INDEX AND GLOSSARY.

Açoutado, ilha do (Kiziwa, 12° 35´ S., 400° 40´ E., Map III), 32, 218

Adarga (Arabic el darakah); according to Jubinal (Armeria Real, Madrid, Plate 3), a short spear with a target-like handguard, and a dagger projecting at right angles; compare Burton’s Camoens, xiv, p. 571.

Affonso, Martin, interpreter, 12, 17, 176; Boa Gente, 17

“Africa Pilot,” quoted, 32, 93, 197

Agonia (Arabic El Jumbiyeh) a crooked dagger worn in the waist, waist-belt, 30

Agostinho, Cabe de, Brazil (8° S., 35° W.), 205

Agulhas, Cabo das (34° 50´ S., 20° E., Map II), 168, 169, 215

Agulhas current, xviii, 15, 195

Ailly, Pierre d’ (b. 1350, d. 1419), xvii

Albertis, E. A. D’, quoted 161, 174

Albuquerque, Affonso de (Governor of India, 1509-15), 179, 191

Alcacer do Sal, Portugal (38° 20´ N., 8° 30´ W.), 159

Alcaide (Arabic Al Kadi), a judge, 35 In Portuguese it means the governor of a province, town, or castle. Alcaide-mór governor in chief; Alcaideria, the district or office of an alcaide.

Alcochete (38° 46´ N., 80° 57´ W.), town, Portugal, 46

Alenquer, Pero d’, 175; at S. Helena Bay, 5; at the Cape, 9; Cross Island, 14

Alexander VI, Pope (1492-1503), 115

Alexandria, Egypt, 78

Algoa Bay (33° 50´ S., 26° E., Map II), 15, 221

Aljofar (from Arabic Jauhar or Gohar i.e., “Jewel”). In Portuguese it means seed-pearls.

Alliacus, see Ailly, Pierre d’.

Almadia (Arabic El Maziyah), a ferry-boat, dug-out, 20

Almanach perpetuum, 167

Almeida, D. Francisco de (Viceroy of India, 1505-9); at Mombaça, 38, 39; at Malindi, 44; at Anjediva, 80

Almoxarife (Arabic), a receiver of customs or taxes.

Almude, a measure of capacity, holding 29½ pints.

Aloes, 99, 104, 213

Alvares, Gonçalo, master of the S. Gabriel, 176.

Alvarez, Francisco (Chaplain of Portuguese mission in Abyssinia, 1520-27), 24, 167

Ambergris, 135, 213, 219

Ameixoeira, João de, 177

Anafil (Arabic El Nafir), a sort of trumpet, 22, 42

Anchovies, 92

Andaman Islands (12° N., 93° E., Maps I and VI), 220, 214 L.

Anjediva Islands (14° 45´ N., 74° 5´ E., Map IV), 80, 200

Antonio, Nicoláo, quoted, xxv

Arabian Sea, 46, 87, 123, 130, 135, 198, 200

Aragão, Texeira de, quoted, xxi, 91, 94, 95, 111, 112, 147, 148, 173, 175, 176, 178, 225

Ascension Island, or Conçeicão (80° S., 14° 10´ E., Map I), 190, 191

Ascençao menor, or Trinidad (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ W., Map I), 191

Astrolabes, 167

Atambur, or Betel-nut, 56, 96

Badger, Rev. G. P., quoted, 61, 138

Bahar, a weight, at Calcutta equal to 268.16 kilo = 459 pounds. It was divided into 20 farazolas (farzilas) of 100 fens each, and roughly accepted as equal to 4 quintals.

Bahrein islands, Persian Gulf (26° N., 50° 30´ E., Map I), 139

Balandrau, a coat, 41

Balasci (rubies), 130

Baldelli Boni, quoted, 121, 179

Bale (Arabic Wale), governor, 51

Baltasar, a Moor of Calecut, 181

Bananas, 57

Bandini. A., quoted, 120

Baqua, stone of (bezoar), 96

Barbosa, Duarte, quoted, 32, 98, 99, 100, 103, 130, 139

Barca, a term vaguely applied by the author to sailing boats, where others make use of the more definite terms of “fusta”, or “zambuk”.

Barros, João de, quoted, xx, 8, 9, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 31, 38, 40, 45, 48, 51, 92, 94, 98, 99, 157, 161, 164, 169, 175, 178, 179, 180

Bastos, E. Pinto, 161

Bastos, José, xxxvi, 118

Bees, 6

Behaim, Martin, (b. 1459, d. 1506), 165

Belnos, quoted, 54

Benapa, Mtapwa (3° 56´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III), 40

Bengal (24° N., 100° E, Map I), 100, 101, 220

Bent, Theodore, quoted, 139

Benzoin, 99, 101, 103, 213

Berchet, Prof. Guglielmo, xxxvi, 119, 157, 158

“Berrio”, enters Rio dos bons Signaes, 19; at Mombaça, 37; at Anjediva, 84

Berrio, name of a pilot, 158

Betel-nut (atambur), 56, 96

Bezoar (Stone of Baqua), 96

Biagi, Prof., xxxvi, 119

Birch, Dr. Walter de Gray, quoted, 145, 146, 149

Bisarma, a two-edged battle-axe, 67

Bittner, Dr. M., quoted, 208, 216

Bombards, 3, 164

Boni, see Baldelli.

Bons signaes, Rio dos (18° S., 37° E., Map III), 19, 124, 146, 173, 196

Braça, or fathom, as used by seamen, equal to 8 palmas or 5.76 feet

Braga, Alvaro de, clerk of the Berrio, 67, 176

Bragança, Duke of, agrees to sell Vidigueira, 228

Braz, see São Braz.

Brazil wood, 99, 102, 104

Breech-loaders, 164

Bretschneider, E., quoted, 132

Buchanan, Claudius, quoted, 137

Bull of Alexander VI (1497), 115

Burton, Sir R., quoted, 20, 23, 33, 36, 44, 52, 53, 79

Cabaya, a silk robe reaching to the ankles.

Cabral, Jorge (governor of India, 1549-50), 159, 160

Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, the navigator, 18, 38, 44, 178, 179, 190, note 2 (supposed discovery of Tristão da Cunha), 205

Caçadilho, Cazadillo, village near Salamanca, Spain. See Vilhegas.

Cael (8° 40´ N., 78° 5´ E., Map I), 98

Cairo, Egypt, 78, 113

Caldwell, Rev. Dr., quoted, 98

Calecut (11° 15´ N., 75° 45´ E., Map IV); arrival, 48; description, 49, 125; pagodas, 52, 126, 137, 139; royal palace 55; the Zamorin or King, 57, 127, 132; Portuguese sailors visit the city, 69; a Padrão set up, 74, 75; commerce, 77, 96, 115, 127, 135, 142; Sernigi’s account, 125, 142; legend on Canerio’s map, 213

Çamatarra (Sumatra, 0°, 110° E., Map I); 98, 101, 213, 220

Cambay (22° 20´ N., 72° 35´ E., Map IV), 47, 213 A.

Camoens, quoted, 26, 178

Çamolim, see Zamorin.

Campo, Antonio de, in Delagoa Bay, 18

Cananor (11° 50´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), 79, 146, 200

Canaries (29° N., 140° W., Map I) sighted, 2

Canerio’s Map, 16, 18, 21, 32, 210, 212

Canestrini, quoted, 119

Cantino, Alberto, his chart, xix, 208, 212

Cão’s padrão at Cape Cross, 169

Cape of Good Hope (34° 20´ S., 18° 32´ E., Map II) doubled, 8, 92, 192, 215

Cape Verde islands (10° N., 24° W., Map I), 2, 94, 141, 142

Capua, or Capocate (11° 20´ N., 75° 44´ E., Map IV), 48, 52

Caputo, M. C., xxxvi, 208

Caravels, 157, 158

Carneiro, Antonio (King Manuel’s secretary), 233, 235

Carvalho e Vasconcellos, Capt. E. J. de, see Vasconcellos.

Casa da Mina, the “House”, or office, charged with the affairs of the “mine” on the Gold Coast.

Castanheda, Lopez de, quoted, xx, xxiv, 1, 5, 6, 9, 21, 23, 26, 39, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 67, 77, 79, 94, 157, 161, 164, 166, 169, 173, 175, 178, 183; his signature, xxii

Castro, João de, (Governor and Viceroy of India, 1545-48), 159, 168

Catalan Chart, 211

Catena a poppa, 165

Çatiguam, Sadigam, or Shadigam (Satgaon on Hugli, 22° 15´ N., 88° 5´ E., Maps I and VIII), 220, 213 D.

Cattle among the Hottentots, 11, 12

Catual (Kot-Wal), governor of a fort, 51

Çeitil, a small copper coin, worth one-third of a farthing, 7

Ceylon, (Çillan, 8° N., 80° E., Map I), 77, 98, 115, 135, 136, 143, 214 K.

Chãos, ilhéos; see Ilhéos.

Charton, quoted, 53; see F. Denis.

Charts of Indian pilots, 26

Chinese at Calecut, 131

Chomandarla (Choromandel, on south-east coast of India), 98

Christians at Mombaça, 35, 36, 39; at Malindi, 40, 44, 45; in India, 24, 114, 115, 125, 231; at Calecut, 49, 53, 137

Cidadym, of Harar, 78, note 5

Çillan, see Ceylon.

Çinguapura, Singapore (1° 20´ N., 104° E., Maps I and VII), 18, 196

Cinnamon, 77, 81, 86, 98, 103, 113, 213, 214; boughs, 113

Cipangu (Japan), xvii

Cloves, 77, 100, 103, 113, 213

Cobilhões, Pedro de (Cobillones), see Covilhã.

Cobre, Rio de (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), 18, 196

Cochin (10° N., 76° 12´ E., Map IV), 146

Coco-nut palm, 27

Coelho, Nicolau, captain of the Berrio, 175; at St. Helena Bay, 5; crossing Kilimani Bar, 196; lost sight of, 14; alleged ascent of river in South Africa, 193; at Moçambique, 22, 27, 29, 197; at Malindi, , 44; at Calecut, 51, 66; at Anjediva, 83, 84; at Rio Grande, 152; return to Lisbon, 93, 94, 201

Çofalla, see Sofalla.

Coge (Arabic, Khojah), lord, master

Coimbra (40° 10´ N., 8° 25´ W.), xxii

Coimbra, João de, 30, 175

Coins at Calecut, 128

Coleu, Coulão, Coulam (9° 10´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

Columbus, Bartholomeu, map of world, xix

Columbus, Christopher, compared with Gama, xv; his first voyage, 189; his latitudes, xviii; his journal, xix

Compass, Mariner’s, 26

Compass, equinoctial and variation, 168

Conimata, Sumatra? a corrupt spelling of, 101

Convicts, see Degradados.

Copper, 18, 96

Cordeira, Luciano, quoted, xxi, 2, 168, 225

Cormorants, 6

Coromandel (south-east coast of India), 98

Corongolor, Crangalor (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

Correa, Gaspar, his untrustworthiness, xx, 56, 193, 194; Herculano’s eulogy, xxxiii; Vasco’s ships, 164; his padrões, 169; his portrait, 150; number of men, 173; convicts, 48, 178; Gaspar da Gama, 179; Monçaide, 180; Davane, 21 note 4, 41, 181; departure from Lisbon, 185; doubling the Cape, 193; alleged mutiny, 194; transactions at Cananor, 79; concoction of a letter to the Zamorin, 58

Correa, Manuel, 178

Correa, Ayres, 158

Cosa, Juan de la, his chart, xix, 205

Costa, D. Jorge da, 112

Costa, P. Antonio Carvalho da, xiii

Coulão (Coulam, 9° 10´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

Covilhã, Pedro de, a priest, 177

Covilhão, Pero de, 24, 167

Crangalor, Quorongoliz (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

Cross-bows, 10, 12

Cross-staff, 26

Cruz, ilha da, Brazil (5° S., 40° W., Map I), 14, 15, 205

Cruz, ilhéo da, Algoa Bay (33° 48´ S., 25° 45´ E., Map II), 15, 195

Cruzado, a Portuguese gold coin, weighing 71.25 grãos (4,608 grãos = 1 marc = 229.5 grammes) of fine gold, and consequently worth 9s. 8d. It retained this value up to 1555, when, being coined of gold having a fineness of 22⅝ carat only, its value was reduced to 9s. 2d. Up to 1499, 380 réis were accepted as the equivalent of a cruzado; between 1499 and 1517 the rate of exchange was 390 réis, and after that date 400 réis. This shows that the relative value of gold to silver was assumed to have been as 1:10 (in England about the same time the rate of exchange was as 1:11). The value of 100 réis was consequently 30.5d. up to 1499, 29.82d. from 1499 to 1517, and 29.08d. after 1517 (see Nunes, O livro dos Pesos, 1555, published at Lisbon in 1868; and M. B. Lopes Fernandes, Memoria das moedas correntes em Portugal, Lisbon, 1856).

Dalla Vedova, Prof., xxxvi, 133

Dameiroeiro, João, 177

Davane, the Moor, 21, 41, 181

Declination of the sun, 167, 168

Degradados (convicts or banished men), 174

Delagoa Bay (26° S., 34° E.), its discovery, 19, 221

Dely, Eli, Mount (12° N., 75° 15´ E., Map IV), 47, 198

Denis, Ferd., quoted, xxxiv, 53, 78

Dias, Bartholomeu sails to Elmina, 2; his conflict at the bay of S. Braz, 10; his last padrão, 14, 15, 195; builds Gama’s ships, 159

Dias, Diogo, 176; factor at Pandarani, 67; carries a message to the Zamorin, 70; his imprisonment, 71, 73; liberated, 74

Dias, Pedro, a convict, 178

Dogs of the Hottentots, 6

Dress at Calecut, 133

Elephants, how they are captured, 102; at Mossel Bay, 11; in India, 98, 99, 100, 133, 140

Eli, Dely, mount (12° N., 75° 15´ E., Map IV), 47, 198

Empoli, Giovanni da, quoted, 6, 99, 191

Escolar, Pero, pilot of the Berrio, x, 148, 175; see Escovar.

Escovar, Pero, was associated with Santarem in the discovery of the Gold Coast, 1471; another Pero Escovar went as pilot to the Congo, 1490; Barros and Resende call the pilot of the Berrio Esolar and not Escovar.

Esphera de ouro, a coin, 170

Esteves, Pero, a convict, 178

Evora (38° 33´ N., 7° 55´ W.), 235, 236

Falcão, Luiz de Figueiredo, 119, 147, 157

False Bay, South Africa (34° 15´ S., 18° 30´ E., Map II), 9, 215

Fanão, a coin, at Calecut worth 7.45d. (see p. 69 n.).

Farazola, Frasila, weight, at Calecut, equal to 10.4 kilos., or 22 lbs.

Faria, Manuel de, 170

Faria, Severim de, quoted, 175

Faria e Figueiredo, Francisco de, xxx, 177

Faria e Figueiredo, Pedro de, 177

Faria y Sousa, quoted, xxi, 46, 157, 173, 175, 177, 178

Ferdinand, Valentin, 178

Fernandez, M. B. Lopez, 170

Figueiredo, see Faria and Falcão.

Figueiro, João, a priest, xxxi, 177

Fish, 133

Flutes, 11

Food at Calecut, 132

Foot, Captn., view of Mombasa, 35

Foster, William, xxxvi

Fowls, 17

Fracanzio di Montalboddo, editor of Paesi novamente retrovati, q. v.

Francisco de S. Maria, quoted, 177

Frankincense, 104, 213

Fumos (25° S., 32° E., Map III), 17, 217

Fusta, a galley, 83

Gabriel, see São Gabriel.

Gallois, Prof. L., xxxvi, 210

Galvão, Antonio, quoted, 173, 198, 206

Gama, Estevão da, nephew of Vasco, Voyage to India, 191

Gama, Gaspar da, at Anjediva, 84, 152; tortured, 86; information on countries to the south, 95, 115, 121; his history, 179, 180

Gama, Paulo da, offered the command of the expedition, xiii; captain of the S. Raphael, 1; loses the flagship, 2; rejoins his brother, 3; at St. Helena Bay, 8; tends the sick, 21; at Moçambique, 26, 31; his ship aground at Malindi, 44; at Calecut, 51, 65; at Anjediva, 85; his ship burnt, 91, 153; alleged breaking-up of his ship, 146, 147; his death, 94, 147, 148

Gama, Vasco da; His birth, xiii; qualification as a navigator, xiv; compared with Columbus, xv; his observations for latitude, xviii; authorities on his first voyage, xix; his death, xiv First Voyage.— The ships, 147, 151, 157-160; muster-roll, 173; despatch by King Manuel, 185, 230; Lisbon, dep., 1, 123, 146, 148, 151, 153, 185; Cape Verde, 3, 186; across the Southern Atlantic, xvii, 3, 142, 186; first landfall, 5, 189; St. Helena Bay, 5, 192; doubling the Cape, 8, 192; S. Braz Bay, 9, 192; alleged mutiny, 194; a gale, 14, 194; ilhéos chãos, 14, 195; Ilhéos da Cruz, 15, 195; Dias’ furthest, 15, 195; the Agulhas current, viii, 15; Rio do Cobre, 16, 196; Rio dos bons Signaes, 19, 146; Mozambique, 22, 146, 151, 197; false start for the north, 28, 197; the S. Raphael aground, 33, 197; Mombasa, 34, 198; Malindi, 40, 146, 151, 198; across the Arabian sea, 46, 198; landfall near Mount Eli, 47, 198; at Capocate, 48, 199; royal audiences, 56, 61, 126; capture of hostages, 72, 115, 180 Departure from Calecut, 76; supposed visits to Cochin and Cananor, 146, 147, 200; S. Maria islands and Anjediva, 80, 200; across the Arabian Sea, 87, 200; Magadoxo, 88, 200; Malindi, 89, 200; the S. Raphael burnt, 91, 201; Mozambique, 92, 201; S. Braz Bay, 92, 201; doubling the Cape, 92, 201; Rio Grande, 93, 201; return to Lisbon, 94, 113, 122, 124, 148 Loss of life during the voyage, 124, 141, 231 Second Voyage to India, 1502-3, 191, 233 Honours and rewards bestowed upon Vasco da Gama, 225-232 Instructions to Cabral, 190.

Garnett, Dr. R., 119

Gazelles, 6

Genoese needles, 26

George, see São Jorge.

Germanus, Henricus Martellus, his Map, 204

Ghats, Western, in India, 199

Ginger, 77, 103, 113

Giovanni da Empoli, 6, 99, 191

Goa (15° 25´ N., 73° 50´ E., Map IV), 219

Goes, Damião de, quoted, xx, 5, 8, 18, 19, 21, 26, 40, 45, 50, 53, 56, 57, 94, 112, 159, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180

Gold of Sofala, 33, 113, 124

Gonçalves, André, 176

Greiff, Dr. G., 121

Guillen, Felipe, 168

Gujarat (Guzerat, 22° N., 72° E., Map IV), F 45, 63

Gulf-weed, 4

Gulls, 8

Guzerate (Gujarat, 22° N., 72° E., Map IV), 45, 63

“Guzerati”, a merchant of Guzerat, or Gujarat, at Calecut, 63

Hamy, Dr. E. T., quoted, 18, 19, 21, 32, 206

Harar, Cidadym of, 78

Harrisse, Mr., 205

Helena, see Santa Helena.

Hellmann, G., quoted, 169

Herculano, quoted, xxiv, xxxiii, 41, 65, 195

Herons, 4

Heyd, W., 130

Hirth, F., 132

Horsburgh, Captain, 188

Horses, 133

Hostages taken at Calecut, 72, 115; carried to Portugal, 76

Hottentots, meeting with, 11-13

Hour-glasses, 168

Hulot, Baron, xxxvi

Ilha da Cruz, see Cruz.

Ilhas primeiras (17° S., 39° E., Map III), 21

Ilhéos chãos, low islets, Algoa Bay (33° 50´ S., 29° 18´ E., Map II), 4, 195, 216

Images, worshipped by Portuguese and Indians, 24

Incense, 104, 213

Infante, Rio de (i.e., River of J. Infante), frequently called Rio do Infante, i.e., River of the Infante, Prince Henry (33° 30´ S., 27° 8´ E., Map II), 14, 216

Ivory, 18

Jack-fruit, 57

Jaus, Rev. J. J., quoted, xxxvi, 52, 54, 97

Java, on Canerio’s Map, 211

Jeronymo de São José, 177

Jews at Calecut, 137

Jidda, Red Sea (21° 30´ N., 39° 10´ E., Map I), 78

Jordanus, Friar, quoted, 98

Jorge, see São Jorge.

Jornal das Viagens, 145, 146

Juromenho, Visconde, 159

Justice, administration of, at Calecut, 135

Kilwa, see Quiloa.

Kioni, Quioniete (30° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

Kirk, Sir John, quoted, xxxvi, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 90

Kohl, Dr., 205

Kopke, Diogo, quoted, xxii, xxiv, xxxii, 4, 5, 6, 13, 19, 24, 26, 32, 33, 38, 78, 97, 98, 99, 101, 120, 194

Krishna and Devaki, 53

Lac, 98, 101, 102, 104, 213

Laccadivas (10° N., 73° E, Map I), 134, 198

Lambel, striped cloth, 11

Lamu (2° 15´ S., 40° 20´ E., Map III), 219

Lançarote (29° N., 14° W.); pass to lee of it, 2

Larks, 6

Latitudes on early maps, 213; observed by Colon, xix

Laurie’s Sailing Directory, 190

League. The Portuguese (Castilian) legoa of 7,500 varas was equal to 6,269 meters, or 20,568 feet, and 17.72 of these legoas were consequently equal to one mean degree of a meridian. The Portuguese pilots generally assumed 17½ of these legoas to be equal to 1°; and had they known the real size of the earth the league would have been 6,350 m., an error of only 1.27 per cent. in the estimate of the size of the earth as determined by observation for latitude taken at sea. There can hardly be a doubt that the Italian mile was the same as the old Roman mile, and had a length of 1,480 m. Consequently, 4.236 of these miles were equal to a legoa, and when Sernigi (see p. 124) reckons 4¼ of these miles to a legoa he is very near the truth. On the Cantino chart 75 Italian miles are = 1° = 17.5 Portuguese legoas, and if we accept this estimate the legoa would be = 4.29 Italian miles. The Portuguese pilots at the Conference of Badajoz (1525), maintained, however, that 1 legoa = 4 Italian miles. As to Prof. Wagner’s “Portulano mile” (Report of Sixth International Geographical Congress, p. 698) of only 1,265 m., its shortness is obviously due to the very common over-estimate of distances, even when there is no mileage charge as in the case of London cabmen.

Leal, J. da Silva Mendes, quoted, 95

Leiria (39° 42´ N., 8° 50´ W.), 159

Lelewel, Joachim, 211

Leguat, F., quoted, 6

Lemos, Gaspar de, 205

Leonardo of Camões, 178

Linen cloth, 18

Lindsay, W. S., 159, 161

Lingams, 83

Linschoten’s Itinerarium, 203

Loadstone islands, 129

Lopes, Thomé, 191

Lourenço, Fernão, 159

Machado, Barbosa, xxv

Machado, João, a convict, 178

Mafia, island (70° 50´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 33

Magadoxo (2° 20´ N., 45° 25´ E.), 88, 200, 219

Magelhães, Fernão de, xv

Magnetic Variation, 168

Malabar, casts, 49

Malacca, Malagua (2° 10´ N., 102° 10´ E., Map I), 77, 100, 220, 213 F.

Malayalam, vocabulary, 105

Malema Cana, or Canaqua, pilot, 46, 181

Malindi, Melinde (3° 12´ S., 40° 10´ E., Map III), 40, 89, 125, 146

Malmsey, wine, 131

Manicongo (Congo), 17

Manso, Paiva, quoted, 167

Manuel, King, his letters on Vasco da Gama’s first voyage, 111, 230; quoted, 96, 173, 233; rewards to Gama, 225

Maps, early, 203

Marcel, Gabriel, xxxvi

Marcos, Lucas, an Abyssinian priest, 24, 167

Maria, see Santa Maria.

Mariz, Dialogues, xiv

Markham, Sir Clements R., quoted, xxxvi, 120, 165, 206, 208

Markham, Admiral Albert H., xxxvi

Marlota, a Moorish jacket or jerkin, 25

Matikal, a gold coin, value at Moçambique about 12s.; see p. 25

Martins, Fernão, at Moçambique, 23; at Calecut, xxix, 50, 57, 62, 176

Martinz, Fernão, Royal Chaplain, xvi

McCrindle, J. W., quoted, 26

Masser, Leonardi da Chá, 180, 227, 233

Mecca (21° 20´ N., 45° E., Map I), 47, 87, 113, 125, 130

Melequa, see Malacca.

Melinde, see Malindi.

Melons, 57

Mendes, A. Lopes, quoted, 80

Mendoso, J. de Escalante de, quoted, 174

Mendonça, H. Lopez de, 158, 161, 162

Mercy, river of, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, 19, 146, 173

Mexia, Sancho, at St. Helena Bay, 6, 177

Millet, 17

Misericordia, Rio da, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, 19, 169, 173

Mitkal (matikal), gold coin, 25

Moçambique (15° S., 40° 45´ E., Map III); arrival, 22, 146, 151, 197; trade, 23, 69; a conflict on return voyage, 92, 201

Moçambique current, 197

Modobar, Meduar on Lingga (2° 30´ N., 102° E., Map VII), 213, 220 E.

“Mohit”, quoted, 26, 208

Moll, A., map of Africa, 190

Moluccas, 77

Mombaça (4° 5´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III); arrival, 34; return, 91

Monçaide, a Moor, 48, 50, 72, 75, 79, 112, 115, 180

Monte formosa, Cotta Point (11° 30´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), 199

Money, see Cruzado, Real, Reis, matikals, fanão, xerafin

Monsoons, 136, 198, 200

Montemór o novo (38° 40´ N., 8° 15´ W.), 185

Moor, E., quoted, 53

Moorish merchants at Calecut, 61, 62, 68, 127, 152

Moplah, 49

Morelet, Arthur, xxxiv

Moreri, xxv

Mori, A., 205

Mourá, quoted, 25

Mtwapa, see Benapa.

Musk, 100, 104

Nairs, at Calecut, 49

Natal, its discovery, 16

Native navigation, 134, 139

Navarrete, D. Martin Fernandez de, xvii, note 2

Nicobar Islands (7° N., 94° E., Map VII), 214 M., 220

Nile, river, 78

Niza (39° 32´ N., 7° 40´ W.), 100 miles N.E. of Lisbon, 235

Nova, João da, 178, 190, 206, 210

Nuguoquioniete, see Takaungu and Quioni.

Nunes, Antonio, quoted, 25

Nunes, Gonçalo, 175

Nunes, João, 48

Nunez, João, a convict, 179

Nunes, Pedro, 168

Nutmeg, 100, 104, 113

Oliveira, Fernando, quoted, 162

Oliveira, João Braz d’, 162

Olivença, Spain (38° 40´ N., 7° 5´ E.), xiii

Oporto, in Portugal, xxiii

Ortelius, 115, 125

Ortiz de Vilhegas, see Vilhegas.

Osorio, D. Jeronymo, quoted, 6, 26, 194

Ouro, Rio do (west coast of Africa, 23° 50´ N., 16° E., Map I), 2

Ouro, Rio do, or Limpopo (25° 20´ S., 33° 30´ E., Map III), 19

Pacheco Pereira, Duarte, quoted, 161, 192

Padrões, 169; at S. Bráz, 15; of S. Raphael, 21; at Calecut, 74, 75; of S. Maria, 80; S. Jorge, 92

Padua, baixos de, (13° N., 72° 20´ E., Map IV), 198

Paesi novamente retrovati, 120, 123, 124, 128, 137, 141

Pagodas, at Calecut, 53

Paiva, Afonso de, 167

Paiva, Antonio da Costa, editor of the Roteiro, xxii, xxxii

Paiva, Baron Castello de, editor of the Roteiro, xxxiii

Palha, João, 177

Panane (10° 50´ N., 75° 55´ E., Map IV), 50

“Pandarani” (11° 28´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), 48; at anchor there, 50; detention, 63

Parrots, 100

Pate, town (2° 10´ S., 41° 2´ E.), 88

Pater, Pedir (5° N., 96° 30´ E., Map I), 102

Pearls, 23, 138, 213, 214

Pegu (17° 20´ N., 96° 30´ E. Map I), 100

Pelele, lip-disk, 20

Pelican, a device of King João II, 100

Pemba Island (5° S., 39° 4´ E., Map III), 34

Penguins, 92

Pepper, 77, 103, 113, 213

Peragallo, quoted, 227

Pereira, Duarte Pacheco, see Pacheco.

Perestrello, M. de Mesquito, quoted, 14, 15, 19

Periplus of the Erythrean, 26

Peurbach, G. (born 1423, died 1461), 68

Peutinger, Conrad, abstract of Sernigi’s letter, 121, 122, 141

Pilots, at Moçambique, 25; Mombaça, 37; Malindi, 45

Pimentel’s Roteiro, quoted, 14

Pinzon, Vicento Yanez, 205, 206

Pinto, Mendes, quoted, 99

Pirez, Gonçalo, 177

Pliny, quoted, 140

Polo, Marco, quoted, xvii, 98, 211

Porcelain, 200, 213

Precious stones, 130, 140, 213, 214

Prester John, 24, 134

Ptolemaic traditions, 206, 207, 211, 167

Ptolemy’s Taprobana, 209

Quafees, priests, 54

Quicksilver, 97

Qualicut, see Calecut.

Quiloa, Kilwa (9° S., 39° 30´ E., Map III), 32, 46, 233

Quilon, Coulão, (8° 52´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

Quintal, a weight, equal to 110 Portuguese pounds of 16 oz. each, 103

Quintella, Admiral Ignacio da Costa, 208

Quioni, Kioni (3° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

Quorongoliz, Corongolos (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

Rae, G. Milne, quoted, 138

Ramusio, quoted, 120, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141

“Raphael”, see “São Raphael”.

Real (plur. réis), a Portuguese silver coin. The Cologne marc (229.5 grammes) of a fineness of 11/12ths, was coined into 2,280 réis in 1485, into 2,340 in 1499, 2,500 in 1517, and 2,600 in 1555. See Cruzado.

Red Sea, 47, 125, 130

Regiomontanus (astronomer, born 1436, died 1575), 168

Réis, see Real and Cruzado.

Reis, Rio dos, Delagoa Bay (26° S., 33° E., Map III), 18, 217

Resende, Garcia de, xiv

Restello, suburb of Lisbon, 1

Rezende, Pero Barretto de, quoted, 94, 143, 149, 150, 157, 161

Rhubarb, 102, 104, 213

Ribeiro’s map, 18

Ribeyro, Leonardo, 178

Richthofen, Prof. F. von (geographer, born 1833), 132

Rio de Infante, see Infante.

Rio dos Bons Signaes, see Bons Signaes.

Rio do Cobre, see Cobre.

Rio Grande, Guinea (11° 20´ N., 15° 30´ W., Map I), 93

Rivara, Cunha, quoted, 148, 175

Rodriguez (or Rodrigo), the physician, 167

Rodriguez, Damião, 179

Romish images, 45, 53, 54

Rosetta, Egypt, 7, 8

Rossamalha, 142 note.

Roteiro, the MS., xxii; the author, xxv; his style, xxviii; Portuguese editions, xxxii; French translations, xxxiv; English translation, xxxv

Rubies, 98, 102, 113

Sá, João de, xxx, xxxi; 51, 54, 90, 94, 122, 176

Sal, Ilha do, Cape Verde (16° 40´ N., 23° W., Map I), 2

Samori or Samurin, see Zamorin.

Sandalwood, 213

San Roman, quoted, 173

Santa Cruz, terra de, or Ilha de Cruz, Brazil, 14, 15, 205

Santa Helena, Bay of, 5, 192; (32° 40´ S., 18° E., Map II), 5, 192

Santa Maria, Bay of, São Thiago, 3

Santa Maria, Ilhas de, India (13° 20´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), 80, 200

Santarem, Vizconde de, quoted, 145, 146

Santiago, see São Thiago.

Santos, Antonio Ribeiro dos, quoted, 168

Santos, João dos, quoted, 19

São Braz, bay, Mossel Bay (34° 10´ S., 22° 10´ E., Map II), 9, 92, 192

“São Gabriel,” flagship, 1, 94, 112, 155, 163; burnt, 146; picture of, 155; description of, 159

São Jorge, island (15° 2´ S., 40° 45´ E., Map III), 25, 28, 31, 92, 197

“São Raphael,” Paulo da Gama’s ship, springs a mast, 16; repaired, 20; aground, 33; at Anjediva, 88; injured, 88; burnt, 91

São Raphael, shoals (5° 20´ S., 39° 8´ E., Map III) and mountains of, 33, 91, 97, 201; padrão of, 196

São Thiago de Cacem (38° N., 8° 40´ W.), headquarters of the Order of S. Thiago, 10 miles N. E. of Sines, 232, 234

São Thiago (Samtiago), Cape Verde isles (15° N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), 3

São Thiago, river of, St. Helena Bay (33° 45´ S., 18° 10´ E., Map III), 5

Sapphires, 98, 102

Schott, Dr. G., 187

Schück, Capt. A., 187

Scientific outfit of Vasco da Gama, 166

Scurvy, 20, 187, 200

Seals, 4, 6, 8, 13, 92

Seal Island (Mossel Bay), 13

Seed-pearls, 23, 213

Sernigi, Girolamo, his letters, 119-142; quoted, 158, 160, 173

Setubal, João, 178

Sewn boats, 26

Sharifs, 29

Sheath, over virile member, 6

Siam (15° N., 110° E., Map I), 99

Sickness at Mombaça, 35 (see Scurvy).

Silk, 98, 99, 100, 213, 214

Silva, A. A. Baldaque da, quoted, xxxvi, 162

Sinai, mount, 78, 130

Sines (37° 57´ N., 8° 50´ W.), xiii, 225, 227, 228, 233

Singapore, see Çinguapara.

Síwa-blower, 43

Sneyd, Mr. Ralph, 119

Sofala, Çoffala, gold mines (20° S., 34° 30´ E., Map III), 212, 233 A.

Sotilicayos (Cape Penguins), 13

Sousa, João de, quoted, 44, 79

Sousa, Francisco de, 177

Speechley, Bishop J. W., xxxvi, 97, 105

Spice Islands, 135

Spice trade, 113, 127, 137, 214

Spruner’s Historical Atlas, 190

Stanley of Alderley, Lord, quoted, xiv, xxxiv, 3, 8, 9, 19, 21, 40, 44, 48, 56, 58, 104, 173, 177, 178, 179, 194

Storax, 213

Strassburg, Ptolemy, maps of, 211

Sumatra (Çamatarra, 0°, 110° E., Map I), 98, 101, 213, 220

Takaunga, Tocanuguo, Toça (3° 40´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

Tamugata, Tangata, Mtangata (5° 15´ S., 39° 5´ E., Map III), 33, 93

Taprobana (Ceylon), 115; (identified with Ceylon), 139, 213

Tausens, imaginary islands, 205

Tavira (37° 8´ N., 7° 40´ W.), a town in Algarve, 234

Tebas or Thebas, imaginary islands, 205, 210

Tenacar, Tenasserim (12° 10´ N., 92° E., Map I), 99

Terceira, Azores (38° 40´ N., 27° W., Map I), 94

Terra, see Fumos.

Terra alta, Sahara (24° 30´ N., 15° 30´ E., Map I), 2

Terra da boa gente (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), 17, 196

Thebas, imaginary islands, 205, 210

Thiago, see São Thiago.

Thomar (32° 38´ N., 8° 23´ W.), since 1356 principal seat of the Order of Christ, 233

Timoja, the “pirate”, 82

Tîmor (10° S., 125° E.), 101

Tin, 18, 100, 213

Toar, Sancho de, discovers Delagoa Bay, 18; shipwrecked at Mombaça, 38

Toleta de Martoloia, 168

Tomaschek, Dr., quoted, 26, 208

Tonnage of vessels, 161

Toscanelli’s letter, xvi

Touca, a cap, 20, 23

Trinidad Island (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ E., Map I), 187, 190, 191 (its discovery)

Trinity, Order of, 177

Tristão da Cunha, Islands (37° 24´ S., 12° 20´ W., Map I), 189, 190, note 2

Turtle Doves, 6

Tuuz, Tor (28° 15´ N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), 78

Valle, Pietro della, quoted, 55

Vallego, A. Cánovas, 206

Variation of the compass, 168

Varthema, quoted, 99, 102, 139

Varnhagen, 158

Vasconcellos, E. J. Carvalho e, xxxvi

Velho, Alvaro, xxx, xxxi, 178

Veloso, Fernão, at St. Helena Bay, 7; muster-roll, 178

Venice, 78

Vespucci, Amerigo, 120, 179, 206, 211

Vilhegas, Diogo Ortiz de, 166, 167

Vidigueira (38° 12´ N., 7° 48´ W.), 236, 237

Villa de Frades, village, one mile from Vidigueira, 235, 236

Villafranca de Xira, town on the Tejo, twenty miles above Lisbon (38° 58´ N., 9° W.), 227, 234

Villanova de Milfontes, coast town, fifteen miles south of Sines (37° 43´ N., 8° 45´ W.), 231, 234

Villa Viçosa (38° 47´ N., 70° 24´ W.), 236

Vizinho, José, 167

Vocabulary of Malayalam, 105

Whales, 4, 6

Wieser, F. R. von, xix

Wine at Calecut, 131, 135

Wolf, Rudolf, quoted, 168

Xarnauz, Sornau, Siam, 99

Xerafin, a coin at Calecut, equal to 12 fanãos in gold, or 7s. 5d.

Yule, Colonel, quoted, 47, 98, 99, 130, 131

Zacut, the astronomer, 167, 168

Zambuk, see Barca.

Zamorin, title of ruler of Calecut, 61; his letter to Vasco da Gama, 75 (see also Gama and Dias).

Zanzibar, (6° 10´ S., 30° 10´ E., Map III), 92, 207, 218

Zavra, a dhau, 34

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