CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME

PART V THE RENASCENCE AND THE REFORMATION 1509-1603

CHAPTER XXIV HENRY VIII. AND WOLSEY. 1509-1527

PAGE

The New King. 1509 361

Continental Troubles. 1508-1511 363

The Rise of Wolsey. 1512 363

The War with France. 1512-1513 364

Peace with France. 1514 364

Wolsey's Policy of Peace. 1514-1518 364

Wolsey and the Renascence 366

The Renascence in England 367

The Oxford Reformers 367

'The Utopia.' 1515-1516 367

More and Henry VIII. 368

The Contest for the Empire. 1519 369

The Field of the Cloth of Gold. 1520 369

The Execution of the Duke of Buckingham. 1521 369

Another French War. 1522-1523 369

The Amicable Loan. 1525 372

Closing Years of Wolsey's Greatness. 1525-1527 372

CHAPTER XXV THE BREACH WITH THE PAPACY. 1527-1534

The Papacy and the Renascence 374

Wolsey and the Papacy 375

Wolsey's Legatine Powers 375

Henry VIII. and the Clergy 377

German Lutheranism 377

Henry's Controversy with Luther 379

Queen Catharine and Anne Boleyn 379

Henry's Demand for a Divorce. 1527-1528 382

The Legatine Court. 1529 382

The Fall of Wolsey. 1529-1530 383

The House of Commons and the Clergy. 1529 385

The Universities Consulted. 1530 385

The Clergy under a Præmunire. 1530-1531 385

The King's Supreme Headship acknowledged by the Clergy. 1531 386

The Submission of the Clergy. 1532 386

Sir Thomas More and the Protestants. 1529-1532 386

Resignation of Sir Thomas More. 1532 388

The First Act of Annates. 1532 388

The King's Marriage and the Act of Appeals. 1533 388

Archbishop Cranmer and the Court at Dunstable. 1533 389

Frith and Latimer. 1533 389

Completion of the Breach with Rome. 1533-1534 390

CHAPTER XXVI THE ROYAL SUPREMACY. 1534-1547

The Act of Succession. 1534 392

The Acts of Treason and Supremacy. 1534 392

The Monks of the Charterhouse. 1534 393

Execution of Fisher and More. 1535 394

The Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries. 1536 394

The Execution of Anne Boleyn. 1536 395

The Ten Articles. 1536 395

The Translation of the Bible authorised. 1536 396

The Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536-1537 396

Birth of a Prince. 1537 397

The Beginning of the Attack on the Greater Monasteries. 1537-1538 397

Destruction of Relics and Images. 1538 398

The Trial of Lambert. 1538 399

The Marquis of Exeter and the Poles. 1538 399

The Six Articles. 1539 399

Completion of the Suppression of the Monasteries. 1539-1540 400

Anne of Cleves and the Fall of Cromwell. 1539-1540 400

Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr. 1540-1543 401

Ireland. 1534 401

The Geraldine Rebellion. 1534-1535 402

Lord Leonard Grey. 1536-1539 402

Henry VIII. King of Ireland. 1541 404

Solway Moss. 1542 404

War with Scotland and France. 1542-1546 405

The Litany and the Primer. 1544-1545 409

The Last Days of Henry VIII. 1545-1547 410

CHAPTER XXVII EDWARD VI. AND MARY EDWARD VI., 1547-1553. MARY, 1553-1558.

Somerset becomes Protector. 1547 412

The Scotch War. 1547-1548 412

Cranmer's Position in the Church of England. 1547 413

Ecclesiastical Reforms. 1547-1548 414

The First Prayer Book of Edward VI. 1549 415

The Insurrection in the West. 1549 415

Ket's Rebellion. 1549 415

The Fall of Somerset. 1549 416

Warwick and the Advanced Reformers. 1549 416

Latimer's Sermons. 1548-1550 417

Warwick and Somerset. 1550-1552 417

The Second Prayer Book of Edward VI. 1552 418

The Forty-two Articles. 1553 419

Northumberland's Conspiracy. 1553 421

Lady Jane Grey. 1553 421

Mary restores the Mass. 1553 422

Mary's First Parliament. 1553 422

Wyatt's Rebellion. 1554 423

The Queen's Marriage 423

The Submission to Rome. 1554 424

The Beginning of the Persecution. 1555 424

Death of Cranmer. 1556 425

Continuance of the Persecution. 1556-1558 426

The Queen's Disappointment. 1555-1556 426

War with France and the Loss of Calais. 1557-1558 427

Death of Mary. 1558 427

CHAPTER XXVIII THE ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT IN CHURCH AND STATE 1558-1570

Elizabeth's Difficulties. 1558 428

The Act of Uniformity and Supremacy. 1559 429

The new Bishops and the Ceremonies. 1559-1564 429

Calvinism 430

Peace with France. 1559 431

The Reformation in Scotland. 1559 432

The Claims of Mary Stuart. 1559 432

The Treaty of Edinburgh. 1560 433

Scottish Presbyterianism. 1561 434

Mary and Elizabeth. 1561 435

The French War. 1562-1564 436

End of the Council of Trent. 1563 436

The Jesuits 436

The Danger from Scotland. 1561-1565 437

The Darnley Marriage. 1565 438

The Murder of Rizzio. 1566 438

The Murder of Darnley. 1567 439

The Deposition and Flight of Mary. 1567-1568 439

Mary's Case before English Commissioners. 1568-1569 440

The Rising in the North. 1569 441

The Papal Excommunication. 1570 441

CHAPTER XXIX ELIZABETH AND THE EUROPEAN CONFLICT. 1570-1587

The Continental Powers. 1566-1570 442

The Anjou Marriage Treaty and the Ridolfi Plot. 1570-1571 443

Elizabeth and the Puritans 444

Elizabeth and Parliament. 1566 444

A Puritan Parliament. 1571 445

The Duke of Norfolk's Plot and Execution. 1571-1572 445

The Admonition to Parliament. 1572 446

Mariners and Pirates 446

Westward Ho! 447

Francis Drake's Voyage to Panama. 1572 448

The Seizure of Brill, and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew. 1572 449

The Growth of the Dutch Republic. 1572-1578 449

Quiet Times in England. 1572-1577 450

Drake's Voyage. 1577-1580 450

Ireland and the Reformation. 1547 451

Ireland under Edward VI. and Mary. 1547-1558 451

Elizabeth and Ireland. 1558-1578 452

The Landing at Smerwick, and the Desmond Rising. 1579-1583 452

The Jesuits in England. 1580 453

The Recusancy Laws. 1581 454

Growing Danger of Elizabeth. 1580-1584 454

The Association. 1584-1585 456

Growth of Philip's Power. 1584-1585 456

Babington's Plot, and the Trial of Mary Stuart. 1586 457

Execution of Mary Stuart. 1587 458

CHAPTER XXX ELIZABETH'S YEARS OF TRIUMPH. 1587-1603

The Singeing of the King of Spain's Beard. 1587 458

The Approach of the Armada. 1588 458

The Equipment of the Armada. 1588 459

The Equipment of the English Fleet. 1588 460

The Defeat of the Armada. 1588 462

The Destruction of the Armada. 1588 462

Philip II. and France. 1588-1593 464

Maritime Enterprises. 1589-1596 464

Increasing Prosperity 464

Buildings 465

Furniture 465

Growing Strength of the House of Commons 468

Archbishop Whitgift and the Court of High Commission. 1583 468

The House of Commons and Puritanism. 1584 470

The Separatists 470

Whitgift and Hooker 472

Spenser, Shakspere, and Bacon 473

Condition of the Catholics. 1588-1603 475

Irish Difficulties. 1583-1594 475

O'Neill and the Earl of Essex. 1595-1600 475

Essex's Imprisonment and Execution. 1599-1601 476

Mountjoy's Conquest of Ireland. 1600-1603 478

Parliament and the Monopolies. 1601 478

The Last Days of Elizabeth. 1601-1603 479

PART VI THE PURITAN REVOLUTION. 1603-1660

CHAPTER XXXI JAMES I. 1603-1625

The Peace with Spain. 1603-1604 481

The Hampton Court Conference. 1604 481

James and the House of Commons 482

Gunpowder Plot. 1604-1605 483

The Post-nati. 1606-1608 483

Irish Difficulties. 1603-1610 483

Bate's Case and the New Impositions. 1606-1608 484

The Great Contract. 1610-1611 484

Bacon and Somerset. 1612-1613 486

The Addled Parliament. 1614 486

The Spanish Alliance. 1614-1617 488

The Rise of Buckingham. 1615-1618 488

The Voyage and Execution of Raleigh. 1617-1618 489

Colonisation of Virginia and New England. 1607-1620 489

The Beginning of the Thirty Years' War. 1618-1620 490

The Meeting of James's Third Parliament. 1621 490

The Royal Prerogative. 1616-1621 492

Financial Reform. 1619 492

Favouritism and Corruption 494

The Monopolies Condemned. 1621 494

The Fall of Bacon. 1621 495

Digby's Mission, and the Dissolution of Parliament. 1621 496

The Loss of the Palatinate. 1622 497

Charles's Journey to Madrid. 1623 497

The Prince's Return. 1623 498

The Last Parliament of James I. 1624 500

The French Alliance 501

Mansfeld's Expedition, and the Death of James I. 1624-1625 501

CHAPTER XXXII THE GROWTH OF THE PERSONAL GOVERNMENT OF CHARLES I. 1625-1634

Charles I. and Buckingham. 1625 502

Charles's First Parliament. 1625 502

The Expedition to Cadiz. 1625 502

Charles's Second Parliament. 1626 503

The Forced Loan. 1626 505

The Expedition to Ré. 1627 506

The Five Knights' Case. 1627 506

Wentworth and Eliot in the Third Parliament of Charles I. 1628 508

The Petition of Right. 1628 508

Tonnage and Poundage. 1628 509

Buckingham's Murder. 1628 510

The Question of Sovereignty. 1628 510

Protestantism of the House of Commons. 1625-1628 511

Religious Differences. 1625-1628 511

The King's Declaration. 1628 512

The Second Session of the Third Parliament of Charles I. 1629 512

Breach between the King and the Commons. 1629 513

The Constitutional Dispute. 1629 513

The Victory of Personal Government. 1629-1632 514

Star Chamber Sentences. 1630-1633 514

Laud's Intellectual Position. 1629-1633 515

Laud as the Upholder of Uniformity 516

The Beginning of Laud's Archbishopric. 1633-1634 517

Laud and Prynne. 1633-1634 519

CHAPTER XXXIII THE OVERTHROW OF THE PERSONAL GOVERNMENT OF CHARLES I. 1634-1641

The Metropolitical Visitation. 1634-1637 520

Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton. 1637 521

Financial Pressure. 1635-1637 521

Ship-money. 1634-1637 523

Hampden's Case. 1637-1638 523

Scottish Episcopacy. 1572-1612 524

The Scottish Bishops and Clergy. 1612-1637 525

The Riot at Edinburgh and the Covenant. 1637-1638 525

The Assembly of Glasgow, and the Abolition of Episcopacy. 1638 526

The First Bishops' War. 1639 526

Wentworth in Ireland. 1633-1639 527

The Proposed Plantation of Connaught 528

The Short Parliament. 1640 528

The Second Bishops' War. 1640 529

The Meeting of the Long Parliament. 1640 529

The Impeachment of Strafford. 1641 530

Strafford's Attainder and Execution 530

Constitutional Reforms. 1641 531

CHAPTER XXXIV THE FORMATION OF PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES AND THE FIRST YEARS OF THE CIVIL WAR. 1641-1644

The King's Visit to Scotland. 1641 532

Parties formed on Church Questions. 1641 532

Irish Parties. 1641 533

The Irish Insurrection. 1641 533

The Grand Remonstrance. 1641 534

The King's Return. 1641 534

The Impeachment of the Bishops. 1641 535

The Impeachment of the Five Members. 1642 535

The Attempt on the Five Members. 1642 536

The Commons in the City. 1642 536

The Struggle for the Militia. 1642 536

Edgehill and Turnham Green. 1642 537

The King's Plan of Campaign. 1643 537

Royalist Successes. 1643 538

The Siege of Gloucester. 1643 538

The First Battle of Newbury. 1643 539

The Eastern Association. 1643 539

Oliver Cromwell. 1642-1643 539

The Assembly of Divines. 1643 540

The Solemn League and Covenant. 1643 540

The Irish War. 1641-1643 541

Winceby and Arundel. 1643-1644 542

The Committee of Both Kingdoms. 1644 542

The Campaign of Marston Moor. 1644 542

Presbyterians and Independents. 1644 543

Essex's Surrender at Lostwithiel. 1644 544

The Second Battle of Newbury. 1644 544

CHAPTER XXXV THE NEW MODEL ARMY. 1644-1649

The Self-denying Ordinance and the New Model. 1645 545

Milton's 'Areopagitica.' 1644 545

The Execution of Laud. 1645 546

Montrose and Argyle. 1644 546

Montrose and the Highlands. 1644-1645 547

The New Model Army in the Field. 1645 547

The Battle of Naseby. 1645 548

The Results of Naseby. 1645 548

Charles's Wanderings. 1645 549

Glamorgan in Ireland. 1645-1646 549

The King's Flight to the Scots. 1646 550

Charles at Newcastle. 1646 551

The Removal of the King to Holmby. 1647 553

Dispute between the Presbyterians and the Army. 1647 553

Cromwell and the Army. 1647 554

The Abduction of the King. 1647 554

The Exclusion of the Eleven Members. 1647 555

The Heads of the Proposals. 1647 555

The King's Flight to the Isle of Wight. 1647 556

The Scottish Engagement, and the Vote of No Addresses. 1647-1648 556

The Second Civil War. 1648 556

Pride's Purge. 1648 557

The High Court of Justice. 1649 557

The King's Trial and Execution. 1649 559

Results of Charles's Execution. 1649 560

CHAPTER XXXVI THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE. 1649-1660

Establishment of the Commonwealth. 1649 561

Parties in Ireland. 1647-1649 562

Cromwell in Ireland. 1649-1650 562

Montrose and Charles II. in Scotland. 1650 563

Dunbar and Worcester. 1650-1651 563

The Navigation Act. 1651 564

The Dutch War. 1652-1653 565

Unpopularity of the Parliament. 1652-1653 565

Vane's Reform Bill. 1653 566

Dissolution of the Long Parliament by Cromwell. 1653 566

The so-called Barebone's Parliament. 1653 566

The Protectorate, and the Instrument of Government. 1653 568

Character of the Instrument of Government 568

Oliver's Government. 1653-1654 569

The First Protectorate Parliament. 1654-1655 570

The Major Generals. 1655 570

Oliver's Foreign Policy. 1654-1655 571

The French Alliance. 1655 572

Oliver's Second Parliament, and the Humble Petition and Advice. 1656 572

The Dissolution of the Second Protectorate Parliament. 1658 573

Victory Abroad and Failure at Home. 1657-1658 573

Oliver's Death. 1658 574

Richard Cromwell. 1658-1659 574

The Long Parliament Restored. 1659 575

Military Government. 1659 575

Monk and the Rump. 1660 575

End of the Long Parliament. 1660 576

The Declaration of Breda. 1660 576

PART VII THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION. 1660-1689

CHAPTER XXXVII CHARLES II. AND CLARENDON. 1660-1667

Return of Charles II. 1660 578

King and Parliament. 1660 579

Formation of the Government. 1660 580

The Political Ideas of the Convention Parliament. 1660 580

Execution of the Political Articles of the Declaration of Breda. 1660 581

Ecclesiastical Debates. 1660 583

Venner's Plot and its Results. 1661 584

The Cavalier Parliament and the Corporation Act. 1661 585

The Savoy Conference, and the Act of Uniformity. 1661-1662 585

The Dissenters. 1662 585

The Parliamentary Presbyterians. 1662 586

Profligacy of the Court. 1662 586

Marriage of Charles II. and Sale of Dunkirk. 1662 587

The Question of Toleration Raised. 1662-1663 587

The Conventicle Act. 1664 588

The Repeal of the Triennial Act. 1664 588

Growing Hostility between England and the Dutch. 1660-1664 589

Outbreak of the First Dutch War of the Restoration. 1664-1665 589

The Plague. 1665 590

The Five Mile Act. 1665 590

Continued Struggle with the Dutch. 1665-1666 590

The Fire of London. 1666 592

Designs of Louis XIV. 1665-1667 592

The Dutch in the Medway, and the Peace of Breda. 1667 593

Clarendon and the House of Commons. 1667 593

The Fall of Clarendon. 1667 594

Scotland and Ireland. 1660 595

CHAPTER XXXVIII CHARLES II. AND THE CABAL. 1667-1674

Milton and Bunyan. 596

Butler and the Dramatists. 596

Reason and Science. 598

Charles II. and Toleration. 1667 598

Buckingham and Arlington. 1667-1669 599

The Triple Alliance. 1668 599

Charles's Negotiations with France. 1669-1670 600

The Treaty of Dover. 1670 600

The Cabal. 1670 602

Ashley's Policy. 602

Buckingham's Sham Treaty. 1671 603

The Stop of the Exchequer. 1672 603

The Declaration of Indulgence. 1672 604

The Second Dutch War of the Restoration. 1672 605

'Delenda est Carthago.' 1673 606

Withdrawal of the Declaration of Indulgence. 1673 606

The Test Act. 1673 606

Results of the Test Act. 1673 607

Continuance of the Dutch War. 1673 607

The Duke of York's Marriage and Shaftesbury's Dismissal. 1673 608

Peace with the Dutch. 1674 608

CHAPTER XXXIX DANBY'S ADMINISTRATION AND THE THREE SHORT PARLIAMENTS. 1675-1681

Growing Influence of Danby. 1675 610

Parliamentary Parties. 1675 610

The Non-Resistance Bill. 1675 611

Charles a Pensionary of France. 1675-1676 611

Two Foreign Policies. 1677 612

The Marriage of the Prince of Orange. 1677 613

Danby's Position. 1677 613

The Peace of Nymwegen. 1678 614

The Popish Plot. 1678 615

Growing Excitement. 1678 615

Danby's Impeachment and the Dissolution of the Cavalier Parliament. 1678-1679 616

The Meeting of the First Short Parliament. 1679 616

The Exclusion Bill and the Habeas Corpus Act. 1679 617

Shaftesbury and the King. 1679 617

Shaftesbury and Halifax. 1679 618

The Divine Right of Kings. 1679 619

The Highland Host. 1677-1678 619

Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge. 1679 619

Petitioners and Abhorrers. 1680 620

The Second Short Parliament. 1680-1681 620

The Third Short Parliament. 1681 621

CHAPTER XL THE LAST YEARS OF CHARLES II. 1681-1685

Tory Reaction. 1681 622

'Absolom and Achitophel.' 1681 623

The Scottish Test Act and the Duke of York's Return. 1681-1682 623

The City Elections. 1682 623

Flight and Death of Shaftesbury. 1682-1683 624

The Attack on the City. 1682-1683 624

The Remodelling of the Corporations. 1683-1684 625

The Rye House Plot. 1683 625

The Whig Combination. 1683 625

Trial and Execution of Lord Russell. 1683 625

Execution of Algernon Sidney. 1683 626

Parties at Court. 1684 626

Death of Charles II. 1685 627

Constitutional Progress. 1660-1685 627

Prosperity of the Country. 628

The Coffee Houses. 630

The Condition of London. 631

Painting. 631

Architecture. 631

Science. 632

Difficulties of Communication. 632

The Country Gentry and the Country Clergy. 633

Alliance between the Gentry and the Church. 633

CHAPTER XLI JAMES II. 1685-1689

The Accession of James II. 1685 634

A Tory Parliament. 1685 636

Argyle's Landing. 1685 636

Monmouth's Landing. 1685 637

The Bloody Assizes. 1685 637

The Violation of the Test Act. 1685 638

Breach between Parliament and King. 1685 638

The Dispensing Power. 1686 638

The Ecclesiastical Commission. 1686 639

Scotland and Ireland. 1686-1687 639

The Fall of the Hydes. 1686-1687 640

The Declaration of Indulgence. 1687 640

The Expulsion of the Fellows of Magdalen. 1687 641

An Attempt to pack a Parliament. 1687 641

A Second Declaration of Indulgence. 1688 642

Resistance of the Clergy. 1688 642

The Trial of the Seven Bishops. 1688 643

Invitation to William of Orange. 1688 643

Landing of William. 1688 644

William's March upon London. 1688 645

A Convention Parliament Summoned. 1688 646

The Throne Declared Vacant. 1689 646

William and Mary to be Joint Sovereigns. 1689 647

Character of the Revolution. 647