Part 7 — INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME

Abbey lands, the, distributed by Henry VIII., 400; Mary wishes for the restoration of, 422 Aberdeen, Montrose's victory at, 547 Abhorrers, party name of, 620 Addled Parliament, the, 486 Admonition to Parliament, An, 446 Adwalton Moor, battle of, 538 Agitators, choice of, 554; propose to purge the House, 556 Agreement of the People, the, drawn up by the Agitators, 556 Agriculture, More's views on the decline of, 368; progress of, in Elizabeth's reign, 464 Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, 599 Alasco, opinions of, 418 Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, as George Monk, commands in Scotland, 575; effects the restoration, 576; created Duke of Albemarle, 580; holds a command in the battle off the North Foreland, 592; advises Charles II. not to dissolve Parliament, 599 Alençon, Francis, Duke of, Elizabeth proposes to marry, 446; entertained by Elizabeth, 454; attacks Antwerp, 455; death of, 456 Alexander VI., Pope, character of, 375 Alford, battle of, 549 Allen, Cardinal, founds a college at Douai, 453; plots to murder Elizabeth, 454 Alva, Duke of, his tyranny in the Netherlands, 443; discusses the murder of Elizabeth, 445; fails to reduce the Dutch, 449 Amicable Loan, the, 372 Anjou, Henry, Duke of, see Henry III., king of France Annates, first Act of, 388; second Act of, 390 Anne, daughter of James II., birth of, 608; deserts James II., 645; settlement of the crown on, 647 Anne Boleyn, appears at Court, 380; is married to Henry VIII., 389; execution of, 395 Anne of Cleves married to Henry VIII., 400; divorce of, 401 Antwerp attacked by Alençon, 455; taken by Parma, 456 Appeals, Act of, 389; provision for the hearing of, 391 Architecture, Elizabethan, 465; Stuart, 631, 632 Areopagitica, 546 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of, execution of, 636 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of, opposed to Montrose, 547; execution of, 595 Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, secretary to Charles II., 599; intrigues against Clifford, 607 Armada, the Invincible, sailing of, 458; destruction of, 462 Army, the New Model, formation of, 545; attempt of Parliament to disband, 553; choice of Agitators in, 554; gains possession of the king's person, 555; the heads of the proposals presented in the name of, ib.; drives out the eleven members, ib.; turns against the king, 556, 557; expels members by Pride's Purge, ib.; its inability to reconstruct society after the king's execution, 560; overthrows Richard Cromwell, restores and expels the Rump, 575; brings back the Rump, ib.; receives Charles II. on Blackheath, 578; paid off, 584 Army, the Royal, beginning of, 584 Army plot, the, 531 Articles, the ten, 395; the six, 399; the forty-two, 420; the thirty-nine, ib.; declaration of Charles I., prefixed to, 512 Arundel Castle taken and lost by Hopton, 542 Ashley, Lord, see Shaftesbury, Earl of Aske heads the Pilgrimage of Grace, 397 Assembly of divines, proposal to refer church questions to, 534; meeting of, 540; declares for Presbyterianism, 543 Association, the, in defence of Elizabeth, 456 Attainder, Bill of, against Thomas Cromwell, 401; nature of a, ib., note i.; against Strafford, 531 Auldearn, battle of, 547

Babington plots the murder of Elizabeth, 457 Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam and Viscount St. Alban), scientific aspirations of, 474; advises Elizabeth as to the treatment of the Catholics, 475; his conduct to Essex, 478; gives political advice to James I., 486; his jest on Montague's promotion, 494; attacked about monopolies, 495; disgrace of, 496 Bagenal defeated by Hugh O'Neill, 475 Ballard takes part in Babington's plot, 457 Barbadoes, prisoners sent to, 564; dissenters sent to, 588 Barebone's Parliament, the, origin of the name of, 566; dissolution of, 567 Baronets, origin of the order of, 494 Barrow, Henry, a separatist, hanged, 470 Barrow, Isaac, addresses his sermons to the understanding, 598 Basing House taken by Cromwell, 549 Bastwick sentenced by the Star Chamber, 521 Bate's case, 484 Baxter, imprisoned by Jeffreys, 635 Beaton, Cardinal, burns Wishart, 412; is murdered, 414 Bedingfield, Sir Henry, takes charge of Elizabeth, 423 Benevolences raised by James I., 497 Berwick, Treaty of, 526 Bible, the, Henry VIII. authorises the translation of, 396 Bishops, nominated by congé d'élire, 391; first Bill for removing from the House of Lords, 533; impeachment of the twelve, 535; excluded from the House of Lords, 536 Bishops' War, the first, 526; the second, 529 Blackwater, the, defeat of Bagenal on, 475 Blake, defends Taunton, 548; appointed to command the fleet, 565; sent to the Mediterranean, 571; destroys Spanish ships at Santa Cruz, 573; death of, ib. Bloody Assizes, the, 637 Bocher, Joan, burnt, 419 Bohemia, outbreak of the Thirty Year War in, 490 Boleyn, Anne, see Anne Boleyn Bombay acquired by Charles II., 587 Bonner, Bishop, deprived of his see, 416 Booth, Sir George, defeated at Winnington Bridge, 575 Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, career of, 439 Bothwell Bridge, defeat of the Covenanters at, 620 Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII., 405; surrendered by Warwick, 417 Bourbon, the Duke of, revolt of, 371; death of, 374 Boxley, destruction of the rood of, 398 Breda, declaration of, 576; treaty of, 593 Brentford, Charles I. at, 537 Bridgman, Sir Orlando, declares that the king's ministers are responsible, 581 Bridgwater taken by Fairfax, 549; Monmouth at, 637 Brill seized by exiles from the Netherlands, 449 Bristol stormed by Rupert, 538 Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, destroys relics and images in Ireland, 402 Browne, Robert, founder of the Separatists, 470 Brownists, see Separatists Bucer, Martin, teaches in England, 410 Buckingham, George Villiers, First Duke of, becomes Marquis of Buckingham and Lord Admiral, 488; accompanies Charles to Madrid, 497; becomes Duke of Buckingham, and advocates war with Spain, 500; promises money for foreign wars, 501; his ascendency over Charles I., 502; tries to pawn the crown jewels, 503; lends ships to fight against Rochelle, 504; impeachment of, 505; leads an expedition to Ré, 506; feeling of Wentworth towards, 508; murder of, 510 Buckingham, George Villiers, Second Duke of, in favour with Charles II., 599; his sham treaty with France, 603; dismissal of, 608 Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, execution of, 369 Buildings, improvement in, in Elizabeth's time, 465 Bunyan writes Pilgrim's Progress, 596 Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, as Sir William Cecil becomes the chief adviser of Elizabeth, 429; urges Elizabeth to assist the Scotch Protestants, 433; becomes Lord Burghley and discovers the Ridolfi plot, 445; death of, 480 Burnet, Gilbert, his conversation with William of Orange, 645 Burton, sentenced by the Star Chamber, 521 Butler, author of Hudibras, 597

Cadiz, capture of, 464; Cecil's expedition to, 503 Calais, loss of, 427; Elizabeth's hope of regaining, 436; the Armada takes refuge in, 462; Cromwell's anxiety to recover, 571 Calvin, his work at Geneva, 430 Calvinism influences Elizabethan Protestantism, 430 Cambrai, league of, 363; treaty of, 383 Campeggio, Cardinal, appointed legate to hear the divorce case of Henry VIII., 382 Campion lands in England, 453; execution of, 454 Carberry Hill, Mary's surrender at, 439 Cardinal College founded by Wolsey, 377, 383; see Christchurch Carisbrooke Castle, detention of Charles I. in, 556 Carolina, colonisation of, 629 Cartwright advocates the Presbyterian system, 446 Casket letters, the, 440 Castlemaine, Lady, uses her influence against Clarendon, 594 Câteau Cambresis, peace of, 431 Catesby plans Gunpowder Plot, 483 Catharine of Aragon, marriage of, 363; Henry VIII. grows tired of, 379; divorce suit against, 382; is divorced, 389; the sentence of Clement VII. in favour of, 390; death of, 395 Catharine of Braganza marries Charles II., 587 Catherine de Medicis, widow of Henry II., king of France, becomes regent, 433; takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 449 Catherine Howard, marriage and execution of, 401 Catherine Parr, marriage of, 401 Catholics, Roman, laws directed against, 453, 454; their position at the end of Elizabeth's reign, 475; increased persecution of, after Gunpowder Plot, 483; negotiation between James I. and Spain for the relief of, 488; tendency of Charles II. to support, 584; declaration for the toleration of, issued by Charles II., 587; persecuted about the Popish Plot, 616; efforts of James II. in favour of, 634, 638, 640 Cecil, Sir Edward, commands the Cadiz expedition, 503 Chancery, Court of, proposal of the Barebone's Parliament to suppress, 567; reformed by Cromwell, 569; nature of the decisions of, 605 Chantries, Act for the dissolution of, 412; their income vested in the king, 415 Charles I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up, 483; proposals of marriage for, 488; visits Spain, 497; is eager for war with Spain, 500; negotiation for marriage with Henrietta Maria, 501; becomes king and marries Henrietta Maria, 502; adjourns his first parliament to Oxford, ib.; dissolves his first parliament and sends out the Cadiz expedition, 503; meets his second Parliament, ib.; dissolves his second Parliament, 505; orders the collection of a forced loan, 506; meets his third Parliament, 508; consents to the Petition of Right, 509; claims a right to levy Tonnage and Poundage, 510; issues a declaration on the Articles, 512; dissolves his third Parliament, 513; his personal government, 514; levies knighthood fines, 515; insists on the reading of the Declaration of Sports, 517; levies fines for encroaching on forests, 523; levies ship-money, ib.; imposes a new prayer-book on Scotland, 525; leads an army against the Scots, 526; consults Wentworth, 527; makes Wentworth Earl of Strafford, and summons the Short Parliament, 528; dissolves the Short Parliament, marches again against the Scots, and summons the Long Parliament, 529; assents to the Triennial Act, 530; signs a commission for Strafford's execution, 531; visits Scotland, 532; returns to England, 534; rejects the Grand Remonstrance, 535; attempts to arrest the five members, 536; fights at Edgehill, 537; his plan of campaign, ib.; besieges Gloucester, and fights at Newbury, 539; looks to Ireland for help, 541; sends Rupert to relieve York, 543; compels Essex's infantry to surrender at Lostwithiel, and fights again at Newbury, 544; is defeated at Naseby, 548; attempts to join Montrose, 549; sends Glamorgan to Ireland, ib.; gives himself up to the Scots, 551; negotiates at Newcastle, ib.; explains his plans to the Queen, 552; conveyed to Holmby House, 553; conducted by Joyce to Newmarket, 555; attempt of Cromwell to come to an understanding with, 555; takes refuge in the Isle of Wight, and enters into the Engagement with the Scots, 556; removed to Hurst Castle, 557; trial of, 559; execution of, 560 Charles II., as Prince of Wales, possesses himself of part of the fleet, 557; lands in Scotland, 563; escapes to France, 564; offers a reward for Cromwell's murder, 569; issues the declaration of Breda, 576; restoration of, 578; confirms Magna Carta, ib.; character of, 579; leaves the government to Hyde, 580; revenue voted to, 582; approves a scheme of modified episcopacy, 583; keeps a small armed force, 584; retains three regiments on paying off the army, ib.; profligacy of the court of, 586; issues a declaration in favour of toleration, 587; marriage of, and sale of Dunkirk by, ib.; dismisses Clarendon, 594; favours the Roman Catholics, 598; thinks of tolerating dissenters, and supports Buckingham and Arlington, 599; agrees to the treaty of Dover, 600; supports the Cabal, 602; extravagance of, 603; issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 604; goes to war with the Dutch, 605; withdraws the Declaration of Indulgence, 606; assents to the Test Act, 607; dismisses Shaftesbury and makes peace with the Dutch, 608; supports Danby, 610; receives a pension from Louis XIV., 611; is interested in commerce, 612; refuses to make war on France, 613; threatens France with war, 614; dissolves the Cavalier Parliament, 616; dissolves the first Short Parliament, 617; supports his brother's claim to the crown, against Shaftesbury, 618; prorogues the second Short Parliament, 619; dismisses Shaftesbury, 620; dissolves the second and third Short Parliaments, 621; plot to murder, 625; death of, 627; constitutional progress in the reign of, ib. Charles II., king of Spain, bad health of, 592 Charles V., Emperor, as king of Spain becomes the rival of Francis I., 366; vast inheritance of, 369; is chosen emperor, ib.; goes to war with France, 371; captures Francis I. at Pavia, 372; liberates Francis I., 374; allies himself with Henry VIII., 405; makes peace with France at Crêpy, 406; defends Mary's mass, 417; abdication of, 426 Charles IX., king of France, accession of, 433; takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 449; death of, 450 Charterhouse, the persecution of the monks of, 393 Chaucer, influences of the Renascence on, 367 Cheriton, battle of, 542 Chocolate, introduction of, 630 Christchurch, foundation of, 377, 383 Christian IV., king of Denmark, Buckingham's overtures to, 501, 504; defeated at Lutter, 505, 506 Church of England, see England, Church of Churchill, Lord, see Marlborough, Duke of Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of, as Edward Hyde is one of the leaders of the Anti-Presbyterian party in the Long Parliament, 533; becomes Lord Chancellor after the Restoration, 580; character of, ib.; created Earl of Clarendon, 587; is falsely supposed to be bribed, ib.; fall of, 594; escapes to France, 595 Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, recalled from Ireland, 640 Claverhouse, see Graham, John Clement VII., Pope, forms an Italian league against Charles V., 374; appoints legates to try the divorce suit of Henry VIII., 382; revokes the cause to Rome, 383; gives sentence in favour of Catharine, 390 Clergy, the country, 633 Clifford, Thomas, Lord, a member of the Cabal, 602; probable suggester of the Stop of the Exchequer, 604; resignation of, 607 Coaches, improvement in, 633 Coffee-houses, introduction of, 630 Coinage debased by Henry VIII., 409; further debased by Somerset, 416 Coke, Sir Edward, takes part in drawing up the Petition of Right, 508 Colchester, execution of the Abbot of, 400; reduced by Fairfax, 567 Colet promotes the study of Greek, and founds St. Paul's School, 367 Coligny, murder of, 449 College invents the Protestant flail, 615; condemned to death, 622 Colonies founded in Virginia and New England, 489; in Carolina, 629 Common Prayer, the Book of, beginnings of, 409, 410; the first, of Edward VI., 415; the second, of Edward VI., 418; alterations in, in Elizabeth's reign, 429; Strickland proposes to amend, 445; generally accepted by the Parliamentary Presbyterians, 586 Commonwealth, the, establishment of, 561 Commons, the House of, Wolsey's appearance in, 371; made use of by Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII., 389; Elizabeth's relations with, 444; Puritanism of, 445; growing strength of, 468; its tendencies to Puritanism rather than to Presbyterianism, 470; attack on monopolies by, 478; quarrels with James I., 482; anxious to go to war for the Palatinate, 490; votes a small supply, 491; brings charges against Bacon, 495; is eager for war with Spain, 500; refuses supplies to Charles I., unless spent by counsellors in whom it confides, 502; impeaches Buckingham, 504, 505; insists on the Petition of Right, 508; claims Tonnage and Poundage, 510; religious ideas prevailing in, 511; its breach with the king, 513; violent scene before the dissolution of, 514; formation of parties in, 532; scene in, at the passing of the Grand Remonstrance, 534; Presbyterian majority in, 546; new elections to, 551; a mob in possession of, 555; the Agitators propose to purge, 556; Pride's purge of, 557; declares itself supreme, ib.; constitutes a high court of justice, 558; dissolved by Cromwell, 566; inquires into the expenditure of the crown, and impeaches Clarendon, 594; impeaches Danby, 616; the Exclusion Bill in, 617, 621; Tory majority in, 636; James II. attempts to pack, 641; discusses the abdication of James II., 646 Committee of Both Kingdoms, formation of, 542 Communion table, Laud's wish to fix at the east end, 517; decision of the Privy Council on the position of, 519; removed by the soldiers, 529 Comprehension favoured by some of the clergy, 598; attempt of Charles II. to establish, 599 Compton, Bishop of London, refuses to suspend Dr. Sharp, 639 Con, Papal agent at the court of Henrietta Maria, 521 Confederate Catholics of Ireland, the, cessation of hostilities with, 541 Congé d'élire, provision for the issue of, 391 Connaught, proposed plantation of, 528 Constantinople taken by the Turks, 366 Conventicle Act, the, 588 Convention Parliament, the first, 577; the second, 646 Convocation of province of Canterbury offers money for a pardon, 385; agrees to the submission of the clergy, 386 Cornwall, insurrection in, 415 Corporation Act, the, 585 Corporations, remodelling of the, 625 Council of State, the, appointment of, 561 Covenant, the Scottish National, 525; see Solemn League and Covenant Covenanters, the rise of, 619; insurrection of, 620 Coverdale translates the New Testament, 396 Cranfield, see Middlesex, Earl of Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, pronounces Catharine's marriage to be null, 389; is forced to dismiss his wife, 400; composes the English litany, 409; character and position of, 413; wishes to preserve the revenue of the chantries for the poor clergy, 415; tries to find common ground with the Zwinglian reformers, 416; leaves his mark on the Prayer Book, 418; supports Lady Jane Grey, 420; burnt, 426 Crêpy, peace of, 406 Cromwell, Oliver, practical sagacity of, 539; introduces discipline in the Eastern Association, 540; defeats the royalists at Winceby, 542; fights at Marston Moor, 543; advocates toleration, ib.; accuses Manchester, 544; becomes Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army, 545; cuts off the king's supplies, 547; wins the victory at Naseby, 548; reduces Winchester and Basing House, 549; proposes to leave England, 554; gives instructions to Cornet Joyce, 555; attempts to come to an understanding with Charles, ib.; puts down a mutiny in the army, 556; suppresses a rising in Wales and defeats the Scots at Preston, 557; suppresses the Levellers, 562; his campaign in Ireland, ib.; his victory at Dunbar, 563; his victory at Worcester, 564; dissolves the Long Parliament, 566; opens the Barebone's Parliament, 567; becomes Protector, 568; plots against, 569; ecclesiastical arrangements of, ib.; convenes and dissolves his first Parliament, 570; establishes major-generals, ib.; foreign policy of, 571; calls a second Parliament, 572; joins France against Spain, ib.; dissolves his second Parliament, 573; makes war against Spain, ib.; death of, 574 Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to the Protectorate, 574; abdicates, 575 Cromwell, Thomas, advises Henry VIII. to rely on the House of Commons, 385; becomes the king's secretary, and vicar-general, 393; attacks the monks of the Charterhouse, ib.; inquires into the state of the monasteries, 394; attacks the greater monasteries, 397; execution of, 401 Cropredy Bridge, battle of, 544

Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, as Sir T. Osborne, becomes Lord Treasurer, 607; policy of, 610; fails to pass a Non-resistance Bill, 611; promotes the marriage of William of Orange, 613; impeachment of, 616; imprisonment of, 617; liberated, 626; rises in support of William, 645; recommends that the crown be given to Mary, 646 Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, marries Mary, 438; murder of, 439 Darvel Gathern, burning of the wooden figure of, 398 Davison sends the warrant for Mary's execution, 457; dismissal of, 458 Declaration of Breda, see Breda, Declaration of Declaration of Indulgence issued by Charles II., 604; withdrawn by Charles II., 606; issued by James II., 640; reissued, 642 Declaration of Rights, the, 647 Declaration of Sports, the, ordered to be read in churches, 517 Defender of the Faith, title of, 379 Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of, insurrection and death of, 453 Devolution, the war of, 593 Devonshire, insurrection in, 415 Devonshire, William Cavendish, Earl of, rises in support of William of Orange, 645 Digby, John, Lord, his mission to Germany, 497 Dispensing power, the, claimed by Charles II., 604; acknowledged by the judges, 639 Dissenters, the, origin of their name, 585; Charles II. issues a declaration for the toleration of, 587; Conventicle Act against, 588; Five-mile Act against, 590; favour of Charles II. to, 599; reception of the Declaration of Indulgence by, 640 Dissenting Brethren, the five, 543 Divine Right of Kings, doctrine of the, 619 Douai, College at, 453 Dover, treaty of, 600 Drake, Francis, lands at Nombre de Dios, 448; vows to sail on the Pacific, 449; his voyage round the world, 450; (Sir Francis) singes the king of Spain's beard, 458; has a command against the Armada, 460; pursues the Armada, 462; sacks Corunna, and fails before Lisbon, 464; death of, ib. Dramatic writers of the Restoration, 598 Dreux, battle of, 436 Drogheda, slaughter at, 562 Drumclog, skirmish at, 620 Dublin, attempt to seize, 533 Dudley, see Empson and Dudley Dudley, Lord Guilford, marries Lady Jane Grey, 420; executed, 423 Dunbar, battle of, 563 Dunes, the, battle of, 573 Dunkirk, Cromwell wishes Spain to place in his hands, 571; taken from Spain by Cromwell's troops, 573; abandoned by Charles II., 587 Dunkirk House, 587 Dunse Law, Scottish army on, 526 Dunstable, marriage of Catharine of Aragon annulled at, 389 Durham, temporary suppression of the see of, 418; celebration of the mass in the cathedral of, 441 Dutch Republic, the, foundation of, 449; abolition of the Stadholderate in, 565; war between the English Commonwealth and, ib.; peace with, 569; first war between Charles II. and, 589; military weakness of, 591; treaty of Breda with, 593; takes part in the Triple Alliance, 599; combination of England and France against, 600; towns to be taken from, ib.; the second war between Charles II. and, 605; resists Louis XIV., ib.; animosity of Shaftesbury against, 606; peace made by England with, 608; makes peace with France at Nymwegen, 614

Eastern Association, the, formation of, 539; Cromwell's activity in, 540; Manchester in command of the army of, 542 Ecclesiastical Commission, the, established by James II., 639; abolition of, 644 Ecclesiastical Courts, the, attacks on, 385 Edgehill, battle of, 537 Edinburgh, burnt by Hertford, 409; riot in St. Giles's in, 525; Montrose executed at, 563; surrenders to Cromwell, ib. Edinburgh, treaty of, 433 Edward VI., birth of, 397; accession of, 412; precocity of, 419; death of, 420 Ejectors, Commission of, 569 Eleven Members, the, excluded from the House of Commons, 555 Eliot, Sir John, attacks Buckingham, 504; compares Buckingham to Sejanus, 505; his policy compared with that of Wentworth, 508; vindicates the privileges of the House, 512; imprisonment and death of, 514 Elizabeth, daughter of James I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to crown, 483; married to the Elector Palatine, 488 Elizabeth, Queen, birth of, 392; her succession acknowledged, 411; sent to the Tower and afterwards removed to Woodstock and Hatfield, 423; accession of, 428; character and policy of, ib.; modification of the title of, 429; plays off France and Spain against one another, 431; hesitates to assist the Scotch Protestants, 432; assists the Lords of the Congregation, 433; her ill-treatment of Catherine Grey, 435; contrasted with Mary, Queen of Scots, ib.; hopes to recover Calais by assisting the Huguenots, 436; appoints commissioners to examine the case against Mary, 440; detains Mary a prisoner, and suppresses a rising in the North, 441; excommunicated by Pius V., ib.; negotiates a marriage with the Duke of Anjou, 443; her attitude towards the Puritans and towards Parliament, 444; the Ridolfi plot against, 445; proposes to marry the Duke of Alençon, 446; intervenes in Scotland on behalf of James VI., 450; refuses to restore Drake's plunder, 451; her treatment of Ireland, 452; kisses the Duke of Alençon, 454; plot of Allen and Parsons to murder, ib.; Throgmorton's plot to murder, 456; Babington's plot to murder, 457; hesitates to allow the execution of the Queen of Scots, ib.; dismisses Davison, 458; her triumph at the defeat of the Armada, 462; allies herself with Henry IV., 464; shows favour to Essex, ib.; erects the Court of High Commission, 470; sends Essex to Ireland, 475; turns against Essex, 476; withdraws monopolies, 478; nature of the work of, 479; death of, 480 Elizabethan architecture, 465 Empson and Dudley, execution of, 363 Engagement, the, between Charles I. and the Scottish Commissioners, 556 England, the Church of, relations of Henry VIII. with, 377; dealings of Henry VIII. with, 386; the clergy acknowledge the king supreme head of, 386; becomes more national, 391; Parliament acknowledges the king to be supreme head of, 393; Cranmer's position in, 413; ecclesiastical changes in, 414; issue of the first Prayer Book of Edward VI. for, 415; Zwinglian teaching in, 416; issue of the second Prayer Book of Edward VI. for, 418; reconciled to the see of Rome, 424; Elizabeth's settlement of, 429; position of, during Parker's archbishopric, 430; Presbyterian movement in, 446; Presbyterianism adopted by the Assembly of Divines for, 543; restoration of episcopacy in, 583; proposal to establish a modified episcopacy in, ib.; promise of James II. to protect, 634 Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of, suicide of, 625 Essex, Frances, Countess of, divorce and remarriage of, 486 Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, joins in the capture of Cadiz, 464; sent to Ireland, 475; placed in confinement on his return, 476; insurrection of, 477; trial and execution of, 478 Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl of, divorce of, 486; appointed general of the Parliamentary army, 537; commands at Edgehill, ib.; takes Reading, 538; relieves Gloucester and commands at the first battle of Newbury, 539; escapes from Lostwithiel, 544; resigns, 545 Exclusion Bill, the, brought in, 617; rejected by the House of Lords, 621; lost by dissolution, ib. Exeter, besieged by Fairfax, 549 Exeter, Henry Courtenay, Marquis of, executed, 399 Expenditure of the Crown, parliamentary inquiry into, 593

Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord, defeated at Adwalton Moor, 538 Fairfax, Thomas, third Lord Fairfax, as Sir Thomas Fairfax, is defeated at Adwalton Moor, 538; wins a victory at Nantwich, 542; appointed General of the New Model army, 545; relieves Taunton, 547; commands at Naseby, 548; follows up his successes, 548, 549; reduces the king's army in Cornwall, 550; proposed as commander of the forces retained after the disbandment of the army, 553; as Lord Fairfax, puts down the rising in Kent and takes Colchester, 557; absents himself from the High Court of Justice, 559; refuses to command in the war against Charles II., 563; joins Monk, 576 Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, one of the leaders of the anti-Presbyterian party in the Long Parliament, 533; death of, 539 Fawkes, Guy, takes part in the Gunpowder Plot, 483 Felton, John, affixes the Pope's excommunication to the door of the Bishop of London's house, 442 Felton, John, murders the Duke of Buckingham, 510 Ferdinand I., Emperor, inherits the German territories of Charles V., 426 Ferdinand II., Emperor, loses and regains the crown of Bohemia, 490 Ferdinand V. of Aragon, Italian wars of, 363; conquers Navarre, 364; death of, 366 Feudal dues, bargain offered by James I. for, 484; abolition of, 582 Field of the Cloth of Gold, the, 369 Fifth-Monarchy men, 567; oppose Cromwell, 569 Fire of London, the, 592 Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, opposes the divorce of Henry VIII., 382; sent to the Tower, 392; execution of, 394 Fitzmaurice, Sir James, lands in Ireland, 452 Five Articles of Perth, the, 525 Five Knights' case, the, 507 Five Members, the, 535; brought back to Westminster, 536 Five Mile Act, the, 590 Flamsteed, astronomer, 632 Fleetwood named General by the army, 575 Flodden, battle of, 364 Forest, Friar, burnt, 398 Forests, the, fines for encroaching on, 523; the king's claims on, limited, 531 Fotheringhay, execution of Mary Stuart at, 458 Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, minister of Henry VII. and Henry VIII., 363 France, reign of Louis XII. in, 363; attack of Henry VIII. on, 364; in alliance with England, 366; invaded by Henry VIII., 371; peace with, 374; Mary at war with, 426; recovery of Calais by, 427; civil wars in, 436- 443; Philip II. supports the League in, 464; allied with James I., 501; Charles I. breaks with, 506; Charles I. makes peace with, 514; allied with Cromwell against Spain, 572; Danby's policy directed against, 610 Francis I., king of France, his rivalry with Charles V., 366- 369; meets Henry VIII. on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 369; goes to war with Charles V. about Milan, 371; captured at Pavia, 372; liberated, 374 Francis II., king of France, married as Dauphin to Mary Queen of Scots, 413; accession and death of, 433 Frederick V., Elector Palatine, marries Elizabeth, daughter of James I., 488; elected King of Bohemia, 490; driven out of Bohemia, ib.; diplomatic efforts of James I., in favour of, 496; loses the Palatinate, 497 Frith burnt, 390 Frobisher holds a command against the Armada, 460 Furniture, improvement of, in Elizabethan houses, 465

Galway, County, Wentworth punishes the jury of, 528 Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, sent to Rome by Henry VIII., before he is a bishop, 382; opposes farther innovations, 411; excluded from the Council, 412; sent to the Tower, 414; deprived of his see, 416; made Lord Chancellor by Mary, 421 Geneva, establishment of Calvin's system at, 430 Gentry, the country, 633 George of Denmark, Prince, deserts James II., 645 Geraldine rebellion, the, 402 Gerard murders William of Orange, 456 Gerard and Vowel's plot, 569 Ghent, pacification of, 450 Glamorgan, Edward Herbert, Marquis of, his secret mission to Ireland, 549 Glasgow, the Assembly of, 526 Glastonbury, the Abbot of, executed, 400 Gloucester, raising of the siege of, 539 Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, murder of, 615 'Godly party,' the, 544 Gondomar, Count of, negotiates a Spanish alliance with James I., 488, 490 Goring, George Goring, Lord, defeated at Langport, 548 Graham of Claverhouse, John, attempts to suppress the Covenanters, 620 Grammar-schools, foundation of, 419 Grand Remonstrance, the, 534 Great Contract, the, 484 Great Council, the, meets at York, 529 Greenwood hanged, 472 Grey, Arthur Lord, slaughters foreign soldiers at Smerwick, 453 Grey, Lady Catherine, marriage and imprisonment of, 435 Grey, Lady Jane, is proclaimed Queen, 420; executed, 423 Grey, Lord Leonard, becomes Lord Deputy of Ireland, 402; conquers a great part of Ireland, 404 Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury, suspension of, 450 Grocyn encourages the study of Greek at Oxford, 367 Guiana, Raleigh's voyage to, 489 Guinegatte, battle of the Spurs at, 364 Guise, Henry, Duke of, heads the French Catholics, 443; conspires to murder Elizabeth, 454; heads the League, 456; murdered, 464 Guise, Francis, Duke of, takes Calais, 427; murder of, 436 Guisnes, taken by the French, 427 Gunpowder Plot, the, 483

Habeas Corpus Act, 617 Habeas corpus, writ of, dispute whether it ought to show the cause of imprisonment, 507 Hales, destruction of the phial at, 398 Hales, Sir Edward, holds an appointment by the dispensing power, 639 Halifax, George Savile, Earl, afterwards Marquis of, supports the Duke of York's succession, 618; persuades the House of Lords to reject the Exclusion Bill, 621; advises Charles II. to summon Parliament, 626; dismissed by James II., 638 Halley, astronomer, 632 Hamilton, James Hamilton, Duke of, as Marquis of Hamilton dissolves the Assembly of Glasgow, 526; is defeated at Preston, 557 Hamilton family support Mary, 440 Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh assassinates the regent Murray, 441 Hampden resists ship-money, 524; calms the House of Commons after the passing of the Grand Remonstrance, 534; one of the five members, 535; death of, 538 Hampton Court Conference, the, 482 Harlech Castle, surrender of, 550 Havre occupied and abandoned by Elizabeth, 436 Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur, one of the five members, 535 Heads of the Proposals, the, 555 Henrietta Maria, Queen, negotiations for the marriage of, 500; marries Charles I., 502; a papal agent at the Court of, 521; carries abroad the crown jewels, 536; urges Charles not to abandon the militia, 552 Henry VIII., character of, 361; marries Catharine of Aragon, 363; foreign policy of, ib.; promotes Wolsey, ib.; favours More, 368; meets Francis I. on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 369; has Buckingham executed, ib.; invades, France, 371; his views on his relations with the Church, 377; is named Defender of the Faith, 379; thinks of obtaining a divorce, ib.; urges Clement VII. to divorce him, 382; demands a sentence of nullity, 383; makes a victim of Wolsey, ib.; gains the support of the House of Commons, 385; consults the universities, and charges the clergy with being under a præmunire, ib.; obtains from Convocation the title of Supreme Head, 386; has no tenderness towards heresy, 383; obtains the Act of Annates, ib.; marries Anne Boleyn, and is divorced, 389; attempts to suppress heresy, and obtains fresh powers from Parliament, 390; sends More and Fisher to the Tower, 392; Act of Supremacy in favour of, 393; dissolves the smaller monasteries, 394; marries Jane Seymour, 395; issues the ten articles, and authorises the translation of the Bible, 396; deals hardly with the Pilgrimage of Grace, 397; begins the confiscation of the greater monasteries, ib.; attacks relics and images, 398; presides at Lambert's trial, 399; obtains from Parliament the six articles, 399; marries and divorces Anne of Cleves, 400- 401; marries and beheads Catherine Howard, 401; marries Catherine Parr, ib.; his government of Ireland, 401- 404; takes Boulogne, 405; makes war with Scotland, 406; debases the coinage, 409; death of, 411 Henry II., king of France, allied with Scotland, 413; his attitude towards Elizabeth, 432; death of, 433 Henry III., King of France, proposes, as Duke of Anjou, to marry Elizabeth, 443; accession of, 450; murder of, 464 Henry IV., King of France, his succession to the French crown disputed, 456; overpowers the League, 464 Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up, 483; death of, 488 Hereford, besieged by the Scots, 549 Heresy held to be punishable by the Common Law, 419 Hertford, Earl of, see Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of High Commission, the, Court of, erection of, 470; its activity in the reign of Charles I., 520; abolition of, 531 High Court of Justice, the, proposal to constitute rejected by the Lords, 557; constituted by the Commons, 558 Highland Host the, 619 Holland, province of, its influence in the Dutch Republic, 489 Holmby House, Charles I. at, 553; Charles I., removed from, 555 Holmes, Admiral, attacks the Dutch fleet, 605 Hopton, Sir Ralph, commands the Royalists in Cornwall, 537, 538; fights on Lansdown, 538; takes and loses Arundel Castle, 542; is defeated at Cheriton, ib. Holles takes part in holding down the Speaker, 514; one of the five members, 535 Holy League, the, 363 Hooker, his Ecclesiastical Polity, 472 Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, refuses to wear vestments, 417; receives the bishopric of Worcester, 418; speaks of his dioceses as the king's, 420; burnt, 424 Hotham, Sir John, shuts the gates of Hull against Charles I., 537 Hough, chosen President of Magdalen College, 641 Houghton, prior of the Charterhouse, execution of, 394 Hounslow, James II. reviews regiments at, 643 Howard of Effingham, Charles Howard, Lord, commands the fleet against the Armada, 460; takes part in the capture of Cadiz, 464 Howard of Escrick, Edward Howard, Lord, informs against the Whigs, 625 Hudibras, 597 Huguenots, the, supported by Elizabeth, 436; Buckingham lends ships to fight against, 504 Hull, its gates shut against Charles I., 537; besieged by Newcastle, 542 Huntley, George Gordon, fourth Earl of, overpowered by Mary, 437 Humble Petition and Advice, the, 573 Hurst Castle, Charles I. imprisoned in, 557 Hyde, Anne, marries the Duke of York, 608

Images, destruction of, 398 Impeachment of Bacon, 496; of Buckingham, Montague and Manwaring, 511; of Strafford, 530; of twelve bishops, 535; of the five members, 536; of Laud, 546; of Danby, 616; pardon not to be pleaded in bar of, 617 Impositions, the New, first levy of, 484; question of the legality of, 505; act preventing the king from levying, 531 Inclosures, More's attack on, 368; Ket's rebellion directed against, 416; cessation of complaints against, 464 Independents, the, originally known as Separatists, 543; driven from the House, and reinstated by the army, 555; are unpopular after the Restoration, 584 Infanta, the, see Maria, the Infanta Instrument of Government, the, 568 Inverlochy, battle of, 547 Ipswich, Wolsey's college at, founded, 377; sold by Henry VIII., 383 Ireland, under Henry VIII., 401; legislation of Henry VIII. in, 402; destruction of relics and images in, ib.; conquest of a great part of, 404; Henry VIII. named king of, ib.; under Edward VI. and Mary, 451; introduction of English colonists into, 452; landing of Sir James Fitzmaurice in, ib.; the slaughter at Smerwick, and the Desmond rising in, 453; O'Neill's rising in, 475; Essex's invasion of, ib.; Mountjoy's conquest of, 478; plantation of Ulster in, 484; Wentworth's government of, 527, 528; army collected by Strafford in, 529; insurrection in, 533; massacre in, 534; the confederate Catholics in, 541; Glamorgan's mission to, 549; Rinuccini in, 550; soldiers asked to volunteer for, 553; Cromwell in, 562; Ireton and Ludlow in, 567; act of settlement in, 595; James II. supported by the Celtic population of, 640 Ireton draws up The Heads of the Proposals, 555; in Ireland, 563 Italy, the French wars in, 363; the French driven from, 364

Jamaica, conquest of, 572 James I., King of Great Britain (see James VI., king of Scotland), becomes king of England, 481; imprisons Raleigh, ib.; attacks the Puritans at Hampton Court, 482; quarrels with his first House of Commons, ib.; obtains a legal decision in the case of the Post-nati, 483; his government of Ireland, 484; his financial difficulties, ib.; makes Somerset his favourite, 486; offers to bargain with the Addled Parliament, 487; negotiates a Spanish marriage for his son, 488; makes Buckingham a favourite, ib.; sends Raleigh to execution, 489; watches the development of the Thirty Years' War, and summons Parliament to vote supplies, 490; his views on the prerogative, 492; sells peerages, 494; improvement of the finances of, ib.; revokes monopolies, 495; sends Digby to Germany and dissolves Parliament, 496; raises a benevolence, 497; his last Parliament, 500; seeks to marry his son to a French princess, 501; death of, ib. James II., as Duke of York, declares himself a Roman Catholic, 600; his conversion known, 607; resigns the Admiralty, ib.; marriages of, 608; attempt to exclude from the throne, 617; his cruelty to the Scottish covenanters, 620; is present at his brother's death, 627; accession of, 634; first acts of the reign of, 635; marches against Monmouth, 637; violates the Test Act and prorogues Parliament, 638; claims the dispensing power and establishes an ecclesiastical commission, 639; his government of Scotland and Ireland, 640; issues a declaration of indulgence, ib.; expels the Fellows of Magdalen and tries to pack a Parliament, 641; issues a second declaration of indulgence, 642; hears of the acquittal of the seven Bishops, 643; birth of a son of, 644; makes concessions on hearing of William's approach, ib.; attempts to escape, 645; embarks for France, 646; alleged virtual abdication of, ib. James (the old Pretender), birth of, 644 James IV., King of Scotland, killed at Flodden, 364 James V., King of Scotland, policy of, 404; death of, 405 James VI., King of Scotland, birth and accession of, 439; assisted by Elizabeth, 450; becomes the tool of Lennox, 454; is captured by Protestant lords, 455; becomes king of England, 481; see James I., King of Great Britain Jane Seymour marries Henry VIII., 395; death of, 397 Jaureguy tries to murder William of Orange, 454 Jeffreys enforces the surrender of charters, 625; sends Baxter to prison, 635; is made Chief Justice, ib.; conducts the Bloody Assizes, 637; becomes Chancellor, 638 Jesuits, the, origin of, 436; land in England, 453; Act of Parliament against, 456 Jones, Inigo, buildings by, 632 Jones, Michael, commands in Dublin, 562 Joyce, Cornet, carries off Charles I. from Holmby, 555 Julius II., papacy of, 363; character of, 375

Lambert burnt as a heretic, 399 Lambert, Major-General, defeats Booth at Winnington Bridge, 575 Langport, battle of, 548 Langside, defeat of Mary at, 440 Lansdown, battle of, 538 Latimer made Bishop of Worcester, 390; driven from his see, 400; sermons preached at Court by, 417; burnt, 425 Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, character and opinions of, 516; becomes Archbishop of Canterbury, and advises the republication of the Declaration of Sports, 517; wishes that the communion table shall stand at the East end, ib.; conducts a metropolitical visitation, 520; unpopularity of, 521; imprisonment of, 530; execution of, 546 Lauderdale, John Maitland, Earl of, strengthens the king's authority in Scotland, 602; his management of Scotland, 619 League, the, formed against Henry of Navarre, 456 Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, favoured by Elizabeth, 435; made Earl of Leicester, 438; commands an army in the Netherlands, 457 Leighton punished by the Star Chamber, 514 Leith, surrender of the French garrison of, 433 Lely, Sir Peter, portraits by, 631 Lennox, Esmè Stuart, Duke of, favourite of James VI., 455 Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, 443 Lenthall, Speaker of the Long Parliament, 536 Leo X., Pope, character of, 375 Leopold I., Emperor, marries the daughter of Philip IV. of Spain, 592 Leslie, David, overthrows Montrose, 549; is defeated at Dunbar, 563 Levellers, the, 561 Leven, Alexander Leslie, Earl of, as Alexander Leslie, commands the Scots on Dunse Law, 526; becomes Earl of Leven, and invades England, 542 Leyden, relief of, 449; congregation of English Separatists at, 489 Linacre, promotes the study of Greek at Oxford, 367 Lincoln, stormed by Manchester, 542 Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of, fails to relieve Rochelle, 510 Lisle, Alice, execution of, 637 Litany, the English, composed by Cranmer, 409 Loch Leven Castle, Mary imprisoned in, 410 London, Lady Jane Grey unpopular in, 420; provides ships instead of money for the ship-money fleet, 523; welcomes Charles I. on his return from Scotland, 534, 535; declares against Charles I., 536; sends out trained bands to Gloucester, 539; attaches itself to the Presbyterian party, 555; influences the Whigs in, 622; Tory elections in, 623; forfeiture of the charter of, 624; growth of, 629; condition of the streets of, 631; restoration of the charter of, 644 Lords, House of, results of the disappearance of the abbots from, 400; a bill thrown out for removing the bishops from, 533; bishops excluded from, 536; refuses to join in constituting a High Court of Justice, 557; dissolution of, 561; imprisons Shaftesbury, 612; discusses the abdication of James II., 646 Lords of the Congregation, rise against Mary of Guise, 432; are helped by Elizabeth, 433 Louis XII., King of France, Italian wars of, 363; marriage and death of, 364 Louis XIII., King of France, negotiates for his sister's marriage, 501; resistance of Rochelle to, 504; besieges Rochelle, 506 Louis XIV., King of France, buys Dunkirk from Charles II, 587; gives a slight support to the Dutch against England, 591; his designs on the Spanish inheritance, 592; signs the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 599; obtains the treaty of Dover from Charles II., 600; invades the Dutch territory, 605; pensions Charles II., 611; is successful in the Netherlands, 613; sends money to Charles II. to prevent the summoning of a parliament, 627; offers financial help to James II., 635; revokes the Edict of Nantes, 638; offers to send his fleet to help James II., 644 Lowestoft, battle off, 590 Loyola, Ignatius, founds the Jesuit Society, 437 Ludlow, Edmund, in Ireland, 563 Lunsford, Thomas, Lieutenant of the Tower, 535 Luther, Martin, opposes the Papacy, 377; has a controversy with Henry VIII., 379 Lutheranism, character of, 376, 377; its influence in England, 396 Lutter, Christian IV. defeated at, 506

Madrid, journey of Prince Charles to, 497 Magdalen College, Oxford, expulsion of the Fellows of, 641; restoration of the Fellows of, 644 Maitland of Lethington, William, opposes the Presbyterian clergy, 434 Major-generals, the, 571 Manchester, Edward Montague, Earl of, impeached, as Lord Kimbolton, 535; brought back to Westminster, 536; becomes Earl of Manchester and is placed in command of the Eastern Association, 542; attacked by Cromwell, 544; resigns his command, 545 Mansfeld, Count, failure of his expedition, 501 Manwaring, Roger, impeached, 511; receives a good living from Charles I., 512 Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., excluded from the succession, 411 Margaret Theresa, daughter of Philip IV., marries Leopold I., and renounces the Spanish succession, 592 Maria, the Infanta, proposal to marry her to Prince Charles, 488; shrinks from marrying a heretic, 497; is courted by Charles, 498 Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV., marries Louis XIV., and renounces the Spanish succession, 592 Marignano, battle of, 366 Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, as Lord Churchill, deserts James II., 645 Marprelate Tracts, the, 470 Marston Moor, battle of, 543 Mary I., daughter of Henry VIII., as princess, successively engaged to Francis I. and his second son, 374; her place in the succession acknowledged by statute, 411; protected by Charles V., 414; popularity of, 420; is proclaimed queen, 421; her feelings and opinions, ib.; wishes to restore the Church lands, 422; is married to Philip II., 423; obtains the reconciliation of England to the Roman see, 424; supports the persecution of Protestants, ib.; resolves to put Cranmer to death, 425; deserted by her husband, 426; declares war with France, 427; death of, ib. Mary II., birth of, 608; her hand offered to William of Orange, 609; marriage of, 613; finds fault with Danby, 646; the crown offered to, 647 Mary, daughter of Henry VII., marriages of, 364; her place in the succession acknowledged in exclusion of her sister Margaret, 411 Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland, her contests with the Protestants, 432; death of, 433 Mary of Modena marries the Duke of York, 608 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, birth of, 405; taken to France and married to the Dauphin, 413; assumes the style of Queen of England, 433; returns to Scotland, 434, 435; character of, 437; marries Lord Darnley, 438; being charged with the murder of Darnley, marries Bothwell, 439; imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle, 440; escapes to England, ib.; is retained as a prisoner, 441; marriage with the Duke of Norfolk, proposed for, ib.; Ridolfi's plot on behalf of, 445; trial of, 457; execution of, 458 Massey, Roman Catholic Dean of Christchurch, 639 Matthias, the Emperor, resistance of the Bohemians to, 490 Maximilian I., Emperor, Italian wars of, 363; death of, 369 Mayflower, the, voyage of, 490 Maynard, Sergeant, his answer to William III., 646 Mayne, Cuthbert, execution of, 453 Maynooth taken by Skeffington, 402 Mazarin, Cardinal, makes an alliance with Cromwell, 572 Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commands the Spanish Armada, 460; is received by Philip II. after his defeat, 462 Medway, the, the Dutch in, 593 Melville, Andrew, insults James VI., 525 Mendoza sent out of England by Elizabeth, 456 Metropolitical Visitation, the, 520 Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, Earl of, improves the finances of James I., 494; impeachment of, 500 Milan, struggle between Charles V. and Francis I. for, 371 Militia, the, struggle for the command of, 536; the Scots urge Charles I. to abandon, 552 Millenary Petition, the, 482 Milton writes Comus, 519; writes Areopagitica, 546; writes a sonnet on the Vaudois, 572; publishes Paradise Lost, 596 Mompesson, Sir Giles, flies from the kingdom, 495 Monasteries, dissolution of the smaller, 394; surrender of some of the greater, 397; completion of the suppression of, 400 Monk, see Albemarle, Duke of Monmouth, Duke of, proposed as heir to the crown, 618; defeats the Covenanters at Bothwell Bridge, 620; refuses to take part in acts of violence, 624; implicated in a Whig plot, 625; rebellion and execution of, 637 Monopolies, the, Elizabeth recalls some of, 478; attacked by Parliament in the reign of James I., 494; revocation of, 495; Act of, 500 Monro, Major-General Robert, holds Carrickfergus, 541 Montague, Chief Justice, becomes Lord Treasurer, 494 Montague, Ralph, accuses Danby, 616 Montague, Richard, impeached, 511; made a bishop, 512 Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of, his campaign in the Highlands, 547, 549; execution of, 563 More, Sir Thomas, writes Utopia, 367; in favour with Henry VIII., 368; is Speaker of the House of Commons, 371; becomes Chancellor, 387; his displeasure with the Protestants, 388; resigns the chancellorship, ib.; is sent to the Tower, 392; execution of, 394 Morley, Bishop, sermons of, 548 Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Lord, conquers Ireland, 478 Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord, court martial on, 528 Munster, attempt to colonise, 475 Münster, the Bishop of, overruns two Dutch provinces, 591 Murray, Earl of, is driven into England, 438; returns to Scotland, 439; becomes Regent, 440; produces the Casket letters, ib.; assassinated, 441

Nantwich, battle of, 542 Naseby, battle of, 548 Navarre conquered by Ferdinand of Aragon, 364 Navigation Act, the, passing of, 565; re-enactment of, 589 Navy, the English, defeats the Spanish Armada, 460- 464; equipped by means of ship-money, 523; desertion of part of, to the Prince of Wales, 557; Blake in command of, 565; its contests with the Dutch, 591; deterioration in the discipline of, 605 Netherlands, the, inherited by Philip II., 426; Alva's government of, 443; beginning of the Dutch Republic in, 449; division into two parts, 450; see Netherlands, the Spanish, and Dutch Republic Netherlands, the Spanish, Alexander of Parma in, 450 New Amsterdam captured by the English, 589 New England, colonisation of, 489 New Model Army, see Army, the New Model New York, named after the Duke of York, 589; secured to England, 593 Newark surrenders to the Scots, 551 Newburn, rout of, 529 Newbury, first battle of, 539; second battle of, 544 Newcastle, Charles I. at, 551 Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl, afterwards Marquis of, commands a Royalist army in Yorkshire, and defeats the Fairfaxes at Adwalton Moor, 538; is created Marquis, and besieges Hull, 542; besieged in York, ib.; defeated at Marston Moor, 543 Newport, the treaty of, 557 Newton, Sir Isaac, 632 No Addresses, vote of, 556 Non-resistance Bill, the, 611 Norfolk, resistance to the Amicable Loan in, 372; Ket's rebellion in, 415 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of, defeats the Scots, as Earl of Surrey, at Flodden, 364 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of, opposes Wolsey, 383; charges Cromwell with treason, 401; wastes the Scottish Borders, 405; condemned to death, 411 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, sent to the Tower, 441; is liberated and proposes to marry Mary Stuart, 444; arrested, 445; executed, 446 Norris, Sir John, joins Drake in sacking Corunna, 464 North Foreland, battle off, 591 Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, as Earl of Warwick, overpowers Ket's rebellion, 416; leads the government after Somerset's fall, ib.; becomes Duke of Northumberland, 418; supports Lady Jane Grey, 420; execution of, 421 Northumberland, Thomas Percy, Earl of, takes part in the rising of the North, 441 Nottingham, Charles I. sets up his standard at, 537 Nymwegen, peace of, 615

Painting, mainly in the hands of foreigners, during the Stuart period, 631 Palatinate, the, Spinola's invasion of, 490; Imperialist invasion of, 496; loss of, 497; failure of the negotiation to induce the king of Spain to obtain the restitution of, 500; attempt to send Mansfeld to recover, 501 Papacy, the, immorality of, 375; legislation against the payment of annates and Peter's pence to, 388, 390 Papal jurisdiction in England, abolition of, 389, 391 Paradise Lost, publication of, 596 Paris submits to Henry IV., 464 Parker, Matthew, becomes Archbishop of Canterbury, 429; character and position of, 430 Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, a secret Roman Catholic, 639; intrusive President of Magdalen College, 641 Parliament, relations of Henry VIII. with, 385; relations of Elizabeth with, 444; the Addled, 485; the Short, 528; the Long, 529; formation of parties in, 532; struggles with Charles I. for the militia, 536; raises forces against the king, 537; tries to disband the army, 553; its speakers take refuge with the army, 555; dissolution of, by Cromwell, 566; the Barebone's, ib.; the first, of the Protectorate, 570; the second, of the Protectorate, 572; Richard Cromwell's, 574; restoration of the Long, 575; final dissolution of the Long, 576; the first convention, 577- 584; the Cavalier, 585; supports the Church more than the king, 586; rejects the declaration of Charles II. in favour of toleration, 587; Albemarle resists the dissolution of, 599; opposes James II., 638; James II. attempts to pack, 641 Parma, Alexander Farnese, Prince of, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, 450; gains ground in the Netherlands, 454- 456; takes Antwerp, 456; takes Zutphen, 457; hopes to transport an army to England, 459; blockaded by the Dutch, 462; sent to aid the League, 464 Parris, Van, burnt, 419 Parsons, Robert, lands in England, 453; escapes, 454 Parsons, Sir William, one of the Lords Justices in Ireland, 533 Parties, Parliamentary, formation of, 532; development of, 610, 628 Paulet, Sir Amias, refuses to put Mary Stuart to death, 457 Pavia, battle of, 372 Penn and Venables, expedition of, to the West Indies, 571 Pennsylvania, colonisation of, 629 Penruddock captures the judges at Salisbury, 571 Penry, John, hanged, 472 Pepys pities dissenters, 588 Perth, the five articles of, 525 Peter Martyr teaches in England, 416 Peter's Pence, abolition of, 391 Petition of Right, the, 508 Petitioners, party name of, 620 Philip II., King of Spain, marries Mary, 423; abdication of Charles V. in favour of, 426; deserts Mary, ib.; induces Mary to declare war against France, 427; makes peace with France, 431; proposes to marry Elizabeth, 432; persecutes the Protestants in the Netherlands, 443; annexes Portugal, and shares in a plot for the invasion of England and the murder of Elizabeth, 454; undertakes the invasion of England, 456; claims the English crown, 458; appoints a commander for the Armada, 460; supports the League in France, 464 Philip III., King of Spain, James I. seeks an alliance with, 488 Philip IV., King of Spain, receives Prince Charles, and negotiates with the Pope about his sister's marriage, 497; consults theologians, 498; informs Charles of his terms, 500; death of, 592 Philiphaugh, battle of, 549 Philip's Norton, Monmouth at, 637 Pilgrim Father, the, 489 Pilgrim's Progress, publication of, 596 Pilgrimage of Grace, the, 396, 397 Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, 413 Pius V., Pope, excommunicates Elizabeth, 441 Plague, the, devastations of, 590 Plymouth held by a Parliamentary garrison, 538 Pole, Reginald, opposes Henry VIII. and becomes a cardinal, 399; as Papal legate reconciles England to the see of Rome, 424; becomes archbishop of Canterbury, 426; death of, 427 Ponet made Bishop of Winchester, 416 Popish Plot, the, 615 Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of, as Lord Weston, becomes Lord Treasurer, 514; made Earl of Portland and dies, 521 Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of, betrays the secrets of Charles II., 602; extravagance of, 603 Portugal subdued by Philip II., 454 Post-nati, the, 483 Powick Bridge, skirmish at, 537 Poyntz, Major-General, defeats Charles I. at Rowton Heath, 549 Prayer Book, the, see Common Prayer, Book of Prayer Book, the Scottish, introduced by Charles I., 525 Prerogative, the, opinion of James I. about, 492 Presbyterian clergy, the, prepared to accept a modified episcopacy, 583; expelled from their livings, 585; proposal of Charles II. to obtain comprehension for, 599 Presbyterian party, the, in a majority in the House of Commons, 546; attempts to disband the army, 553; negotiates with the Scots for a fresh invasion of England, 554; generally accepts the Prayer Book, 586 Presbyterianism emanates from Geneva, 430; its organisation completed in France, 431; adopted in Scotland, 434; attempts to establish, in England, 470; feeling in the Long Parliament about, 532; adopted by the Assembly of Divines, 543; Charles I. urged to establish in England, 551 Preston, Cromwell's victory at, 557 Prichard, Lord Mayor, 624 Pride's Purge, 557 Privilege of Parliament, Strickland's case of, 445; Eliot's vindication of the, 512 Privy Council, the, Temple's scheme for reforming, 617 Prophesyings, the, 450 Protectorate, establishment of the, 568 Protestants, the English, feeling of Henry VIII. and More towards, 388; parties amongst, 413; the Marian persecution of, 424; local distribution of, 426; their position at Elizabeth's accession, 428; influence of Calvinism on, 430 Prynne, character and writings of, 519; his sentence in the Star Chamber, ib.; second sentence on, 521 Pularoon, refusal of the Dutch to surrender, 589; abandoned by the English, 593 Puritans, the, aims of, 444; gain influence in the House of Commons, 445, 468; the Court of High Commission directed against, 470; opinions of, at the Hampton Court Conference, 482; unpopular after the restoration, 586 Purveyance, abolition of, 582 Pym differs from Eliot on the method of dealing with the question of Tonnage and Poundage, 512; addresses the Short Parliament on grievances, 529; proposes in the Long Parliament the impeachment of Strafford, ib.; his view of Strafford's case, 530; discloses the army plot, 531; is one of the leaders of the party of the Grand Remonstrance, 534; accused as one of the five members, 535; urges the House of Commons to resist Charles I., 540; death of, 542

Raleigh, Sir Walter, takes part in the capture of Cadiz, 464; sentenced to death and imprisonment, 481; loses Sherborne, 486; voyage to Guiana and execution of, 499; his colony in Virginia, ib. Ré, Buckingham's expedition to, 506 Reading taken by Essex, 538 Reading, the abbot of, executed, 400 Recusancy laws, the, penalties inflicted by, 454 Regicides, the, execution of, 582 Reims, College at, 453 Relics, destruction of, 398 Renascence, the, character of, 366; its influence on England, 367; immorality of, 374, 375 Requesens, governor of the Netherlands, 449 Ruyter, De, captures English forts in Guinea, 589 Revenue of the crown fixed after the Restoration, 582 Revolution of 1688-9, 646- 648 Ridley made Bishop of London, 416; burnt, 425 Ridolfi plot, the, 444 Rinuccini, Archbishop, arrives in Ireland, 550; leaves Ireland, 562 Ripon, treaty of, 529 Rising in the North, the, 441 Rizzio, David, murder of, 439 Roads, improvement in, 633 Rochelle, Buckingham lends ships to fight against the Huguenots of, 504; siege of, 506; expedition to the relief of, 510 Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of, advises against the summoning of Parliament, 626; dismissal of, 640 Rogers, John, burnt, 424 Rome taken by the Duke of Bourbon, 374 Root and Branch Bill, the, 533 Roundway Down, battle of, 538 Rowton Heath, battle of, 549 Royal Society, the, foundation of, 598 Rump, the name given to the remnant of the Long Parliament, 565; dissolved by Cromwell, 566; brought back, expelled and brought back again, 575; final dissolution of, 576 Rupert, Prince, commands the cavalry at Edgehill, 537; storms Bristol, 538; is defeated at Marston Moor, 543; takes part in the battle of Naseby, 548; surrenders Bristol, 549; holds a command in the battle off the North Foreland, 592; defeated off the Texel, 608 Russell, William Russell, Lord, supports the Exclusion Bill, 617; refuses to take part in acts of violence, 624; trial of, 625; execution of, 626 Rye House Plot, the, 625

Sa, Dom Pantaleon, execution of, 569 St. Andrews captured by the French and recaptured, 413 St. Bartholomew, massacre of, 449 St. Bartholomew's day, ejection of the Presbyterian clergy on, 585 St. Paul's, Old, burnt, 592 Salisbury, Penruddock captures the judges at, 571 Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Earl of, as Sir Robert Cecil, secretary to Elizabeth and James I., 480, 481; becomes Earl of Salisbury and Lord Treasurer, 484; orders the levy of new impositions, ib.; death of, 486 Salisbury, Countess of, executed, 401 San Domingo, Penn and Venables attack, 572 Santa Cruz, Blake destroys Spanish ships at, 573 Savoy Conference, the, 585 Savoy, Duke of, persecutes the Vaudois, 572 Scotland, power of the nobles in, 404; Hertford's invasion of, 409; Protestant missionaries in, 412; Somerset's invasion of, 413; the Reformation in, 432; the intervention of Elizabeth in, 433; Presbyterianism in, 434; Mary lands in, 435; Mary's government of, 437- 440; civil war in, 443; projected union with, 482; Episcopacy and Presbyterianism in, 524; introduction of a new prayer book in, 525; national covenant signed in, ib.; first Bishops' war with, 526; episcopacy abolished by the Assembly and Parliament of, 527; the second Bishops war with, 529; visit of Charles I. to, 532; solemn league and covenant with, 540; sends an army into England, 542; its army recalled, 553; proposal of a new invasion of England by, 554; engagement signed with Charles I. by Commissioners of, 556; Charles II. and Cromwell in, 563; Restoration settlement of, 595; Lauderdale's influence in, 602; Lauderdale's management of, 619; Covenanters in, ib.; rising of the Covenanters in, 620; under James II., 639 Scottish army, the, encamps on Dunse Law, 526; routs the English at Newburn, 529; invades England, 542; besieges York, ib.; takes part in the battle of Marston Moor, 543; receives Charles I. at Southwell, and conveys him to Newcastle, 551; negotiation for the abandonment of Charles I. by, 553; returns to Scotland, 553; is defeated at Dunbar, 563; and at Worcester, 564 Second Civil War, the, 556, 557 Sedgemoor, battle of, 637 Selby taken by the Fairfaxes, 542 Selden, John, takes part in drawing up the Petition of Right, 508 Self-denying Ordinance, the, 545 Seminary priests, the, 453; Act of Parliament against, 456 Separatists, the, principles of, 470; settlement of, in Leyden and New England, 469; receive the name of Independents, 543; see Independents Settlement, Irish Act of, 595 Seven Bishops, the, petition presented by, 642; trial of, 643 Seymour, Jane, see Jane Seymour Seymour of Sudley, Lord, execution of, 415 Seymour, William, heir of the Suffolk line, 480 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of, early life of, 602; policy of, 603; supports the Declaration of Indulgence, 605; becomes Earl of Shaftesbury and Chancellor, ib.; his invective against the Dutch, 606; dismissal of, 608; leads the opposition, ib.; supports toleration for Dissenters only, 610; declares the present Parliament to be dissolved, 612; encourages belief in the Popish Plot, 616; his position similar to that of Pym, 618; supports the Exclusion Bill, ib.; indicts the Duke of York as a recusant, 621; supported by the third Short Parliament, ib.; the Grand Jury throw out a Bill against, 622; Dryden's satire on, 623; proposes to attack the king's guards, 624; exile and death of, ib. Shakspere, William, teaching of, 474 Sharp, Archbishop, murder of, 620 Sherborne taken by Fairfax, 548 Sherfield, Henry, fined by the Star Chamber, 515 Ship-money, levy of, 523; resisted by Hampden, 524 Ships, comparison between English and Spanish, 459 Shrines, destruction of, 398 Sidney, Algernon, execution of, 626 Sidney, Sir Philip, death of, 457 Sinclair, Oliver, killed at Solway Moss, 405 Skeffington, Lord Deputy, takes Maynooth, 402 Slave trade, the, carried on by Elizabethan sailors, 447 Smerwick, slaughter at, 453 Solemn league and covenant, the, 540 Solway Moss, defeat of the Scots at, 405; Charles I. urged by the Scots to take, 551 Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, invades Scotland as Earl of Hertford, 406; becomes Duke of Somerset and Protector, 412; defeats the Scots at Pinkie Cleugh, 413; possession of Church property by, 415; expelled from the Protectorate, 416; execution of, 418 Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of, favourite of James I., 486; disgrace of, 488 Somerset House, building of, 435 Southwell, Charles I. surrenders to the Scots at, 551 Southwold Bay, battle in, 605 Spain, resources of, 426; maritime power of, 447; authority of, in the West Indies challenged by English sailors, ib.; navy of, 459; English attacks on, 464; sends an expedition to Kinsale, 478; its alliance sought by James I., 486; attack of Raleigh on the colonies of, 489; sends troops to occupy the Palatinate, 490; protest of the Commons against an alliance with, 496; visit of Prince Charles to, 497; eagerness in England for war with, 500; money voted for war with, 501; expedition against Cadiz in, 503; Charles I. makes peace with, 514; Cromwell makes war on, 571; question of the succession to, 592 Spenser, Edmund, his Faerie Queen, 473 Spinola, Ambrogio, invades the Palatinate, 490 Spurs, battle of the, 364 Stadholder, office of, 449; abolition of the office of, 565 Stainer, Admiral, captures a Spanish fleet, 572 Star Chamber, Court of, its sentences in the reign of Charles I., 514, 519, 521; abolition of, 531 Stillingfleet aims at comprehension, 598 Stop of the Exchequer, the, 604 Stow-on-the-Wold, surrender of the last Royalist army at, 550 Stafford, William Howard, Viscount, execution of, 621 Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, as Sir Thomas Wentworth, his policy contrasted with that of Eliot, 508; brings in a bill to secure the liberty of the subject, ib.; becomes Lord Wentworth and President of the Council of the North, 514; becomes Lord Deputy of Ireland, 527; created Earl of Strafford, and advises the summoning of the Short Parliament, 528; does not advise the prolongation of the second Bishops war, 529; collects an Irish army, ib.; is impeached, 530; Bill of Attainder against, ib.; execution of, 531 Stratton, battle of, 538 Strickland moves for an amendment of the Prayer Book, 445 Strode, William, one of the five members, 535 Submission of the clergy, the, 386 Succession, Act of, 392 Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, marries Mary, sister of Henry VIII., 364 Suffolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of, 486 Suffolk line, its title to the succession, 410; Elizabeth's feeling towards, 435; William Seymour, the heir of, 480 Supremacy, Act of, 393; Elizabethan Act of, 429 Supreme head of the Church of England, title of, conferred by Convocation on Henry VIII., 386; abandoned by Elizabeth, 429 Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, execution of, 411 Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of, minister of Henry VIII., 363 Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of, the commander at Flodden, see Norfolk, Duke of Sussex, Thomas Ratcliffe, Earl of, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 452 Sweden takes part in the Triple Alliance, 599

Tangier acquired by Charles II., 587 Taunton, siege of, 548 Taylor, Rowland, burnt, 424 Temple, Sir William, negotiates the Triple Alliance, 599; advises the reform of the Privy Council, 617; failure of his scheme, 620 Terouenne, 364 Test Act, the, passed, 607; a second, 616; violated by James II., 638 Texel, the, Rupert defeated off, 608 Thirty Years' War, the, beginning of, 490; end of, 564 Thomas of Canterbury, St., destruction of the shrine of, 398 Throgmorton's conspiracy, 456 Tippermuir, battle of, 547 Tithes, proposal of the Barebone's Parliament to abolish, 567 Toleration, Cromwell's advocacy of, 543; Charles II. proposes to adopt, 583; Charles II. issues a declaration in favour of, 587; tendency of science to promote, 598 Tonnage and Poundage, nature of, 509; claimed by Charles I. in spite of the Petition of Right, 510; Act preventing the king from levying, 531 Torbay, arrival of William III. in, 644 Tory party, the, origin of the name of, 620; reaction in favour of, 622; elects officers in the city, 623; gains a majority in the Common Council, 624 Tournai, 364 Treasons, Act creating new, 392 Trent, the Council of, 436 Triennial Act of Charles I., the, 530; repealed, 588 Triers, Commission of, 569 Trimmer, origin of the name of, 618 Triple Alliance, the, 599 Tulchan bishops, the, 524 Tunis, Blake sent against, 571 Turnham Green, the militia of the city resist Charles I. at, 537 Tuscany, Duke of, Blake sent against, 571 Tyndale, William, translates the New Testament, 396 Tyrconnel, Earl of, see O'Donnell Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of, Lord Deputy in Ireland, 640 Tyrone, Earl of, see O'Neill, Hugh

Walker, Obadiah, Roman Catholic Master of University College, 639 Waller, Sir William, defeated at Lansdown and Roundway Down, 538; takes Arundel Castle and defeats Hopton at Cheriton, 542; fights at Cropredy Bridge, 544; resigns his command, 545 Walsingham, Sir Francis, Secretary to Elizabeth, 457 Warwick, Earl of, see Northumberland, Duke of Wentworth, Sir Thomas, see Strafford, Earl of Wentworth, Thomas Wentworth, Lord, governor of Calais, 427 Wesley, Samuel, sermon by, 642 West Indies, the, conflicts between English and Spanish sailors in, 447 Weston, Lord, see Portland, Earl of Westphalia, Peace of, 564 Westmorland, Charles Neville, Earl of, takes part in the rising of the North, 441 Westward Ho! 447 Wexford, slaughter at, 563 Whig party, the, origin of the name of, 620; has a hold on the city of London, 622 'Whip with six strings, the,' 400 Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, opinions of, 468; the High Commission Court under, 470; compared with Hooker, 472 Wilkins, Bishop, aims at comprehension, 598 William I., Prince of Orange, Stadholder of the Dutch republic, 449; Jaureguy's attempt to murder, 454; murdered by Gerard, 456 William II., Prince of Orange, death of, 565 William III., Prince of Orange, defends the Dutch republic, 605; is offered the hand of Mary, daughter of the Duke of York, 608; at the head of a continental alliance, 609; marriage of, 613; invited to England, 644; lands at Brixham and marches on London, 645; arrives at Whitehall, 646; the crown offered to, 647 Williams, John, Archbishop of York, impeachment of, 535 Winceby, fight at, 542 Winchester taken by Cromwell, 549 Winnington Bridge, Booth defeated at, 575 Wishart, George, burnt, 413 Witt, John de, Pensionary of Holland, 589; negotiates the Triple Alliance, 599; murder of, 605 Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal, rise of, 363; magnificence of, 364; supports a policy of peace, 365, 366; comes into the House of Commons, 371; becomes unpopular on account of the Amicable Loan, 372; secures his position by an alliance with France, 374; aspires to the papacy, 375; is named legate a latere, ib.; his views on Church reform, 376; founds two colleges, 377; fails to persuade Henry VIII. to abandon Anne Boleyn, 380; is appointed legate to try Henry's divorce, 382; fall of, 383; death of, 384 Worcester, battle of, 564 Wren, Sir Christopher, buildings by, 632 Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, excluded from the Council, 412 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebellion and execution of, 423