INDEX AND GLOSSARY (continued 2)

Taxes to help the building and repair of bridges, in London, 50;

at Montauban, 255.

Telford, Thomas, Scottish engineer, b. 1757—d. 1834;

his views on Grubenmann’s bridge at Schaffhausen, 141-2;

on Inigo Jones’s bridge at Llanrwst, 282 footnote;

his foolish bridge at Craigellachie, 349.

Tennyson, on Nature’s strife, 37;

his talk with a jerry-builder, 78.

Tenorio, Pedro, Archbishop, renewed the bridges of Toledo, fourteenth century, 287, 288-9.

Terrace-Walk on the Pul-i-Khaju at Isfahan, 215, and on the Ali Verdi Khan, 270.

Terror inspired by the slowness of human progress, 55-6.

Tertiary Times, their handicraft, 120-1.

Tessanges, Jean de, Abbot of Cluny, who commissioned the building of the Pont St. Esprit, 297.

Tewkesbury, King John’s Bridge at, 258 footnote.

Thames Bridges, 96, 256;

see also “London Bridge” and “Westminster Bridge.”

Thebes, the Temple of Ammon-Rē, an early arch, 155.

Theory, defined, 11;

misuse of this great word, 12.

Theory, the, of Pontine Defence, 14-17, and of the universality of strife, 17-52.

Thirlmere, a primitive structure at, which is partly a dam, partly a bridge, 131.

Thornton, Roger, of Newcastle, in 1429, bequeathed a hundred marks to the Tyne Bridge, 10.

Thouars, in Deux-Sèvres, Gothic bridge at, 275.

Thrift in Bridge-building, 264-5, 325-6.

Tiber, the, and the sacrifice of human beings, 64.

Tiberius, he finished the beautiful Roman bridge at Rimini, which Augustus had begun, 201.

Ticino, the River, and the covered bridge at Pavia, 308.

Tiles, they have been used in some Chinese bridges, 211 footnote;

Persian bricks resemble Roman tiles, 267;

the spandrils of the Pul-i-Khaju at Isfahan are mostly filled in with modern tiles, 215.

Timber Bridges, the earliest, 3, 58, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123;

tree-bridges with stone piers, 129-32;

tree-bridges with timber piles, 133-5;

some typical timber bridges, 136-43;

in the United States of America, 142-3, 353;

see also “Criss-cross Piers.”

Tiryns, early vaults at, 157.

Todentanzbrucke at Lucerne, 292.

Toledo and her Bridges, 285-9.

Tordesillas Bridge, Spain, 285 footnote.

Tortoise, Symbolic, used in the decoration of some Chinese bridges, 311.

Tournai, Pont des Trous at, 290.

Tours, Pont de, on the Loire, her cost and her length, 357;

see the picture facing p. 344.

Tower Bridge, London, 78, 327;

see the two illustrations facing pages 80 and 328.

Trajan’s Bridge over the Danube, 129-30.

Trajan’s Bridge over the Tagus, 183-7, 309.

Treasury of Atreus at Mycenae, 158-9.

Tree-Bridges, 3, 4, 58, 114, 115-19, 122, 123;

tree-bridges with stone piers, 129-32;

tree-bridges with timber piles, 133-5.

Trezzo Bridge, destroyed by Carmagnola, 309-10.

Triangular Arches, 157, 160-1.

Triangular Bridge at Crowland, see “Crowland”; in Spain, 181.

Trier Bridge over the Moselle, with her shrines, 247.

Trinità at Florence, 316-17.

Trinoda Necessitas, and its relation to bridges and roads, 40 et seq.

Triumphal Arches, Roman, on the Pont Flavien at Saint-Chamas, 176;

on the bridge at Saintes, 301, and footnote;

on a Chinese bridge described by Gauthey, 315.

Triumphalis, Pons, 197.

Truth differs from fact, 11.

Truths, Technical, in Bridge-building, 13.

Tudela Bridge, Spain, 285 footnote.

Tunnels bored under water by ants, 122;

tunnels to displace many of those strategical bridges which airships and aeroplanes could wreck with bombs, 59, 358.

Turner, J. M. W., his “Walton Bridges,” 6.

Turnpike Act of 1773, 59.

Turkish Bridge at Zakho, 65-6.

Twizel Bridge and Flodden Field, 94.

Ulloa, Antonio de, Spanish Admiral and traveller, b. 1716—d. 1795, his book on South America;

primitive timber bridges, 135;

the tarabita, a Peruvian suspension bridge, 146;

the fifth Ynca’s bridge of rushes, 146-7;

bujuco bridges, 147-8.

United States of America, 142-3, 352-4.

Uzès, on the road to Nîmes, the Pont Saint-Nicolas, XIII century, 295-6.

Vaison, in Vaucluse, an important Roman bridge at, 176.

Valentré, Pont, at Cahors, famous war-bridge, 27, 263-4, 282-5, and two illustrations.

Vaticanus, Pons, 197.

Vauxhall Bridge, London, date and cost, 357.

Vecchio, Ponte, Florence, 210, 222.

Venice, the Rialto, 209, 211-12, and the picture facing page 212;

Ponte della Paglia, the picture facing page 152;

a canal bridge, 329.

Verona. The fine Veronese bridges are not mentioned in this monograph; they passed from the text in a revision; but pontists know them well, and set great store by the charming Ponte di Pietra, and by the old sloping bridge with forked battlements that swaggers picturesquely across the Adige from the Castel Vecchio. The Ponte di Pietra rises from ancient foundations and she still retains two Roman arches, certainly often restored; the other spans are gracefully architectural. A circular bay for the relief of floods tunnels the spandrils above the cutwater of the middle pier.

Vicenza, two bridges of Roman origin, 199.

Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emmanuel, French architect and historian of architecture, b. 1814—d. 1879. Gaulish bridges, 70, 71;

arcs doubleaux, or ribbed arches, 94, 95;

the millers’ bridge at Meaux, 223;

some other mill bridges, 224;

on the shape of cutwaters, 262;

on the martial bridge at Saintes, 300, 301.

Visconti, Bernabò, founder of the bridge at Trezzo, 309.

Visconti, Gian Galeazzo, founder of the covered bridge at Pavia, 308.

Vitruvius, 190.

Volcanoes, their lava hardened into a thick crust over many gaps in the land forming slab-bridges, 124.

Voussoirs, or archstones; they form the compressed arc called the ring.

Wakefield Bridge and her Chapel, 209, 226-30.

Wales, her bridges, 45, 46;

see also “Brecon,” “Llangollen,” “Pont-y-Pant,” and “Pont-y-Prydd.”

Walla Brook, Dartmoor, 60, 100.

Wallingford Bridge had a Chapel, 231.

Waltham Abbey and Harold’s Bridge, 163.

War, every sort of human enterprise must be a phase of war, for it claims a battle-toll of killed and wounded and maimed;

strife everywhere is the historian of life, vii;

examples of this truth chosen from the illusion named Peace, 17, 33-6;

see also “Strife and Historic Bridges,” 14-52.

War, the Present Great, against Germany and Austria, vii, 33 footnote, 350, 358-61.

War-Bridges, vii;

a broken one of the XIII century at Narni in Italy, 14, 277-8;

a fine one of the XIV century at Orthez in France, 18, 278-9;

how war-bridges originated, 118-19;

Roman examples at Mérida, 182, and Alcantarilla, 367;

the Pont des Consuls at Montauban, 254-6;

Würzburg Bridge in Bavaria, 259;

the drawbridge of Old London Bridge, 260-1;

Warkworth Bridge, 261-2;

Pont Valentré at Cahors, 263-4, 282-5;

in Bhutan, India, 272 et seq.;

at Sospel, 276;

Monnow Bridge at Monmouth, 281-2;

the Alcántara at Toledo, 285 et seq.;

Puente de San Martin at Toledo, 287-9;

defensive bridges in Flemish towns, 289-91;

covered defensive bridges of timber, 291-3;

Pont St. Esprit over the Rhône, 293-8;

Ponte Nomentano in the Campagna, 298-300;

at Laroque, near Cahors, 300;

the bridge at Saintes in France, destroyed in 1843, 300-1;

the evolution from fortified bridges into defenceless viaducts, Chapter V;

new battle-bridges essential, 355-61.

Warkworth Bridge, 93, 258, 261-2.

Warrington Bridge, its date, 250 footnote.

Waterloo Bridge, London, 325-6.

Watermills on Bridges, 209, 223-4;

see also the picture of Millau Bridge facing page 352.

Wayside Shrines, 207, 230, 236, 246-7.

Weavers’ Bridge, Wycollar, Lancashire, 60-3.

Wellington, Duke of, how he repaired the broken arch of the Puente Trajan over the Tagus, 16, 186;

at Toulouse, 280;

on blowing up modern bridges, 359.

Welsh Bridges, 45, 46; see also “Brecon,” “Llangollen,” “Pont-y-Pant,” and “Pont-y-Prydd.”

West Rasen, Lincolnshire, a bridge with a double ring of voussoirs, 305.

Westminster Bridge, London, 327, 357.

Wheeled Traffic always postulates some good roads and bridges, 22.

Wheels, their wonderful importance in mankind’s history, 58, 154.

Wigram, Edgar, artist and writer on Spain, vi, 27, 73 et seq., 104, 183, 185, 280, 285, 367.

Wigram, the Rev. W. A., d.d., his notes on Kurdistan bridges, 74-6.

Wilton Bridge, Ross-on-Wye, Elizabethan; see “Ross-on-Wye.”

William, Saint, and the Ouse Bridge at York, 241.

Winchester, the Statute of, 207.

Windmills and Bridges, 208, 219, 224-5.

Wittengen Bridge, 142.

Worcester, Battle of, and Old Pershore Bridge, 355.

Würzburg Bridge, 259.

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, in the revolt of 1553, tried to cross the Thames, but was thwarted by the drawbridge on Old London Bridge, 261.

Wycollar Valley, Lancashire, its primitive bridges, 60 et seq.

Xerxes, his bridge over the Hellespont, see “Bridge of Boats.”

York, Ouse Bridge at, 241 et seq.

Y-shaped Branches in Primitive Bridges, 148.

Zakho, in Asiatic Turkey, the legend of its bridge, 65-6.

Zamora, Spain, her fortified old bridge, 285.

Zaragoza, her famous bridge, partly Roman, 187, 188.

Zendeh Rud, Isfahan, 212-15, 268-70.

Transcriber’s Note:

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These were left unchanged, as were obsolete and alternative spellings. Misspelled words were corrected. The captions to several images are not identical to the descriptions of them in the List of Colour Plates.

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of the chapter. Footnotes [109] and [115] have two anchors. Obvious printing errors, such as partially printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added. Mid-paragraph illustrations were moved to the nearest paragraph break.

“Lællenkœnig” was replaced with “Laellenkoenig” for consistency with other entries.