERT.

Robert de Broc. A monk.

Becket.

ROBERT. ROBERT OF JUMIÉGES.

Archbishop of Canterbury, a Norman by birth. Prior of St. Ouen at Rouen, and in 1037 was appointed Abbot. Accompanied Edward the Confessor to England in 1043, who appointed him bishop of London in the following year. Opposed the earl of Godwin with the result that the earl and his family were driven into exile, but upon Godwin’s return in 1052 he fled to Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex where he embarked for Normandy. Being deprived of his See, he went to Rome to lay the matter before the pope, who ordered his reinstatement, but he did not regain possession of it. On his return from Rome he went to Jumiéges, where he died and was buried near the high altar of the Abbey Church.

Harold.

ROBIN.

Friend and playmate of the ‘May Queen,’ who thinks she is dying, and bids farewell to her friends, of whom Robin is one.

May Queen.

ROBIN.

Subject of a song sung by a milkmaid, beginning

Queen Mary.

ROBIN. ROBIN HOOD. ROBIN OF HUNTINGDON.

A famous outlaw, who, with his companions—the most noted of whom were Little John, Will Scarlet, Much, the miller’s son, his chaplain, Friar Tuck, and his paramour Maid Marian—inhabited the forest of Sherwood in Nottingham. He is identified with Robin, earl of Huntingdon, and was born at Locksley, Nottingham, in the reign of Henry II.

He was skilled in archery, and his exploits and those of his merry men, are the subject of many ballads and tales. Robin Hood’s Bay, on the east coast of Yorkshire, is said to owe its name to the tradition of Robin Hood, whose arrows shot from the tower of Whitby reached three miles distant. He robbed the rich only, being particularly fond of pillaging prelates, whom he seems to have held in decided aversion.

He gave freely to the poor, and protected the needy.

The performance of the Morrice Dance, which was so common in the fourteenth century—and to some degree still extant—has been associated with Robin Hood’s forest games, and his jovial life in the green glades of Sherwood, when Robin Hood and Maid Marian and Friar Tuck were the chief characters, which company also included the Hobby-horse and the Fool.

He is supposed to have been intentionally bled to death at the age of eighty-seven in the Cistercian nunnery at Kirklees in Yorkshire, about the year 1247.

It is said that when Robin perceived the treachery which had been practised on him, he blew a loud blast on his bugle-horn. The call reached the ears of Little John, who hastened from the adjoining forest of Kirklees, and forced his way into the chamber where the dying chieftain lay, who, according to an old ballad, made the following request:

The bow being placed in his hand by Little John, Robin discharged it through the open window, and the arrow alighted on a spot where according to tradition he was afterwards interred. On a stone within the railings surrounding the grave is the following inscription:

Robin Hood has been made the hero of many tales and adventures by romancers and poets. The first historical allusion is found in Piers Ploughman, by William Langland, which, according to Skeat, cannot be older than about 1377. In 1420 Wyntown published his Scottish Chronicle, and at the commencement of the sixteenth century he is mentioned in Mair’s History of Great Britain. After the introduction of the art of printing in England by Caxton in 1477, there appeared a collection of Robin Hood Ballads entitled Here beginneth a little geste of Robin Hood and his meiny: and of the proud Sheriff of Nottingham, and towards the end of the same century a play by Anthony Munday, The Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntingdon, made its appearance. Reference is also made to him in Michael Drayton’s Polyolbion, Song XXV Lincolnshire, published about 1622. In 1821 Joseph Ritson published his Robin Hood Ballads, and some years afterwards appeared Campbell’s A Historical Sketch of Robin Hood.

The Foresters.

ROBIN.

Robin-redbreast, a bird with a reddish breast.

Locksley Hall; Enoch Arden.

ROBINS.

A farm hand mentioned by an old farmer, who was fast failing, though he refused to believe so, as he had so much work to do. He said that God

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

ROCHESTER.

A city and seaport in Kent.

Queen Mary.

ROGER.

A servant.

Queen Mary.

ROGER. ROGER OF YORK.

Archbishop of York. With Becket was brought up at the court of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury. In 1148 he was made archdeacon of Canterbury, and six years later was created archbishop of York. On the election of Becket, Roger claimed the right of consecrating him, but his claim was rejected. He however obtained the pope’s authority to crown kings, which right was—upon Becket protesting—withdrawn. In 1170 he performed—in spite of Becket’s remonstrances and the prohibition of pope Alexander III—the coronation ceremony of Henry II’s son. Roger was suspended, and upon Becket’s return from exile crossed over to Normandy and complained to Henry that there would be no peace so long as Becket remained alive. Some authorities consider that he was mainly responsible for the murder of the archbishop, for after the murder he took an oath before the archbishop of Rouen that he was innocent of the charge, and confessed that he had not received permission from the pope to crown Henry’s son king, and was accordingly absolved. Obtained permission to carry his cross within the province of Canterbury, and at the council of Northampton in 1176 urged that the Scottish Church should be made subordinate to the See of York; which claim pope Alexander III recognized in 1180. He died in 1181 and was buried in York Minster.

Becket.

ROGER ACTON.

A Shropshire knight, executed for taking part in Oldcastle’s insurrection, 1414.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

ROGERS (John).

The first Marian martyr, was born at Birmingham. Was rector of Holy Trinity Church, London, 1532–34, after which he lived for some years at Antwerp, where he became intimate with Tyndale, and became a convert to Protestantism; published at Antwerp in 1637 what is known as Matthew’s Bible. Returned to England in 1548, and was appointed rector of St. Margaret’s Moyses, London, and vicar of St. Sepulchre’s, London. In 1555, upon the accession of Mary, he preached at St. Paul’s Cross against Romanism; was deprived of his benefice, and imprisoned in Newgate; and after a long term of imprisonment was sentenced to death for heresy and burnt at Smithfield, February 1555.

Queen Mary.

ROLF.

A Ponthieu fisherman.

Harold.

ROME.

Lucretius; The Princess; Boädicea; Maud; Coming of Arthur; Gareth and Lynette; Passing of Arthur; Columbus; Locksley Hall Sixty Years After; To Virgil; Freedom; The Ring; Romney’s Remorse; St. Telemachus; The Dawn; Queen Mary; Harold; Becket; The Cup.

RONALD (LORD).

Betrothed to lady Clare. On the eve of his marriage he was told by the lady that he was the heir to all her lands, as she was not the daughter of the late earl, but,

Lord Ronald laugh’d ‘a laugh of merry scorn,’ and assured her that even if she were not the heiress-born, on her marriage on the morrow she would still be lady Clare.

Lady Clare.

ROOD.

See Holy Rood.

ROOK.

A species of crow, so called from its croak. It is black, with purple and violet reflections.

May Queen; In Memoriam; Marriage of Geraint; The Ring.

ROSA.

See Monte Rosa.

ROSALIND.

The subject of a mournful song by a man in a depressed mood. He says ‘that Hesperus all things bringeth, soothing the wearied mind:’ that Hesper comes in the morning, but his Rosalind cometh not morning nor evening. He concludes by saying:

Leonine Elegiacs.

ROSALIND.

The writer likens a girl—Rosalind—to a bright-eyed falcon. She is a very high-spirited girl, untamed, and also untameable.

Rosalind.

ROSALIND.

The charming daughter of the banished duke in Shakespeare’s As You Like it. Dressed in male attire and accompanied by her cousin Celia, she seeks her exiled father in the forest of Arden.

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

ROSAMUND. ROSAMUND DE CLIFFORD.

Jane Clifford, ‘Rosamund the Fair,’ daughter of Walter, lord Clifford, and mistress of Henry II. She is supposed to have been a nun in Godstow nunnery, where Henry met her; and to keep her from the eyes of queen Eleanor kept her in a bower of Woodstock, which was surrounded by a labyrinth. Here she was, by a silken thread, supposed to have been discovered and poisoned by queen Eleanor, A.D. 1177.

Her body was buried in the chapel of Godstow nunnery, where candles were kept continually burning over her tomb until the bishop of Lincoln in 1191 caused them to be removed.

Dream of Fair Women; Becket.

ROSE.

The daughter of a gardener who was loved by an artist. The latter gives an elaborate description of her in her youth. In conclusion he says

Gardener’s Daughter.

ROSE.

Sister of Mary Boyle.

Roses on the Terrace.

ROSE. ROSETREE.

A fragrant flower and shrub of the genus Rosa of many species and varieties. It is the favourite of poets and the national emblem of England.

Ode to Memory; A Spirit Haunts; A Dirge; Adeline; Two Voices; Œnone; Palace of Art; Lotos-Eaters; Gardener’s Daughter; Day-Dream; Lady Clare; Vision of Sin; Enoch Arden; Aylmer’s Field; Lucretius; The Princess; City Child; Hendecasyllabics; The Window; In Memoriam; Maud; Geraint and Enid; Balin and Balan; Merlin and Vivien; Holy Grail; Pelleas and Ettarre; Lover’s Tale; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham; Voyage of Maeldune; The Wreck; Ancient Sage; Tomorrow; Locksley Hall Sixty Years After; On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria; Vastness; The Ring; Happy; Romney’s Remorse; Roses on the Terrace; The Snowdrop; Akbar’s Dream; Queen Mary; Harold; Becket; Promise of May; The Foresters.

ROSE-CAMPION.

A garden plant with handsome crimson flowers.

Last Tournament.

ROSE-CARNATION.

A carnation striped with rose colour.

In Memoriam.

ROSEMARY.

A small fragrant evergreen shrub of a pungent taste growing in the countries round the Mediterranean. It is used as an emblem of fidelity or constancy.

Gareth and Lynette.

ROSE OF LANCASTER.

= Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

ROUND TABLE.

A Table made by Merlin the magician for Uther the pendragon. Uther gave it to king Leodogran, and when king Arthur married Guinevere Leodogran gave him the table with a hundred knights as a wedding present, which tradition says is still preserved at Winchester. The Table would seat 150 knights and Arthur instituted an order of Knighthood called ‘the Knights of the Round Table’ and each seat was appropriated. One of the seats was called the ‘Siege Perilous’ and was reserved for sir Galahad the Pure, the only knight who could occupy it with safety. Some accounts say that the Round Table was made in token of the roundness of the world, suggested by the movement of the Great Bear round the polar star.

and others, that it was constructed in imitation of the table used by our Lord and His disciples at the Last Supper. Round Tables were not unusual in the feudal age, for it is placed on record that one of the kings of Ireland had his ‘Knights of the Round Table.’ Roger de Mortimer established at Kenilworth a Round Table, and Edward III had his Round Table at Windsor said to be 200 feet in diameter. Tradition affirms that the earliest use of the Round Tower at Windsor Castle was as a meeting-place for the knights of the Garter.

Morte d’Arthur; Pelleas and Ettarre; Last Tournament; Passing of Arthur.

RUNNYMEDE.

A meadow on the banks of the river Thames where king John signed the Magna Charta, June 15, 1215.

Third of February.

RUSSIA.

Locksley Hall Sixty Years After.

RUTH.

Aylmer’s Field.

SAÄTAN (Satan).

Northern Cobbler.

SABÆAN.

= the region of Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.

Adeline.

SABINE.

Has reference to Egeria, a nymph of ancient Italy who taught Numa the Sabine, king of Rome, the way to govern. He used to meet her in a grove, in which was a well, afterwards dedicated by him to the Camenæ.

The Princess.

SAGRAMORE.

A knight of the Round Table.

Merlin and Vivien.

SAHIB.

An Indian term to a person of rank.

Aylmer’s Field.

ST. ANDREW.

One of the Apostles, brother of St. Peter. Suffered martyrdom by crucifixion at Patræ in Achaia.

Queen Mary.

ST. JAMES.

One of the Apostles, son of Zebedee and brother of John. Was the first martyr among the Apostles, being put to death by Herod Agrippa. Acts xii. 2.

Queen Mary.

ST. JOHN.

One of the Apostles, son of Zebedee and brother of James. Was banished to the Isle of Patmos, where he wrote the Gospel, the Epistles and the Apocalypse.

Queen Mary.

ST. LAWRENCE.

A deacon of the Church at Rome who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on a gridiron in the time of Valerian, 258 A.D.

Queen Mary.

ST. MARY’S. ST. MARY’S CHURCH.

A church in Oxford where archbishop Cranmer was taken to read his recantation in public, but instead of complying denounced the errors of the Church of Rome.

Queen Mary.

ST. PAUL.

Originally called Saul; the Apostle of the Gentiles.

Queen Mary.

ST. PETER.

Has reference to St. Peter, the Apostle, originally called Simon.

Queen Mary; Becket.

ST. VALERY.

St. V.-sur-Somme, mouth of the river Somme. The port from which William duke of Normandy sailed for England.

Harold.

SAL.

A girl who drowned herself in a pond in Gigglesby Wood because she had been disgraced.

Spinster’s Sweet-Arts.

SALADDEEN.

Refers to Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, the Saracen leader in the third crusade.

Becket.

SALAMANCA.

Has reference to the conference held in the Convent of St. Stephen at Salamanca, in 1486, to consider the proposals of Columbus. Famous for the victory won by the duke of Wellington over the French, July 22, 1812.

Columbus.

SALEEM.

Son of Akbar, the Mogul emperor.

Akbar’s Dream.

SALIQUE.

The Laws Salique forbad the succession to pass through the female line. The laws originated amongst the Salic or Salian Franks, a German tribe in the fifth century. The accession of Philip the Long to the throne of France in 1337 seems to be the first time on which it received public sanction, Edward III claiming the crown of France in right of his mother Isabella, daughter of the late king Philip V, which claims resulted in the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War between England and France.

The Princess.

SALISBURY (John of).

See John of Salisbury.

SALISBURY (Bishop of).

See Jocelyn.

SALLY.

The wife of a northern cobbler, who had turned to drink and ruined his home. Sally was obliged to take in washing to ‘keep the wolf from the door,’ and during her absence her husband found her earnings and spent it in drink. Matters got worse, and when drunk one evening he kicked his wife. Good seemed to come out of evil, for when the cobbler saw Sally walking as if lame, he was ashamed and made a promise to touch drink no more.

Northern Cobbler.

SALLY.

The dead wife of a northern farmer, who must have exerted a great deal of influence over him, for his own words are:

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

SALLY. SALLY ALLEN.

A servant to farmer Dobson.

Promise of May.

SALTWOOD. SALTWOOD CASTLE.

A castle near Hythe, in Kent. When Henry II confiscated the property of the See of Canterbury during the time Thomas Becket (q.v.) was an exile in France, the castle was granted by the king to Randulf de Broc. Upon Becket’s return to England in 1170 he denounced and excommunicated De Broc, and hurled a candle to the floor in Canterbury Cathedral as a symbol of the extinction of the man whom he had cursed. This castle was the destination of the four knights—murderers of Becket—upon their arrival in England from Normandy in 1170, and the place where they laid their plans for the murder of the archbishop, and having accomplished their task, rode back to the castle where they remained during the night of December 30, 1170.

They rode to Saltwood the night of the deed; the next day to South Malling. On entering the house they threw off their arms and trappings on the dining-table, which stood in the hall, and after supper gathered round the blazing hearth. Suddenly the table started back and threw its burthen to the ground. The attendants, roused by the crash, rushed in with lights, and replaced the arms. But a second and still louder crash was heard, and the various articles were thrown still further off. Soldiers and servants with torches scrambled in vain under the solid table to find the cause of its convulsions, till one of the conscience-stricken knights suggested that it was indignantly refusing to bear the sacrilegious burthen of their arms—the earliest and most memorable instance of a rapping, leaping, and moving table.

Stanley: Memorials of Canterbury.

In the reign of John the castle reverted once more to the possessions of the Church, and during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was in the occupation of various knights as tenants of the archbishop of Canterbury. At the dissolution of the monasteries it was voluntarily presented to Henry VIII by archbishop Cranmer.

Becket.

SAM. SAMMY.

Foolish son of a modern northern farmer, who, giving him advice as to marriage, says:

His father also promised him that if he married ‘a good ’un’ he would leave the land to him.

Northern Farmer, New Style.

SAMIAN.

Refers to Samos an island off Asia Minor, where a large temple in honour of Herè the queen of Heaven was erected, of which remains still exist.

The Princess.

SANDERS.

A man in a crowd who was rebuked by Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, for wearing his cap before the queen Mary. He offered an explanation that he was so ‘squeezed among the crowd’ he could not lift his hands to his head. He refused at first to give his name to Gardiner, but afterwards said his name was Sanders, and he lived in Cornhill at the Sign of the Talbot.

Queen Mary.

SANGUELAC.

= A bloody fountain.

According to tradition a Sanguelac, or a bloody fountain, is said to have sprung up on the hill of Senlac after the battle, which prompted William the Conqueror to found Battle Abbey as an atonement for the blood that had been shed, as well as for a commemoration of his victory.

Harold.

SAN PHILIP.

The flagship of the Spanish fleet in the battle with sir Richard Grenville (q.v.) off the Azores in 1591.

The Revenge.

SAN SALVADOR.

An island in the West Indies on which Columbus landed on October 12, 1492. The native name was Guanahani, but Columbus changed it to San Salvador.

Columbus.

SAPPHO.

A poetess of ancient Greece of the seventh century B.C. She was a native of Mitylene in Lebos and a contemporary of Alcæus and of Pittacus, who banished her from Lebos. Of her poetry only a few fragments remain.

The Princess.

SARACEN.

A name given by the Crusaders to the Mohammedans in the Holy Land.

Columbus; Queen Mary; Becket.

SASSENACH WHATE.

= English Wheat.

Tomorrow.

SATRAP.

A governor of a province in ancient Persia.

Alexander.

SATURN.

The planet of the solar system which revolves on its own axis in about 10½ hours. It is surrounded by a bright ring which, when the shadow Saturn is cast upon it, appears motionless, though the body of the planet revolves.

Palace of Art.

SAUL.

The first king of Israel, son of Kish of the tribe of Benjamin.

Queen Mary.

SAUL.

See Paul.

SAVOY.

A duchy to the north-east of France.

Queen Mary.

SCARBORO’ CASTLE.

The Castle, now a ruin, was built in the reign of Stephen, and has been the scene of many stirring events. Piers Gaveston, the favourite of Edward II, sought refuge here from the barons in 1312, but the earl of Pembroke compelled him to surrender and he was beheaded. In the Pilgrimage of Grace it was unsuccessfully besieged by sir Robert Aske. During Wyatt’s rebellion in the reign of Mary, sir Thomas Stafford, grandson of the duke of Buckingham who was an exile in France, sailed from Dieppe with two vessels manned by thirty Englishmen and landing in Yorkshire, surprised and captured the castle, but three days afterwards it was retaken by the earl of Westmorland, and Stafford and all his men were executed.

It was in this castle that George Fox, the first of the people called Quakers, was imprisoned for his religious opinions, in the reign of Charles I.

Queen Mary.

SCARLET.

Will Scarlet, one of the companions of Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest.

The Foresters.

SCARLETT.

Sir James Yorke Scarlett, son of James Scarlett, first baron Abinger. Appointed General and Leader of the Heavy Brigade in the Crimea, and on October 25 led the famous charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava. In 1855 he was appointed to command the entire British Cavalry in the Crimea.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

SCARLETT’S BRIGADE.

The brigade commanded by sir James Yorke Scarlett (q.v.) at Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

SCIZZARS.

Name of a horse.

Promise of May.

SCORY (John).

A Dominican Friar born at Acle in Norfolk. On the dissolution of the monasteries he became Chaplain to archbishop Cranmer. Created bishop of Rochester in 1551, and translated to Chichester in the following year. On the accession of Mary he was deprived of his living on account of being married; was compelled by Gardiner to renounce his wife; did penance, and received absolution; and soon afterwards fled to Germany; but returned in the reign of Elizabeth (1558), and was created bishop of Hereford.

Queen Mary.

SCOTLAND.

Queen Mary; Harold; The Foresters.

SCOTS, MARY, QUEEN OF.

Only daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise; became queen when only a week old. The more important years of her early life were spent in France, and in 1558 she was married to the Dauphin. On the death of Mary she formally claimed the English crown on the ground that Elizabeth was illegitimate, and in 1560 on the death of her husband returned to Scotland, having escaped the English ships of war sent out by Elizabeth to intercept her. Some years later, in spite of protest, she married her cousin lord Darnley, a man with lack of character and ability, who found himself superseded in the Queen’s counsels by David Rizzio, an Italian and court favourite, who was subsequently murdered in the presence of the queen on March 9, 1566. Three months later her only son (afterwards James VI of Scotland and I of England), was born in Edinburgh Castle. In February 1567, as Darnley was lying ill in a small mansion in Edinburgh it was blown up by the earl of Bothwell; and the queen’s subsequent marriage with the earl lent suspicion that she herself was not wholly ignorant of the plot. The nobles rose in rebellion and the queen escaped to Dunbar, but surrendering at Carberry was conveyed to Loch Leven, where she was compelled to abdicate in favour of her son who was—a few days later—crowned at Stirling. Escaping from Loch Leven castle, she found herself at the head of an army of 6,000 men, which was defeated near Glasgow, and a few days later fled to England, only to find herself a prisoner. Catholic plots were formed to liberate her and place her on the English throne, the chief of which was the Babington plot, which had for its object the assassination of Elizabeth. Letters in Mary’s handwriting approving of the assassination were found, and in September 1586 she was brought to trial. Sentence of death was passed on October 25 of the same year, but it was not until February 1, 1587, that Elizabeth signed the death warrant. The execution took place on the 8th of the same month and her body was buried at Peterborough. In 1612 it was removed to Henry VIII’s chapel at Westminster, where it now lies in a tomb erected by her son James.

Queen Mary.

SCOTT.

Sir Walter Scott, the Scottish novelist, to whom the poem The Bandit’s Death is dedicated.

Bandit’s Death.

SCRATBY.

Church-warden and the Curate.

SCRITCH-OWL.

= the Barn or screech-owl, so called from its screeching cry, and superstitiously regarded as a bird of evil men.

The Foresters.

’SDEATH.

= An exclamation of anger. Corrupted from God’s death.

The Princess.

SEAL.

An aquatic carnivorous mammal of the family Phocidæ. Like other animals, the seal is said to be strongly attracted by musical sounds.

The Princess.

SEAMEW—SEA-MEW.

= The sea-gull.

In Memoriam; Harold.

SEA-SNAKE.

= A sea-serpent.

The Mermaid.

SEELING.

Has reference to the custom of closing the eyes of a hawk by sewing the eyelids together. This custom was in time superseded by hoods.

Merlin and Vivien.

SEINE.

= The Red Republicanism of France.

In Memoriam.

SENESCHAL.

= A steward. An officer in the house of a prince in the Mediæval ages who had the superintendence of functions, etc.

The Falcon; Gareth and Lynette; Marriage of Geraint; Last Tournament.

SENLAC. SENLAC HILL.

A hill near Hastings where the battle of Senlac—between Harold and William of Normandy—was fought on October 14, 1066. Battle Abbey, which stands upon the spot where Harold fell, was founded by William to commemorate this battle.

Harold.

SENS.

A French town. Its original building is the Gothic cathedral of St. Stephen, where are preserved the vestments of Thomas Becket.

Becket.

SERPENT.

A general term for any reptile of the order Ophidia.

Alexander; In Memoriam; Geraint and Enid; Holy Grail; Locksley Hall Sixty Years After; Demeter and Persephone.

SEVERN.

Arthur Henry Hallam died at Vienna on the Danube, and was buried at Clevedon on the Severn.

In Memoriam.

SEVERN.

King Arthur’s Court being held at Caerleon-upon-Usk, it was necessary for the knights who attended to cross the Severn when returning to their homes.

Marriage of Geraint; Geraint and Enid.

SEVILLE.

A city of Spain and the port from which the squadron which fought sir Richard Grenville off the Azores in 1591 was fitted out.

The Revenge.

SHAKESPEARE.

A famous English poet, and the greatest of dramatists.

Palace of Art; You might have won; In Memoriam; To E. Fitzgerald; To W. C. Macready.

SHALOTT, ISLAND OF.

The enchanted island on which was situated the castle in which dwelt the lady of Shalott (q.v.).

Lady of Shalott.

SHALOTT, LADY OF.

See Lady of Shalott.

SHAMUS. SHAMUS O’SHEA.

Friend of Danny O’Roon, both of whom were frequent visitors to Katty’s shebeen. Shamus loved Molly Magee and

Tomorrow.

SHEBA.

Refers to the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. 1 Kings x. 1–13.

The Princess.

SHEBEEN.

= A grog-shop.

Tomorrow.

SHE-GOAT.

= A female goat.

Becket.

SHELLEY.

= The poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley.

The Wreck.

SHEPHERD-DOG.

A dog specially trained to help in tending sheep.

Leonine Elegiacs.

SHERWOOD. SHERWOOD FOREST.

Originally a royal forest situated in the west of the county of Nottingham, but is now almost disafforested, being occupied by gentlemen’s residences, the town of Mansfield, and several villages. It was the scene of the exploits of the famous outlaw Robin Hood and his merry men, and of several conflicts during the Wars of the Roses.

The Foresters.

SHIAH.

On the death of Mahomet the Church which he had founded was divided into two sections, the Shiahs and the Sunnees. The former are the champions of Ali, the fourth Califf, Mahomet’s nephew, and recognized the right of succession to the prophet to rest with him and his descendants. The Persians belong to this sect. The Sunnees, or Sunnites, accept the teaching of the Prophet as of the same authority as the Koran, as their rule of faith and manners, and accept the four Califs—Abu Beker, Omar, Othman and Ali—as the true successors of Mahomet. To this sect the Turks belong.

Akbar’s Dream.

SHREW.

A small animal resembling a mouse, but having a longer and more pointed nose.

Gareth and Lynette.

SHRIKE.

A bird of the family Laniidæ having a strong hooked bill. It impales its prey on thorns, hence it is called also the butcher bird.

Maud.

SHUSHAN.

The Princess.

SICILIAN.

Theocritus, the bucolic poet of Greece, born at Syracuse, in the third century, B.C. His poems, some thirty in number, are pictures of Sicilian life, and are much admired for their beauty and elegance. The date of his death is not known, but it is supposed that for having written some satire of Hiero, king of Syracuse, he was by this king ordered to be strangled in 300 B.C.

Lucretius.

SICILY.

Queen Mary.

SIEGE PERILOUS.

The Round Table made by Merlin contained 150 sieges. One of these was called the ‘Siege Perilous’ and was reserved for the knight who achieved the quest of the Holy Grail. The Round Table is supposed to have been an imitation of the Table of the Holy Grail made by Joseph of Arimathæa, but whether the vacant seat represented the one in which Christ Himself sat, or the traitor Judas, opinions differ. Every seat at the table was inscribed with the name of its occupant, and the name on the ‘Siege Perilous’ was ‘Galahad the Pure.’

Holy Grail.

SIGN OF THE TALBOT.

An Inn sign.

Queen Mary.

SILENT ISLE.

See Maeldune.

Voyage of Maeldune.

SIMEON. SIMEON STYLITES.

A famous monk—founder of a class of recluses, called ‘Pillar-saints’—who lived in extreme seclusion in a Syrian monastery for nine years. At the end of that time he retired to the Syrian desert, where he lived for thirty years on the top of a pillar seventy-two feet high, engaged in prayer and preaching. He died on his pillar at the age of seventy-two and was buried at Antioch. Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire gives an account of this monk.

St. Simeon Stylites.

SIMOIS.

A river of Troy which has its origin in mount Ida. It joins the Scamander, which also has its source in the same mountain, in the plain of Troas, and flowing north-east falls into the Hellespont.

Œnone.

SIMON. SIMON RENARD.

Spanish ambassador to the English court, time of queen Mary.

Queen Mary.

SINAÏ.

= True Faith is enveloped with perplexity, as God was hidden in the cloud of fire and smoke on Mount Sinai. Exodus xix. 16.

In Memoriam.

SINNATUS.

Sinnatus was a libertine, tetrarch of Galatia, but being suspected of infidelity to Rome Antonius, a Roman General, was sent to investigate his honour, and was accompanied by an ex-tetrarch, named Synorix. Some time before he held the tetrarchy, Synorix had become enamoured with Camma, the beautiful wife of Sinnatus, a priestess of Artemis, but being unable to win her by persuasion or force, perpetrated a dreadful deed. He sent to Camma a golden cup embossed with the figure of Artemis, and then by chance fell in with Sinnatus in a hunting expedition. At the end of the day’s sport Sinnatus invited Synorix to his house; where the traitor excited Camma’s fear by swearing that Antonius knew Sinnatus to be false to Rome, and begged her to ask for mercy for her husband at the hands of the Roman General. Camma presented herself at the camp, but instead of Antonius she found Synorix. Drawing her dagger against him, she was disarmed, and Sinnatus rushing to the rescue was slain by Synorix. Camma fled to the Temple for safety, and was subsequently installed Priestess, and Synorix who had been appointed Prince of Galatia, asked for her hand. She accepted him, and crowned herself queen of Galatia; but Camma, learning how treacherously Synorix had deceived her, poisoned the libation in the cup which Synorix had handed to her; and after she had drunk a portion of the liquid she bade him drink the rest; after he had done so she burst into a fierce thanksgiving that she had been permitted to avenge the death of her murdered husband, and she and her would-be betrayer died together.

The Cup.

SIRENS.

In Greek mythology, the Sirens were sea-nymphs, the virgin daughters of Phorcys. They dwelt on the shores of an island between Circe’s isle and Scylla, and sang with such sweetness that they allured and infatuated all who passed by to draw near, but only to meet with death. In Homer there are two, in later writers three, their names being Ligeia, Parthenope, and Leucothea.

The Princess.

SIRIUS.

A dog-star, the brightest star in the heavens and one of the stars of the southern Constellation.

The Princess.

SIRMIO.

The ancient name of modern Sirmione, on the Lago di Garda.

Frater Ave Atque Vale.

SIRMIONE.

A promontory which projects from the southern shore of Lake Garda, and still contains the ruins of a villa said to have been the country-house of Catullus, who wrote his poems there. Here Tennyson wrote his Frater Ave Atque Vale.

Frater Ave Atque Vale.

SIX HUNDRED.

Consisted of the 13th Light Dragoons, the 17th Lancers, the 11th Hussars, the 4th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars, known as the Light Brigade who made the famous charge at the battle of Balaclava.

Charge of the Light Brigade.

SKIPWORTH.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.

SKYLARK.

A lark that mounts towards the sky, and sings on the wing.

Miller’s Daughter.

SLEUTH-HOUND.

A hound that tracks game by the scent; a bloodhound.

Gareth and Lynette.

SLOE. SLOE-TREE.

= The Blackthorn.

The Flight; To Mary Boyle; Amphion.

SLOW-WORM.

= the blind-worm, a reptile that feeds on earth-worms. According to Skeat a slay-worm.

Aylmer’s Field.

SMITH (Dan).

See Dan Smith.

SNAKE.

= a serpent.

Queen Mary; Œnone; Poet’s Song; The Princess; Marriage of Geraint; Merlin and Vivien; Holy Grail; Pelleas and Ettarre; Last Tournament; Lover’s Tale; Death of Œnone; St. Telemachus; Becket.

SNIPE.

A bird of the family Scolopacidæ, having a long, straight, flexible bill.

On a Mourner.

SNOWDON.

A mountain in North Wales.

Golden Year.

SNOWDROP.

A bulbous plant with a white bell-shaped flower, which often appears while the snow is on the ground.

May Queen; St. Agnes’ Eve; The Princess; Last Tournament; Early Spring; Progress of Spring.

SOLECISMS.

A name given to the incongruity of language in the combination of a sentence. Supposed to have been derived from the city of Soli in Cilicia, whose inhabitants—in consequence of their intercourse with the natives—spoke very bad Greek.

The Princess.

SOLENT.

Separates the Isle of Wight from the mainland.

First Quarrel.

SOLOMON.

Refers to the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. 1 Kings x. 1–13.

The Princess.

SOLOMON.

See Ophir.

Columbus.

SOMERSET—SOMERSETSHIRE.

Marriage of Geraint; Promise of May.

SOOMERSET (Somerset).

Promise of May.

SOUDAN.

Refers to the death of general Gordon at Khartoum.

Epitaph on General Gordon.

SOUTHWARK.

Queen Mary.

SPAIN.

The Revenge; Columbus; The Wreck; The Ring; Queen Mary.

SPANIEL.

A sporting dog, having long and thick hair and large drooping ears.

Promise of May.

SPARHAWK.

= the sparrow-hawk.

Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere.

SPARROW.

A small bird of the family Fringillidæ.

Mariana; Amphion; The Window; Maud; Marriage of Geraint.

SPARROW-GRASS.

A corruption of Asparagus.

Spinster’s Sweet-Arts.

SPARROW-HAWK.

= A small European hawk.

Marriage of Geraint.

SPARTAN.

Has reference to the idea prevalent among the Spartans that man lived for his country’s welfare and must make any sacrifice in its behalf.

The Princess.

SPEEDWELL.

A plant with blue, white, or pink flowers.

Promise of May; In Memoriam.

SPHINX.

A monster, the daughter of Chimera, represented with the body of a winged lion and breast and head of a maiden. Juno sent her to Thebes, and taking up her abode upon a rock near the city asked every passer-by the following conundrum: ‘What creature walks upon four legs in the morning, upon two at noon, and upon three in the evening?’ and all those who were unable to answer it she punished by throwing them from the rock. Œdipus, son of Laius, however, succeeded in solving the riddle rightly, whereupon she flung herself from the rock and was dashed to pieces.

Tiresias.

SPIDER.

A web-spinning, apterous insect of the class Arachnida.

The Princess; Merlin and Vivien; Becket; The Foresters.

SPLUGEN.

An Alpine pass in the Grisons.

The Daisy.

SQUIRREL.

A reddish-brown rodent animal, with a long tufted tail.

The Princess; Lover’s Tale; Prologue to General Hamley; The Foresters.

STAFFORD (Sir Thomas).

See Thomas Stafford.

STAG.

A male red-deer.

Becket; The Cup; The Foresters.

STAG-TUCKEY.

= A turkey-cock.

Church-warden and the Curate.

STAMFORD-BRIDGE.

A village on the river Derwent, where king Harold defeated Harold Hardrada (q.v.) king of Norway on September 25, 1066.

Harold.

STAMFORD-TOWN.

A town in Lincolnshire.

Lord of Burleigh.

STANDARD.

= A tree not supported or attached to a wall.

The Blackbird.

STATES.

= United States.

Tomorrow.

STEER.

A farmer.

Promise of May.

STEER (Dora).

See Dora, Dora Steer.

STEERS (Family of).

Promise of May.

STEEVIE.

Name of a man and a cat.

Spinster’s Sweet-Arts.

STEPHEN (Saint).

The first martyr of the Christian church, stoned to death, A.D. 33. See Acts vii.

Two Voices.

STEPHEN.

Name of the lover of the speaker in the poem.

The Wreck.

STEPHEN.

King of England, son of Stephen, earl of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror; crowned at Westminster 1135. Matilda (q.v.) daughter of Henry I, and wife of emperor Henry IV, was the legitimate heir to the throne, but Stephen, taking advantage of her absence, obtained possession of it. Matilda landed in England in 1139 and in 1142 Stephen was taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln by the earl of Gloucester, and sent to Bristol, but was subsequently released in exchange for Gloucester—who had been captured by the friends of Stephen—and again crowned 1141. Eventually peace was concluded by which it was agreed that Matilda’s son Henry should be Stephen’s successor. For several years he was in conflict with Rome, whereby an interdict was laid upon the kingdom in 1148, and some years later failed to obtain the pope’s sanction to the crowning of his son Eustace. He died in 1154, and was buried in Feversham Abbey, which he had founded.

Becket.

STEPHEN GARDINER.

See Gardiner.

STIGAND.

Archbishop of Canterbury. A Saxon prelate who was created bishop of the East Angles in 1038 by Edward the Confessor. Soon after was deprived, but reinstated in 1044. Created bishop of Winchester in 1047 and in 1052 was translated to Canterbury, but although pope Benedict sent him the Pall, his appointment was generally looked upon as uncanonical.

On the death of Harold he supported Edgar Atheling, but eventually submitted and crowned William I at Westminster. Some years later he was deprived and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. He died shortly afterwards and was buried in Winchester Abbey.

Harold.

STOAT.

An animal of the weasel tribe, called the ermine when in its winter dress.

Gareth and Lynette.

STOCK-DOVE.

A wild pigeon, so called from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of trees.

Promise of May.

STORK.

A long-necked and long-legged wading-bird, allied to the heron.

Talking Oak.

STRASBURG.

The capital of Alsace-Lorraine.

Queen Mary.

STRATO.

A Greek name assumed by Synorix.

The Cup.

STYLITES.

See Simeon, Simeon Stylites.

SUCCORY.

A plant of the genus Cichorium, having bright blue flowers. Corrupted from chicory.

Promise of May.

SUFFOLK (Duke of).

Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk, marquis of Dorset, father of lady Jane Grey. Supported lady Jane Grey’s accession to the throne, but relinquishing her cause was pardoned by Mary; joined the insurrection against the Spanish marriage and was executed for treason, 1554.

Queen Mary.

SUFFOLK (Lady).

Queen Mary.

SUMNER-CHACE.

Talking Oak.

SUMNER-PLACE.

Talking Oak.

SUNFLOWER.

A plant of the genus Helianthus, so-called from its flower, which is a large disc, with yellow rays.

A Spirit Haunts; In Memoriam.

SUNNEE.

See Shiah.

SUSSEX.

Harold; Prologue to General Hamley.

SÚTTEE.

A custom prevalent in India for about two thousand years, by which a widow upon the death of her husband burned herself on his funeral pyre.

The Emperor Akbar decreed that every widow who showed the least desire not to be burnt on her husband’s funeral pyre should be let free and unharmed.’

Poet’s Note.

The custom was prohibited in 1829 under lord William Bentinck’s administration.

Akbar’s Dream.

SWALE.

= A river.

Harold.

SWALLER.

= A swallow.

Promise of May.

SWALLOW.

A migratory bird of the family Hirundinidæ, with long pointed wings.

Dying Swan; May Queen; Edwin Morris; Poet’s Song; The Brook; The Princess; The Window; Maud; Coming of Arthur; Ancient Sage; The Ring; Progress of Spring; Queen Mary; Harold; Becket; The Foresters.

SWAN.

A large aquatic fowl of the genus Cygnus, having a long neck, and noted for its graceful movements in the water.

Dying Swan; Palace of Art; Morte d’Arthur; Tithonus; Lancelot and Elaine; Holy Grail; Passing of Arthur; Queen Mary.

SWEET-GALE.

A shrub having bitter fragrant leaves that grows in marshy places.

Edwin Morris.

SWIFT.

A bird resembling the swallow.

Coming of Arthur.

SYCAMORE.

A large tree, allied to the common fig.

Becket; Audley Court; In Memoriam.

SYLLA.

Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a Roman of patrician birth and leader of the aristocratic party in Rome. In 93 B.C. he was prætor, and in 92 B.C. governor of Cilicia. Marcus having revolted against the Senate, Sulla marched to Rome, outlawed Marcus and re-established the power of the Senate. After taking part in several campaigns in Epirus and at Orchomenus, he won the battle of the Colline Gate, outside the walls of Rome, and for having been proscribed he set himself to extirpate his political opponents and caused himself to be proclaimed Dictator in 81 B.C.; resigned the dictatorship in 79 B.C., and retired into private life (138–79 B.C.)

Lucretius.

SYLVESTER.

Sylvester the first, pope of Rome from 314–335 A.D.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

SYNORIX.

An ex-Tetrarch of Galatia. See Sinnatus.

SYRIAN GATES.

A Pass across mount Taurus by which Alexander the Great entered Cilicia.

Alexander.

TAÄTE.

= potato.

Northern Cobbler; Village Wife.

TABLE, ROUND.

See Round Table.

TABOO.

A Polynesian word meaning ‘To forbid.’

The Princess; Kapiolani.

TABOR.

A mountain in Galilee which, according to tradition, was the scene of the Transfiguration, but has little evidence in its favour. A church—now in ruins—built by the Crusaders to commemorate the event crowns the summit.

Queen Mary.

TALBOT.

A large-eared hound, usually white.

Holy Grail.

TALIESSIN.

A celebrated Welsh Poet who lived in the sixth century. The village of Taliesin, in Cardiganshire, is supposed to be built on the site of his grave. Was one of the first poets to celebrate the deeds of king Arthur.

Holy Grail.

TALLYHO.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

TAMESA.

The ancient name of the river Thames.

Boädicea.

TANTIVY.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

TARANIS.

A god to whom the ancient Britons did sacrifice. Equated with the Roman Jupiter.

Boädicea.

TARQUIN.

‘The Tarquin’ here = Sextus, the blood of Sextus.

Lucretius.

TARQUIN.

Tarquin the second, seventh king of Rome. He was, together with his family, expelled about 510 B.C., on account of the outrage committed by his son Sextus on Lucretia, wife of Tarquinius Collatinus. He made several attempts to regain his throne, but being finally defeated fled to Cumæ, where he died.

The Cup.

TEL-EL-KEBIR.

The scene of a memorable victory by the British forces under sir Garnet Wolseley over the Egyptian troops of Arâbi Pasha, September 13, 1882.

Prologue to General Hamley.

TELEMACHUS.

Son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was an infant when his father went to the Trojan war, and after twenty years’ absence Telemachus went to seek him. Having visited Pylos and Sparta he returned to Ithaca, where his mother’s suitors conspired to murder him, but under the guidance of Pallas Athene he discovered his father, and they together succeeded in slaying the suitors. Upon his father’s death he married Cassiphone, and some time after had the misfortune to kill his mother-in-law; he fled to Italy and founded Clusium.

Ulysses.

TELEMACHUS (Saint).

An eastern monk, who went to Rome A.D. 404 to protest against the cruelties of the amphitheatre. He sprang into the arena, and endeavoured to separate the gladiators, but was stoned to death by the spectators. His act and death led to the abolition of the exhibitions.

St. Telemachus.

TEMPLE BAR.

A famous London gateway. Rebuilt after the great fire by Wren in 1660–73, it was removed in 1878–79, and re-erected in Theobald’s Park, Cheshunt, in 1888.

Queen Mary.

TENERIFFE.

Has reference to the Pico-de-Teyde, a famous volcanic mountain in the island of Teneriffe, which was in eruption when Columbus sailed past the island on the night of August 23–24, 1492.

Columbus.

TETRARCH.

A governor of the fourth part of a country under the Roman empire. Herod Antipas and Philip were called Tetrarchs because they ruled the fourth part of the former kingdom of their father Herod the Great. See Matthew xiv. and Luke iii.

The Cup.

TETRARCHY.

Part of a province under a Tetrarch.

The Cup.

THAMES.

Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue; Queen Mary; Harold.

THANE.

In Anglo-Saxon times a title of a dignitary.

Harold.

THEBES.

An ancient city of Greece. The walls of Thebes were anciently believed to have arisen to the music of fairy harps. See Amphion. The city was besieged and taken by Alexander the Great. The walls were broken down, and not a single building was left standing, except the house of Pindar, the Greek poet, whose songs Alexander had always admired.

Tiresias.

THEOBALD.

Archbishop of Canterbury; of Norman blood. Appointed to Canterbury in 1137 and joined Matilda against Stephen, but on the latter’s release from prison submitted and crowned him at Canterbury; attended the pope’s council at Rheims in 1148, although forbidden by Stephen; upon his return was deprived and fled to France; returned and became reconciled to Stephen; refused to crown Stephen’s son Eustace, was imprisoned, but escaping fled to Flanders; recalled and brought about a peace between Matilda and Stephen, and on his deathbed recommended to Henry II Thomas Becket as his successor.

Becket.

THEODOLIND.

Queen of the Lombards, and wife, first of king Authari (A.D. 589), and then of Agilulf.

The Daisy.

THERMOPYLÆ.

= ‘the hot gates.’ A famous pass in Greece, leading from Thessaly into Locris and Phocis. Celebrated for a battle which was fought there B.C. 480, between Xerxes and the Greeks; also of Greece’s struggles against Brennus and the Gauls, B.C. 279.

Third of February.

THESSALIAN.

Has reference to the oracular oaks of Dodona in Epirus. Dodona was an ancient Greek religious centre with a temple dedicated to Zeus, and the priests interpreted the will of the god by the wind rustling through the leaves of the oak or beech trees.

Talking Oak.

THIMBLEBY.

A notorious character who was with Noäks when a keeper was shot dead. For the crime Noäks was hanged.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

THIRLBY.

Thomas Thirlby, the only bishop of Westminster, and successively bishop of Norwich and Ely; as prolocutor to Canterbury Convocation he signed the decree annulling Henry VIII’s marriage with Anne of Cleves, 1540; and the same year was created bishop of Westminster. In 1543 and 1545 he was ambassador to the emperor Charles V of Spain; opposed the Act of Uniformity; appointed to Norwich 1550, and in 1554 translated to Ely by Mary; presided at the trial of bishop Hooper; ambassador to the pope 1555; assisted at the degradation of Cranmer in 1556. On the accession of Elizabeth he refused to take the oath of supremacy, deposed 1559; and continuing to preach against the Reformation was imprisoned 1560 (1506–1570).

Queen Mary.

THISTLE.

A genus of prickly plants. The national emblem of Scotland.

Amphion; Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington; Marriage of Geraint; Last Tournament; Guinevere; Spinster’s Sweet-Arts; Riflemen form!

THOMAS. THOMAS BECKET.

Son of Gilbert Becket. He was educated at Merton Priory and in 1142 entered the household of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; promoted the cause of Henry II against Stephen’s son Eustace; and thus won the favour of that king who in 1155 made him Lord Chancellor; supported Henry’s campaign in Toulouse where he displayed great valour. Upon the death of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, he was appointed to the vacant See, and resigned the office of Lord Chancellor. Like all the Norman kings Henry endeavoured to keep the clergy subordinate to the State and called upon the bishops to sign the ‘customs.’ Becket refused, but afterwards upon an order from pope Alexander III submitted, but refused to seal the Constitution of Clarendon in 1164. In the same year he was summoned to a council at Northampton, to account for various sums of money received by him during his capacity as Chancellor. He appeared at the Council arrayed in his robes, and holding in his hand his cross appealed to the pope; but judgment being given against him he left the palace, stole away by night, and reaching Sandwich put off in a little boat and reached the Flemish coast. During his six years’ exile in France he resided at Pontigny Abbey and at Sens, while Henry confiscated the property of his See. In 1170 he had an interview with Henry at Freteval, in which the king promised to give him the ‘kiss of peace’ when they met in England, and on December 1 of the same year Becket landed at Sandwich and immediately excommunicated the archbishop of York and the bishops of London and Salisbury for having crowned Henry’s son king. Fresh quarrels broke out and Henry, in a fit of passion, exclaimed ‘of all the cowards that eat my bread, is there none will rid me of this turbulent priest?’ Four knights—Reginald Fitzurse (q.v.), William de Tracy (q.v.), Hugh de Morville (q.v.) and Richard de Brito (q.v.) overheard these hasty words and leaving Normandy entered Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170, and demanded from Becket the absolution of the bishops whom he had excommunicated and an acknowledgment of the king’s supremacy; and upon Becket’s refusal slew him before the altar of St. Benedict in the North Transept. Two years afterwards he was canonized, and in 1220 his bones were exhumed from the nave in the crypt and enshrined in a chapel in the cathedral, where they were for three centuries a favourite object of pilgrimage.

Queen Mary; Becket.

THOMAS GRESHAM.

Sir Thomas Gresham, son of sir Richard Gresham and founder of the Royal Exchange and the Gresham College.

Queen Mary.

THOMAS HOWARD.

Lord Thomas Howard, first earl of Suffolk; distinguished himself against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and commanded the squadron which was attacked by the Spanish Fleet off the Azores in 1591; created earl of Suffolk in 1603 by James I; lord high treasurer in 1614, and in 1618 was fined and imprisoned for embezzlement.

The Revenge.

THOMAS OF CANTERBURY.

See Thomas, Thomas Becket.

THOMAS STAFFORD.

Son of lord Stafford and a relative of cardinal Pole; opposed the Spanish marriage and was compelled to seek refuge in France. During the Wyatt insurrection sailed from Dieppe with two ships manned by thirty Englishmen, and landing in Yorkshire surprised and captured Scarborough Castle, but three days afterwards it was retaken by the earl of Westmorland, and Stafford and all his followers were executed.

Queen Mary.

THOMAS WHITE.

Sir Thomas White, founder of St. John’s College, Oxford, born at Reading. Became a London merchant and a member of the Merchant Taylors’ Company. In 1544 he was elected an Alderman for Cornhill, but refusing to serve was committed to Newgate. In 1547 he was appointed Sheriff and some years later (1554) was elected Lord Mayor of London. He sat on the Commission for the trial of lady Jane Grey, received the Spanish envoys and restored the custom of going in procession to St. Paul’s Cathedral to attend high mass. Upon the outbreak of the Wyatt rebellion Mary appealed to the loyalty of the citizens of London, who in response undertook to raise a force of 1,000 men for its defence. These precautions taken by the Mayor and Council prevented Wyatt from entering the city, the rebels being repulsed from Southwark Bridge by White, who arrested the marquis of Northampton, and presided over the Commission at the trial of Wyatt and his adherents. In 1544 an attempt was made to assassinate him whilst attending St. Paul’s, caused by his issuing a proclamation that the citizens of London should follow the Roman Catholic religion. In the following year he obtained the royal licence to found St. John’s College, Oxford, and subsequently went to reside in that city. He died in February 1567 and was buried in the College Chapel (1492–1567).

Queen Mary.

THOMAS WYATT.

Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger son of sir Thomas Wyatt the elder. When a boy he accompanied his father to Spain, where the elder sir Thomas was threatened by the inquisition.

I know Spain. I have been there with my father; I have seen them in their own land; have marked the haughtiness of their nobles; the cruelty of their priests.

On the death of his father in 1542 he succeeded to the title and estates, and in the following year was arrested with the earl of Surrey and others for having eaten meat during Lent, and committed to the Tower, where he remained for about a month. When the announcement of the marriage of Mary with Philip was made, Wyatt regarded it as a national danger, and receiving an invitation from Courtenay, earl of Devon, to join in an insurrection for the purpose of preventing it, undertook to raise the county of Kent. Making Rochester his headquarters he marched to Blackheath at the head of four thousand men. Being proclaimed a traitor some two thousand men were enrolled for the protection of the city of London, bridges over the Thames were either strongly guarded or broken down and a reward set upon his head.

Wyatt (reads). ‘Whosoever will apprehend the traitor Thomas Wyatt shall have a hundred pounds for reward.’

On February 3, 1554, he entered Southwark, but many of his followers deserting him was compelled to evacuate it, marched to Kingston where he arrived on February 6, thence through Kensington and reached Ludgate on the morning of February 8. Finding the gate shut against him he retreated to Temple Bar, and finding his cause was lost surrendered. He was taken to the Tower, tried for high treason, condemned and beheaded on Tower Hill, April 11, 1554. On the following day his head (which was stolen some days later), was hanged to a gallows near Hyde Park, and his limbs were distributed among gibbets in various parts of the city of London (1521–1554).

Queen Mary.

THOR.

The Norse god of thunder.

The Victim; Harold.

THOULOUSE.

See Toulouse.

THREE HUNDRED.

The ‘Three Hundred’ were two squadrons of the Scots Greys and the 2nd squadron of Inniskillings known as the Heavy Brigade who made the famous charge at Balaclava.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

THROSTLE.

= The song-thrush, or mavis.

To the Queen; Claribel; Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere; The Window; Early Spring; The Foresters.

THRUSH.

A bird of the family Turdidæ. It is noted for the sweetness of its song.

In Memoriam.

THURKILL.

A rich landowner of Kingston in Berkshire, killed at the battle of Senlac.

Harold.

THURNABY HOÄLMS.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

THURNABY WAÄSTE.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

THURSBY THURN.

Northern Cobbler.

TIB.

A country wife.

Queen Mary.

TIGER.

A fierce quadruped of the feline kind, native of southern Asia and East Indies.

Palace of Art; In Memoriam; Defence of Lucknow; Demeter and Persephone; Akbar’s Dream; Making of Man; Harold.

TIGER-CAT.

= A wild-cat.

The Princess.

TIGER-LILY.

= A species of lily with spotted flowers.

A Spirit Haunts, etc.

TIGRESS.

= The female of the tiger.

The Princess; Queen Mary.

TIGRIS.

A river in Asia, which rises in the mountains of Kurdistan, and flows into the Persian gulf. On its banks are the ruins of Nineveh.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights.

TIMOUR-MAMMON.

Timour represents the spirit of avarice (see Timur), and Mammon is the Syrian god of wealth.

Maud.

TIMUR.

Refers to Timurbeg, the celebrated Tartar conqueror. He was a typical Asiatic despot, and inspiring a lust for conquest built up a mighty empire. Whilst engaged in an expedition in India, Bagdad revolted, and hastening back he gave the city up to pillage and put to death 80,000 persons. Resolved to make the conquest of China he set out at the head of a large army, but died on the march (1336–1405).

Locksley Hall Sixty Years After.

TINTAGIL.

A strong castle on the coast of Cornwall. It stands upon the summit of a headland and is reached by a steep path through a rugged valley. In Domesday Book it was entered as Dunchine, or Chain Castle. It was at the foot of the rock upon which the castle stands that Merlin found a naked babe upon the sands:

Close by is an immense cavern locally known as Merlin’s cave.

Coming of Arthur; Merlin and Vivien; Last Tournament; Guinevere.

TIRRA LIRRA.

An imitation of a musical sound as of the note of a lark.

Lady of Shalott.

TITANIA.

Queen of the Fairies.

The Foresters.

TITIAN.

An Italian painter (1477–1576).

Romney’s Remorse.

TITIANIC FLORA.

See Flora.

TITMOUSE.

A small bird of the genus Parus.

Maud.

TITYRUS.

A shepherd; one of the characters in Virgil.

To Virgil.

TOFT HALL.

in Somerset; the residence of Philip Edgar, afterwards known as Mr. Harold.

Promise of May.

TOM.

Name of men and cats.

Spinster’s Sweet-Arts.

TOMMY.

Name of a boy.

Northern Cobbler.

TOMMY.

Name of lovers and cats.

Spinster’s Sweet-Arts.

TOMOHRIT.

A mountain in Albania.

To E. L.

TOMYRIS.

Queen of the Massagetæ. After her husband’s death she marched against Cyrus (q.v.), cut his army to pieces and killed him on the spot. She then ordered the head of the fallen king to be cut off, and thrown into a vessel full of human blood, remarking as she did so ‘There, drink thy fill.’

The Princess.

TONUP.

= Turnip.

Village Wife; Owd Roä; Church-warden and the Curate.

TORRE.

Brother of Elaine and son of sir Bernard, baron of Astolat.

Lancelot and Elaine.

TOSTIG.

Earl of Northumbria, son of earl Godwin (q.v.). Was for some years an exile at the court of Baldwin of Flanders. Upon the death of Edward the Confessor he ravaged the south and east coasts, but being driven away by Edwin and Morcar went to Malcolm, king of Scotland, where he stayed for some time. Having invited Harold Hardrada (q.v.), king of Norway, to assist him in conquering England, he met the Norway king off Northumbria and they sailed up the Humber and defeated Edwin and Morcar at Fulford Bridge, but was in turn defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford-bridge, both Tostig and Hardrada being among the slain.

Harold.

TOULOUSE.

I speak after my fancies, for I am a Troubadour, you know, and won the violet at Toulouse;

A city in the south of France. Henry II having laid claim to the earldom of Toulouse, Becket accompanied the English army and fought as a knight in armour, riding at the head of 700 troops equipped at his own expense.

Becket.

TOURNAMENT OF THE DEAD INNOCENCE.

In the early days—the time of Gareth and Geraint—the ‘Tournament of the Dead Innocent’ could have meant but one thing—the memory of the dead innocent babe; but now there is another suggestion in the title, for the purity of the ladies and the knights has faded: it is their innocence that is dead.

This Tournament is the last, and it is a failure. As the gale makes havoc with the emblem of the kings after the Quest of the Grail is ended, so here the ‘useful trouble of the rain’ mars the pageant, and makes it ‘draggled at the skirt.’ And the rules of tournament are not enforced. Lancelot presides as arbiter, but he too is dreaming of dead innocence, and takes so languid an interest that the laws of chivalry are broken before him with impunity.—Littledale: Essays.

Last Tournament.

TOWSER.

Name of a dog.

Promise of May.

TRACY (Sir William de).

See De Tracy (Sir William).

TRAFALGAR.

Has reference to the battle of Trafalgar.

Buonaparte.

TRATH TREROIT.

The scene of king Arthur’s tenth victory over the Saxons. It is identified with a stream near the Solway Firth.

Lancelot and Elaine.

TRAVELLER’S-JOY.

The Clematis Vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers.

Aylmer’s Field.

TREE-FERN.

A fern with a tree-like woody stem.

To Ulysses.

TRIE (Sir Engelram de).

See Engelram de Erie.

TRINACRIAN ENNA.

Trinacrian = Sicilian. Enna (q.v.) was a city in Sicily.

To Professor Jebb.

TRINOBANT.

The inhabitants of Trinobantium, an ancient British tribe who inhabited the present counties of Middlesex and Essex.

Boädicea.

TRISTRAM.

Son of sir Meliodas, king of Liones, and a Knight of the Round Table; married Isolt, daughter of Howell, king of Brittany, but the marriage was an unhappy one, on account of his attachment to Isolt his aunt, the wife of king Mark (q.v.) of Cornwall. This Isolt was the daughter of king Anguish of Ireland, and Tristram escorted her to England as bride for his uncle Mark, and on the morning of the marriage Isolt and Tristram drank a love-potion which kindled in their hearts a passion which compelled them to love each other as long as they both lived. Tristram was slain by Mark while he was dallying with his aunt.

Isolt, seeing her lover dead, flung herself upon his corpse and died also. The two were buried in the one grave by order of king Mark, who planted over it a rose and vine which became so interwoven that it was impossible to separate them.

Gareth and Lynette; Lancelot and Elaine; Last Tournament; Guinevere.

TROAD.

Name of the region round about Troy.

Death of Œnone.

TROAS.

A country in Phrygia in Asia Minor of which Troy was the capital.

Œnone.

TROUBADOUR.

A class of French poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century.

Becket.

TROUT.

A fresh-water fish of the salmon kind.

Miller’s Daughter; Walking to the Mail; The Brook; Church-warden and the Curate; Promise of May.

TROY.

A city of Troas, celebrated as the scene of the legend immortalized by the Iliad of Homer of the abduction of Helen of Sparta by Paris (q.v.), which led to the Trojan war. It was built by the gods Neptune and Apollo for Laomedon, father of Tithonus, the stones of which are said to have been placed in their positions to the sound of Apollo’s lute.

Œnone; Lotos-Eaters; On a Mourner; Ulysses; Specimen of a Translation of the Iliad in Blank Verse; Death of Œnone.

TSERNOGORA.

The Slavonic name for Montenegro.

Montenegro.

TUCK (Friar).

See Friar Tuck.

TULIP.

A bulbous plant, with beautiful bell-shaped flowers of the genus Tulipa.

Gardener’s Daughter; In Memoriam; Voyage of Maeldune.

TUNIS.

Queen Mary.

TURBÌA.

A village near Monaco.

The Daisy.

TURKISH ISLAM.

Montenegro.

TURTLE.

A gallinaceous bird of the genus Columba.

Progress of Spring.

TUSCAN POETS.

Tuscan = the literary dialect of Italy: Poets = Dante, Petrarch, etc.

In Memoriam.

TYNE (river).

The Foresters.

TYROL.

A crownland of Austria. It lies between Bavaria and Italy, and is noted for the beauty of its scenery.

The Princess.

ULAMA.

A body of learned men among the Mohammedans.

Akbar’s Dream.

ULFIUS.

King Arthur’s chamberlain, and a knight of the Round Table. He accompanied Uther when he entered the castle of Tintagel as the duke of Tintagel to have access to the duke’s wife, Ygerne, the mother of king Arthur. He afterwards assisted king Arthur in the great battle of the kings, and was one of the three knights sent by Arthur to king Leodogran to ask for the hand of his daughter Guinevere.

Coming of Arthur.

ULRIC.

A leprous Crusader dwelling according to the custom of the Church and the laws of God in a hut on a solitary moor. His wife refused to leave him, saying she would live and die with him.

The leprosy of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries was supposed to be a legacy of the Crusades.

Happy.

ULYSSES.

= W. G. Palgrave, author of a book of that name. Palgrave was a great traveller, like the Greek Ulysses.

To Ulysses.

UNICORN.

A fabulous animal mentioned by ancient authors, with one horn on the forehead and a body like that of a horse. The Unicorn is mentioned in the Old Testament.

Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? Job xxxix. 10.

Holy Grail.

URANIA.

In Greek mythology the Muse of Astronomy, represented as holding a staff with which she points to a globe.

In Memoriam.

URANIAN.

= Heavenly love.

The Princess.

URIEN.

A king of north Wales. Husband of Morgan le Fay and father of sir Gawain.

Coming of Arthur.

USK.

A river of Monmouthshire.

Marriage of Geraint; Geraint and Enid; Balin and Balan; Pelleas and Ettarre.

UTHER.

Pendragon of the Britons; married Igerna or Ygerne, widow of Gorloïs; father of king Arthur. He succeeded his brother Aurelius (q.v.), king of the Britons, and defeated the Saxons under Vortigern and Hengist. He then overcame Gorloïs, duke of Cornwall, and married his widow Igerna. Uther commanded Merlin to make the Round Table and gave it to king Leodogran who gave it to king Arthur as a wedding gift. Uther was poisoned by the Saxons and buried at Stonehenge near his brother.

Palace of Art; Coming of Arthur; Gareth and Lynette; Geraint and Enid.

VALERY.

See St. Valery.

VALHALLA.

See Walhalla.

VALKYRIAN.