← Table of contents
Torpedoes and Torpedo Warfare

INDEX.

Reading edition

A.

Abel, experiments by Professor, 207

Abel's detonation experiments, 216

—— high tension fuzes, 37

—— mechanical primer, 23

Action, chemical, 269

—— ——, in a Daniell cell, 274

—— —— single fluid cell, 273

Adjustments of Whitehead's fish torpedo, the, 136

Admiral Porter's torpedo ship Alarm, 159

—— ——, the armament of, 160

Adoption of the fish torpedo, the invention and, 131

Advantages of electrical submarine mines, the, 28

—— —— mechanical mines, the, 17

Agents, torpedo explosive, 217

Air pump, the, 260

Alarm, Admiral Porter's torpedo ship, 159

Albemarle, destruction of the, 191

Aluta, the Russian torpedo boat attack off the, 200

American Civil War, the, 189

—— ——, mechanical mines in the, 16

—— ——, torpedoes during the, 115

—— ——, submarine mines during the, 27

—— extempore drifting torpedoes, 119

Apparatus, directions for using the diving, 261

——, firing keys and shutter, 80

——, Siemens' electric light, 241

—— ——, conducting wires for, 247

—— ——, rotation of armatures in, 246

—— ——, wear and tear of, 247

——, the shutter, 82

—— used with a circuit breaker, shutter, 83

Application of Ohm's law, the, 276

—— —— the electric light, the, 256

Arcs, firing by intersectional, 71

Argus, Fulton's attempt against the, 6

Armatures in Siemens' electric light apparatus, rotation of, 246

Armoured cables, single cored, 43

Armstrong's system of electrical testing, 107

Arrangement of earth plates, Brown's, 100

—— —— wires in McEvoy's spar torpedo, 155

Arrangements, Steward's safety cock, 25

Astatic galvanometer, the, 87

Attack with Harvey's torpedoes, methods of, 127

Attacks, boat torpedo, 191

—— ——, methods of protecting ships against, 180

Austrian method of mooring, the, 56

—— —— testing, the, 109

—— self-acting circuit closers, 64

—— testing table, the, 108

—— torpedo experiments, 220

—— —— launches, Thornycroft's, 165

—— war, torpedo operations during the, 192

Austro-Italian war, torpedo operations during the, 188

Automatic arrangements, 10

—— electric lamps, 248

B.

Balance, Wheatstone's, 97

—— ——, manipulation of, 99

—— ——, measurement of resistances by, 98

Barrel torpedoes, 19

Batoum, Russian torpedo boat attack at, 195, 202

Batteries, bichromate, 77

——, double fluid, 274

——, firing, 75

Batteries, Leclanché's Voltaic, 77

——, Menotti test, 79

——, signalling, 78

—— ——, Daniell's, 78

——, single and double fluid, 272

——, telegraph, 79

——, Voltaic, 79

——, Von Ebner's, 76

Battery test for electro-motive force, Voltaic, 105

—— —— internal resistance, Voltaic, 104

—— —— potential, Voltaic, 104

Beardslee's high tension fuze, 36

—— joint, 46

Bearings, firing by cross, 70

Bichromate batteries, 77

Boat, Bushnell's submarine, 2, 184

——, Confederate submarine, 185

——, experiment at Cherbourg, torpedo, 170

——, French submarine, a, 185

——, Lay torpedo, the, 141

—— ——, capabilities of the, 147

—— ——, clearing obstructions with the, 151

—— ——, improved form of the, 153

—— ——, launching the, 147

—— ——, method of sinking and raising the, 149

—— ——, used as a tug, 150

—— —— to clear away mines, 152

——, Lightning, Thornycroft's torpedo, 168

——, torpedo, attack at Batoum, 195, 202

—— —— Rustchuk, 200

—— —— Soukoum Kaleh, 201

—— —— Soulina, 198

—— —— off Matchin, 196

—— —— the Aluta, 200

—— ——, the final, 203

—— ——, attacks, 180, 191

—— ——, methods of protecting ships against, 180

—— ——, protective, Fosberry's patent, 182

Boats, submarine, 183

—— ——, qualifications essential to, 184

——, torpedo, 162

—— ——, English, 173

—— ——, Herreshoff's, 178

—— ——, ordinary type of, 179

—— ——, Schibau's Russian, 178

—— ——, Spanish, 175

—— ——, Thornycroft's, 163

—— ——, Yarrow's, 172

Booms, construction of, 110

——, defence of harbours by, 110

Boots for divers, 261

Boxes, junction, 51

—— ——, for multiple cables, 52

—— —— single cored cables, 52

——, resistance, 97

Brakes for Harvey's torpedoes, 123

Breaker, the circuit, 62

Breast-plate for divers, 260

Brook's torpedoes, 19

Brown's arrangement of earth plates, 100

Buoys for Harvey's torpedoes, 122

Bushnell, the inventor of torpedoes, 2

Bushnell's drifting torpedoes, 2

—— mode of ignition, 2

—— submarine boat, 2, 184

C.

Cable, Colt's electric, 7

—— cutters, Fulton's, 5

Cables, circuit closer, 42

——, creeping for electric, 112

——, defects observed in the conductivity of, 103

——, Hooper's, 41

——, insulated electric, 38

——, insulation test for electric, 102

——, jointing electric, 44

——, junction boxes for multiple, 52

—— —— single cored, 52

——, land service, 43

——, multiple, 42

——, sea service, 43

——, Siemens' electric, 40

——, Silvertown electric, 41

——, single cored armoured, 42

—— —— unarmoured, 43

——, special, 43

——, test of electrical resistance of, 104

Cairo, the loss of the, 189

Calland and Marié-Davy batteries, description of the, 275

Capabilities of Lay's torpedo boat, 147

—— —— Whitehead's fish torpedo, 134

Carlscrona, experiments with countermines at, 237

——, torpedo experiments at, 220, 224, 232

Case, conical-shaped torpedo, 32

——, cylindrical-shaped torpedo, 32

——, form and construction of torpedo, 31

——, spherical-shaped torpedo, 32

Cell, action in a single fluid, 273

——, chemical action of a Daniell, 274

——, definition and properties of a Voltaic, 269

——, description of a Menotti, 78

——, tests for insulation, sea, 106

—— ——, sea, 100

Charges, size of torpedo, 218

Chatham, torpedo experiments at, 220

Chemical action, 269

—— fuzes, 23

—— ——, defects of, 24

Cherbourg, torpedo boat experiment at, 170

Circuit breakers, 62

—— closer cables, 43

—— closers, Austrian self-acting, 64

—— ——, electro-contact mine, 63

—— ——, Mathieson's inertia, 61

—— ——, improvements in, 63

—— —— spiral spring, 63

—— ——, McEvoy's mercury, 65

—— —— weight magneto, 66

—— ——, the use of, 60

——, closing the electric, 60

—— resistances, 276

——, short, 268

——, the electric, 267

Civil war, torpedo operations during the American, 189

——, torpedoes in the American, 115

Clearing a passage through torpedo defences, 111

Coil galvanometer, the three, 88

Colt, experiments by Colonel, 7

Colt's electric cable, 7

—— reflector, 7

Commodore Jones, the loss of the, 189

Commutators or switch plates, 96

Comparing electro-motive forces, 94

Composition, Rain's detonating, 23

Compounds, explosive, 208

Concentration of the electric light, 251

Condenser, definition of a, 279

Conductivity of cables, defects observed in the, 103

——, test of platinum wire fuze for, 101

Conductors, 266

Confederate submarine boat, 185

Connections of switch plates, 100

Construction of booms, 110

—— —— torpedo case, 31

Copenhagen, torpedo experiments at, 223

Countermining, 112

Countermines, experiments with, 235

—— —— at Carlscrona, 237

—— —— Stokes Bay, 236

—— —— in the Medway, 236

Coupling dynamo-electric machines, methods of, 254

Creeping for electric cables, 112

Crimean war, submarine mines during the, 27

—— ——, torpedo operations during the, 187

Crinoline for divers, 261

Cross bearings, firing by, 70

Current, direction of, 272

——, measuring the intensity of a, 95

——, the Voltaic, 270

D.

Daniell's signalling battery, 78

Defects observed in the conductivity of cables, 103

—— of chemical fuses, 24

—— electrical submarine mines, 29

Defence of harbours by booms, 110

——, ship, 10

Defences, clearing a passage through torpedo, 111

Defensive purposes, Harvey's torpedo for, 129

—— torpedo operations, Russian, 193

—— ——, Turkish, 193

—— —— warfare, 13

Definition and properties of a Voltaic cell, 269

—— of a condenser, 279

—— potential, 270

—— the ohm, 281

—— —— term explosion, 204

—— —— explosive force, 204

—— —— polarization, 273

Description of a frictional electric machine, 278

—— —— series of firing keys, 81

—— —— Yarrow's torpedo boat, 172

—— —— Calland's and Marié-Davy's batteries, 275

—— —— Siemens' electric light apparatus, 241

—— —— Whitehead's fish torpedo, 133

Destroyer, Ericsson's torpedo vessel, 160

Destruction of passive obstructions, the, 113

—— —— the Albemarle, 191

—— —— Duba Saife, 197

—— —— Suna, 194

Detector galvanometer, the, 88

Detonating composition, Rain's, 23

Detonation, 206

—— experiments, Abel's, 216

——, theory of, 206

Dielectric, gutta percha as a, 38

——, meaning of, 279

Differential galvanometer, the, 88

Direction of current, 272

Directions for using the diving apparatus, 261

Discharge test, the, 103

Disconnector, the, 53

Diver, dressing the, 262

Divers, boots for, 261

——, breast plate for, 260

——, crinoline for, 261

——, helmet for, 260

——, ladder for, 260

Diving, 259

—— dress, the, 260

——, signals employed in, 263

Dorothea, Fulton's destruction of the, 4

Double fluid batteries, 274

—— ——, single and, 272

Drifting torpedoes, 116

—— ——, American extempore, 119

—— ——, Bushnell's, 2

—— ——, Fulton's, 5

—— ——, Lewis's, 117

—— ——, McEvoy's, 118

Dualin, 216

Duba Saife, destruction of the, 197

Duplex spar torpedo, McEvoy's, 154

—— ——, arrangement of wires in, 155

Dutch torpedo launches, Thornycroft's, 168

—— ——, Yarrow's, 172

Dynamite, 211

Dynamo-electric machines, methods of coupling, 254

—— machine, Siemens' low tension, 75

E.

Earth plates, Browne's arrangement of, 100

Effect compared, explosive force and, 204

Efficiency of Thornycroft's boat engines, 171

Electric cables, creeping for, 112

—— ——, Hooper's, 41

—— ——, insulated, 38

—— ——, insulation test for, 102

—— ——, jointing, 44

—— ——, Siemens', 40

—— ——, Silvertown, 41

—— circuit, closing the, 60

Electric circuit, the, 267

—— fuses, 33

—— lamps, automatic, 248

—— ——, Siemens' patent, 248

—— light apparatus, Siemens', 241

—— ——, conducting wires for, 247

—— ——, light produced by, 244

—— ——, rotation of armatures in, 246

—— ——, wear and tear of, 247

—— ——, application of the, 256

—— ——, concentration of the, 251

—— ——, precautions in manipulating, 252

—— ——, self-acting shunt for Siemens', 245

—— ——, the, 239

—— machine, description of a frictional, 278

—— machines, methods of coupling dynamo, 254

Electrical resistance of cables, test of the, 104

—— resistances, measuring, 93

—— submarine mines, 10, 27

—— ——, advantages of, 28

—— ——, defects of, 22

—— ——, mooring, 54

—— ——, rules for using, 29

—— test of insulated joints, 104

—— testing, Armstrong's system of, 107

—— tests, 85

Electricity, frictional, 278

——, methods of generating, 269

——, theory of, 265

Electro-contact mines, circuit closers for, 63

Electrolytes, 271

Electro-positive and electro-negative, the terms, 271

Electro-magnet, the, 281

Electro-mechanical mines, Russian, 68

Electrometers, 86

——, Thomson's quadrant, 86

Electro-motive force, 270

—— ——, Voltaic battery test for, 105

—— forces, comparing, 94

Employment of torpedo ships, the, 158

Engines, efficiency of Thornycroft's boat, 171

England, torpedo experiments in, 222

English service platinum wire fuse, the, 33

—— torpedo boats, Yarrow's, 173

Ericsson's torpedo vessel Destroyer, 160

Experiment at Cherbourg, torpedo boat, 170

—— with a torpedo boat, flotation, 171

Experiments, Abel's detonation, 216

—— by Professor Abel, 207

—— —— Roux and Sarrau, 207

——, Colt's torpedo, 7

——, Fulton's practical, 5

——, torpedo, at Carlscrona, 220, 224, 232

—— —— Chatham, 220

—— —— Copenhagen, 223

—— —— Kiel, 222

—— —— Pola, 231

—— —— Portsmouth, 229, 233

—— ——, Fulton's French, 3

—— ——, in Austria, 220

—— —— England, 222

—— —— Turkey, 232

—— with countermines, 235

—— —— at Carlscrona, 237

—— —— Stokes Bay, 236

—— —— in the Medway, 236

Explosion, definition of the term, 204

Explosive agents, torpedo, 217

—— compounds, 208

—— force and effect compared, 204

—— ——, definition of the term, 204

—— mixtures, 208

—— substance, physical state of the, 204

Explosions, illustrated torpedo, 218

Extempore drifting torpedoes, American, 119

—— high tension fuzes, 37

—— ——, Fisher's, 37

—— mechanical mine, 21

F.

Failure of offensive torpedoes, the, 8

Fastest vessel in the world, the, 177

Final Russian torpedo boat attack, the, 203

Firing batteries, 75

—— by cross bearings, 70

—— —— intersectional arcs, 71

—— —— observation, 69

—— —— preconcerted signal, 71

—— Harvey's torpedoes, mode of, 121

—— keys, 80

—— ——, description of a series of, 81

—— ——, Morse, 81

——, mode of, 205

—— ——, in 1829, 6

—— Whitehead torpedoes, Thornycroft's method of, 140

Fish torpedo, adjustments of Whitehead's, 136

—— ——, description of the, 133

—— ——, invention and adoption of the, 131

—— ——, methods of projecting the, 138

—— ——, the mode of ignition of the, 135

Fish torpedoes in war, employment of, 133

—— ——, Thornycroft's method of firing, 140

—— ——, Woolwich, 140

Fisher's extempore high tension fuze, 37

Floating torpedoes, 116

Flotation experiment with a torpedo boat, 171

Fluid batteries, double, 274

—— ——, single and double, 272

Fluid cell, action in a single, 273

Force compared, explosive effect and, 204

——, definition of the term explosive, 204

——, electro-motive, 270

——, Voltaic battery test for electro-motive, 105

Forces, comparing electro-motive, 94

Fore and aft mooring, 56

Form of Lay's torpedo boat, an improved, 153

—— —— torpedo case, 31

Fosberry's patent torpedo boat protective, 182

Frame torpedoes, 18

Frames, projecting, 111

Franco-German war, torpedo operations during the, 192

—— ——, torpedoes in the, 13

French submarine boat Plongeur, 185

—— torpedo launches, Thornycroft's, 165, 169

—— towing torpedoes, 131

Frictional electric machine, description of a, 278

—— electricity, 278

Fulminate of mercury, 215

Fulton, Robert, 2

Fulton's attempt against the Argus, 6

—— block ship, 5

—— cable cutters, 5

—— destruction of the Dorothea, 4

—— drifting torpedoes, 5

—— failures, 2

—— French torpedo experiments, 3

—— harpoon torpedoes, 5

—— practical experiments, 5

—— return to America, 4

—— spar torpedoes, 5

—— stationary submarine mines, 5

Fuzes, Abel's, 37

——, Beardslee's, 35

——, chemical, 23

——, defects of chemical, 24

——, electric, 33

——, extempore, 37

——, extempore, Fisher's, 37

—— for conductivity, test of platinum wire, 101

——, high tension, 34

——, improved form of Jacobi's, 24

——, McEvoy's percussion, 24

——, percussion, 23

——, platinum wire, 33

——, ——, English service, 33

——, ——, McEvoy's, 34

——, sensitive, 23

——, Statham's, 35

——, test of resistance of platinum wire, 101

——, testing high tension, 102

——, Von Ebner's, 36

G.

Galvanometer, astatic, 87

——, detector, 88

——, differential, 88

——, tables, Siemens' universal, 287

——, thermo, 89

——, Thomson's reflecting, 87

——, three coil, 88

——, universal, Siemens', 89

Generating electricity, methods of, 269

German torpedo vessel Uhlan, the, 158

Gun, the Nordenfelt torpedo, 257

——, Hotchkiss torpedo, 259

Gun-cotton, 212

Gunpowder, 208

Guns, torpedo, 257

Gutta-percha as a dielectric, 38

H.

Harbours by booms, defence of, 110

Harpoon torpedoes, Fulton's, 5

Harvey's towing torpedo, 119

—— ——, brakes for, 123

—— ——, buoys for, 122

—— ——, for defensive purposes, 129

—— ——, launching, 123

—— ——, methods of attack with, 127

—— ——, mode of firing, 121

—— ——, tactics with, 127

—— ——, the value of, 129

Helmet for divers, 260

Herreshoff's torpedo boats, 178

High tension fuzes, 102

Hooper's electric cables, 41

—— material, 39

Horsley's powder, 216

Hotchkiss torpedo gun, the, 259

I.

Ignition, Bushnell's mode of, 2

—— of Whitehead's fish torpedo, mode of, 135

Illustrated torpedo explosions, 218

Improved form of Lay's torpedo, an, 153

India rubber tube joint, the, 45

Inertia circuit closer, Mathieson's, 61

—— ——, improvements in, 63

Instrument and observing telescope, shutter, 84

Instruments used in testing, 85

Insulated electric cables, 38

—— joints, electrical test of, 104

Insulation, sea cell tests for, 106

—— test for electric cables, 102

Insulators, 268

Intensity of a current, measuring the, 95

Internal resistance, Voltaic battery test for, 104

Intersectional arcs, firing by, 71

Invention and adoption of the fish torpedo, the, 131

Italian torpedo launches, Thornycroft's, 168

J.

Jacobi's fuze, improved form of, 24

Jar, the Leyden, 279

Jointing electric cables, 44

Joints, Beardslee's, 46

——, electrical test of insulated, 104

——, india rubber tube, 45

——, Mathieson's, 45

——, McEvoy's, 46

——, Nicholl's metallic, 45

——, rules to be observed in forming, 51

——, Siemens' permanent, 47

Jones, the loss of the Commodore, 189

Junction boxes, 51

—— —— for multiple cables, 52

—— —— single cored cables, 52

—— ——, T, 53

K.

Keys, firing, 80

—— ——, description of a series of, 81

—— ——, Morse, 81

Kiel, torpedo experiments at, 222

Knowledge, theoretical, 8

L.

Ladder for divers, 261

—— mooring, 55

Lamps, automatic electric, 248

——, Siemens' patent electric, 248

Land service cables, 43

Launch, description of a Yarrow torpedo, 172

—— for placing moorings, steam, 58

Launches, Thornycroft's torpedo, 163

—— —— Austrian and French torpedo, 165

—— —— Dutch and Italian torpedo, 168

—— —— French torpedo, 169

—— —— Norwegian torpedo, 163

—— —— Swedish and Danish torpedo, 165

——, Yarrow's Dutch torpedo, 173

—— —— Russian torpedo, 172

Launching Harvey's torpedo, mode of, 123

—— Lay's torpedo boat, 147

Law, the application of Ohm's, 276

Lay's torpedo boat, 141

—— ——, an improved form of, 153

—— ——, capabilities of, 147

—— ——, launching, 147

—— ——, method of sinking and raising, 149

—— ——, used as a tug, 150

—— ——, in clearing obstructions, 151

—— ——, to clear away mines, 152

Leclanché's Voltaic battery, 77

Lewis's drifting torpedo, 117

Leyden jar, the, 279

Light, Siemens' electric, 241

—— ——, conducting wires for, 247

—— ——, concentration of, 251

—— ——, precautions in manipulating, 252

—— ——, rotation of armatures in, 246

—— ——, wear and tear of, 247

——, the electric, 239

—— ——, application of, 256

Lightning, Thornycroft's torpedo boat, 168

Lithofracteur, 216

Locomotive torpedoes, 131

Loss of the Cairo, 189

—— —— Commodore Jones, 189

M.

Machine, description of a frictional electric, 278

——, Siemens' low tension dynamo-electric, 75

Machines, methods of coupling dynamo-electric, 254

Magnet, the electro, 281

Magnetism, 279

Magneto circuit closer, McEvoy's weight, 66

Magnets, permanent, 280

Main system, McEvoy's single, 283

Manipulation of Wheatstone's balance, the, 98

Marié-Davy battery, description of the, 275

Matchin, Russian torpedo boat attack at, 196

Material, Hooper's insulating, 39

Mathieson's cement safety plug, 21

—— circuit closer, inertia, 61

—— ——, improvements in, 63

—— ——, spiral spring, 63

—— joint, 45

McEvoy's drifting torpedo, 118

—— duplex spar torpedo, 154

—— improved Singer's mine, 20

—— joint, 46

—— mechanical mine, 22

—— —— primer, 21

—— —— Turk's head, 53

—— mercury circuit-closer, 65

—— papier maché safety plug, 22

—— percussion fuzes, 24

—— platinum wire fuzes, 34

—— single main system, 283

—— weight magneto circuit-closer, 66

Measurement of resistance by Wheatstone's balance, 98

Measuring electrical resistances, 93

—— the intensity of a current, 95

Mechanical mines, 10, 16

—— ——, advantages of, 17

—— ——, best kinds of, 17

—— ——, extempore, 21

—— ——, for coast defence, 16

—— ——, in the American war, 16

—— ——, McEvoy's, 22

—— —— improved Singer's, 20

—— ——, mooring, 26

—— ——, Russian electro, 68

—— ——, Singer's, 19

Mechanical primer, Abel's, 23

—— ——, McEvoy's, 21

—— tests, 85

Medway, experiments with countermines in the, 236

Menotti cell, description of the, 78

—— test batteries, 79

Menzing's towing torpedo, 130

Mercury circuit-closer, McEvoy's, 65

——, fulminate of, 215

Metallic joint, Nicholl's, 45

Method of carrying fish torpedoes, Thornycroft's, 140

—— —— sinking and raising Lay's torpedo, 149

—— —— testing, the Austrian, 109

Methods of attack with Harvey's torpedoes, 121

—— —— coupling dynamo-electric machines, 254

—— —— generating electricity, 269

—— —— protecting ships against torpedo attacks, 180

—— —— projecting Whitehead's fish torpedo, 135

Mines, submarine, electrical, 10, 27

—— ——, advantages of, 28

—— ——, defects of, 29

—— ——, mooring, 54

—— ——, in the American war, 27

—— ——, electro-contact, circuit-closers for, 63

—— ——, Fulton's stationary, 5

—— ——, mechanical, 10, 16

—— ——, advantages of, 17

—— ——, extempore, 21

—— ——, McEvoy's, 22

—— ——, improved Singer's, 20

—— ——, mooring, 26

—— ——, Russian electro, 68

—— ——, Singer's, 19

—— ——, rules to be observed in planting, 74

—— ——, sweeping for, 112

Mixtures, explosive, 208

Mode of firing Harvey's torpedoes, 121

—— ——, in 1829, 6

Monitor Duba Saife, destruction of the Turkish, 197

Mooring, Austrian method of, 56

—— electrical submarine mines, 54

——, fore and aft, 56

——, ladder, 55

——, launch for placing, 58

Mooring mechanical mines, 26

——, single rope, 56

Morse firing keys, 81

Multiple cables, 43

—— ——, junction boxes for, 52

N.

Nicholl's metallic joint, 45

Nitro-glycerine, 209

Nordenfelt torpedo gun, the, 257

Norwegian torpedo launches, Thornycroft's, 163

O.

Observation, firing by, 69

—— ——, Prussian system of, 73

Observing telescope, shutter apparatus and, 84

Obstructions, destruction of passive, 113

——, Lay's torpedo in clearing away, 151

Offensive torpedo operations, Russian and Turkish, 195

—— —— warfare still in its infancy, 115

—— torpedoes, failure of, 8, 11

—— ——, general remarks on, 156

Ohm, definition of the, 281

Ohm's law, application of, 276

Operations, torpedo, 187

—— ——, during the American civil war, 189

—— —— Austrian war, 192

—— —— Austro-Italian war, 188

—— —— Crimean war, 187

—— —— Franco-German war, 192

—— —— Paraguayan war, 191

—— —— Russo-Turkish war, 192

—— —— defensive, Russian, 193

—— ——, Turkish, 193

—— —— offensive, Turkish and Russian, 195

Ordinary type of torpedo boat, the, 179

Ottoman fleet, cause of failure of the, 14

Outrigger torpedoes, spar or, 154

P.

Papier maché safety plug, McEvoy's, 22

Paraguayan war, torpedo operations during the, 191

Passage through torpedo defences, clearing a, 111

Passive obstructions, destruction of, 113

Patent electric lamp, Siemens', 248

—— torpedo boat protective, Fosberry's, 182

Percussion fuzes, 23

—— ——, McEvoy's, 24

Permanent joint, Siemens', 47

—— magnets, 280

Physical state of the explosive substance, the, 204

Picric powder, 209

Planting submarine mines, rules to be observed in, 74

Plates, Brown's arrangement of earth, 100

——, connections of switch, 100

Platinum wire fuze for conductivity, test of, 101

—— ——, test of resistance of, 101

—— —— fuzes, 33

—— ——, English service, 33

—— ——, McEvoy's, 34

Plongeur, French submarine boat, 185

Plug, Mathieson's cement safety, 21

——, McEvoy's papier maché safety, 22

Pola, torpedo experiments at, 231

Polarization, definition of the term, 273

Porter's torpedo ship Alarm, Admiral, 159

Portsmouth, torpedo experiments at, 229, 233

Potential, definition of, 270

——, Voltaic battery test for, 104

Powder, Horsley's, 216

——, picric, 209

Precautions in manipulating the electric light, 252

Primer, Abel's mechanical, 23

——, McEvoy's, 21

Projecting frames for torpedo ship defence, 111

—— Whitehead's fish torpedo, methods of, 138

Propeller, Thornycroft's screw, 170

Properties of a Voltaic cell, definition and, 269

Prussian system of firing by observation, the, 73

Q.

Quadrant electrometers, Thomson's, 86

Qualifications essential to submarine boats, the, 184

R.

Rain's detonating composition, 23

Reflecting galvanometer, Thomson's, 87

Reflector, Colt's, 7

Remarks on offensive torpedoes, general, 156

Resistance boxes, 97

—— of cables, test of electrical, 104

—— platinum wire fuze, test of, 101

——, Voltaic battery test for internal, 104

Resistances by Wheatstone's balance, measurement of, 98

——, circuit, 276

——, measuring electrical, 93

Rheostat, the, 96

Rope mooring, single, 56

Rotation of armatures in Siemens' electric light apparatus, 246

Roux and Sarrau, experiments by, 207

Rules in connection with submarine mines, 29

—— to be observed in forming cable joints, 51

—— —— planting mines, 74

Russian and Turkish offensive torpedo operations, 194

—— defensive torpedo operations, 193

—— electro-mechanical mines, 68

—— torpedo boat attack at Batoum, 115, 202

—— —— Matchin, 196

—— —— Rustchuk, 200

—— —— Soukoum Kaleh, 201

—— —— Soulina, 198

—— —— off the Aluta, 200

—— ——, the final, 203

—— —— boats, Schibau's, 178

—— —— launch, Yarrow's, 172

—— torpedoes, 193

Russo-Turkish war, torpedo operations during the, 192

—— ——, torpedoes during the, 14, 115

Rutschuk, Russian torpedo attack at, 200

S.

Safety cock arrangement, Steward's, 25

—— plug, Mathieson's cement, 21

—— —— McEvoy's papier maché, 22

Schibau's Russian torpedo boats, 178

Science of torpedo warfare, the, 15

Sea cell test for insulation, 106

—— —— tests, 100

—— service cables, 43

Second class torpedo launches, Thornycroft's, 169

Self-acting circuit closer, the Austrian, 64

Sensitive fuzes, 23

Service cables, land, 43

—— ——, sea, 43

—— platinum wire fuze, English, 33

Ship Alarm, Admiral Porter's torpedo, 159

—— defence, 10

——, Fulton's block, 5

Ships against torpedo attacks, methods of protecting, 180

——, employment of torpedo, 158

Shunt, definition of a, 95

—— for Siemens' electric light, self-acting, 245

Shutter apparatus, firing keys and, 80

—— ——, the, 82

—— used with a circuit breaker, 83

—— instrument and observing telescope, 84

Siemens' electric cables, 40

—— —— light apparatus, 241

—— ——, conducting wires for, 247

—— ——, description of, 241

—— ——, power and light produced by, 244

—— ——, rotation of armatures in, 246

—— ——, self-acting shunt for, 245

—— ——, wear and tear of, 247

—— low tension dynamo machine, 75

—— patent electric lamp, 248

—— permanent joints, 47

—— universal galvanometer, 89

—— —— tables, 287

Signal, firing by preconcerted, 71

Signals employed in diving, 263

Silvertown electric cables, 41

Singer's mechanical mine, 19

—— ——, McEvoy's improved, 20

Single and double fluid batteries, 272

—— cored armoured cables, 43

—— —— unarmoured cables, 43

—— fluid cell, action in a, 273

—— main system, McEvoy's, 283

—— rope moorings, 56

Size of torpedo charges, 218

Soukoum Kaleh, Russian torpedo attack at, 201

Soulina, Russian torpedo attack at, 198

Spanish torpedo boats, Yarrow's, 175

Spar or outrigger torpedoes, 154

—— torpedo, McEvoy's duplex, 154

—— torpedoes, Fulton's, 5

Special cables, 43

Spherical shaped torpedo case, the, 32

Spiral spring circuit closer, Mathieson's, 63

Stake torpedoes, 18

State of the explosive substance, the physical, 204

Statham's high tension fuze, 35

Stationary mines, Fulton's, 5

Steward's safety cock arrangement, 25

Stokes Bay, experiments with countermines at, 236

Submarine boat, Bushnell's, 2, 184

—— ——, Confederate, 185

—— ——, French, 185

—— boats, 183

—— ——, qualifications essential to, 184

—— mines 13

—— ——, during the Crimean and American wars, 27

—— ——, rules for using, 29

—— ——, sweeping for, 112

—— ——, electrical, 27

—— ——, advantages of, 28

—— ——, defects of, 29

—— ——, mooring, 54

Submersion, tests after, 106

Success in torpedo warfare, elements of, 16

Suna, destruction of the Turkish vessel, 194

Swedish torpedo launch, Thornycroft's, 165

Sweeping for submarine mines, 112

Switch plates, commutators or, 96

—— ——, connections of, 100

Synopsis, 290

System, McEvoy's single main, 283

—— of electrical testing, Armstrong's, 107

—— —— firing by observation, Prussian, 73

—— —— tests, object of, 84

T.

T junction box, the, 53

Table, the Austrian testing, 108

Tables, Siemens' universal galvanometer, 287

——, test, 99

Tactics with Harvey's torpedoes, 127

Telegraph batteries, 79

Telescope, shutter instrument and observing, 84

Tension dynamo machines, Siemens' low, 75

—— fuses, testing high, 102

Term torpedo, definition of the, 115

Terms electro-positive and electro-negative, the, 271

Test battery, the Menotti, 79

——, discharge, 103

—— for electrical cables, insulation, 102

—— of electrical resistance of cables, 104

—— —— insulated joints, electrical, 104

—— —— platinum wire fuze for conductivity, 101

—— —— resistance, 101

—— tables, 99

Testing, Armstrong's system of electrical, 107

——, Austrian method of, 109

—— high tension fuzes, 102

——, instruments used in, 85

—— table, Austrian, 108

Tests after submersion, 106

——, electrical, 85

—— for insulation, sea cell, 106

——, mechanical, 85

——, object of a system, 84

——, sea cell, 100

Theoretical knowledge of torpedoes, 8

Theory of detonation, the, 206

—— —— electricity, the, 265

Thermo galvanometer, the, 89

Thomson's quadrant electrometer, 86

—— reflecting galvanometer, 87

Thornycroft's boat engines, efficiency of, 171

—— method of carrying fish torpedoes, 140

—— propeller, 170

—— torpedo launches, 163

—— ——, Austrian and French, 165

—— ——, Danish and Swedish, 165

—— ——, Dutch and Italian, 168

—— ——, French, 169

—— ——, Norwegian, 163

—— ——, second class, 169

Three coil galvanometer, 88

Torpedo attacks, boat, 180, 191

—— ——, methods of protecting ships against, 180

—— boat, Lay's, 141

—— ——, capabilities of, 147

—— ——, an improved form of, 153

—— —— attack, Russian, at Batoum, 195, 202

—— —— —— —— Matchin, 196

—— —— —— —— Rustchuk, 200

—— —— —— —— Soukoum Kaleh, 201

—— —— —— —— Soulina, 198

—— —— ——, off the Aluta, 200

—— —— ——, the final, 203

—— —— experiment at Cherbourg, 170

—— —— for flotation, 171

—— —— Lightning, Thornycroft's, 168

—— —— protective, Fosberry's patent, 182

—— boats, 162

—— ——, Herreshoff's, 178

—— ——, ordinary type of, 179

—— ——, Schibau's Russian, 178

—— ——, Yarrow's, 172

—— ——, description of a, 172

—— —— Dutch, 172

—— —— English, 173

—— —— Russian, 172

—— —— Spanish, 175

—— case, form and construction of, 31

—— ——, conical shaped, 32

—— ——, cylindrical shaped, 32

—— ——, spherical shaped, 32

—— charges, size of, 218

—— defences, clearing a passage through, 111

—— experiments at Carlscrona, 220, 224, 232

—— —— Chatham, 220

—— —— Copenhagen, 223

—— —— Kiel, 222

—— —— Pola, 231

—— —— Portsmouth, 229, 233

—— —— in Austria, 220

—— —— England, 222

—— —— Turkey, 232

—— explosive agents, 217

Torpedo guns, 257

—— ——, Hotchkiss, 259

—— ——, Nordenfelt, 257

—— invention and adoption of the fish, 131

—— launches, Thornycroft's, 163

—— operations, 187

—— —— during the Austro-Italian war, 188

—— —— Crimean war, 187

—— —— Franco-German war, 192

—— —— Paraguayan war, 191

—— —— Russo-Turkish war, 192

—— ——, Russian defensive, 193

—— ——, Turkish defensive, 193

—— —— and Russian offensive, 195

—— ship Alarm, Admiral Porter's, 159

—— —— Destroyer, Ericsson's, 160

—— —— Uhlan, the German, 158

—— ships, employment of, 158

—— spar, McEvoy's duplex, 154

—— —— or outrigger, 154

——, the term, 115

—— warfare, defensive, 13

—— ——, elements of success, 16

—— ——, science of, 15

—— —— still in its infancy, offensive, 115

——, Whitehead's fish, 133

—— ——, adjustments of, 136

—— ——, capabilities of, 134

—— ——, methods of projecting, 138

——, Woolwich fish, the, 140

——, American extempore drifting, 119

——, barrel, 19

——, Brook's, 19

——, Bushnell's drifting, 2

—— ——, invention of, 2

——, drifting, 116

——, floating, 116

——, frame, 18

——, Fulton's drifting, 5

—— —— harpoon, 5

—— —— spar, 5

——, general remarks on offensive, 156

—— in war, the employment of fish, 133

——, Lewis's drifting, 117

——, locomotive, 131

——, McEvoy's drifting, 118

——, moral effect of, 9

——, offensive, 11

—— ——, failure of 8

——, stake 18

——, towing 119

—— ——, French, 131

—— ——, Harvey's, 119

—— ——, methods of attack with, 127

—— ——, the value of, 129

—— ——, Mensing's, 130

——, turtle 19

Turkey, torpedo experiments in, 232

Turkish defensive torpedo operations, 193

—— monitor Duba Saife, destruction of the, 197

—— offensive torpedo operations, 195

—— ship Suna, loss of the, 194

—— torpedoes, 193

—— war, torpedoes during the Russo-, 115

Turk's head, McEvoy's mechanical, 53

Turtle torpedoes, 19

U.

Uhlan, the German torpedo vessel, 158

Unarmoured cables, single cored, 43

Universal galvanometer, Siemens', 89

—— ——, tables, 287

Use of circuit closers, the, 60

V.

Vessel Destroyer, Ericsson's torpedo, 160

—— in the world, the fastest, 177

—— Uhlan, the German torpedo, 158

Voltaic batteries, 79

—— battery, Leclanché's, 77

—— ——, Von Ebner's, 76

—— ——, test for electro-motive force, 105

—— —— internal resistance, 104

—— —— potential, 104

—— cell, definition and properties of a, 269

—— current, the, 70

Von Ebner's high tension fuze, 36

—— —— Voltaic battery, 6

W.

War, employment of fish torpedoes in, 133

——, torpedo operations during the American civil, 189

—— —— Austrian, 192

—— —— Austro-Italian, 188

—— —— Crimean, 187

—— —— Franco-German, 192

—— —— Paraguayan, 191

—— —— Russo-Turkish, 192

——, torpedoes during the American civil, 115

—— ——, Russo-Turkish, 115

Warfare, defensive torpedo, 13

——, elements of success in torpedo, 16

——, science of torpedo, 15

—— still in its infancy, offensive torpedo, 115

Wars, submarine mines in the Crimean and American, 27

Wear and tear of Siemens' electric light apparatus, 247

Welden railway saved by torpedoes, the, 190

Wheatstone's balance, 97

—— ——, manipulation of, 99

—— ——, measurement of resistances by, 98

Whitehead's fish torpedo, 133

—— ——, adjustments of, 136

—— ——, capabilities of, 134

—— ——, methods of projecting, 138

—— ——, mode of ignition of, 135

Wire fuze for conductivity, test of platinum, 101

—— ——, test of resistance of platinum, 101

Wire fuzes, platinum, 33

—— ——, English service, 33

—— ——, McEvoy's, 34

Wires in McEvoy's spar torpedo, arrangement of, 155

Woolwich fish torpedo, the, 140

Y.

Yarrow's torpedo boats, 172

—— ——, English, 173

—— ——, Spanish, 175

—— —— launch, description of a, 172

—— —— launches, Dutch, 172

—— ——, Russian, 172

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TORPEDOES AND TORPEDO WARFARE: Offensive and Defensive.

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THE NAVY OF TO-DAY;

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THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA,

AS SEEN FROM THE DECK OF A MAN-OF-WAR. Illustrated. Demy 8vo., Cloth. 7s. 6d. By Captain H. Dyer, R. N.

"We think the friends of the late Commander Dyer have done well in publishing this little volume as a memorial to one whom they loved, both as a genial companion and an officer.

"The character of the book, which since it bears the stamp-mark of merit, needs no eulogy to make it a successful publication.

"That large class of readers which takes pleasure in perusing books of travel cannot do better than read this well-printed volume."—Broad Arrow.

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LIGHT FROM H.M.S. "TORCH."

Demy 8vo., Cloth. 2s. 6d. By Capt. H. Dyer, R.N. With Portrait.

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MEMOIR OF ADMIRAL SIR H. D. CHADS, K.C.B.

With Portrait. 2s.

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SEARCH FOR SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.

Price 1s. From the Journal of Capt. Sir Allen Young. Illustrated.

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By Authority.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION IN GUNNERY SHIPS FOR OFFICERS AND MEN.

Demy 8vo. 1s.

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ROYAL NAVAL ARTILLERY VOLUNTEERS GUNNERY DRILL BOOK.

Copiously illustrated with Diagrams. 1s. 6d.

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Griffin & Co., Publishers, 2, The Hard, Portsmouth.

ENGINEER OFFICER'S WATCH, STATION, QUARTER, & FIRE BILLS.

By William J. J. Spry, R.N. 3s. 6d. A complete vade mecum for Engineer Officers in Her Majesty's Navy.

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TABLE FOR CORRECTION OF LONGITUDE

WHERE ERROR ARISES FROM INCORRECT LATITUDE. 2nd Edition. 1s. By Gilbert T. Key, Commander, R.N.

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THE PILOT'S HANDBOOK FOR THE ENGLISH CHANNEL.

7th Edition. 7s. Illustrated with 17 plates. By Staff-Commander King, R.N.

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Manual for the use of the Boatmen preparing for Examination in COAST GUARD SERVICE.

Published by Authority. With Chart. Demy 8vo. 1s. 6d.

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MESS WINE BOOKS

With Cash Book and Ledger, complete in One Volume. For 24 Members, 15s.; For 12 Members, 12s. 6d. Rough Daily Wine Book, 8s. 6d.

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PROGRESS BOOK FOR THE USE OF NAVAL INSTRUCTORS.

12s. 6d.

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WATCH, QUARTER, STATION, AND FIRE BILL.

Admiralty Form, No. 2, 2s. 6d. No. 3, 2s.

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THE ADMIRALTY MANUAL OF SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY. 4th Edition. 3s. 6d.

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Griffin & Co., Publishers, 2, The Hard, Portsmouth.

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JOURNAL BOOKS.

One Year, 6s. 6d; Two Years, 8s. 6d.; Three Years, 10s. 6d. Four Years, 12s. 6d.

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LOG BOOKS (RULED).

Two quires, 8s. Three quires, 10s. 6d.

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CERTIFICATE CASES. Half roan, 2s. 6d.

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TEXT BOOK ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE.

Printed by Order of the Secretary of State for War. Second Edition. Colored Illustrations. Cloth Boards. 1879. Abridged Edition. 9s.

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Handbook of the Manufacture and Proof of Gunpowder.

By Capt. F. M. Smith, Royal Artillery. 8vo., cloth boards. With Plates and Diagrams. 5s.

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Text Book on the THEORY OF THE MOTION OF PROJECTILES, the History, Manufacture, and Explosive Force of Gunpowder; and the History of Small Arms.

Published by Authority. With Diagrams. Cloth Boards. 2s.; interleaved, 2s. 6d.

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RIFLE AND FIELD EXERCISES AND MUSKETRY INSTRUCTION FOR HER MAJESTY'S FLEET, 1878. 1s. 6d.

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MANUAL AND FIRING EXERCISES FOR THE MARTINI-HENRY RIFLE.

For the use of the Navy. By Authority. Threepence.

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FIELD EXERCISE. 1877. 1s.

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Griffin & Co., Publishers, 2, The Hard, Portsmouth.

RIFLE EXERCISE AND MUSKETRY INSTRUCTION—1879. 1s.

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CHRONOMETER JOURNAL—With Diagrams. 12s. 6d.

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NOSOLOGICAL JOURNAL—9s.

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CLOTHES AND SLOP LIST—5s. and 8s. 6d.

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CLOTHES LIST—New Pattern. 4s. 6d. and 7s. 6d.

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THE SICK LIST—4s. 6d. and 7s. 6d.

WITH ALPHABET—5s. AND 8s.

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NIGHT ORDER BOOK—5s. 6d.

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WASHING BOOK FOR NAVAL OFFICERS—6d.

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ANNUAL OF THE ROYAL SCHOOL OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE & MARINE ENGINEERING.

Parts 1 to 4—2s. 6d. each. Parts 1 and 4 contain particulars of English and Foreign Ironclads.

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TREATISE ON AMMUNITION—6s.

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MANUAL OF FIELD FORTIFICATION—3s.

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NOTES ON AMMUNITION.

Published by Authority. Corrected to July, 1877. With Diagrams, cloth boards, 2s. 6d.

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BATTALION WORDS OF COMMAND—3d.

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THE SAPPERS' MANUAL—Part 1.—2s.

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Griffin & Co., Publishers, 2, The Hard, Portsmouth.

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THE ARCTIC NAVY LIST:

OR A Century of Arctic and Antarctic Officers. 1773-1873. By Clements R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S. With Officers of 1875 Expedition, and Circumpolar Chart.—3s.6d.

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SAILOR'S WORD BOOK A Nautical and Military Vocabulary.

By Admiral Smyth. Thick 8vo., cloth. Published at 21s. Reduced to 12s. 6d.

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THE JUSTICES' POCKET MANUAL

3rd Edition. By Thomas Cousins, Esq. Bound in Leather. 2s. 6d.

"The great merit of Mr. Cousins' Manual is, that it gives Magistrates explicit information on most of the details of their office in a surprisingly brief space."

"The magistrates' vade mecum."—Law Times.

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SHORT WHIST REGISTER AND SUMMARY

With the Laws of the Game, &c. By T. C. Cloth, 3s. 6d.

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SHIPS' CRESTS.

Stamped in Colors. 40 Crests on each sheet, 5 different sheets, One Shilling each ALSO, Illuminated Ships' Crests, 9 on each sheet, 10 different Sheets. One Shilling each. —————————— A complete set, consisting of 90 Crests, Illuminated in Gold and Colors, and 200 in Colors, costs 15s.

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Griffin & Co., Publishers, 2, The Hard, Portsmouth.

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