LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. Page

Palæolithic flint scraper from Icklingham, Suffolk 2

Palæolithic flint implement from Hoxne, Suffolk 2 (From Evans's 'Ancient Stone Implements')

Engraved bone from Cresswell Crags, Derbyshire 3 (From the original in the British Museum)

Neolithic flint arrow-head from Rudstone, Yorks 3

Neolithic celt or cutting instrument from Guernsey 3

Neolithic axe from Winterbourn Steepleton, Dorset 4 (From Evans's 'Ancient Stone Implements')

Example of early British pottery 4

9. Examples of early British pottery 5 (From Greenwell's 'British Barrows')

Bronze celt from the Isle of Harty, Kent 6

Bronze lance-head found in Ireland 6

Bronze caldron found in Ireland 6 (From Evans's 'Ancient Bronze Implements')

View of Stonehenge 7 (From a photograph)

Part of a British gold corselet found at Mold, now in the British Museum 9 (From the 'Archæologia')

Bust of Julius Cæsar 10 (From the original in the British Museum)

Commemorative tablet of the Second Legion found at Halton Chesters on the Roman Wall 17

View of part of the Roman Wall 18

Ruins of a mile-castle on the Roman Wall 18 (From Bruce's 'Handbook to the Roman Wall,' 2nd edition)

Part of the Roman Wall at Leicester 19 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Pediment of a Roman temple found at Bath 20 (Reduced from the 'Archæologia')

Roman altar from Rutchester 21 (From Bruce's 'Handbook to the Roman Wall', 2nd edition)

Plan of the city of Old Sarum 34 (From the Ordnance Survey Plan)

View of Old Sarum 35 (Reduced from Sir R. C. Hoare's 'History of Modern Wiltshire. Old and New Sarum')

Saxon church at Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts 51 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Saxon horsemen 53

Group of Saxon warriors 53 (From Harl. MS. 603)

Remains of a viking ship from Gokstad 56 (From a photograph of the original at Christiania)

Gold ring of Æthelwulf 57

Gold jewel of Ælfred found at Athelney 59 (From 'Archæological Journal')

An English vessel 60

A Saxon house 61 (From Harl. MS. 603)

A monk driven out of the King's presence 66 (From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

Rural life in the eleventh century. January to June 70

Rural life in the eleventh century. July to December 71 (From Cott. MS. Julius A. vi.)

Plan and section of a burh of the eleventh century at Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Yorks 74 (From G. T. Clark's 'Mediæval Military Architecture')

Glass tumbler 76

Drinking-glass 76

Comb and case of Scandinavian type found at York 77 (From the originals in the British Museum)

Martyrdom of St. Edmund by the Danes 82 (From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

First Great Seal of Eadward the Confessor (obverse) 86 (From an original impression)

Hunting. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) 87 (Reduced from 'Vetusta Monumenta,' vol. vi.)

Tower in the earlier style, church at Earl's Barton 91

Tower in the earlier style, St. Benet's church, Cambridge 91 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Building a church in the later style 92 (From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

Normans feasting; with Odo, bishop of Bayeux, saying grace. 93 (From the Bayeux Tapestry)

Harold swearing upon the Relics. 94 (From the Bayeux Tapestry)

A Norman ship. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) 95

Norman soldiers mounted. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) 95

Group of archers on foot. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) 96

Men fighting with axes. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) 97

Death of Harold. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) 98 (Reduced from 'Vetusta Monumenta,' vol. vi.)

Coronation of a king, temp. William the Conqueror 99 (From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

Silver penny of William the Conqueror, struck at Romney 101 (From an original specimen)

Silver penny of William the Conqueror, struck at Romney 101 (From an original specimen)

East end of Darenth church, Kent 107 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Part of the nave of St. Alban's abbey church 109 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)

Facsimile of a part of Domesday Book relating to Berkshire 112 (From the original MS. in the Public Record Office)

Henry I. and his queen Matilda 123 (From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies')

Seal of Milo of Gloucester, showing mounted armed figure in the reign of Henry I. 125 (From an original impression)

Monument of Roger, bishop of Salisbury, died 1139 127 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Porchester church, Hampshire, built about 1135 128 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 7th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Part of the nave of Durham cathedral, built about 1130 130 (From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray)

Keep of Rochester castle, built between 1126 and 1139 132 (From a photograph by Poulton & Sons, Lee)

Keep of Castle Rising, built about 1140-50 133 (From a photograph)

Tower of Castor church, Northamptonshire, built about 1145 136 (From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities')

Effigies of Henry II. and queen Eleanor 139 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Ecclesiastical costume in the twelfth century 142 (From Cott. MS. Nero C. iv. f. 37)

A bishop ordaining a priest 144

Small ship of the latter part of the twelfth century 146 (From 'Harley Roll,' Y. 6)

Part of the choir of Canterbury cathedral, in building 1175-1184 150 (From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray)

Mitre of archbishop Thomas of Canterbury, preserved at Sens 153 (From Shaw's 'Dresses and Decorations')

Military and civil costume of the latter part of the twelfth century 154 (From 'Harley Roll,' Y. 6)

Royal Arms of England from Richard I. to Edward III. 159 (From the wall arcade, south aisle of nave, Westminster Abbey)

The Galilee or Lady chapel, Durham cathedral, built by bishop Hugh of Puiset, between 1180 and 1197 160 (From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray)

Effigy of a knight in the Temple church, London, showing armour of the end of the twelfth century 162 (From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies')

Effigies of Richard I. and queen Berengaria 164 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Part of the choir of Ripon cathedral, built during the last quarter of the twelfth century 166 (From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray)

Lay costumes in the twelfth century 168

Costume of shepherds in the twelfth century 168 (From Cott. MS. Nero C. iv. ff. 11 and 16)

Hall of Oakham castle, Rutland, built about 1185 170 (From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture')

Norman house at Lincoln, called the Jews' House 171 (From a photograph by Carl Norman, Tunbridge Wells)

Effigies of king John and queen Isabella 175 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Effigy of bishop Marshall of Exeter, died 1206 177 (From Murray's 'Handbook to the Southern Cathedrals')

Parsonage house of early thirteenth-century date at West Dean, Sussex 179 (From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture')

Effigy of a knight in the Temple church, London, showing armour worn between 1190 and 1225 182 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Silver penny of John, struck at Dublin 184 (From an original example)

Effigy of Henry III. (From his tomb at Westminster) 186

Effigy of William Longespée, earl of Salisbury, died 1227, from his tomb at Salisbury, showing armour worn from about 1225 to 1250 187 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Effigy of Simon, bishop of Exeter, died 1223 188 (From Murray's 'Handbook to the Southern Cathedrals')

Beverley Minster, Yorkshire, the south transept; built about 1220—1230 189 (From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities')

Longthorpe manor house, Northamptonshire, built about 1235 192 (From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture')

A ship in the reign of Henry III. 193

A bed in the reign of Henry III. 196 (From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. ff. 21 and 22 b)

Barn of thirteenth-century date at Raunds, Northamptonshire 197 (From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture')

A fight between armed and mounted knights of the time of Henry III. 201 (From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. f. 4)

Seal of Robert Fitzwalter, showing a mounted knight in complete mail armour; date about 1265 202 (From an original impression)

Effigy of a knight at Gosperton, showing armour worn from about 1250 to 1300; date about 1270 203 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Building operations in the reign of Henry III., with the king giving directions to the architect 204 (From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. f. 23 b)

East end of Westminster abbey church; begun by Henry III. in 1245 205 (From a photograph)

Nave of Salisbury cathedral church, looking west; date, between 1240 and 1250 206 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)

A king and labourers in the reign of Henry III. 207 (From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. f. 21 b)

Great Seal of Edward I. (slightly reduced) 209 (From an original impression)

Group of armed knights and a king in ordinary dress; date, temp. Edward I. 211 (From Arundel MS. 83, f. 132)

Nave of Lichfield cathedral church, looking east; built about 1280 213 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)

Effigy of Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I., in Westminster abbey 215 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Cross erected near Northampton by Edward I. in memory of queen Eleanor 217 (From a photograph)

Sir John d'Abernoun, died 1277, from his brass at Stoke Dabernon; showing armour worn from about 1250 to 1300 219 (From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses')

Edward II. from his monument in Gloucester cathedral 225 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Lincoln cathedral, the central tower; built about 1310 227 (From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities')

Sir John de Creke, from his brass at Westley Waterless, Cambridgeshire; showing armour worn between 1300 and 1335 or 1340; date, about 1325 229 (From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses')

Howden church, Yorkshire, the west front 230 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 7th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Effigies of Edward III. and queen Philippa, from their tombs in Westminster abbey 233 (From Blore's 'Monumental Remains')

A knight—Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, who died 1345—receiving his helm and pennon from his wife; another lady holds his shield 236 (From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta')

William of Hatfield, second son of Edward III., from his tomb in York Minster 237 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

York Minster, the nave, looking west 238 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)

Royal Arms of Edward III., from his tomb 239 (From a photograph)

Shooting at the butts with the long bow 241

Contemporary view of a fourteenth-century walled town 243 (From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta')

Gloucester cathedral church, the choir, looking east 244 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)

The lord's upper chamber or solar at Sutton Courtenay manor-house; date, about 1350 245

Interior of the hall at Penshurst, Kent; built about 1340 246

A small house or cottage at Meare, Somerset; built about 1350 247

Norborough Hall, Northamptonshire; built about 1350 247 (From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture')

Ploughing 248

Harrowing; and a boy slinging stones at the birds 248

Breaking the clods with mallets 249

Cutting weeds 249

Reaping 249

Stacking corn 250

Threshing corn with a flail 250 (From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta')

West front of Edington church, Wilts; built about 1360 253 (From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 7th edition, by J. H. Parker)

Gold noble of Edward III. 255 (From an original example)

Effigy of Edward the Black Prince; from his tomb at Canterbury 256 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester 1367-1404; from his tomb at Winchester 260 (From Murray's 'Handbook to the Southern Cathedrals')

Tomb of Edward III. in Westminster abbey 263 (From Blore's 'Monumental Remains')

Figures of Edward the Black Prince and Lionel duke of Clarence; from the tomb of Edward III. 264 (From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies')

Richard II. and his first queen, Anne of Bohemia; from their tomb in Westminster abbey 267 (From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies')

Portrait of Geoffrey Chaucer 270 (From Harl MS. 4866)

A gentleman riding out with his hawk 271

Carrying corn, a cart going uphill 272

State carriage of the fourteenth century 273

Bear-baiting 275 (From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta')

West end of the nave of Winchester cathedral church 276 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)

Meeting of Henry of Lancaster and Richard II. at Flint 284

Henry of Lancaster claiming the throne 285 (From Harl MS. 1319)

Effigy of a knight at Clehonger, showing development of plate armour; date about 1400 287 (From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies')

Henry IV. and his queen Joan of Navarre; from their tomb in Canterbury cathedral church 290 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Royal arms as borne from about 1408 to 1603 291 (From a fifteenth-century seal)

Thomas Cranley, archbishop of Dublin; from his brass at New College, Oxford, showing the archiepiscopal costume 292 (From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses')

The Battle of Shrewsbury 294

Fight in the lists with poleaxes 297 (From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. ff. 4 and 7)

Costume of a judge about 1400; from a brass at Deerhurst 298 (From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses')

Henry V. 300 (From an original portrait belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

154. Effigy of William Phelip, lord Bardolph; from his tomb at Dennington, Suffolk 304 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Marriage of Henry V. and Catherine of France 305 (From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. f. 22)

Henry VI. 308 (From an original picture in the National Portrait Gallery)

Fotheringay church, Northamptonshire; begun in 1434 311 (From a photograph by G. A. Nichols, Stamford)

159. Front and back views of the gilt-latten effigy of Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, died 1439; from his tomb at Warwick 314, 315 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Tattershall castle, Lincolnshire; built between 1433 and 1455 316 (From a photograph by G. A. Nichols, Stamford)

Part of Winfield manor-house, Derbyshire; built about 1440 318 (From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby)

The Divinity School, Oxford; built between 1445 and 1454 319 (From a photograph by W. H. Wheeler, Oxford)

A sea-fight 325 (From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. f. 18 b)

Effigy of Sir Robert Harcourt, K.G., showing armour worn from about 1445 to 1480 326 (From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies')

Edward IV. 330 (From an original portrait belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

A fifteenth-century ship 333 (From Harl. MS. 2278, f. 16)

Large ship and boat of the fifteenth century 339 (From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. f. 5)

Richard III. 341 (From an original portrait belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)

Henry VII. 344

Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII. 345 (From original pictures in the National Portrait Gallery)

Tudor Rose; from the chapel of Henry VII., Westminster 346

Tower of St. Mary's church, Taunton; built about 1500 353 (From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities')

King's College Chapel, Cambridge; interior, looking east 355 (From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)