Table of Transliteration.
Alexander Rogers translation
ا (Hamza) not represented at the beginning or end of a word; ʾ in the middle of a word. ذ ẕ غ g͟h
ب b ر r ف f
پ p ڑ ṛ ق q
ت t ز z ك k
ٹ ṭ ژ z͟h گ g
ث s̤ س s ل l
ج j ش s͟h م m
چ ch ص ṣ ن n (m before ب and پ)
ح h ض ẓ و w (v in Hindu names)
خ kh ط t̤ ة h (not represented at the end of a word except when radical)
د d ظ z̤ ى y
ڈ ḍ ع ʿ
Transcriber’s note: The presentation of Arabic vowels used in the source cannot be exactly reproduced in Unicode.
Vowels—_َ_ a. ا_َ_ ā. اى_َ_ (alif maḳṣūra) ā.
_ِ_ i. ى_ِ_ ī; e in some Hindu names. ىّ_ِ_ iyy; ī at the end of a word.
_ُ_ u. و_ُ_ ū; o in some Hindu names. وّ_ُ_ uww; ū at the end of a word.
Diphthongs—و_َ_ au. وّ_َ_ aww. ى_َ_ ai. ىّ_َ_ ayy.
The ‘Izāfat’ is rendered by ‘-i-’.
The Persian copulative particle و is transliterated by ‘u’.
The ل of the Arabic article is assimilated according to rule, the final vowel of the preceding word being preserved.