HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS FOR BEAUTY OF FOLIAGE AND GROWTH

The following is a table of hardy trees and shrubs more interesting for the beauty of their foliage and growth than for their flowers, with their popular names, approximate heights, native country, and other particulars. All are deciduous unless otherwise specified. Those with an asterisk (*) are the most important.

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

Acanthopanax ricinifolium Tree 50 ft. Suitable for South and West of England, needs a good loamy soil Japan

,, spinosum Shrub 8 ft. For sheltered spots in South ,,

Acer argutum Tree 20 ft. In ordinary soil and position ,,

,, campestre (Field Maple) Tree 30 ft. Will grow in dry spots Europe and Western Asia

,, ,, variegatum Tree 20 ft. If too much exposed the variegated leaves suffer Garden form

,, carpinifolium Tree 30 ft. In ordinary soil and position Japan

,, caudatum (Syn. A. acuminatum) Tree 20 ft. Handsome leaves but rather tender Himalaya

,, circinatum Tree 30 to 40 ft. Needs a sheltered spot. Beautiful autumn foliage California

,, cissifolium (Syn. Negundo cissifolium) Small tree 10 ft. In ordinary soil and position Japan

,, cratægifolium Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, creticum (Syn. A. parvifolium), (Cretan Maple) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Asia Minor

,, *dasycarpum (Syn. A. eriocarpum), (White Maple) Tree 50 ft. Soil must not be too dry North America

,, dasycarpum laciniatum Tree 50 ft. Forms a very pretty lawn tree; soil must not be too dry ,,

,, diabolicum (Syn. A. pulchrum) Tree 25 ft. In ordinary soil and position Japan

,, distylum Tree 15 ft. Very handsome leaves, 5 to 7 in. long, 4 in. broad; in ordinary soil and position Japan, Nippon

,, glabrum (Syn. A. tripartitum) Tree 30 ft. In ordinary soil and position Western North America

,, Heldreichi Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern Europe

,, hyrcanum (Syn. A. caucasicum and A. lobatum) Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Caucasus

,, *japonicum (Syn. A. palmatum macrophyllum), (Japanese Maple) Tree 10 to 15 ft. Requires protection from cold winds in spring. Very slow in growth Japan

,, *japonicum aureum (Golden-leaved Japanese Maple) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, Lobelii (Syn. A. platanoides (Lobelii)) Tree 50 ft. In ordinary soil and position Southern Italy

,, macrophyllum (Syn. A. speciosum) Tree 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, North-West America

,, monspessulanum Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, South of Europe

,, Negundo (Syn. Negundo aceroides) Tree 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, ,, californicum Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, California

,, ,, *variegatum (Variegated Maple) ,, A well-known variegated tree that must be sparingly planted Garden form

,, ,, aureum ,, A very distinct tree, yellow variegation ......

,, opulifolium (Syn. A. Opalus), (Italian Maple) Small tree 12 ft. In ordinary soil and position Corsica

,, *palmatum (Syn. A. polymorphum) Tree 10 to 15 ft. Requires protection from cold winds in spring. Slow in growth, but the coloured-leaved varieties are very showy and often brilliant Japan

,, ,, and many varieties ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, pennsylvanicum (Syn. A. striatum) Tree 30 ft. A fairly moist spot is best for this; its striped bark is very striking North America

,, pictum Tree 50 ft. In ordinary soil and position Japan

,, platanoides ,, ,, ,, ,, Norway and Sweden

,, ,, laciniatum ,, ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, palmatum ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, purpureum (Purple-leaved Maple) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *Schwedleri ,, The young leaves of this are red, and when growing freely it is very striking ,,

,, Pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) Tree 50 to 70 ft. In ordinary soil and position Europe

,, ,, ,, *Leopoldi Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, ,, purpureum ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, ,, and other varieties Trees 20 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, rubrum (Syn. A. coccineum), (Scarlet Maple) Tree 60 ft. Needs a fairly moist soil somewhat sheltered North America

,, saccharinum (Sugar Maple) ,, In ordinary soil and position ,,

,, spicatum (Syn. A. rugosum) Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, tataricum Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Tartary

,, ,, *Ginnala Tree 20 ft. The brilliant colour of its leaves in autumn attracts attention to this; in ordinary soil and position Japan

*Ailantus glandulosa Tree 60 ft. Good town tree, and for dry soils, and of quick growth China

Alnus cordifolia Tree 20 ft. Thrives in dryer soil than most Alders South of Europe

,, firma (Syn. A. multinervis) Tree 30 ft. Needs a moist spot Japan

,, glutinosa (Common Alder) Tree 40 to 60 ft. Grows well in boggy places Europe and North Africa

,, ,, *aurea (Golden-leaved Alder) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, *imperialis Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, and other varieties Trees 30 to 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, incana Tree 50 to 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, Northern temperate regions

,, ,, and varieties ,, ,, ,, ,, ......

,, japonica (Japanese Alder) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, oregona Tree 20 ft. Moist soil Western North America

,, orientalis Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Orient

,, rhombifolia Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, California

,, serrulata Shrub 8 to 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, ,, viridis Shrub 6 ft. Does well in exposed position Northern Europe and Asia

Aristotelia Macqui Sub-evergreen shrub 6 ft. Rather tender, will grow in ordinary soil Chili

,, ,, variegata ,, ,, ,, ,, ......

Artemesia Abrotanum (Southernwood) Shrub 3 to 4 ft. Very fragrant leaves; will grow in dry soils South of Europe

*Arundinaria Veitchii Evergreen 2 to 3 ft. Needs good, fairly moist soil, and protection from cutting winds Japan

Arundo Donax (Giant Reed) Evergreen 10 ft. Hardy in South of England, needs protection in North, moist soil Mediterranean region

,, ,, variegata ,, ,, ,, ,, Garden form

Atraphaxis buxifolia Shrub 2 ft. Well drained, sandy peat, fairly moist Caucasus

,, lanceolata ,, ,, ,, ,, Temperate Asia

,, Muschketowi ,, ,, ,, ,, Central Asia

,, spinosa Sub-evergreen shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, Orient

Atriplex canescens Shrub 3 ft. Will grow in dry, sandy soils, and also near the sea Western North America

,, confertifolia Shrub 1 ft. Fairly moist peaty soil Western United States

,, Halimus (Tree Parslane) Shrub 6 ft. Will grow in dry sandy soils and also near the sea Europe

,, Nuttallii Shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, Western North America

,, portulacoides Shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

Azara dentata Evergreen shrub 12 ft. Ordinary soil, but thoroughly hardy only in South and West of England Chili

,, Gilliesii Evergreen shrub 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, integrifolia ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, *microphylla Evergreen shrub 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Baccharis halimifolia Shrub 6 to 8 ft. Useful for dry sandy soils North America

,, patagonica Shrub 4 ft. ,, ,, ,, Patagonia

,, salicifolia Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

Berchemia racemosa Climbing shrub 15 ft. Deep moist soil and sheltered spot Japan

,, volubilis (Syn. Rhamnus volubilis) Climbing shrub 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

*Betula alba (Syn. B. verrucosa), (Silver Birch) Tree 50 to 60 ft. Will grow in bleak cold spots, but is beautiful everywhere Northern Hemisphere

,, ,, *fastigiata Tree 30 ft. Extremely distinct upright growth Garden form

,, ,, *laciniata (Cut-leaved Birch) Tree 50 ft. A charming lawn tree ,,

,, ,, *pendula (Weeping Birch) Drooping tree A weeping form ,,

,, ,, *purpurea (Purple-leaved Birch) Tree 40 ft. An effective coloured-leaved tree ,,

,, corylifolia (Hazel-leaved Birch) Tree 50 ft. Grows well in ordinary soil and position Japan

,, davurica Tree 30 to 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, Northern Asia and America

,, fruticosa Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Northern Asia

,, lenta (Syn. B. carpinifolia) Tree 60 to 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, lutea (Syn. B. excelsa), (Yellow Birch) Tree 70 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, *Maximowiczii Tree 30 ft. Much larger leaves than any other Birch; very satisfactory with Messrs. Veitch at Coombe Wood Japan

,, ,, nana (Dwarf Birch) Shrub 1 to 3 ft. Grows well in ordinary soil and position Northern Hemisphere

,, *nigra (Syn. B. rubra), (Red Birch) Tree 60 to 70 ft. Does best in moist soil North America

,, occidentalis Shrub 8 to 10 ft. Grows well in ordinary soil and position Western North America

,, *papyrifera (Syn. B. papyracea), (Canoe Birch) Tree 60 to 70 ft. Prefers moist spots North America

,, populifolia Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, pumila Shrub 2 to 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, utilis (Syn. B. Bhojpattra), (Indian Birch) Tree 50 ft. Rather tender except in South and West Himalaya

Bigelovia Douglasii Shrub 4 ft. Will grow in poor sandy soils North America

,, graveolens Shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Broussonetia Kæmpferi Tree 15 ft. Sometimes cut by frost, but quickly recovers Japan

,, *papyrifera (Syn. Morus papyrifera), (Paper Mulberry) Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, China, Japan, and Polynesia

Bumelia lanuginosa (Syn. Sideroxylon lanuginosum) Shrub 10 ft. Needs good, fairly moist soil, and a sheltered spot Southern United States

,, lycioides (Syn. Sideroxylon lycioides) Sub-evergreen shrub 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Callicarpa americana Shrub 6 ft. Rather tender; likes moist soil North America

,, japonica Shrub 5 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

Carpinus caroliniana (Syn. C. americana), (American Hornbeam) Tree 50 ft. Any ordinary soil and position North America

,, *Betulus (Common Hornbeam) Tree 50 to 60 ft. Any ordinary soil and position, good for Hedges Europe

,, cordata Tree 40 ft. Any ordinary soil and position Japan

,, japonica (Japanese Hornbeam) Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

*Carya alba (Syn. Hicoria ovata), (Shell Bark Hickory) Tree 50 to 70 ft. Needs good loamy soil, very impatient of removal North America

,, *olivæformis (Syn. Hicoria Peccan), (Peccan Nut) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Castanea pumila Tree 12 ft. Does best on light loamy soils United States

,, *sativa (Syn. C. vesca), (Sweet Chestnut) Tree 60 to 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Africa

,, ,, and varieties Trees 20 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

*Castanopsis chrysophylla (Syn. Castanea chrysophylla), (Golden Chestnut) Evergreen shrub 6 ft. to 10 ft. Needs shelter from cutting winds. Undersides of leaves are rich yellow California

Cedrela chinensis (Syn. Ailantus flavescens) Tree 30 ft. Hardy in South of England China

*Celastrus articulatus Climbing shrub 20 ft. Useful for rambling over unsightly objects, ordinary soil Japan

,, scandens ,, ,, ,, ,, North America

Celtis australis (Nettle tree) Tree 30 to 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position Mediterranean region

,, japonica (Japanese Nettle tree) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, mississippiensis Tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

,, occidentalis ,, ,, ,, ,, North America

,, Tournefortii (Syn. C. orientalis) Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Orient

Cephalanthus occidentalis Shrub 6 ft. Moist peaty soil with plenty of sand North America

Cercidophyllum japonicum Tree 20 to 30 ft. Hardy in the South, rather tender elsewhere Japan

Cleyera ochnacea (Syn. C. japonica) Evergreen shrub 6 ft. Does best treated as a wall plant in good soil ,,

Cocculus carolinus Twining shrub 20 ft. Will grow in warm dry spots North America

,, laurifolius Shrub 5 ft. Needs protection of a wall Himalaya to Japan

Colletia cruciata Shrub 6 ft. Rather tender in North of England Uruguay

,, ferox (Syn. C. spinosa, C. horrida) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

Coriaria myrtifolia Shrub 5 ft. A deep light soil suits this best Mediterranean Region

Cornus alba Shrub 6 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America

,, ,, *sibirica (Siberian Dogwood) Shrub 5 ft. ,, ,, ,, Siberia

,, ,, *Spaethii Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, alternifolia Shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, Amomum Shrub 6 ft. Does best in damp spots ,,

,, Baileyi ,, Ordinary soil and position ,,

,, circinata Shrub 5 ft. Does best in damp spots ,,

,, florida Shrub 10 ft. Our summers are rarely hot enough to flower this well. Pendula is a beautiful weeping variety. A delightful shrub whose large white blossoms are borne in June Eastern North America

,, *Kousa (Syn. Benthamia japonica), (Japanese Strawberry tree) Shrub 8 to 10 ft. Hardy, grows slowly when young. Flowers delightfully when established. Should be in other list. Japan

,, macrophylla (Beautiful at Coombe Wood) Tree 40 ft. Deep fairly moist soil. A handsome tree Northern India to Japan

,, *Mas (Cornelian Cherry) Small tree 15 ft. Ordinary soil and position Europe

,, officinalis Small tree 10 to 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, pubescens Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, sanguinea (Common Dogwood) ,, ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, stolonifera (Red Osier Dogwood) Shrub 6 to 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

Corylus americana (American Hazel) Shrub 5 to 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, *Avellana (Common Hazel) Tree or shrub 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and Asia

,, ,, and varieties Trees or shrubs ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, *Colurna (Constantinople Hazel) Tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, South-Eastern Europe to Himalaya

,, heterophylla Tree or shrub 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, mandshurica (Japanese Hazel) Small tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Amurland and Japan

,, maxima (Cob Nut) Tree or shrub 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, South Europe

,, rostrata (Beaked Hazel) Shrub 5 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

*Danæ Laurus (Syn. Ruscus racemosus), (Alexandrian laurel) Evergreen shrub 4 ft. Grows well in shady spots Asia Minor

Decumaria barbara Climbing shrub 10 ft. Needs a warm sheltered border Southern United States

Drimys aromatica (Tasmanian Pepper plant) Evergreen shrub 10 ft. Hardy only in South and West Tasmania

,, Winteri (Winter's Bark) Evergreen shrub 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, South America

*Elæagnus angustifolia (Syn. E. hortensis), (Wild Olive) Tree 20 ft. Will grow in dry sandy soils Mediterranean region

,, argentea (Syn. Shepherdia argentea), (Silver Berry) Shrub 5 ft. Needs a fairly moist soil North America

,, *glabra Evergreen shrub 6 ft. Ordinary soil not too dry China and Japan

,, *macrophylla ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, *multiflora (Syn. E. edulis, E. longipes) Deciduous shrub 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, orientalis Tree 20 ft. Will grow in dry sandy soils Orient

,, *pungens (Syn. E. reflexa) Evergreen shrub 6 to 8 ft. One of our finest evergreens China and Japan

,, ,, *and varieties ,, Will do well in ordinary soil Garden forms

,, umbellata (Syn. E. japonica) Sub-evergreen shrub 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

Empetrum nigrum (Crowberry) Evergreen shrub 1 ft. Needs moist peaty soil Britain

Ephedra americana Evergreen shrub 3 ft. Does well in dry stony places Chili

,, distachya Evergreen shrub 3 to 4 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and Asia Minor

,, gerardiana Evergreen shrub 2 ft. Rather tender Himalaya

,, helvetica Evergreen shrub 2 ft. Does well in dry stony places South Europe

,, trifurca Evergreen shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, Western North America

Ercilla volubilis (Syn. E. spicata) Evergreen twiner 15 ft. Needs protection of a wall in most districts Chili

Eriobotrya japonica (Syn. Photinia japonica), (Loquat), handsome leaves Evergreen tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, China and Japan

Eurya japonica Evergreen shrub 6 ft. Hardy only in south and west India, China, and Japan

Fagus ferruginea (Syn. F. americana), (American beech) Tree 40 to 60 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America

,, *sylvatica (Common Beech) Tree 60 to 100 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and Asia Minor

,, ,, *atropurpurea (Purple-leaved Beech) Tree 50 ft. Best dark-leaved form Garden form

,, ,, *cuprea (Copper Beech) ,, Ordinary soil and position ,,

,, ,, heterophylla ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *pendula (Weeping Beech) Tree, height various ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *purpurea pendula ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, and other varieties ,, ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

*Fatsia japonica (Syn. Aralia japonica) Evergreen shrub 3 to 8 feet Needs sheltered spot, cool moist soil Japan

*Ficus Carica (Common Fig) Tree or shrub 15 to 20 ft. Does best on wall, good town plant Afghanistan and Eastern Persia

Fraxinus americana (White Ash) Tree 30 to 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America

,, augustifolia Tree 30 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern Europe

,, anomala Tree 12 ft. Needs sheltered spot Utah

,, caroliniana (Water Ash) Tree 30 to 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position United States

,, chinensis (Chinese Ash) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

,, *Excelsior (Common Ash) Tree 30 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, ,, aurea Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, aurea pendula (Weeping Golden Ash) Tree, height various ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, crispa Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, heterophylla (Syn. monophylla) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *pendula (Weeping Ash) Tree, height various ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, and other varieties Trees, height various ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, mandshurica Tree 70 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Mandchuria and Japan

,, nigra (Syn. F. sambucifolia) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, numidica Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, North Africa

,, oregona (Syn. F. californica), (Oregon Ash) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Western United States

,, *parvifolia (Syn. F. lentiscifolia) Tree 30 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, South Europe

,, ,, pendula Tree, height various ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, pennsylvanica (Syn. F. pubescens) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, potamophila (Swamp Ash) ,, ,, ,, ,, Turkestan

,, quadrangulata (Blue Ash) Tree 60 to 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, United States

Gleditschia australis Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern China

,, japonica (Japanese Locust) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, monosperma (Water Locust) Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

,, sinensis (Syn. G. ferox, G. horrida) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

,, triacanthos (Honey Locust) Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern United States

Griselinia littoralis Evergreen tree or shrub 20 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England New Zealand

,, lucida Evergreen tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Gymnocladus canadensis (Kentucky Coffee Tree) Tree 50 ft. Needs good deep soil North America

,, chinensis Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

Hymenanthera crassifolia Shrub 3 ft. Succeeds in fairly moist peaty soil New Zealand

Idesia polycarpa Tree 20 ft. Deep open loam, shelter from strong winds Japan

Ilex ambigua (Syn. Prinos ambigua) Shrub 4 to 5 ft. Ordinary soil and position Southern United States

,, Amelanchier (Syn. Prinos lanceolata) Shrub 6 to 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, Aquifolium (Common Holly) Evergreen tree 10 to 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, ,, angustifolium (Narrow-leaved Holly) Evergreen tree or shrub ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, argenteo marginata (Silver Variegated Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *argenteo pendula (Weeping Silver Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *aureo-marginata (Golden Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, ferox (Hedgehog Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, ,, aurea (Golden Hedgehog Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *fructo luteo (Yellow-berried Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *handsworthensis (Handsworth Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *hodginsii ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, laurifolia var. nova, large leaves ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, pendula tricolor (Weeping Variegated Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, watereriana (Waterer's Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, cornuta Evergreen shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

,, *crenata (Japanese Holly) Evergreen shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, ,, variegata ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, glabra (Syn. Prinos glaber), (Ink Berry) Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern United States

,, lævigata (Syn. Prinos lævigatus) Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, latifolia (Large-leaved Holly) Evergreen tree 20 ft. Needs protection of a wall in most parts of England Japan

,, opaca Evergreen tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position Eastern United States

,, rotunda (Round-leaved Holly) ,, ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, *Wilsoni A splendid Holly, with large dark-green leaves and big crimson berries

Juglans californica (Californian Walnut) Tree 30 ft. Good deep loam, rather dry California

,, *cinerea (Butter Nut) Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, mandshurica

,, nigra (Black Walnut) Tree 60 ft. Good deep loam, rather dry North America

,, *regia (Common Walnut) ,, ,, ,, ,, Caucasus to Himalaya

,, ,, and varieties Trees ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, rupestris Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Western United States

,, sieboldiana (Syn. J. ailantifolia) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

Kadsura chinensis (Syn. K. japonica) Evergreen shrub 6 ft. A good wall-plant China and Japan

Lardizabala biternata Evergreen climber 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Chili

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

*Laurus nobilis (Sweet Bay) Evergreen tree 20 to 40 ft. Needs a sheltered position Mediterranean region

Lindera Benzoin (Syn. Laurus Benzoin), (Spice Bush) Shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, and moist peaty soil United States

,, glauca Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, hypoglauca Shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, obtusiloba Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, sericea (Syn. Benzoin sericeum) Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

Liquidambar orientalis (Syn. L. imberbe) Tree 15 ft. Ordinary soil and position Asia Minor

,, *styraciflua (Sweet Gum) Tree 40 to 50 ft. Beautiful colour in Autumn United States

Maclura aurantiaca (Osage Orange) Tree 15 to 40 ft. Perfectly hardy only in South of England Southern United States

*Morus alba (White Mulberry) Tree 20 to 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position Temperate Asia

,, ,, pendula (Weeping Mulberry) ...... ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, and varieties ...... ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, *nigra (Common Mulberry) Tree 20 to 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Persia

,, rubra (Red Mulberry) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

*Myrica asplenifolia (Syn. Comptonia asplenifolia), (Sweet Fern) Shrub 4 ft. Moist sandy peat ,,

,, californica (Californian Wax Myrtle) Sub-evergreen 20 ft. Ordinary soil in a sheltered spot California

,, cerifera Evergreen shrub 8 to 10 ft. Needs moist peaty soil. This and M. Gale should be planted by lake, pond, or stream margin United States

,, *Gale (Sweet Gale) Shrub 3 ft. with scented foliage ,, ,, ,, Northern Hemisphere

Nandina domestica Evergreen shrub 6 ft. Hardy only in south and west of England China and Japan

Nyssa aquatica (Syn. N. biflora), (Tupelo tree) Tree 40 ft. Needs moist peaty soil Southern United States

,, *sylvatica (Syn. N. multiflora) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

*Osmanthus Aquifolium Evergreen shrub 5 to 10 ft. Valuable evergreen; ordinary soil Japan

,, ,, *ilicifolius ,, ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, *purpureus ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *variegatus ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

Ostrya carpinifolia (Syn. O. vulgaris), (Hop Hornbeam) Tree 30 to 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position South Europe

Ostrya virginica Tree 20 to 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

Paliurus australis (Syn. P. aculeatus), (Christ Thorn), (P. Spina Christi) Shrub 8 ft. Light warm soil and position South Europe

*Parrotia persica (Iron tree) Shrub 12 ft. Light warm soil and position, brilliant leaf colour in Autumn Persia

Phellodendron amurense Tree 30 ft. Light warm soil and position Amurland

Phillyræas These grow in various soils, from light and sandy ones to heavy loam. Grow them on their own roots.

,, angustifolia Evergreen shrub 8 to 10 ft. Light warm soil and position. Flowers in April and May. Best known variety is Rosmarinifolia, which has narrower leaves than the type Mediterranean region

,, *decora (Syn. P. vilmoriniana) Evergreen shrub 5 ft. Light warm soil and position, a valuable evergreen shrub. A plant at Kew is 5½ feet high and 13 ft. through; its flowers are white, fragrant, and appear in May. Asia Minor (Lazistan)

,, latifolia Evergreen will grow 20 ft. high. Several varieties are known, P. l. var. ilicifolia, with smaller and P. l. var. rotundifolia, with rounder leaves, are most often seen. Light warm soil and position Mediterranean region

,, media Evergreen shrub 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Photinia benthamiana Evergreen shrub 10 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England China

,, serrulata (Chinese Hawthorn) Evergreen shrub 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, variabilis (Syn. Pourthiœa arguta) Evergreen shrub 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, China and Japan

*Platanus acerifolia Tree 60 to 70 ft. Good town tree, ordinary soil Orient

,, cuneata ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, occidentalis (Western Plane) Tree 70 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, orientalis (Eastern Plane) Tree 60 to 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, Orient

*Populus alba (Abele or White Poplar) Tree 60 to 100 ft. Needs fairly moist soil Europe and Asia

,, angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Poplar) Tree 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, balsamifera (Balsam Poplar) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, canescens (Grey Poplar) Tree 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, *deltoidea (Syn. P. canadensis), (Canadian Poplar) ,, ,, ,, ,, North America

,, *deltoidea aurea (Golden-leaved Canadian Poplar) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, Fremontei Tree 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, California

,, grandidentata Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, heterophylla Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, laurifolia Tree 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern Siberia

,, nigra (Black Poplar) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, ,, *fastigiata (Lombardy Poplar) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, Sieboldii Tree 20 to 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, Simonii Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

,, suaveolens Tree 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, *tremula (Aspen) Tree 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, pendula (Weeping Aspen) Weeping Tree ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, tremuloides Weeping tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, ,, *pendula (Syn. P. juliana pendula) Weeping Tree ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, trichocarpa Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Western North America

,, tristis Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, North-East Asia

Ptelea trifoliata (Hop tree) Small tree 8 to 9 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America

*Pterocarya caucasica (Syn. P. fraxinifolia) Tree 30 ft. Good deep loam, rather dry; starts early, so catkins and leaves sometimes get injured by frost Caucasus

,, rhoifolia Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, stenoptera Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

PTEROCARYA CAUCASICA AT CLAREMONT, ESHER. (Largest specimen in England. Height 45 ft., girth of stem 3 ft., from the ground 17 ft., spread of branches 110 yards).

THE CORK OAK (Quercus Suber) AT SWALLOWFIELD PARK.

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

Quercus acuta (Syn. Q. Buergerii) Evergreen tree 10 ft. Ordinary soil and position Japan

,, ,, alba (White Oak) Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, bicolor ,, Fairly moist soil ,,

,, *castaneæfolia (Chestnut-leaved Oak) ,, Ordinary soil and position Caucasus and Asia Minor

,, Cerris (Turkey Oak) Tree 50 to 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, South and East Europe

,, ,, fulhamensis (Fulham Oak) Sub-evergreen tree 50 to 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, *laciniata (Syn. asplenifolia) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, lucombeana (Lucombe Oak) Sub-evergreen 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, cinerea Tree 30 ft. Needs fairly moist loamy soil Southern United States

,, coccifera (Syn. Q. kermesina) Evergreen tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Mediterranean region

,, *coccinea (Scarlet Oak) Tree 50 ft. Very handsome, leaves in autumn brilliant scarlet North America

,, *conferta (Q. pannonica), (Hungarian Oak) Tree 30 ft. Handsome; very quick in growth; leaves deeply lobed Italy and Austria

,, cuneata (Syns. Q. triloba, Q. falcata) Tree 80 ft. Needs fairly moist loamy soil North America

,, *cuspidata Evergreen tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, *dentata (Syn. Q. Daimyo) Tree 30 ft. Needs good loamy soil, fairly moist ,,

,, garryana Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, North-West America

,, *glabra (Japanese Oak) Evergreen shrub 10 ft. Handsome, large leaves, a good evergreen oak Japan

,, glauca Evergreen tree 30 ft. Needs good loamy soil, fairly moist ,,

,, heterophylla Tree 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position United States

,, *Ilex (Evergreen or Holm Oak) Evergreen 20 to 40 ft. Good deep sandy loam; very handsome Mediterranean region

,, ,, and varieties Evergreen, various heights ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, imbricaria Tree 40 to 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position United States

,, Kelloggii Tree 70 ft. Fairly moist soil, sheltered position Oregon and California

,, lanuginosa Tree 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position Europe and West. Asia

,, laurifolia (Syn. Q. obtusa) Tree 80 ft. Needs moist soil. Very handsome United States

,, Libani Tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position Asia Minor

,, lobata Tree 80 ft. Fairly moist soil, sheltered position California

,, lusitanica Tree 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, South Europe and Asia Minor

,, *macrocarpa (Burr Oak) Tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America

,, marilandica Tree 30 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, United States

,, Michauxii Tree 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

,, Mirbeckii Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Spain, Portugal, and North Africa

,, nigra Tree 25 ft. Fairly moist soil Southern United States

,, *palustris (Pin Oak) Tree 60 ft. Leaves charming in Spring and Autumn United States

,, pedunculata (Syn. Q. Robur pedunculata), (British Oak) Tree 50 to 100 ft. Ordinary soil and position Europe and Asia

,, *pedunculata Concordia (Golden-leaved British Oak) Tree 20 ft. Ordinary soil and position; very handsome golden-leaved tree Garden form

,, pedunculata fastigiata Tree 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position Garden form

,, ,, heterophylla Tree 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, pendula (Weeping Oak) Tree ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, purpurascens Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, *Phellos (Willow Oak) ,, ,, ,, ,, United States

,, phillyræoides Evergreen tree 15 ft. Fairly moist soil, sheltered spot Japan

,, pontica Tree or shrub 15 ft. Ordinary soil and position Asia Minor

,, prinoides Tree 20 to 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, United States

,, Prinos Tree 70 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern North America

,, Pseudo-suber Sub-evergreen tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, sheltered spot South Europe

,, pumila Spreading shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern United States

,, reticulata Evergreen shrub 10 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England New Mexico and Arizona

,, *rubra (Champion Oak) Tree 60 to 80 ft. Ordinary soil and position; brilliant Autumn colour; very handsome North America

,, serrata Tree 20 to 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position China and Japan

,, sessiliflora Tree 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe, West Asia

,, ,, and varieties Trees various ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, ,, stellata Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, United States

,, Suber (Cork Oak) Evergreen tree 25 ft. Rather more tender than the Holm Oak (gives the cork of commerce) South Europe, North Africa

,, Toza (Syn. Q. Tauzin) Tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position South-west Europe

,, Turneri (Syn. Q. austriaca sempervirens, Q. glandulifera) Sub-evergreen tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden origin

,, undulata Tree 20 ft. Ordinary soil and sheltered spot Western North America

,, velutina Tree 70 to 80 ft. ,, and position North America

EVERGREEN OAKS. (Frogmore.)

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

*Rhamnus Alaternus Evergreen shrub or tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, South-west Europe

,, alnifolius (Alder-leaved Buckthorn) Shrub 2 to 4 ft. Moist peaty soil United States

,, alpinus (Alpine Buckthorn) Shrub 4 ft. Ordinary soil and position Alpine regions

,, californicus (Californian Buckthorn) Evergreen shrub 10 ft. ,, and sheltered position California

,, carolinianus Shrub 6 to 8 ft. Ordinary soil and position Southern United States

,, catharticus Shrub 5 to 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and Asia

,, davuricus Shrub 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, Siberia

,, Frangula Shrub 5 to 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, infectorius Shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, South Europe

,, libanoticus Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Asia Minor and Syria

,, *purshianus (Syn. R. rubra) Shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, California

,, saxatilis Shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, tinctorius Shrub 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and Asia

Rhus aromatica ,, ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

,, copallina Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern United States

,, Cotinus (Venetian, Sumach, Wig Tree, Smoke Bush) Shrub 6 to 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, *cotinoides Shrub 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, *glabra (Syn. R. coccinea) Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, United States

,, ,, *laciniata Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, Osbeckei Tree 20 ft. ,, and sheltered position China and Japan

,, succedanea Shrub 10 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England ,,

,, Toxicodendron (Syn. Ampelopsis japonica), (Poison Oak, Poison Ivy), (Syn. Ampelopsis Hoggii) Twining shrub 20 ft. Ordinary soil and position. Very poisonous North America and Japan

,, *typhina (Stag's-horn Sumach) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern United States

,, venenata (Syn. R. vernix), (Poison Sumach) Shrub 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, Very poisonous ,,

,, vernicifera Tree 25 ft. ,, sheltered position China and Japan

*Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher's Broom) Evergreen shrub 2 ft. Will grow well under the shade of trees Europe

,, *Hypoglossum Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, South Europe and North Africa

,, Hypophyllum ,, ,, ,, ,, South-west Europe

Ruta graveolens Shrub 3 ft. Sandy loam, sunny spot South Europe

Salix alba (White Willow) Tree 60 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Europe and Asia

,, ,, *britzensis (Cardinal Willow) Tree 25 ft. Brilliant bark, colour very effective Garden form

,, ,, *vitellina (Golden-barked Willow) ,, Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places ,,

,, ambigua Shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, aurita Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern North America

,, babylonica (Babylonian Weeping Willow) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, ,, annularis ,, ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, cæsia (Syn. S. prostrata), (Grey-leaved Willow) Shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, Switzerland

,, Caprea (Goat Willow) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, ,, *pendula (Kilmarnock Willow) Weeping ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, cinerea Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, cordata Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, cuspidata Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, daphnoides (Violet Willow) Tree 10 to 20 ft. Very beautiful yellow catkins, robust ,,

,, decipiens Tree 30 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places ,,

,, doniana Shrub 5 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, fragilis (Syn. S. russelliana), (Crack Willow) Tree 60 to 70 ft. Very beautiful willow Europe and North Asia

,, ,, basfordiana Tree 25 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Garden form

,, hastata Shrub 6 to 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, herbacea Shrub 2 to 3 in. A good rockwork plant ,,

,, hexandra Tree 20 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Europe

,, humilis Shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, lanata Shrub 4 ft. ,, ,, ,, Arctic Europe

,, Lapponum (Lapland Willow) Shrub 1 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, lasiandra Shrub 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, Western United States

,, *laurina (Syn. S. bicolor) Shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, lucida Shrub 10 to 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, Myrsinites Shrub 6 in. to 1 ft. A good rockwork plant North Hemisphere

,, myrtilloides (Syn. S. elegans) Shrub 2 to 4 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places ,,

,, nigra (Black Willow) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, nigricans Tree 10 to 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, Tyrol

,, *pentandra Shrub 8 to 9 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, petiolaris (Syn. S. fuscata) Shrub 8 to 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, phylicifolia Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, Tyrol

,, purpurea (Syn. S. fissa), (Purple Willow) Shrub 8 to 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, ,, *pendula (Syn. S. americana pendula), (American Weeping Willow) Shrub Weeping ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, repens Shrub 1 ft. Will grow in dry sandy soils Europe and North Asia

,, ,, *argentea (Syn. S. sericea pendula) Shrub Weeping Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Garden form

,, reticulata Shrub 6 in. A good rockwork plant Arctic regions

,, retusa Shrub 6 in. to 1 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, *rosmarinifolia (Rosemary-leaved Willow) Shrub 2 to 4 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places. Very charming Europe

,, rubra Tree 10 to 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, sieboldiana Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, smithiana (Syn. S. pannosa) Shrub 5 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, stipularis Tree 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, triandra Tree 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, undulata (Syn. S. lanceolata) Shrub 12 to 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, viminalis (Syn. S. longifolia), (Twiggy Willow) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, North Europe and Asia

,, viridis ,, ,, ,, ,, Europe

*Sambucus nigra aurea (Golden-leaved Elder) Tree 25 ft. Ordinary soil and position, full sun Garden form

,, ,, laciniata (Cut-leaved Elder) ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, racemosa (Scarlet-berried Elder) Tree 10 to 15 ft. Needs a fairly cool moist soil North Hemisphere

,, ,, *plumosa Tree 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, ,, *aurea Tree 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, serratifolia Tree 10 to 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *tenuifolia Shrub 6 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.

Santolina Chamæcyparissus (Lavender Cotton) Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft. Grows well in dry sandy soils South Europe

,, rosmarinifolia Evergreen shrub 2 ft. ,, ,, ,, Spain and Portugal

,, viridis Evergreen shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, South Europe

Sarcococca Hookeriana Evergreen shrub 4 ft. Hardy only in the South and West of England Himalaya

Sassafras officinale (Syn. Laurus Sassafras) (The Sassafras tree) Tree 15 to 25 ft. Needs fairly moist soil, sheltered position United States

Schizandra chinensis Twining shrub 20 ft. Succeeds best as a wall plant China and Japan

Smilax aspera Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft. Should be trained to a wall or trellis. Needs shelter Mediterranean region

,, ,, maculata Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, Bona-nox (Syn. S. hastata) Twining evergreen shrub 5 to 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

,, China Twining evergreen shrub 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, China

,, excelsa Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, Syria

,, glauca (Syn. S. Sarsaparilla) Twining evergreen shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, rotundifolia (Syn. S. caduca) Twining deciduous shrub 8 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, tamnoides Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

Stachyurus præcox Small tree 10 to 12 ft. Moist soil and sheltered spot. Early flowering China and Japan

Stauntonia hexaphylla Evergreen twiner 20 ft. Needs the protection of a wall in the London district ,,

Stephanandra flexuosa (Syn. S. incisa) Shrub 5 ft. Ordinary soil and position ,,

,, Tanakæ Shrub 3 ft. Reddish-brown stems in winter Japan

Stranvæsia glaucescens Evergreen tree 20 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England Himalaya

Symplocos cratægoides Small tree 15 ft. Needs sheltered spot Himalaya to Japan

,, japonica (Syn. S. lucida) Shrub 10 ft. ,, ,, ,, China and Japan

,, tinctoria Shrub 3 ft. ,, ,, ,, Southern United States

Taxus (Yew). See pp. 92, 123, 326

Teucrium fruticans (Free Germander) Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft. Needs sheltered spot and light soil South Europe

Tilia americana (Syn. T. glabra), (American Lime) Tree 60 to 70 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America

,, *argentea (Syn. T. americana pubescens), (Silver Lime) Tree 30 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern Europe

,, cordata (Syn. T. microphylla) ,, ,, ,, ,, Eastern North America

,, *dasystyla (Syn. T. euchlora) ,, Distinct upright growth; leaves curled somewhat. Very valuable South-Eastern United States

,, heterophylla (Syn. T. macrophylla) ,, Ordinary soil and position North America

,, mandshurica Tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Manchuria

,, miqueliana (Japanese Lime) Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, *petiolaris (Syn. T. alba pendula), (White Weeping Lime) Tree 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern Europe

,, *platyphyllos (Syn. T. europæa) Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

,, ,, and varieties Various heights ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, pubescens (Syn. T. leptophylla) Tree 50 to 70 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern United States

,, vulgaris (Syn. T. hybrida), (Common Lime) Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe

*Trachycarpus excelsus (Syn. Chamærops excelsa) Evergreen palm 20 ft. Good deep loam, shelter from rough winds Japan

Ulmus alata (Cork-winged Elm) Tree 30 to 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position Southern United States

,, americana (American Elm) Tree 80 to 90 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, ,, pendula (American Weeping Elm) Weeping tree ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, campestris (Common Elm) Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and Asia

,, ,, *aurea (Golden-leaved Elm) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, *microphylla pendula Weeping tree ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, suberosa Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, viminalis (Twiggy Elm) Tree 25 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, fulva (Syn. U. rubra) Tree 50 to 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, montana (Scotch or Wych Elm) Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Europe and North Asia

,, ,, aurea Tree 30 to 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, Garden form

,, ,, crispa Tree 30 to 40 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *Dampieri aurea Tree 25 to 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, fastigiata Tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, *pendula Weeping tree ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, purpurea (Purple-leaved Elm) Tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, ,,

,, ,, and other varieties Various heights ,, ,, ,, Garden forms

,, parviflora (Syn. U. chinensis) Small tree 10 to 12 ft. ,, ,, ,, China and Japan

,, pumila Small tree 10 to 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, North Asia

,, racemosa Tree 50 to 60 ft. ,, ,, ,, North America

,, turkestanica (Turkestan Elm) Tree 40 to 50 ft. ,, ,, ,, Turkestan

Xanthoxylum americanum (Toothache tree) Shrub 10 to 20 ft. ,, ,, ,, United States

,, planispinum Shrub 10 to 15 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

Zelkowa acuminata Tree 50 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Japan

,, crenata Tree 60 to 80 ft. ,, ,, ,, Caucasus

,, Verschaffelti (Syn. Ulmus Verschaffelti) Tree 30 ft. ,, ,, ,, Eastern Europe and Asia Minor

DOVASTON YEW ON STEEP BANK.