INDEX.
Reading edition
Acta Apostolorum, Gr., Lat. (Laud. Codex), Oxford 1715; 321
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniæ, Louvain, 1645; 75
Adams (Geo.), successor to Moxon, 192
Advertisement of Caxton, 49, 87
Ælfredi Res Gestæ, Lond. 1574; 73, 95, 96, 98, 144, 176
Ælfric’s Paschal Homily, Lond. 1567; 73, 95: Lond. 1623; 73
Æneas Silvius, Louvain, 1483; 43
Æsop’s Fables, Milan, 1480; 57: Louvain, 1513; 59
Aldus Manutius, Specimen, 49, 169; ‘Silver type’, 106; Greek, 58; Hebrew, 62; Initials, 80; Italic, 50; Ornaments, 82; Roman, 41
Alexandrian Greek, matrices, Grover, 198, 204, 321; James, 228, 303, 321; Fry, 303, 304, 311, 321; Jackson, 321, 322
Alfieri, Works of, Kehl, 1786–1809; 286
Alphabet Irlandais, Paris, 1804; 76, 191
Alphabetarium Runic-Swed., Stockholm, 1611; 72
Alphabetum, Heb., Gr., Paris 1507; 62: Paris 1516; 63
Amerbach, Roman type of, 43
America, first letter-founders in, 350
Ames (Jos.) on Caxton’s types, 84, 242; on Caslon’s, 242; inaccuracy of, 349
Amharic, same as Ethiopic, 69, 177; Castell’s, 177; Oxford, 177; Fry, 309, 311
Amman (Jost), Book of Trades, 104
ANDERTON (GEO.) founder, 246, 350; specimen of, 350
ANDREWS (ROB.) 157, 166, 194–197; succeeds Moxon, 194; punches cut by, 74, 157, 196; summary of foundry, 195; foundry sold, 197
——— Matrices: Anglo-Norman, 196; Arabic, 195; Blacks, 194, 196, 312; Ethiopic, 194, 193; Greek, 195, 197; Hebrew, 194, 195; Irish, 194, 196; Music, 77, 196; Roman and Italic, 195, 197; Samaritan, 70, 195; Saxon, 74, 157, 196; Secretary, 196; Signs, etc., 196; Syriac, 195, 241
ANDREWS (SYL.) son of above, 149, 195, 209; supplies Baskett, 210; foundry sold, 211; epitaph, 211
ANDREWS (SYL.) Matrices: Hebrew, 209; Roman and Italic, 209, 210
‘ANONYMOUS FOUNDRY,’ 206
——— Matrices: Anglo-Norman, 207; Arabic, 207; Black, 207; Ethiopic, 207; Gothic, 207; Greek, 207; Roman, 207
Anglo-Norman Matrices: Andrews, 196; ‘Anon,’, 207; James, 223, 228
Anglo-Saxon; see Saxon
Anthologia, Gr., Florence 1494; 57
Antimony, discovered, 20; use of in type metal, 20, 117; prices of, 118
Antiqua, German name for Roman, 42; Italian ditto, 42
Antiques linguæ Brit, rudimenta, Lond. 1621; 64
Applegarth (A.) type-casting machine of, 121
Apprentice-founders, regulation of, 130, 133; in France, 129
Aquinas (St. Th.) Summa, 1462; 54
Arabic, first types of, 65; printed in Black or Hebrew, 65; early in Italy, 65, 66; Paris, 65; Leyden, 65, 141, 144; Upsala, 66
——— in England, first types, 66; printed in Italic, 66; written by hand, 66; De Worde’s, 66, 91; Bedwell’s, 66, 145; none at Oxford, 1639, 66: Flesher’s, 66
——— Matrices: Oxford, 66, 147, 148, 155, 161; Polyglot, 66, 173, 174, 177, 198; Andrews, 195; Grover, 198, 235; ‘Anon,’ 207; James, 67, 223, 228, 303; Caslon, 67, 235, 240, 247, 254; Fry, 67, 303, 309, 311; Caslon III, 326
——— Punches: James, 229
Arabian Trudgman, Lond. 1615; 66
Arba Turim, Pheibia, 1475; 62
Arber (E.) on early English printers, 125
Archaionomia, Lond. 1568; 95
Areopagitica of Milton, 130
Aristotle, Venice, 1495; 58
Armenian, first types, 68; at Rome, 68; Paris, 68; Amsterdam, 68; Marseilles, 68; Constantinople, 68
——— Matrices: Oxford, 62, 148, 153, 161; Caslon, 69, 239, 240, 247, 254; Caslon III, 326
Aspinwall (T.) type-casting machine of, 122
Astle (T.) on early type ‘bills,’ 28; on Day’s Saxon, 96
Atanasia, Spanish type body, 37
Athias (Jos.) Dutch founder, 114, 215; Hebrew type of, 64, 215, 238, 264
Attempts to convert the Native Irish, Lond., n.d., 190
Augustin, a type body, 32, 37
Augustini, De Civitate Dei, Rome, 1474; 37: Basle, 1506; 37
AUSTIN (RICHD.) letter founder, 359; cuts punches for Stephenson, 353, 359; Wilson, 360; and Miller, 355, 360; starts a foundry, 360; specimen and advertisement, 360; anecdote of, 360; his successors, 360
——— Matrices, Roman and Italic, 360
Baber (H. H.) facs. of Alexandrian Codex, 322
Badius Ascensius, French printer, 20; device, 106; Greek, 58; Hebrew, 63; Roman, 43
Bagford (Jno.) notes on printing, 84, 139, 140, 144, 146, 165; on Oxford Specimen, 154; on Oxford Printing House, 156
Bagster (S.), Polyglot Bible of, 65, 308, 311, 341; Hebrew, cut for, 65, 341; Syriac, 308, 311, 342
BAINE (JNO.) partner with Wilson, 239, 260; begins a foundry in London, 349; in Edinburgh, 349; specimens, 263, 349, 350
Barclay (R.) patent punches of, 119
Barker (Chr.) report on printers, 1582: 126
Barker (F.) printer of ‘Wicked’ Bible, 142, 143
Barnes (Jos.) Oxford printer, 140
BARTON—letter founder, 364
Base-Secretary, peculiar type, 55, 56, 289
BASKERVILLE (JNO.) 268–87; early training, 268; first types cut by, 268, 269, 275; letters to Dodsley, 270–2; Virgil, 1757, 271, 272, 273; specimens, 271, 276, 277, 287; preface to Milton, 275; tribute to Caslon, 243, 275; employed by Oxford Press, 160, 273, 274; dazzling impressions of, 275, 279; relics of, at Oxford, 160, 162, 274; privilege from Cambridge, 276, 278; type bodies, 276; punch-cutters for, 269, 277, 353; letter to H. Walpole, 278; prejudice against, 278, 279, 280, 284; folio Bible, 1763, 279; tries to sell business, 278, 281, 284; correspondence with Franklin, 280, 281; various tributes to, 263, 272, 277, 280, 284; retires from printing, 281, resumes 281; death, 281; personal notices of, 282; epitaph and burial, 282, 283; portrait, 283; his influence on English typography, 284, 299, 305, 310, 332, 333; destination of his types, 287, 286
——— Matrices: Roman, 47, 48, 263, 270, 271, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 284; Greek, 61, 160, 273, 274; Initials, 81, 270
Bakerville (Mrs.) notice of, 282, 283; her advertisements, 283; book printed by, 238
Baskett (Jno.) printer at Oxford, 210; his ‘Vinegar’ Bible, 1717–16, 210; inventory of his types, 210; ‘silver initials’ of, 107, 211
Batarde, a class of type, 36, 53, 55
Bay (Jno.) early American founder, 350
Beaumarchais, purchases Baskerville’s foundry, 284; typographical establishment at Kehl, 285; editions of Voltaire, 285, 286
Beauties of the Poets, Lond. 1788; 306
Bebel, Hebrew type of, 63
Bede’s Works, Camb. 1644; 74
Bedell (Bp.) A B C. or Catechism, Dublin, 1631, 188; Irish Old Testament, Lond. 1685; 188
Bedwell (Wm.) buys Arabic abroad, 66, 145
BELL and STEPHENSON, letter founders, 353
Bellows’ French Dictionary, Edinburgh, 1873; 356
Bengalee matrices, Jackson, 317, 318; Wilkins, 318
Bensley (T.) printer, employs Figgins, 336
Bernard (A.) on sculpto-fusi types, 8; sand-cast type, 10, 12; ‘getté en molle,’ 13; on early founts, 27
Berte (A. F.) type-casting machine of, 119, 120
Berthelet (T.) types of, 94; Boke named the Governour, 94
BESLEY (ROBT.) partner of Thorowgood, 296
BESSEMER (ANT.) letter founder, 254, 265, 358; starts at Charlton, 358; joined, by J. J. Catherwood, 358; removes to London, 359; minute types cut by, 358, 359; foundry sold, 359; specimens, 358, 359
——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, 359
Bessemer (H.) son of above, type casting machine of, 265, 359
Bettenham (Jas.) printer, 234; assists Caslon, 234
Bewick (T.) wood-engraver, 306, 330, 331
Bible (Polyglot), Complutum, 1514–17; 59, 63, 169, 170; Antwerp, 1569–72; 51, 59, 64, 169, 170; Heidelberg, 1586; 170; Hamburg, 1596; 170; Nuremburg, 1599; 170: Paris, 1645; 66, 67, 70, 169, 170, 171; London, 1657; 47, 66, 68, 69, 70, 98, 136; account of, 168–176; London, 1817–28, &c., 65, 68, 308, 341
——— (Hebrew) Soncino, 1488; 62; Basle, 1534: 63; Hamburg, 1587 and 1603; 63, 247; Amsterdam, 1639; 64; Amsterdam, 1667; 64, 215; Amsterdam, 1705; 64
——— (Greek) Alexandrian Codex, Lond. 1816–21; 322
——— (Latin) Mentz n.d., 26, 27, 53
——— (English) Lond. 1539 (Grafton’s) 124; Edinburgh 1576 (Bassendyne) 46; Lond. 1631 (Barker) 142, 198; Lond. 1653 (Field) 47; Oxford, 1717–16 (Baskett) 210; Cambridge 1763 (Baskerville) 279; Lond. 1774–6 (Moore) 301; Bristol, 1774 (Pine) 301; Lond. 1776 (Pasham) 324; Lond. 1777 (Fry) 302; Lond. 1800 (Macklin) 323, 336
——— (Armenian) Amsterdam, 1666; 68
——— (Irish) Lond. 1685; 75, 190; Lond. 1690; 190
——— (Russian) Prague, 1517–19; 71
——— (Sclavonic) Ostrog, 1581; 71: Moscow, 1663; 71
——— (Syriac) Lond. 1829; 68
Bible-height at Oxford, 155
Bible-printing, complaints of, 232
Bibliander, on wooden types, 4
Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome, 1591; 65, 67, 68
‘Bill’ of early founders, 28
Bill (Jno.) Hebrew type of, 64
Binneman (H.) types of, 96
BLACK, a founder, 364
Black letter, early use of in England, 54, 97; Caxton’s, 53, 87, 88, 89, 312, 343; De Worde’s, 53, 89, 90, 91, 197, 199, 225, 239; Faques’, 93; fashions in, 54; semi-gothic, 55, 94; mixed with Roman, 45, 80
——— Matrices:—Oxford, 148, 161; Polyglot, 173, 177; Andrews, 196, 312; Grover, 197, 199, 225; Head, 206, 241; Mitchell, 206, 241; ‘Anon.’, 207; James, 54, 214, 217, 223, 228, 303; Caslon, 54, 239, 240, 248, 254; Wilson, 264; Fry, 303, 310, 311, 334; Thorne, 295; Caslon III, 326; Figgins, 340, 343
Blades (Wm.) on early schools of typography, 9; on page by page printing, 26; Life of Caxton, 83; on early letter-founding, 102
BLAKE, GARNETT & CO., purchase Caslon IV’s foundry, 327; specimen, 328; Orientals, 328
Blind type: Haüy’s, 78; Lucas, 79; Frere, 79; Moon, 79; Braille, 79; Carton, 79; Alston, 78, 79, 309; Fry, 78, 79, 308, 309
Block books, not typographical, 2; latest printed, 2
Block-printing, see Stereotype
Bodies, see Type-bodies
Bodman on wooden types, 4
Bodoni (G. B.) notice of, 251, 252; specimens, 50, 252; influence on English typography, 251, 331; Manuale Tipografico, 72, 252; Etruscan letter of, 72; Greek, 61, 252, 332; Roman, 48, 251; Russian, 72
Boëthius de Consolatione, Oxon. 1698; 151
Boke named the Governour, Lond. 1531; 94
Bolts (W.) Bengalee type cut for, 317, 318, 319
Bomberg, Hebrew type of, 62
Bourgeoise, a class of type, 32
Bourgeois, an English type-body, 33, 39
Bourgeois (J. de) Rouen printer, 103
BOWER (G. W.) Sheffield founder, 357; specimen, 357; partners of, 357; attempt to regulate type bodies, 35, 357; foundry sold, 357
Bowyer (Wm.) printer, account of, 234; Saxon type used by, 74, 157, 289; fire of his office, 157, 197, 205, 234; his aid to Caslon, 234, 236, 238, 316
Bowyer (Wm. II) his aid to Jackson, 315, 316, 323
Boydell (Jno.) founder of the Shakespeare press, 330
Boyle (R.) Irish type cut for, 189
Bradshaw (Henry) on the type of the Mentz Psalter, 11; on the first Oxford types, 138
Branston, engraver and maker of cast ornaments, 360; his stereoplates for music, 360
Breaking off, process in founding, 111, 115, 116, 117, 131
‘Breaks’ of early types, 22
Breitkopf (J. G.) Leipzig founder, 296; German type of, 296; Map type, 296; Music, 78, 296; Russian, 71, 72, 296
Brèves (Sav. de) Arabic cut for, 66; Syriac, 67
Breviary (Icelandic), Hoolum, 1531; 73
Brevier, a type body, 32; English, 32, 33, 39, 129; German, 38
Brilliant, an English type body, 356
British Theatre, Lond. 1791–2; 52
Brotherly Meeting of Printers, 165, 166, 171, 178, 193, 194, 197, 205
BROWN, letter-founder, 358
Browne (J.) Hebrew used by, 64
Bruce (D.) type-casting machine of, 122
Buchanan (Cl.) Syriac cut for, 342
Buck (T.) Cambridge printer, 141
Buel (Abel) early American founder, 350
Bullock’s Oratio, Camb. 1521; 141
Bulmer (W.) fine printer, 330, 331, 333; employs Birmingham cutters, 284, 331; prints for Roxburghe club, 312, 334
Burghers (M.) Oxford University engraver, 151, 210
Bus (J.) Dutch founder, 114, 215
Cædmon’s Paraphrase of Genesis, Amsterdam, 1655; 74
Calasio Concordantiæ, Lond. 1747; 346
Cambridge University, early printing at, 139, 141; offer to buy the Paris Greek, 61, 141; Greek types at, 60, 141; borrow type from Oxford, 61, 141; Saxon types of, 74; privilege to Ged for stereotype, 219; to Baskerville, 276, 278; Orientals, cut by Fry for, 308
Cambro-brytannicæ . . lingua Institutiones, Lond. 1592; 64
Canon, a type body, 32, 36; Tory’s definition of, 32
Carmen Tograi, Oxon. 1661; 66, 68
Cartlitch (Miss), married Caslon II, 248
CASLON (WM.) the First, 233–246; gunsmith’s apprentice, 233; first attempts at typography, 233–6; first foundry, 234; early patrons, 234; Palmer’s conduct to, 235, 238; early difficulties, 237; offers for Grover’s foundry, 237; reputation of, 237; first specimen, 240, 290; view of his foundry, 108, 116, 243, 288, 316; specimens, 241, 242, 280; various tributes to, 158, 241, 242, 243, 275; wager with Ged, 219, 238; rival to James, 219, 222, 238; buys half Mitchell’s foundry, 206, 221, 241; made a Justice, 243; his workmen, 243, 288, 290, 315, 316, 350, 351; family, 245, 246; retires, 244; anecdote of private life, 245; dies, 246; influence on English typography, 47, 249, 284, 301, 303, 305
——— Matrices: Armenian, 69, 239, 240, 247, 254; Arabic, 67, 235, 240, 247, 254, 311; Black, 54, 239, 240, 241, 248, 254; Coptic, 70, 236, 237, 240, 234; Ethiopic, 69, 240, 254; Etruscan, 72, 239, 240, 247,254; Flowers, 222, 240, 241, 248; Gothic, 73, 239, 240, 248, 254; Greek, 240, 241, 247, 254; Hebrew, 65, 236, 240, 247, 254; Initials, 81; Music, 254; Roman and Italic, 47, 48, 52, 159, 197, 236, 240, 247, 254, 284; Samaritan, 70, 240, 241, 247, 254; Saxon, 74, 240, 248, 254; Syriac, 68, 240, 241, 247, 254
CASLON (WM.) the Second, son of above, enters business, 241; specimens, 246; Mores’ prejudice against, 244, 247; anecdote of, 316; dies, 248; wife and family of, 248
——— Matrices: Black, 248; Greek, 247; Hebrew, 247; Music, 248; ‘Proscription-type,’ 248; Saxon, 74, 248; Syriac, 246
CASLON (MRS. W.) wife of above, formerly Miss Cartlitch, 248; manages for her husband, 248; succeeds to the business in 1792, 250; member of trade Association, 250; death, 251; tributes to, 251; decline in value of foundry under, 251
CASLON (WM.) the Third, son of W. Caslon II, succeeds to the business, 248; specimens, 248, 249, 250; founder to His Majesty, 249; altercation with Frys, 249, 303, 304; large sand cast type of, 250; cast ornaments, 254, 326; leaves Chiswell Street, 250; relations with Jackson, 317, 325
——— Matrices (Chiswell Street): Script, 249
——— Buys Jackson’s foundry, 325; uses Chiswell Street Orientals and Cast Ornaments, 325, 326; specimens, 325, 326; retirement and character, 326, 327
——— Matrices (Salisbury Square): Arabic, 326; Armenian, 326; Black, 326; Greek, 326; Hebrew, 326; Samaritan, 326; Saxon, 326; Syriac, 326
CASLON (HENRY) the First, son of W. Caslon II, 248; joint heir to foundry, 248; wife of, 250; death, 250
CASLON (Mrs. HENRY) wife of above, formerly Miss Rowe, 200, 250; joint proprietor of foundry, 251, 252; sole proprietor, 251; regenerates foundry, 251; cuts new founts, 251; her partner, 252; marries Mr. Strong, 252; illness and death, 252; specimen, 252
——— Matrices: Roman and Italic, 251, 252, 253
CASLON (HENRY) the Second, son of above, 250; infant proprietor of foundry, 251; sole proprietor, 253; partners of, 253, 254; additions to foundry, 253, 254, 334; state of foundry in 1825, 234; revives the Old Style, 255; death, 255
——— Matrices: German, 254; Greek, 254; Persian, 254; Diamond Roman, 358; Sanscrit, 254
CASLON (HY. WM.) son and partner of above, 235; unites Glasgow and Caslon foundries, 253, 263; offers foundry for sale, 255; dies, the last of his name, 255
CASLON (WM.) the Fourth, son and partner of Wm. Caslon III, 326; succeeds to Salisbury Square Foundry, 327; improved types, 120, 327; ‘Sanspareil’ matrices, 327; sells foundry to Blake, 327; character, 328
Caslon (Saml.) mould-maker, brother to Wm. Caslon I. 246, 350
Caslon (Thos.) bookseller, son of Wm. Caslon I, 246
Caslon Foundry, type bodies in 1841, 34; changes in the value of, 251, 255; relics preserved at, 245
Cast Ornaments, introduced by W. Caslon III, 250, 326; Fry’s, 306; Vizitelly, Branston’s, 360, 361
Castell (E.) his Heptaglot Lexicon, 176, 177
Casting, primitive methods of, 9; early irregularity of, 18, 25; in sand, 9, 10, 12; in clay, 11, 12; Moxon’s account of, 111; improvements in, 119–22
Castle of Otranto, Parma, 1791; 251
Catechism and Articles in Irish, Dublin, 1571; 75, 187
Catechism in Irish, Lond. 1680?; 189
Catena on Job, Lond. 1637; 98, 144, 176, 198, 201, 228
CATHERWOOD (NATL.) partner of Mrs. H. Caslon, 252
CATHERWOOD (J. J.) brother to above, 253; partner of Hy. Caslon II, 253; leaves Chiswell Street, 254; notice of, by Johnson, 254; starts a foundry, 254, 358; joins A. Bessemer, 358; retires, 359
Catholicon, Mentz, 1460; 16
Caxton (Wm.) first English printer, 84; early training, 84, 85; probable methods of type founding, 85, 86, 343; type cast by, 84, 85, 102; mould of, 88; types of, 86–9; Black, 53, 87, 88; Secretary, 55, 86, 87, 88; Initials, 79; type ornaments, 82; first books of, 86; his advertisement, 49, 87; printed page by page, 26; translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, by, 312; employs a foreign printer, 91; facsimiles of his types, 343, 344
Celtis, his reference to cut types, 7
Certificate, letter founders’, form of, 135
‘Chalcographia,’ derivation of, 15
Champfleury, Paris, 1529; 32, 183
Chapel (a founders’), account of, 112, 166, 186
Chapman, prints with Baskerville’s types, 283
Charles II and the London Polyglot, 176; on the Alexandrian Codex facsimile, 203
Chevillier (A.) on the London Polyglot, 172
Chinese type cast in plaster moulds, 15
Christian Doctrine, Dublin 1652; 75, 188
Christianæ Pietatis prima Institutio, Lond. 1578; 98
Chronological account of Irish writers, Dublin 1820; 190
Chrysostomi Homiliæ, Lond. 1543; 60, 95: Opera, Oxon. 1586; 60, 140; Translations from, Oxon. 1602; 64: Opera, Eton 1610–12; 60, 140
Church (W.) Type casting machine of, 121
Cicero’s suggestion of mobile types, 3
Cicero, a type body, 32, 38
Cicero de Officiis, Mentz 1465; 38, 57; Rome 1469; 38
——— de Oratore, Rome 1465; 40
Civilité, Lettre de, a French cursive, 56; Plantin’s, 56
Clarendon Printing House, Oxford, 156
Clarke (S.) Oxford architypographus, 146
Classical ‘height-to-paper’ at Oxford, 155, 274
Claudin (A.) old Lyonnaise types of, 20; on early type markets, 103
Clayton (Robt.) patent matrices, 16, 121
Clemens Romanus ad Corinthios, Oxon. 1633; 143, 201
Codex Alexandrinus, history of, 200; attempts to facsimile, 200–5, 321
Codex Bezæ, facsimile of, Camb. 1793; 322
Collection of Hymns, Bristol 1769; 299
Colonel, a Dutch and German type body, 39
Commentary on the Pentateuch, Reggio 1475; 62
Common Prayer, Lond. 1550; 77: Cambridge 1760–2; 279
——— (Irish) Dublin 1608; 75, 187; Lond. 1712; 190
Complutensian Polyglot, types of, 59, 63, 169
Copland (R.) printer, types of, 94
Coptic types of the Propaganda, 69; Voskens, 70; Fournier, 70
——— Matrices: Oxford, 70, 147, 148, 153, 155, 161; Grover, ‘new-hand,’ 198, 200; Caslon, 70, 236, 237, 240, 247, 254
Cornish (J. D.) his specimen of Caslon’s types, 246
Corpus, a German type body, 39
Coster legend disposed of by Van der Linde, 2
COTTRELL (THOS.) 221, 288–92; apprentice to Caslon, 243, 288, 290, 316; starts a foundry, 288, 316; his tribute to Caslon, 244, 290; specimens, 290, 291, 292; repairs the Elstob Saxon, 158, 289; Fournier’s notice of, 290; private in the Guards, 290, 316; Nichols’ notice of, 291; his foundry, 292
——— Matrices: Domesday, 74, 291, 292, 294, 320; Engrossing, 56, 289, 290, 291, 292, 295; Flowers, 290, 291, 292; “Proscription,” 291, 292, 317; Roman and Italic, 48, 289, 290, 291, 292; Russian, 72, 291
Court Hand, early English, 55, 289
——— Matrices: Grover, 199, 204; James, 228, 303; Fry, 303
Cromwell (Oliver), his aid to the London Polyglot, 172, 175
Cupi, a Dutch punch cutter, 114, 215, 216
Cursiv, a German name for Italic, 51
‘Cut matrices,’ a misnomer, 8
Cyclopædia, E. Chambers, Lond. 1728; 38: Lond. 1738; 241: Lond. 1784–6; 250, 203
Danish type at Oxford, 73, 151
Dawks (I.) Script type of, 173
Day (Jno.) printer, account of, 95–101; a letter-founder, 96; his Star Chamber case v. Ward, 124. His types: Greek, 98; Hebrew, 64, 98; Italic, 51, 96, 97, 98, 144; Music, 77, 98; Roman, 47, 96, 97, 98, 144; Saxon, 73, 96
De Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ, Lond. 1572; 97
De Arte Supputandi, Lond. 1522; 92
De Divinâ Proportione, Venice, 1509; 183
De Emendatâ Structurâ, Lond. 1524; 60, 93
De Linguæ Arabicæ Utilitate, Oxon, 1639; 66
De Linguâ Etruriæ, Oxon. 1735; 239
De Siglis Arabum, Lond. 1648; 66
De Vinne (Theo.) on early type moulds, 9, 17
De Visibili Romanarchiâ, Lond. 1573; 97
De Worde. See Worde (W. de)
Demetrius of Crete, Greek types of, 57, 58
Demetrius Phalereus: Glasgow, 1743; 261
Descendiaen, a Dutch type body, 38
Deva Nagari matrices: Jackson, 319; Wilkins, 318
Diamond, an English type body, 40; a Dutch body, 40, 304; matrices in Grover’s foundry, 197, 199; founts cut in by Wilson, 264; Fry, 304; Bessemer, 358, 359
Diary of Lady Willoughby, Lond. 1844; 255
Dibdin (T. F.) on Black letter fashions, 54; on Caxton’s types, 84; Bibliographical Works of, 333
Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers, Westminster, 1477; 86
Didot (A. F.) improved Script type, 56, 120, 308, 312.
Didot (F.) on Polytype printing, 13, 220
Didot (F. A.) typographical points of, 35; Roman type of, 48
Didot (H.) Semi-Nonpareil cut by, 40; Diamond, 359; Patent type-casting machine, 121, 361
Dilworth’s Spelling Book, Lond. n.d. 306
Dives et Pauper, Lond. 1493; 91
Diurnale Gr. Arab. Fano, 1514; 65
Doctrinale, ‘getté en molle,’ 13
Domesday matrices:—Cottrell, 74, 291, 292, 294, 320; Jackson, 74, 291, 320, 321, 340; Figgins, 339, 340, 343
Domesday Book, Lond. 1783; 74, 320, 321, 340
Domesday Book Illustrated, Lond. 1788; 321
Donlevey’s Irish Catechism, Paris, 1742; 75
Double Pica, an English type body, 33, 36
Dressing, an operation in founding, 111, 115, 116
Drury (J. I.) letter cutter to Mrs. H. Caslon, 251
Ductor in Linguas, Lond. 1617; 64, 73, 171
DUMMERS, a letter founder, 345; Samaritan type cut for Caslon, 70, 241, 345
Dürer (A.) on the shape of letters, 32, 183
Dutch Founders, notices of, 113, 213–217; type of, in England, 46, 51, 61, 80, 114, 210, 233; in Scotland, 257, 238; cessation of trade with, 237, 249
Dutch ‘Bloomers,’ 80, 258
Duverger (E.) on early type moulds, 23
East (T.) Music type of, 77
East India Company, types cut for, 318, 319, 339
Elementa Linguæ Persicæ, Lond. 1649; 66
Elstob (Eliz.) Saxon works of, 74, 157; account of her, 157, 158: her Saxon Grammar, 157, 158
Elzevirs, types of: Greek, 264; Hebrew, 64; Orientals, 66, 141; Roman, 44, 263
Emerald, an English type body, 34
English, an English type body, 32, 33, 37; a name for Black Letter, 37, 53
English Two-line, an English type body, 36
English-Saxon Homily on St. Gregory’s Day, Lond. 1709; 74, 156
Engrossing matrices; Cottrell, 56, 289, 290, 291, 292, 295
Enschedés, Dutch letter founders, 215; leaden matrices in their foundry, 15; specimens of their old Italic, 52; Gothic, 53; Flamand, 54; Civilité, 56; Initials, 80
Enschedé (J.) on wooden types, 6
Erasmus at Cambridge, 141
Erpenius, Oriental matrices and types of, 65, 69, 144
Essai sur l’Education des Aveugles, Paris, 1786; 78
Essay on the Original, Use and Excellency of Printing, Lond. 1752; 242
Essay towards a Real Character, Lond. 1668; 191
Essay on Melody of Speech, Lond. 1775; 323
Estienne (H.) Greek types of, 58; flowers, 82
Estienne (P.) his compliment to Norton, 140
Estienne (R.) type of, Greek (Royal), 58, 262; Hebrew, 63; Initials, 80
Ethiopic, early founts at Rome, 69, 174; Leyden, 69; Frankfort, 69; Amsterdam, 69
——— Matrices: Oxford, 69, 151, 154, 155, 161; Polyglot, 69, 173, 174, 177, 195; Andrews, 198; ‘Anon.’, 69, 207; James, 228, 303; Caslon, 69, 240, 247, 254; Fry, 303, 309, 311
——— Punches: James, 229
Eton, Greek printing at, 60, 140
Etruscan type at Rome, 72, Parma, 72
——— Matrices: Caslon, 72, 239, 240, 247
Eusebii Præparatio, Venice, 1470; 41
Eusebius, Paris, 1544; 59
Everingham (R.) printer in Irish, 189, 190; works printed by his widow, 190
Exposicio Simboli, Oxon. ‘1468’; 137, 138
Exposition on St. John, Wesel? 1557; 45
Facsimile types, the earliest, 200, 204
Faques (W.) printer, trained at Rouen, 93, 103; types of, 93; used by De Worde, 94
Fann Street Foundry, 294, 295, 313
Farley (Abr.) Domesday type cut for, 320
Fell (Jno.) his services to Oxford Press, 146, 150; gift of matrices, &c., 148; report on Oxford printing, 149; his printing house, 150; Moxon’s compliment to, 150, 183
Fenner (W.) partner of Ged, 218, 219
FENWICK (Jos.) founder, account of, 351
——— Matrices:—Scriptorial, 351
Fergusson’s proposal for regulating type bodies, 35, 357
Fidelis Servi Responsio, Lond. 1573; 97
FIFIELD (Alex.) founder, nominated, 130, 165; account of, 166
Fifteen O’s, Westminster, 1490; 82, 85
FIGGINS (VINCENT) the First, apprentice and foreman to Jackson, 324, 335, 338; fails to succeed to that foundry, 325, 335; Nichols’ aid to, 335, 336; his first foundry, 336, 341; facsimile Romans cut by, 336, 337; employed by Oxford Press, 338; cuts type for the Record Commission, 339, 340; for Bagster, 341; various tributes to, 340, 342, 343.
——— Matrices:—Black, 340, 343; Domesday, 339, 340, 343; German Text, 340, 342, 343; Greek, 338, 343; Hebrew, 65, 341, 342, 343; Irish, 76, 342, 343; Persian, 339, 343; Roman and Italic, 48, 336, 337, 340; Saxon, 74, 343; Syriac, 68, 342, 343; Télegú, 339, 343
FIGGINS (VINCENT) the Second, son of above, enters business, 343; his anecdote of a punch-cutter, 338; his facsimile of Caxton’s type, 87, 343; body-standards in his foundry in 1841, 34
FIGGINS (JAMES) the First, son of V. Figgins I, 343
FIGGINS (JAMES) the Second, son of above, 343
Filosofia, an Italian type body, 38
Finance (Lettre de) a Script letter, 56
Fischer (G.) on wooden types, 4
Flamand, a Dutch Black-letter, 54
Flemish school of typography, 102
Flesher (Jas.) printer, 171, 178; Arabic type of, 66; Polyglot specimen of, 171
Flesher (Miles) printer, Arabic type of, 66
Flowers, early type-, 82; H. Estienne’s, 82; Day’s, 98
——— Matrices:—Oxford, 148; Grover, 199; James, 222, 303; Caslon, 222, 240; Cottrell, 290, 291, 292; Thorne, 293, 295; Fry, 303, 307
Forme, (Lettre de) Black-letter, 36, 53, 87, 88
FOUGT (H.) Founder of music type, 78, 350; Specimen, 350
——— Matrices:—Music, 350
Foulis (R. and A.) Scotch printers, 261; to Glasgow University, 261; employ Wilson, 261; their Glasgow Homer, 261, 262; beautiful impressions of, 261; the poet Gray’s tribute to, 263
Foulis (Andrew), son of above Robert, 261; his patent for stereotype, 230, 261
Founts of early printers, size of, 26, 27
Fournier, (P. S.), on wooden types, 5; typographical points of, 35; notes on English founders, 242, 290; account of founding in France, 117; his types; Coptic, 70; Etruscan, 72; Irish, 75, 191; Music, 78; Roman, 48; Russian, 72
FOX (BENJ.) partner in Fann Street Foundry, 296
Fractur, a German Black-letter, 54
France, first Gothic type in, 53; Letter Founding in, 114, 116; control of founders in, 129; typographical superiority of, 124
Francesco da Bologna, cut Aldine punches, 51
Frankfort, Letter founding at, in 1568, 105, 106
Franklin (Benj.), a journeyman in London, 218, 233, 235; experiments in casting, 15; letters to Baskerville, 280, 281; starts foundry in America, 350
Frères de la Vie Commune, Roman type of, 41, 42
Froben (J.) his supposed acquaintance with Pynson, 91; his types; Greek, 59; Hebrew, 63; Initials, 80; Roman, 43
Froschouer (Chr.) Roman type of, 43;
Froschouer (Jno.) Music type of, 76
FRY (JOSEPH) begins a foundry in Bristol, 298; imitates Baskerville’s Romans, 284, 299, 305, 310; first specimens, 299; removes to London, 299; Bibles printed by, 301, 302; his partners, 299, 300, 302; adopts Caslon models, 284, 301, 305, 310; purchases at James’ sale, 230, 302, 303; quarrel with Caslon III, 249, 304; retirement and death, 304, 305
——— Matrices: Roman, 48, 284, 299, 300, 301, 310
FRY (EDMUND) son and partner of above, 302; philological talents, 302; specimens, 305, 306, 307, 308, 313; removes foundry to Type Street, 305; his types used by Millar Ritchie, 306; his Pantographia, 306, 307; his partners, 306, 307, 308; new Romans of, 307, 310; dislike to ornamented type, 307 310; letter founder to the King, 307; cuts Orientals for Cambridge, 308; contents of foundry, 309; retires, 310; his Address to the Public, 310; sells foundry to Thorowgood, 296, 313
FRY (EDMUND) Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, 303, 304, 309, 311; Amharic, 309, 311; Arabic, 303, 309, 311; Black, 303, 310, 311; Blind, 78, 79, 308, 309; Cast Ornaments, 306; Ethiopic, 303, 309, 311; Flowers, 303, 307; German, 309, 312; Greek, 303, 309, 311; Guzerattee, 309, 311; Hebrew, 303, 304, 309, 311; Irish, 76, 303, 306, 309, 312; Malabaric, 309, 311; Music, 78, 310; Roman, 303, 305, 306, 307, 310; Russian, 72, 309, 312; Samaritan, 70, 303, 309, 311; Saxon, 74, 309, 312; Script, 308, 312; Syriac, 68, 303, 308, 310, 311, 342
FRY (HENRY) brother and partner of above, 302; becomes a printer, 306
FRY (WINDOVER) son and partner of Edmund Fry, 308
Fust and Schoeffer, music types of, 76; Initials, 79, 80
‘Fusus,’ use of word in colophons, 8
Fyner (C.), Hebrew type of, 62
Gaillarde, a French type-body, 39
Galenus de Temperamentis, Camb. 1521; 141
Gallicantus, Lond. 1498; 92
Gallie (Jno.) manager to Wilson, 266; partner with Dr. Marr, 266
Game and Play of the Chesse (facs.), Lond. 1855; 87, 343
Garamond (Cl.) mould of, 23; Roman cut by, 44; Greek, 58
Garmond, a foreign type body, 39
Ged (Wm.) inventor of Stereotype, 218, 219, 258; misfortunes and failure of, 219, 238; Biographical Memoirs of, 219
Gem, an English type body, 356
Gering, first Paris printer, Greek type of, 58; Roman, 43
German matrices: Caslon, 254; Thorne, 295; Thorowgood, 296; Fry, 309, 312
German-Text matrices: Figgins, 340, 342, 343
Geschreven Schrift, a German Script, 56
‘Getté en molle’, signification of, 13, 14
Glasgow University; fine printing at, 261
Glosa, a class of type, 32
Glosilla, a Spanish type body, 32, 39
Goes (H.) York printer, used De Worde’s types, 89
Golden Legend, Westminster, n. d.; 88
Goldsmith and Parnell, Lond. 1795; 331
GORING (THOS.) letter-founder, 193; nominated 133, 193; notice of, 166
Gothic letter, origin of, 53; Petrarch’s aversion to, 53; Prevost’s eulogy of, 53
Gothic language; types of at Amsterdam, 73
——— Matrices: Oxford, 73, 150, 151, 155, 161; ‘Anon.’, 207; James, 73, 225, 228; Caslon, 73, 239, 240, 248, 254
Gough (Jno.) his anecdotes of Jackson, 321, 323; of Ilive, 348
Gourmont (G. de) Greek type of, 58; Hebrew, 62, 63
Graff (Baltus de), partner of Cottrell, 288
Grafton (Rd.) Bible printed by, 124; Music type of, 77; Dibdin’s tribute to, 101
Grammar of the Bengal Language, Hoogly, 1778; 318
Grammar of the Sanskrita Language, Lond. 1808; 319
Granjon (N.) French, letter-cutter, Greek types of, 59; Music, 77; “Civilité”, 56
Gray’s Poems, Glasgow, 1768; 263: Parma, 1793; 251
Great Charter, Oxford, 1759: 159
Great Primer, an English type body, 33, 37, 86
Greek: earliest, Schoeffer’s, 57; early founts, Italy, 57, 58; France, 58, 59, 60, 61; Netherlands, 59, 61; Spain, 59; Germany, 60; Switzerland, 59; Lascaris “litteræ majusculæ,” 57; French “Characteres Regii,” 59, 60, 61, 141, 262
——— In England: De Worde’s, 60, 91; Siberch’s, 60, 141; Pynson’s, 60, 93; Day’s, 98; Wolfe’s, 60, 95; Mierdman’s, 60; Oxford, 60, 140, 141; Eton, 60, 140, 145; Royal founts, 60, 142, 144, 167, 201, 202; borrowed by Cambridge from Oxford, 60, 141; Dutch founts in England, 61; Cambridge offers for Paris Greek, 61, 141; large number of ligatures, 61; minute sizes, 61, 62, 254; fashions in, 61, 274; Porson’s improvement in, 62, 342
——— Matrices: Oxford, 61, 148, 160, 161, 273, 274; Polyglot, 173, 174; Andrews, 61, 195, 197; Grover, 61, 198, 200; Head, 206; Mitchell, 206, 241; “Anon.”, 207: James, 195, 197, 213, 214, 217, 221, 223, 228, 303; Caslon, 240, 241, 247, 254; Wilson, 61, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265; Baskerville, 61, 160, 273, 274; Thorowgood, 296; Fry, 303, 307, 309, 311; Jackson, 61, 311, 317, 321, 322; Caslon III, 326; Martin, 61, 332; Figgins, 338, 343; Ilive, 347
——— Punches: James, 229
Greek, Alexandrian; see Alexandrian Greek
Grierson (G.) Irish printer, his patent, 260; establishes letter-founding, 261
Grierson (Boulter), son of above, his petition, 260
GRISMAND (JOHN) Star Chamber founder, 130, 165; notices of, 165, 166
Gromors, Arabic types of, 65
Gros Bâtarde, a French Secretary type, 55; Colard Mansion’s, 55, 86, 87
Gros Romain, a French type body, 37
GROVER (JAS.) letter-founder, 166, 197
GROVER (THOS.) son of above, letter-founder, 157, 166, 197–205; Royal founts in his foundry, 197, 203; Caslon offers for foundry, 205, 237; disposal of it, 205
——— Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, 198–205; Arabic, 198; Blacks, 197, 109, 225; Cursives, 199; Greek, 198; Hebrew, 198; Music, 77, 199; Roman and Italic, 197, 198, 199; Samaritan, 70, 198; Saxon, 199; Scriptorials, 199; Signs, 199; Syriac, 198, 241
Gutenberg’s types, migrations of, 28
Guzerattee matrices: Fry, 309, 311
Hahn (Ul.) Roman type of, 41; his Cicero, 38; his St. Augustine, 37
Halhed (N. B.) his Bengal Grammar, 318; his account of C. Wilkins, 318
Hanbey (Mr.) son-in-law of Caslon I, 246
Hancock (C.) buys Hughes’ Music matrices, 363
Handy (J.) a punch-cutter employed by Baskerville, 269, 353
Hansard (T. C.) on type fashions, 48; notices of founders from his Typographia, 251, 253, 254, 258, 264, 296, 309, 310, 312, 326, 328, 332, 336, 342, 343, 352, 355, 361, 364
Hare (Bp.) transactions with Caslon, 238
Harris (Messrs.) use Baskerville’s types, 286
Hautin, Music type of, 77
Haüy, Blind type of, 78
Hawkins (Sir J.) his anecdote of Caslon, 245
Hazard, Bath printer, notice of, 307
HEAD (GODFREY) letter founder, 133, 166, 205
——— Matrices: Black, 206; Greek, 206
HEAPHY, letter founder, 364
Hebrew type, first use of, 62; early founts in Italy, 62; France, 62, 63; Spain, 63; Germany, 63; Netherlands, 63, 64, 65
——— in England: De Worde’s, 64, 91; Day’s, 64, 98; at Oxford, 64; London, 64
——— Matrices: Oxford, 64, 147, 148, 154, 160, 161; Polyglot, 64, 171, 173, 174, 177, 194; Andrews, 195; Grover, 198; James, 64, 65, 223, 227, 303; Caslon, 65, 236, 238, 240, 246, 247, 254; Wilson, 264, 265; Fry, 303, 304, 309, 311; Jackson, 317; Caslon III, 326; Figgins, 65, 341, 342, 343; Thorowgood, 296; Jalleson, 346
Hebrew Dictionary, Louvain, 1520? 63
Hebrew Grammar, Paris, 1508; 63; Leipsic, 1520, 63; Paris, 1520; 63: Louvain, 1528; 63
Height-to-paper of sand-cast types, 10; of old Lyons types, 21; of old Cologne types, 25; varieties of at Oxford, 155
Heilman, Gros Bâtarde type of, 55
Henfrey (J.) type-casting machine of, 121
Herbert (W.) his account of Caxton’s types, 84; on early use of Roman and Italic, 91, 97
Herodotus, Oxford, 1590; 60, 140
Hibernian type, see Irish
Hickes’ Thesaurus, Oxon. 1703–5; 72, 73, 74, 150, 156
——— Saxon Grammar, Oxon. 1711; 74
History of England (Hume’s) Lond. 1806; 323, 336
Hogarth and Baskerville’s types, 47
Homeri Opera, Florence, 1488; 58: Glasgow, 1756–58; 62, 261, 262: Parma, 1808; 251: Lond. 1831; 62, 254
——— Batrachomyomachia, Venice, 1486; 58: Paris, 1507; 58
Hooght (Van der) Hebrew types of, 64
Horæ (Greek), Louvain, 1516; 59
Horatii Opera, Sedan, 1627; 46: Glasgow, 1744; 261: Birmingham, 1762; 277
Horman (W.) his indenture with Pynson, 92
Hostingue, a Rouen printer, 103
HUGHES (HUGH) partner with Thorne, 294, 363; starts a foundry, 363; specimen, 363; his music type, 363
——— Matrices: music, 78, 363
Hunte (Thos.) early Oxford printer, 137, 138
Hutter, curious Hebrew type of, 63, 247; his Polyglot Bible, 170
Iberno-Celtic Society’s Transactions, Dublin, 1820; 190
Iceland, early printing in, 73
Icelandic matrices at Oxford, 73, 151, 155
ILIVE (JACOB) letter founder, 346–9; his eccentricities, 347, 348; forged Book of Jasher, 348; heads schism in Stationers’ Company, 348; his foundry bought by James, 221, 347
——— Matrices: Greek, 221, 347; Roman, 347
IMISSON, letter founder, 352
Imprimerie Royale, Paris, establishment of, 58; Greek type of, 58, 59, 60, 61; Roman, 44, 48
Initials of Mentz Psalter, 79; early cutters of, 79, 80; Caxton’s, 79; Day’s, 98; ‘Two-line letters,’ 80; Pictorial, 80; Dutch, 80; Bible, 80; Armorial, 80; pierced, 81; Oxford copperplate, 80, 159; fashions in, 81; Baskett’s ‘Silver initials,’ 107, 211
Introductio ad Lectionem Ling. Oriental. London, 1655; 172
Ireland, letter foundry in, 260, 265; printing patent for, 260; Scotch and English type supplied to, 260, 265. Vernacular printing in, 75, 76, 186, 187, 188
Irish type in Dublin, 75, 186, 187; Antwerp, 75; Louvain, 75, 188, 191; Rome, 75, 191; Paris, 75, 76, 191; revival of Irish printing, 76, 191
——— Matrices: Moxon, 75, 76, 155, 186, 189, 190, 194, 306; Andrews, 194, 196; James, 229, 303; Fry, 229, 303, 306, 309, 312; Figgins, 342, 343
——— Punches: James, 229
Iron, an ingredient in type metal, 21, 112
Irregular type bodies, origin of, 33
Isla (Lord) patron of Wilson, 258
Italic, first cut by Aldus, 50; early foreign founts, 51; Van Dijk’s, 52; various uses for, 52
——— In England, fashions in, 52; De Worde’s, 52, 91; Day, 52, 96, 97, 98, 144, 176; Vautrollier, 51, 98; James, 214, 217; Caslon, 52; Baskerville, 275
——— See also s.v. Roman and Italic
Italy, first Roman type in, 40; first Gothic type in, 53
JACKSON (JOS.) apprentice to Caslon I, 243, 288, 315; first punch cut by, 315; dismissed, 243, 288, 316; partner with Cottrell, 288, 291, 316; goes to sea, 289, 316; starts a foundry, 291, 316; first specimens, 316, 317; Bowyer’s aid to 317, 323; removes to Salisbury Square, 317; makes a hollow square, 317; his foundry, 317; employed by Nichols, 320, 321; Bensley, 323; Oxford Press, 338; fire of foundry, 324; elegy on, 324; death and tributes to, 324, 325; portraits of, 288, 316, 325
——— Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, 321; Bengalee, 317; Black, 317; Codex-Bezæ Greek, 322; Deva Nagari, 319; Domesday, 74, 320, 321, 340; Greek, 61, 311, 317, 323; Hebrew, 317; Music symbols, 323; Persian, 317; ‘Proscription’ letter, 317; Roman, 48, 317, 323; Script, 56, 317
JALLESON, letter founder, 346; his system of type bodies, 346; Hebrew type, 346
JAMES (THOS.) letter founder, 157, 212–220; his family, 212; apprentice to R. Andrews, 196, 212; his letters from Holland, 113, 213–17; his foundry, 217; buys Greek of Grover, 195, 197; rivalry with Caslon, 218, 220; transactions with Ged, 218, 219; second visit to Holland, 219; decline of his business, 220; buys Andrews’ foundry, 197, 211, 220; death, 220; advertisement by his widow, 220
JAMES (THOS.) Matrices: Black, 214, 217; Greek, 213, 214, 217: Roman and Italic, 46, 213, 214, 217
JAMES (JNO.) son and successor of above, 220; buys half Mitchell’s foundry, 206, 221; Ilive’s, 221, 347; Grover’s, 205, 221; his projected specimen, 222, 224; dies, 222; last of the Old English Founders, 221, 230
——— Matrices and Punches: Anglo-Norman, 228; Arabic, 67, 228, 229, 303; Black, 91, 228. 303; Court Hand, 228, 303; Ethiopic, 228, 229, 303; Flowers, 229, 303; Gothic, 73, 228; Greek, 220, 228, 229, 303; Hebrew, 65, 220, 227, 303; Irish, 229, 303; Runic, 72, 228; Samaritan, 70, 227, 229, 303; Saxon, 220, 228; 229; Scriptorial, 228, 303; Secretary, 228; Syriac, 228, 229, 241
James (Dr. T.) first Bodleian Librarian, 212
James (Elianor) aunt of Thos. James the founder, 212
James (George) son of above, City Printer, 212
James (Jno.) architect, brother of Thos. James the founder, 212; partner with Ged, 218
James’ Foundry acquired by Mores, 222; arranged for sale, 223; catalogue and specimen, 226–30, 303; matrices lost,223, 227, 228; punches lost, 229; obsolete founts, 224, 225; leaden matrices, 16, 228; moulds, &c., 229, 230; sale of, 230, 302
Jannon, Sedan printer, Roman type of, 46, Greek, 61
Jansson, Hebrew type of, 64, 65
Jasher, Book of, Lond. 1751; 348
Jason, Westminster (1477), 86
Jenson, Greek type of, 58; Roman, 41
Jerome’s suggestion of mobile types, 3
Joly, a Dutch type body, 40
Journeyman founders, regulation of, 131, 133
Jungfer, a German type body, 39
Junius (Fr.) his gift to Oxford, 150, 151; Dr. Nicholson’s note on, 151; portrait of, 151
Junius (Pat.) see Young (Pat.)
Jurisson, see Imisson
Justifying of matrices, 10, 111, 186; a secret operation, 117
Justinian, Mentz, 1468; 49
Kehl, typographical establishment at, 285, 286; Voltaire’s Works, printed at, 285, 286; Works by Alfieri at, 286
Kerning, a process in founding, 22, 111
‘King’s House,’ Roman types, 197, 199, 203
Kipling (T.) his facsimile of Codex Bezæ, 322
Kirkpatrick (W.) Sanscrit type cut for, 319
KNOWLES (G.) a partner of Ed. Fry, 307
Koran, Venice, 1518; 65
Laborde (Leon) on wooden types, 5
Lackington (Jas.) bookseller, 325
Lactantius, Subiaco, 1465; 40, 57
La Lèpre morale, Cologne, 1476; 24
Lambinet (P.) on early polytype printing, 12
Lascaris Anthologia (in Greek Capitals), Florence, 1494; 57: Greek Grammar, Milan, 1476; 57
Last Judgment, Irish poem on, Dublin, 1571; 187
Laud (Archbp.) his services to Oxford press, 142–5, 166; letter to, from King Charles I, 143
Le Bé (G.) cuts punches for Plantin, 107; his Arabic, 64; Hebrew, 59; Music, 77
LEE (JOS.) letter founder, 166, 193
Lee (Dr. S.) Orientals cut for by Dr. Fry, 308
L’Estrange (R.) Surveyor of Imprimery, 132
Le Tailleur, Rouen printer for Pynson, 92
Letter-cutting by eye, not by rule, 184
Letter Founders, one named in 1597, 128, 164; regulations of, in 1622, 129, 164; in 1637, 130; in 1662, 132; in 1674, 133; in 1693, 134; called to account, 133, 134, 193, 205; petition and ‘Cause of Complaint’ of one, in 1637, 167; To His Majesty, 178, 249, 296, 307, 329, 356; limited number of, 118, 134; Association of, 118, 250, 352, 353, 358
Letter Founding of the first printers, 9, 12, 14, 18; early secrecy of, 28; spread of, 28
——— In France: State control of, 129; Thiboust’s account of, 114; views of in Encyclopædia, 116; Fournier’s account of, 117
——— In Germany: at Frankfort, in 1568, 105
——— In Netherlands: Plantin’s Foundry, 106; James’ account of Dutch founders, 113, 213–7
——— In England: came after printing, 84; earliest record of, 93; early practice of, 103; curious cut in the Bagford MSS., 105; divorce from printing, 164; practised by Day, 96; early unlicensed, 128; the London Polyglot a land-mark of, 175; Moxon’s account of, 1683, 107–13, 183–6; at Oxford, in 1695, 113; custom of lending casters and matrices, 113, 216; division of trades in, 114, 184; trade jealousies in, 114, 118; Universal Magazine, 1750, account in, 108, 116; secret operations in, 117, 288, 315, 338; rules of Thorne’s Foundry, 1806, 117, 294; conservatism of, 118; competition in, 118; State-control of, 123–136; liberty of, 134; final emancipation of, 135
Lettres Tourneures, initials, 79
Lettres de Forme, 36, 53, 87, 88
Lettres de Somme, 53, 54
Lettou and Machlinia, types of, 89
Leusden, simplified Greek types of, 61
Lever-mould, introduced, 120
Lexicon Heptaglotton, Lond. 1669; 176
Liber de laudibus Mariæ, Cologne? 1478? 24
Life of Jewell, Lond. 1573; 64, 98
Ligatures in old founts, 10, 27, 41, 50, 224
Liguarum XII AIphabeta, Paris, 1538; 67
Linde (A. Van der) on the essence of typography, 2; on ‘getté en molle,’ 13
Literæ Florentes, initials, 79
Littleton Tenures (Pynson’s), Lond. 1527; 93; (Redman’s), Lond. n. d., 94
LIVERMORE (MARTIN) partner to Henry Caslon II, 254; retires from Chiswell Street, 255
Logique d’Okam, 1488, contractions in, 51
London Printer’s Lamentation, 1660: 127, 130, 165
Long Primer, an English type-body, 32, 33, 38
Long ſ, disappearance of, 52
Louvain, Irish type at, 75, 188, 191
Lübeck, leaden matrices at, 16
Lucas (M.) printer of the ‘Wicked’ Bible, 142, 143
Luce (L.) Roman type of, 40, 48
Lucerna Fidelium, Rome, 1676; 75
Luckombe (P.) his History of Printing, Lond. 1770; 246, 291, 301
Ludolf, Ethiopic type used by, 69
Ludolph’s Grammatica Russica, Oxon. 1696; 71
LYNCH, letter founder, 358
Lyndewode Constitutiones, Oxon. n.d.; 139
Lyons, early printing at, 20; fifteenth century types at, 20; nicks used at, 120
Lyons (Israel) Hebrew type cut for, 247
McCuirtin’s Irish Dictionary, Paris, 1732; 75
McCreery (J.) prints with Martin’s types, 333, his poem on The Press, 277, 333
Machine for type casting, first, 122, 265
Machlinia and Lettou, types of, 89
McPHAIL, letter founder, 351
Madden (J. P. A.) on 15th Century type, 24; on the Wiedenbach typographers, 41
Malabaric matrices:—Fry, 309, 311
Mansion (Colard) Caxton’s master, 84, 85, 86, 87, Gros Bâtarde type of, 55, 86, 87
Marcel (J. J.) his Oratio Dominica, 72, 76; his Alphabet Irlandais, 76, 191; Russian type of, 72; Irish, 76
Marprelate Tracts, types of, 127
MARR (DR. J.) acquires part of Glasgow Foundry, 266
Martens (Th.) Greek type of, 59; Hebrew, 63
Martin (Robert) agent and manager for Baskerville, 281, 330; works printed by, 281
MARTIN (WM.) brother to above, 330; cuts punches in London, 330; starts foundry, 330; employed by Shakespeare Press, 331–3; tributes to, 331, 332, 333; supplies McCreery, 333; foundry sold to Caslon, 254, 334; Orientals of, 332
——— Matrices:—Greek, 332; Roman and Italic, 332, 333
Mascall (W.) proposal to register founders, 134
Mathematical signs in type, 98, 148, 191, 196, 199, 217, 342
Matrices, early forms of, 14; of lead, 14, 15, 16, 228; of clay, 15; of wood, 16, 121; justification of, 16; struck inverted, 204; without sides, 208; of steel, 312; ‘Sanspareil,’ 327
MATTHEWSON, letter founder in Edinburgh, 358
Maynyal, Paris printer for Caxton, 91
Mediaan, a Dutch type body, 38
Meerman on sculpto-fusi types, 7
Mentelin, Roman type of, 42
Mentz, Sack of, 28; school of typography of, 9
Meres (Jno.) son-in-law of T. Grover, 205
Metals used in type alloy, 19, 106, 112, 121; softness of, in early types, 26; Moxon’s directions for mixing, 112
Meurs (Dr. Van) on ‘getté en molle,’ 13
Mierdman, Greek types of, 60
Miller (Peter) American printer, anecdote of, 17
MILLER (WM.) manager for Wilson, 264, 355; starts foundry, 355; his early founts, 355; employed by the Times, 356; specimens, 355, 356; partner and successors of, 356
——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, 355, 356
MILNE & Co., founders, 266
Milton (Jno.) Areopagitica, 130; Works, Birmingham, 1758; 275; Lond. 1794–7; 331; Paradise Lost, Lond. 1796; 337, 338
Minion, an English type body, 33, 39, 210; a foreign body, 39
Minsheu’s Ductor in Linguas, Lond. 1617; 64, 73, 171
Missal, a German type body, 36
Missal, printed at Lyons, 1485; 76
MITCHELL (ROBT.) founder, 206; partition of his foundry, 206, 221, 241
——— Matrices; Black, 206, 241; Greek, 206, 241; Music, 78, 206, 241; Roman and Italic, 206; Signs, 206
Mitchelson, first American founder, 350
Mittel, a German type body, 37
Model types for clay or sand moulds, 11; as punches for lead or clay matrices, 15, 16
Moderne, Italian name for Black letter, 43
Molloy’s Lucerna Fidelium, Rome, 1676; 75: Irish Grammar, Rome, 1677; 75
Monasticon, Lond. 1655; 74
MOORE (ISAAC) manager and partner of Fry and Pine, 299; specimens of, 299; inventions of, 300; retires, 302
Moreau, Script type of, 56
Mores (Ed. Rowe) account of, 222; possessor of James’ foundry, 222, 223; his Dissertation, 222, 223; account of early printers by, 84, 90, 92, 94; of Miss Elstob, 157; his correspondence as to her Saxon matrices, 158, 159; his account of James’ foundry, 223; strictures on Oxford specimen, 160; allusion to Coster, 225; prejudice against Caslon II; 244, 247; against Baskerville, 274, 280; notice of Fry’s specimen, 300; as a compositor, 347
Morton (Dr.) Domesday type cut for, 291, 320
Moses Choronensis, Lond. 1736; 69, 239
Motteroz (M.) ideal Roman letter of, 48
Mould, see Type-mould
MOXON (JOS.) letter founder, 180–192; specimen, 181; a printer, 182; his offices, 181, 182; his Regulæ Trium Ordinum, 182; his Mechanick Exercises, 107–112, 183–186; his standards of type bodies, 33, 34; employed by Boyle, 189
——— Matrices: Irish, 75, 76, 186–191; Roman and Italic, 47, 181
Musæus, Hero and Leander, Lond. 1797; 332
Music; De Worde’s, 76,91; early printing abroad, 76, 77; improvements in, 78; Grafton’s, 77; Day’s, 77, 98; Vautrollier’s, 77; East’s, 77; ‘new-tyed note’, 77; at Aberdeen, 77
——— Matrices: Oxford, 77, 148, 161; Walpergen, 77, 148, 153, 208; Andrews, 77, 196; Grover, 77, 199; Mitchell, 78, 206, 241; Caslon, 77, 241, 248; Fry, 78, 310, 312; Fougt, 78, 350; Branston’s (stereo), 360; Hughes, 78, 363; Jackson’s symbols, 323
Myllar (A.) Scotch printer, types of, 103
Negus (S.) list of printers by, 346
Neilson’s Irish Grammar, Dublin, 1808; 76, 191
New Testament (Greek), Basle, 1516; 59: Sedan, 1628; 61: Cambridge, 1632; 60, 141: Oxford, 1763; 61, 160, 273, 274: Lond. 1786 (Codex Alex.); 321
——— (Latin), Lond. 1574; 46, 51
——— (Arabic), Lond. 1727; 67, 235
——— (Coptic), Oxon. 1716; 70, 237
——— (Ethiopic), Rome, 1548; 69: Lond. 1826 (Gospels); 69
——— (Irish), Dublin, 1602; 75, 187; Lond. 1681; 75, 189
——— (Russian), St. Petersburg, 1819–23; 72
——— (Saxon), Lond. 1571 (Gospels), 95
——— (Sclavonic), Ugrovallachia, 1512 (Gospels), 71: Moscow, 1564 (Acts and Epistles), 71
——— (Syriac), Paris, 1539; 67: Vienna, 1555; 67: Cothon, 1621; 67: Hamburg, 1663; 67: Lond. 1816; 68, 342
——— (Tamulic), Tranquebar, 1714–19; 234
NICHOLLS (ARTHUR) letter founder, nominated, 130, 165; petition to Archbishop Laud, 166, 167; ‘Cause of Complaint,’ 167
NICHOLLS (NICHOLAS) son of above, letter founder, 166, 177; his father’s account of, 168; his petition to the king, 178; his specimen, 178, 181; letter founder to the king, 178
NICHOLS, an Oxford letter founder, 148, 178
Nichols (Jno.) his Anecdotes of Bowyer, 233; Domesday, facsimile of, 320, 321; assists Figgins, 335, 336
Nicholson (W.) patent for type casting, 119, 327
Nicks, origin of, 120; early substitutes for, 22
Nicol (Geo.) founder of the Shakespeare Press, 330; employs W. Martin, 330
Nicol (W.) son of above, succeeds to the Shakespeare Press, 330
Nomenclator Syriacus, Rome, 1622; 67
Nonpareil, an English type body, 32, 33, 39, 129; a foreign body, 39
Norfolk (Duke of) employs Jackson, 317
Norton (J.) printer of the Eton Chrysostom, 60, 140; distinctions conferred on, 140
Nutt (Richd.) successor to Grover’s foundry, 203
O’Brien’s Irish Dictionary, Paris, 1768; 75
Ogilby (Jno.) Roman letter of, 47
O’Hussey’s Irish Catechism, Antwerp, 1611; 75: Rome; 1707, 75
O’Kearney’s Irish Catechism, Dublin; 1571; 75, 187
Oporinus, Greek type of, 59
Opusculum Musices, Bologna, 1487; 76
Oratio Dominica, Lond. 1700; 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 154, 177, 190: Lond. 1713; 69, 155, 177, 190: Amsterdam, 1715; 69, 71, 73, 74, 154, 236: Paris, 1805; 72, 76: Parma; 1806, 72
Oratio in pace nuperrimâ, Lond. 1518; 44, 92
Oratio trium linguarum, Lond. 1524; 51, 64, 66, 91
Oriental Collections, Lond. 1797–1800; 339
Ornamental type, introduced, 307, 310
Ornaments, see Type ornaments
Orthographia Practica, Saragossa, 1548; 32, 183
Orwin, Arabic type of, 64
Ottley (W. Y.) on early clay moulds, 11
Ouseley (Sir W.) Persian type cut for, 339
Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Lond. 1819; 312
Oxford University Press, first printing at 137–9; types of the early press, 55, 137, 138; Scolar’s press, 139; revival of printing, 140; early Greek founts, 60, 61, 140, 141, 145; lends Greek type to Cambridge, 141; Laud’s services to, 142–5, 166; charter in 1632, 142; early Oriental types, 64, 66, 144: Archi-typographus appointed, 146; Fell’s services to, 146–150; loyalty of, 146; large purchases in 1672, 149; Junius’ gift to, 150, 151; fine printing at, 159
——— Foundry established, 153; state of, in 1665, 113; matrices lost at, 151; removed to Sheldonian Theatre, 153; first specimen, 153; types used in the Oratio Dominica, 1700, 154; heights to paper in, 155; removed to Clarendon Building, 156; gift of Elstob Saxon to, 158, 159; Greek cut for, by Baskerville, 160, 273, 274; specimens, 160, 162; types cut for, by Caslon, 160, 161, 246; by Figgins, 338; inventory of, in 1794, 161, 162; relics at, 150, 159, 160, 162, 274
——— Matrices: Amharic, 177; Arabic, 66, 147, 148, 155, 161; Armenian, 69, 148, 153, 161; Coptic, 70, 147, 148, 149, 153, 155, 161; Danish, 73, 151; Ethiopic, 69, 151, 154, 155, 161, 177; Gothic, 73, 151, 155, 161; Greek, 148, 160, 161, 273, 274, 338; Hebrew, 64, 147, 148, 154, 161; Icelandic, 73, 151, 155; Initials, 80; Music, 77, 148, 153, 154, 161, 209; Roman and Italic, 150, 152, 179; Runic, 72, 151, 155, 161; Russian, 71; Samaritan, 70, 148, 154, 161; Saxon, 74, 151, 161; Sclavonic, 71, 148, 153, 155, 161; Swedish, 73, 151; Syriac, 68, 147, 148, 155, 161
Pacioli (L.) on the shape of letters, 183
Palmer (S.) his note on De Worde, 90; his printing-house, 217; History of Printing, 90, 235, 236; projected account of letter-founding, 114; discreditable conduct to Caslon, 235, 238
Pantographia, Lond. 1799; 72, 76, 306, 307, 308
Paradigmata de IV Linguis, Paris, 1596; 67
Paragon, an English Type body, 33, 36, 86, 343; a foreign body, 36
Parker (Archp. M.) patron of Day, 95; Saxon cut for, 95; Roman and Italic for, 96, 97, 98
Patents relating to letter-founding, 119–122
Pater (Paulus) on wooden types, 4
Paterson, the auctioneer, notice of, 230, 311
Pauli de Middleburgo Epistola, Louvain, 1488; 63
Pearl an English type body, 33, 40
Peek (Jno.) type-casting machine of, 120
Pentateuch (Polyglot) Constantinople, 1546; 170
——— (Coptic) Lond. 1731; 70, 237
——— (Irish) Lond. 1819 (Gen. and Exod.), 312
Perforated wooden types, 4, 5; sand-cast types, 10; mould-cast types, 22, 25
Perle, a French type body, 40
Persian Matrices: Caslon, 254; Jackson, 317; Figgins, 339, 343
Persian Moonshee, Lond. 1801; 339
Petit, a French and German type body, 39
Petit Romain, a French type body, 38
Petrucci, music type of, 77
Phalaridis Epistolæ, Oxon. 1485; 137, 138
Philosophie, a French type body, 32, 38
Pica, an English type body, 32, 33, 38
Picas or Pies, of the early Church, 38, 87
Pickering (W.) minute Greek used by, 62, 254; book printed for, in Baskerville’s types, 286
PINE (WM.) Bristol printer and founder; partner with Fry, 298; his inventions, 300; Bible printed by, 301; retires from founding, 302
Plantin (Chr.) his foundry, 106; supposed silver type of, 106; Types: Greek, 59; Hebrew, 64; Italic, 51; Lettre de Civilité, 56; Roman, 43; Syriac, 67
Plinii Secundi Epistolæ, Lond. 1790; 306
Ploos van Amstel, Dutch founders, 215
Polychronicon, Westminster, 1495; 76, 91
Polyglot Bibles, account of, 169
——— the London, see Bible (Polyglot) Lond. 1657
POLYGLOT FOUNDRY Matrices: Arabic, 66, 173, 177; Black, 173, 177; Ethiopic, 69, 173, 174, 177; Greek, 173, 174; Hebrew, 64, 173, 177; Roman and Italic, 173, 176; Samaritan, 70, 173, 174, 177; Syriac, 68, 173, 174, 177, 241
Polytype, supposed early system of, 12; later attempts at, 122, 220
Porson’s improvement in Greek letter, 62, 342
Postel’s Arabic Grammar, Paris 1539–40, 65; Syriac type used by, 67
POUCHEE (L. J.) Letter Founder, starts a foundry, 361; agent for Didot’s ‘polymatype,’ 121, 361; specimen, 362; abandons business, 362; dispersion of his foundry, 362
Practical Sermons (Irish) Lond. 1711; 190
Press, The, a Poem; Liverpool, 1803; 277, 333
Primer, an English type body, 32, 34; derivation of, 37
Primers of the Early Church, 37, 38
Printing, invention of, 1; degeneration of, in England, 44, 136, 232, 269; comprehensiveness of the early trade of, 123; statutes relating to, 124–136; rise of fine printing, 269, 272
Printers, their own founders, 88, 102, 103, 123, 125; number of, in London, 126, 130, 132, 133, 134
Prodromus Coptus, Rome, 1636; 67, 69, 236
Propaganda Press, specimens, 66, 67, 69, 70; Types of:—Arabic, 66; Coptic, 69; Ethiopic, 69; Irish, 75, 191; Samaritan, 70; Sclavonic, 71; Syriac, 67
‘Proscription’ letter, Matrices:—Caslon, 248; Cottrell, 291, 292, 317; Thorne, 292, 293; Jackson, 317
Prosodia Rationalis, Lond. 1779; 323
Psalmanazar (G.) anecdotes of Palmer by, 114, 238
Psalms (Polyglot) Paris, 1513; 82: Genoa, 1516; 63, 65, 170: Cologne, 1518; 69, 170
——— (Hebrew) Tübingen, 1512, (Septem pœnit.), 63
——— (Heb. Lat.) Lond. 1736; 238, 239
——— (Greek) Milan, 1481; 58: Venice, 1486, 58: Lond. 1812 (Cod. Alex.) 322
——— (Latin) Mentz, 1457; 11, 13, 53: Mentz, 1490; 76
Psalms (Arabic) Rome, 1614; 66: Lond. 1725; 67, 235
——— (Armenian) Rome, 1565; 68
——— (Ethiopic) Rome, 1513; 69: Frankfort, 1701; 69
——— (Saxon) Lond. 1640; 73
——— (Sclavonic) Cracow, 1491; 71
——— (Syriac-Lat.) Paris, 1625; 67
Pump for type-casting machine, 119
Punches, probable earliest, 14; of copper, 15, 16; of wood, 14, 15, 16; small value put on, 113, 209, 225, 229; defects of French, 116; Barclay’s patent, 119
Punch-cutting, account of, 108, 185; a distinct trade in Holland, 114; independent artists in England, 117, 338, 358, 360; secrecy of 117, 243, 288, 315, 338
Pynson (R.) servant to Caxton, 91; correspondence with Rouen printers, 91, 92, 103; types of, 91, 92, 93; his Roman, the first in England, 37, 44, 92; his indenture with Horman, 37, 92; Greek types cast by, 93; apology for, 93
Quatremère, Coptic type used by, 70
Quintilian’s suggestion of mobile types, 3
‘Quousque tandem,’ formula for type specimens, 49, 52
Rabbinical Hebrew, Matrices:—Andrews, 194, 195; James, 65, 227, 303; Fry, 303
Raphelengius, Arabic type of, 66, 145
Ratdolt, initials of, 79
Rasselas, Banbury, 1804; 119
Rastell (W.) types of, 94
Rastell’s Grete Abridgement, Lond. 1534; 94
Readings on Jonah, Lond. 1579; 64, 98
Record Commission, types cut for, 339, 340
——— Reports, Lond. 1800–19; 339: Edinburgh, 1811–16; 340
‘Real Character,’ Moxon’s, cut for Wilkins, 191, 196, 310
Recuyell of the Histories of Troye, Bruges, 1474; 86
Redman (R.) Pynson’s quarrel with, 93; types of, 94
REED (CHARLES) partner in the Fann Street Foundry, 296
Registration of founders, 133, 135
Regulæ Trium Ordinum, Lond. 1676; 182, 185
Reliques of Irish Poetry, Dublin, 1789; 191
RICHARD (MR.) partner of Mr. Miller, 356
RICHARD (J. M.) son of above, 356; ‘Brilliant’ type of, 356; ‘Gem’ type of 356
RICHARD (W. M.) brother of above, 356
RICHARDS (T.) a letter founder, 351
Richardson (Rev. J.) Irish works of, 190
Richardson (W.) Engrossing type cut for, 289, 290
Ripoli Press, metals used in the foundry of, 19; matrices bought by, 28
Ritchie (Millar), fine printer, 306
Robijn, a Dutch type body, 40, 52
Roccha (Ang.) on early perforated types, 4; his Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, 65, 67, 68
Rolij (or Rolu), Dutch letter cutter, 114, 215, 216
Roman letter, origin of, 40; early founts in Italy, 40, 41; Germany, 42; France, 43, 44; Netherlands, 43, 44, 47; Switzerland, 44
Roman letter, in England: introduction of, 44, 91; Pynson’s, 44; 92; De Worde’s, 91; Redman’s, 94; Day’s, 47, 96, 97, 98, 144; Vautrollier’s, 46, 98; degeneration of, 44, 232; called ‘White letter,’ 91; mixed with Black, 45, 97; followed Dutch models, 46; first Bible in, 46; in Scotland, 46; Roycroft’s, 47, 173, 176; Ogilby’s, 47; Field’s, 47; Moxon’s rules for, 47, 182, 184, 185; Caslon’s influence on, 47, 249, 284, 301, 303, 305; narrow faces, 46; Baskerville’s influence on, 47, 284, 299, 305, 332, 333; French influence on, 48; Bodoni’s influence on, 48, 331; revolutions in, 48, 251, 253, 301, 328, 332, 340; French obligations to, 48; heavy faced, 48; revival of the Old Face, 49; Rusher’s improved, 119; Motteroz ideal, 48
——— and Italic matrices: Oxford, 148, 152; Polyglot, 173, 176; Moxon, 181; Andrews, 195; Grover, 198, 199; Mitchell, 206; ‘Anon,’ 207; James, 213, 214, 217, 223; Caslon, 47, 159, 235, 240, 247, 251, 252, 253; Wilson, 48, 260, 263, 264, 265; Baskerville, 47, 48, 263, 270, 271, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 284; Cottrell, 48, 289, 290, 291, 292; Fry, 48, 299, 300, 301, 303, 305, 306, 310; Jackson, 48, 317, 323; Figgins, 48, 336, 337, 340; Thorne, 291, 293, 295; Thorowgood, 295; Martin, 332, 333; Ilive, 347; Stephenson (S. and C.), 353; Miller, 355, 356
Rood (Theo.) Oxford printer, 137, 138
Rosart, music type of, 78
Rouen, an early type market, 91, 93, 103
Rowe (Sir T.) family of, 200
Rowe (Eliz.) married H. Caslon, 200, 250
Roxburghe Club, works printed for, 312, 334
Royal Typography in England, proposal for a, 263
Roycroft (Thos.) printer of the London Polyglot, 171, 172; distinction conferred on, 176; printing house of, 217; fire of his office, 177; epitaph, 176; types used by, 47, 64, 66, 173–177
Rubbing, a process in founding, 111, 116, 117
Ruby, an English type body, 34
Runic, early foreign founts of, 72
——— Matrices: Oxford, 72, 150, 151, 155, 161; James, 72, 225, 228
Running Secretary, a French Cursiv, 56
Rusher (Ph.) his improved types, 119; his Rasselas, 119
Russian type, chief foreign founts, 71, 72; none in England in 1778; 72
——— Matrices: Cottrell, 72, 291; Fry, 72, 309, 312; Thorowgood, 72, 296
St. Alban’s, printing at, 89, 139
St. Augustin, a French type body, 32, 37
Sallust, Edinburgh, 1739; 219
Samaritan type, chief founts abroad, 70, 174
——— Matrices: Oxford, 70, 148, 154, 161; Polyglot, 70, 173, 174, 177, 198; Andrews, 70, 195; Grover, 70, 198; James, 70, 223, 225, 227, 303; Caslon, 70, 240, 241, 247, 254; Caslon III, 326; Fry, 70, 303, 309, 311; Dummers, 70, 241, 345
——— Punches: James, 229 Sand moulds, early use of, 16
Sanscrit matrices: Caslon, 254; Jackson, 319; Wilkins, 318, 319
‘Sanspareil’ matrices invented, 327
Savile (Sir H.) his Eton Chrysostom, 60, 140
Saxon, early types of, in England, 73, 74; in Amsterdam, 74
——— Matrices: Day, 73, 95, 96; Oxford, 74, 150, 151, 158, 161; Andrews (for Elstob), 74, 156, 157, 158, 196, 289; Grover, 199; James, 223, 228; Caslon, 74, 240, 248; Caslon III, 326; Wilson, 74, 264; Fry, 74, 309, 312; Figgins, 74, 343
——— Punches: James, 229
Schoeffer (P.) advertisement of, 28, 49; his Lettre de Somme, 54; Greek, 57; Initials, 79
Schoepflin on sculpto-fusi types, 7
Schola Syriaca, Utrecht, 1672; 70, 174
Scholar’s Instructor, Camb. 1735; 247
Sclavonic, various founts abroad, 71
——— Matrices: Oxford, 71, 148, 153, 155, 161
——— modern: see Russian
Scolar (J.) early Oxford printer, 139
Scoloker, Ipswich printer, device of, 106
Scotland, first types in, 103; early use of Dutch types in, 46, 257, 258; condition of printing in, before 1720, 257; no foundry in 1725, 218, 257, 258
Script type, origin of, 56, 204; Dutch, 56; French and German, 56; Moreau’s, 56; Didot’s, 56, 120, 308, 312; Dawks’, 173
——— Matrices: Caslon, 249; Cottrell, 56, 290, 292; Fry, 308, 312; Jackson, 56, 317; Thorne, 293, 294, 295
Scriptorial matrices: Grover, 199, 204; James, 228, 303; Fry, 303; Fenwick, 351
‘Sculpto-fusi’ types, theory of, 7, 8
‘Sculptus,’ use of the word in colophons, 7
Secretary type, early, at Paris, 55; Rouen, 55, 92; Caxton’s, 55, 86, 87, 88; Berthelet’s, 94, 95; variations of, 55; disappearance, 55, 94, 95
Secretary matrices: Andrews, 196; Grover, 199; James, 228
Sedan, small Roman type at, 40, 46; small Greek, 61, 254
Sedan, a French type body, 35
Seldeni Opera Omnia, Lond. 1726; 236
Semi-Nonpareil, a French type body, 40
Set-Court, see Court Hand
Setting-up, an operation in founding, 111, 114, 116, 117
Shakespeare, Lond. 1792–1802; 330, 331
Shakespeare Press, established, 331; works issued by, 331–3
Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, 153
Shewell (Mr.) son-in-law of Caslon I, 246
Siberch (Jno.) first Cambridge printer, 141; Greek types of, 60, 141
Signs cut by Moxon, 191
Silver, alleged use of for type metal, 40, 106, 140
SIMMONS, a letter founder, 364
SINCLAIR (DUNCAN) manager for Wilson, 266; starts a foundry in Edinburgh, 266
SINCLAIR (JNO.) son of above; manager for Wilson, 265; joins his father, 266
Skeen (W.) on wooden types, 6; on sculpto-fusi types, 8; on ‘getté en molle,’ 14
SKINNER, a letter founder, 345
Small Pica, an English type-body, 33, 38
Smart (W.) purchased Baskerville remainders, 281
Smith (Jno.) his tribute to Caslon, 243; body-standards given by, 34
Smith, (Dr. T.) his tribute to Laud, 145; note by, on the Alexandrian Codex, 201, 203
Smith (T. W.) manager to H. W. Caslon, 255
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, notice of, 234; their press at Tranquebar, 234; their Arabic Psalms and Testament, 235
Somme, Lettre de, 54
Soncino, Hebrew type at, 62
Sophologium (Wiedenbach? 1465?) 42
Sower (Chr.) early American founder, 350
Spaces, early contrivances for, 21
Specimens, see Type-specimens
Specklin on wooden types, 4
Speculum, not printed with wood type, 4, 5, 6; nor with sculpto-fusi types, 6; possible sand-cast types of, 10; curious ‘turn’ in 10; possible clay-cast types of, 11; quantity of types and contractions in, 27
Star Chamber; case of Day v. Ward, 124; decrees affecting printers and founders, 126, 130, 167; abolished, 131
Starr (E.) Type-casting machine of, 122
Statham’s Abridgments, Rouen, n.d., 92
Stationers, early brotherhood of, 124
Stationers’ Company, incorporation of, 124; powers against printers, 127, 128, 129; minutes relating to founders, 128, 129, 133, 134, 164, 165, 193; schism in, 348
Statutes affecting printers and founders, 124, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
STEELE (ISAAC) partner of Edmund Fry, 306, 307
STEPHENSON (S. and C.) London founders, 353; first foundry, 353; specimens, 353, 354; punch-cutter for, 353, 359; foundry sold, 354
——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, 353; Ornaments, 353
STEPHENSON (HENRY) Sheffield founder, 329
Stereotype, early suggestion of, 13; first attempts at, 218; history of Ged’s invention, 218; re-invention by Tilloch, 220, 261; perfected by Wilson and Lord Stanhope, 220; Didot’s method of, 220
Strong (Mr.) married Mrs. H. Caslon, 252
Strype’s note on Day, 98; on early types, 97
Subiaco, Roman type at, 40; Greek, 57
Swedish Matrices:—Oxford, 73, 151
SWINNEY (MYLES) Birmingham founder, 269, 352; specimen of, 352, 353; poetical tribute to, 353
Swynheim and Pannartz, Roman types of, 40, 41; Greek, 57
SYMPSON (BENJ.) the first recorded English letter-founder, 128, 164
Syriac, chief founts abroad, 67; printed in Hebrew, 67; Usher’s attempt to procure types of, 67, 68
——— Matrices: Oxford, 68, 147, 148, 155, 160, 161; Polyglot, 68, 173, 174, 177, 198, 241; Andrews, 195, 241; Grover, 198, 241; James, 228, 241; Caslon, 160, 240, 241, 246, 247, 254; Fry, 68, 303, 308, 309, 311, 342; Caslon III, 326; Figgins 68, 342, 343; Watts, 68
——— Punches:—James, 229
Télegú matrices: Figgins, 339, 343
Tertia, a German type body, 37
Teste, a size of type, 32
Testo, a Spanish type body, 32, 37
Thiboust (C. L.) his account of French founding, 114, 115; his Typographiæ Excellentia, 115
Thomas (Isaiah) his Printing in America, 17; note on the first American founders, 350
Thomson (Jas.) his patent for type-casting, 12, 122
Thomson’s Seasons, Parma, 1794: 251: Lond. 1799: 336
THORNE (ROBT.) apprentice and successor to Cottrell, 292; removes to Barbican, 292; and to Fann Street, 294; regulations of his foundry, 117, 294; specimens, 292, 293, 294; new fashions of Roman, 293; sale of his foundry, 295
——— Matrices: Blacks, 295; Engrossing, 295; Flowers, 293, 295; German, 295; Ornamented, 295; ‘Proscription,’ 292, 294; Roman and Italic, 292, 293, 295; Script, 293, 294, 295; Shaded, 293, 295
THOROWGOOD (WM.) purchases Thorne’s foundry, 295; specimens, 295, 296; purchases Dr. Fry’s foundry, 296, 313; successors, 296; standards of type bodies in 1841, 34
——— Matrices: German, 296; Greek, 296; Hebrew, 296; Roman and Italic, 295; Russian, 72, 296
Tilloch’s patent for stereotype, 220, 261
Timmins (S.) Baskerville relics of, 268, 269, 271, 279
Tonson (J.) buys type in Holland, 216, 217, 233
Tory (Geof.) on shapes of types, 32, 53, 183; his Champfleury, 32, 183; Greek type of, 58; Initials, 80; Roman, 44
Tractatus contra Judæos, Esslingen, 1475 62
Trafalgar, an English type body, 34
Tranquebar, Scriptures printed at, 1714–19; 234
Treatise of Love, Westminster, 1491 ?; 89
Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle, Lond. 1827; 286
Trithemius on the Invention of Printing, 7
Turner’s Herbal, Lond. 1551; 60
Turner, a dishonest Oxford printer, 145
Two-line letters, early mention of, 32; use of, 80, 129
Twyn’s Tryal and Condemnation, Lond. 1664; 132
Types, early; first suggestion of mobile, 3; wooden, 3; perforated, 4; Wetter’s specimen of, 5; Laborde’s specimen, 5; ‘sculpto-fusi,’ 7; sand-cast, 10; clay-cast, 11; irregularities in, 18; 15th century types at Lyons, 20–23; and at Cologne, 24–26; ligatures and contractions, 22, 27; quantities of, in founts, 26, 27; one size only in a book, 126; markets for, 20, 28, 90, 103; trade in, 103, 123; early control over, 126
Type-bodies, origin of, 31, 32; names of early, 32–40; irregular, 33; standards of 33, 34; attempts to regulate, 35, 357; names of foreign, 35
Type-casting, Moxon’s account of, 111; machine for, origin of, 122; patents for, 119–22; early machines, 265, 356
Type-ornaments, first at Subiaco, 82; Aldus’, 82; Caxton’s, 82; H. Estienne’s, 82; used in combination, 82
Type patented, Rusher’s, 119; Caslon III, 120, 327
Type-mould, invention of, 9; of sand, 10; clay, 11, plaster, 15; earliest adjustable, 14; in four pieces, 17, 120; peculiarities of early, 23, 105; Garamond’s, 23; Dutch, of brass, 113, 216; ‘drags’ in 26; Moxon’s description of, 108, 186; abandonment of hand, 119; lever introduced, 120, 186
Type-specimens, English, 49, 50; Dibdin on, 49; Bodoni’s, 50, 251
Type Street Foundry established, 305
‘Typi tornatissimi,’ initials, 79
Typographical Antiquities, Lond. 1749; 52, 242
Typographiæ Excellentia, Carmen, Paris, 1718; 115
Typography, essence of, 2; and xylography, 2; two early schools of, 9; a mathematical science, 184
Union-Pearl matrices: Grover, 199, 204; James, 228, 303; Fry, 303
Universal Magazine, 1750: account of letter-founding in, 108, 116, 243, 288, 316
Unterweissung der Messung, Nuremburg, 1525; 32, 183
Usher’s attempt to procure Oriental types, 67, 69, 141
Van Dijk (Chr.) Dutch letter cutter, 114, 215; Moxon’s praise of, 182, 184; Roman letter of, 40, 44, 47, 182, 184; Italic, 52; Black, 47
Vatican Press, Oriental types of, 65, 67, 69
Vautrollier (Th.) Roman type of, 46, 98; Italic, 51; Music, 77
Virgil, Paris, 1648; 56: Lond. (Ogilby’s) 47: Florence, 1741; 204: Birmingham, 1757; 272, 273
Vitré, French printer, Arabic types of, 66; Samaritan, 70; Syriac, 67
Vizitelly, Branston and Co.’s cast ornaments, 360
Vocabularia, St. Petersburg, 1786–9; 72
Vocabulary (Arabic), Granada, 1505; 65
Vocabulary, Persian, Arabic and English, Lond. 1785; 319
Voltaire, Œuvres de, Kehl, 1784–9; 286
Voskens (Dirk) Dutch founder, 114, 215, 216, 290
——— Matrices of: Coptic, 70; Runic, 72; Russian, 71; Samaritan, 70; Saxon, 74; Sclavonic, 71
Wages in Caslon’s foundry, dispute concerning in, 1757; 243: in Thorne’s foundry, 1806; 118
Waldegrave (R.) a disorderly printer, 127
WALPERGEN (P.) Oxford founder, 149, 207; book printed by, at Batavia, 207; his Music type, 77, 148, 153, 162, 208, 209; inventory of his chattels, 209; small value of his punches, 209
Walpole (Horace) Baskerville’s letter to, 278
Walsingham, Historia Brevis, Lond. 1574; 95, 96
Walton (Brian) editor of the London Polyglot, 170; his Proposals and Specimen, 170; his Introductio ad lectionem, 172; timeservice of, 175; rewards to, 176; note by, on the Alexandrian Codex facsimile, 201
Wanley (Humphrey) designs Saxon letter for Miss Elstob, 157
Ward (Roger) a disorderly printer, 125, 127
Watson (Jas.) Scotch printer, 257; his History of Printing, 257; Specimen, 46, 49, 258; his Dutch Initials, 80, 258
WATTS (RICHARD) Cambridge University printer, 362; printer and founder in London, 362; Oriental types of, 363; specimen by his successors, 363
——— Matrices: Syriac, 68
Watts (Jno.) printer, assists Caslon, 233, 234; Franklin his apprentice, 233, 235
Wechels, Frankfort printers, Greek types of, 58, 60, 140; Hebrew, 63
Wertheimer (Jno.) Hebrew type cut for, 264
Weston, see Wetstein
Westfalia (Jno. de) Roman type of, 43
Wetstein, Dutch founders, 346, 349; Greek types of, 61
Wetter’s unhistorical wooden types, 5
White (Elihu) type-casting machine of, 120
White (Thos.) printer, uses Baskerville’s types, 286
‘White letter,’ a name for Roman, 91
Whittaker (Jno.) Caxtonian restorations by, 344
Whittingham (C.) printer, revives the Old Style Roman, 255
Whitintoni Grammatices, Lond. 1519; 60, 91: De heteroclytis nominibus, Lond. 1523; 91: Lucubrationes, Lond. 1527; 91
Wiedenbach, typographical school at, 41, 42; Roman type at, 42
Wilkins (Dr. C.) Librarian to East India Company, 318; typographical achievements of, 318, 319; Bengal type cut by, 319; Deva Nagari cut by, 319, 320; fire at his office, 319; Sanscrit cut for, 254
Wilkins (Dr. D.) notice of, 236; Coptic works of, 236
Wilkins (Dr. Jno.) Philosophical or Real character of, 191, 196, 310
WILSON (ALEX.) the First; begins as a doctor’s assistant in London, 258; patronised by Lord Isla, 258; starts a foundry, 259; his partner Baine, 259, 260; attempts new method of founding, 259; earliest founts of, 260; settles at St. Andrew’s, 260; Irish and foreign business, 260, 264; removes to Camlachie, 260; casts types for the Foulis, 261; the Glasgow Homer Greek type, 262; retires, 262; tributes to, 262, 263; specimens, 263; foundry removed to Glasgow, 263
——— Matrices: Black, 264; Greek, 61, 261, 262, 264, 265; Hebrew, 261, 265; Roman and Italic, 48, 260, 263, 264, 265; Saxon, 74, 264
WILSON (ANDREW) son of above; assists and succeeds his father, 264; state of the foundry in 1825; 264
——— Matrices: Greek, 264; Roman, 264, 355
WILSON (ALEX.) the Second, son of above, joins his father, 264; succeeds to the foundry, 264; establishes branches at Edinburgh, 264, London, 265, and Two Waters, 265; type casting machine of, 122, 265; fails in business, 265; sells foundry, 265; joins Mr. Caslon, 255, 265
WILSON (PATRICK) brother and partner of above, 264
Wilson Foundry, type standards in 1841; 34: division and dispersion of, 255, 265
Woide (Dr.) his facsimile of the Alexandrian Codex, 311, 321
Wolfe (Jno.) disorderly City printer, 125
Wolfe (Rey.) types of, 95; Greek of, 60
Wolsey (Cardinal) his influence on printing, 139
Women, employment of, in foundries, 117
WOOD AND SHARWOODS, founders, successors to Austin, 360; Cast Ornaments of, 360
Wooden types, the legend of, 3–6; Specimens of at Oxford, 6; used in England, 129
Worde (Wynkyn de) account of, 89–91; used Caxton’s types, 87, 89; and Faques’, 94; bought type abroad, 103; employed a Paris printer, 91; his own letter founder, 89, 90, 103; types of: Arabic, 66, 91; Black, 53, 89, 90, 91, 197, 199, 225, 239; Greek, 60, 91; Hebrew, 64, 91; Italic, 51, 91; Music, 76, 91; Roman, 91
WRIGHT (THOS.) Star Chamber Founder, 165, 166; nominated, 130, 165
Wyer (R.) types of, 94
Xenophon’s Anabasis, Glasgow, 1783; 220
Xylography, a distinct art from Typography, 6; extinction of, 2
Ycair on the shapes of letters, 32, 53; his Orthographia Practica, 32, 53, 183
York, early printing at, 89, 139
Young (Patrick) Royal Librarian, 143, 167; his Catena on Job, 98, 144, 176, 198, 201, 228; his facsimile from the Alexandrian Codex, 201, 321
Zainer (Gunther) Roman type of, 42
Zell (Ulric) his narrative of the invention of printing, 1
