OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS
Reading edition
FIG. PAGE
1.Chalk Cliff3
2.Whitecliff (Chalk), Dorset4
3.Penlee Point, Cornwall5
4.Balanus Shells6
5.A Cluster of Mussels7
6.Breakers8
7.Illustrating the Tide-producing Influence of the Moon10
8.Illustrating the tides11
9.Spring Tides at Full Moon12
10.Spring Tides at New Moon12
11.Neap Tides13
12.Chart showing the relative Times of High Tide on different parts of the British Coast16
13.The Vasculum22
14.Wire Ring for Net24
15.Net Frame with Curved Point24
16.Rhomboidal Frame for Net24
17.Rhomboidal Net25
18.Semicircular Net25
19.The Dredge25
20.The Crab-pot26
21.An old Bird-cage used as a Crab-pot27
22.A Young Naturalist at Work32
23.A good Hunting-ground on the Cornish Coast33
24.Round Bend Hook with Flattened End37
25.Limerick Hook, eyed37
26.Method of Attaching Snood to Flattened Hook38
27.Method of Attaching Snood to Eyed Hook38
28.The Lugworm39
29.The Ragworm40
30.Digging for Bait41
31.Method of Opening a Mussel42
32.Fishing from the Rocks46
33.The Paternoster48
34.Section of an Aquarium constructed with a Mixture of Cement and Sand54
35.Cement Aquarium with a Glass Plate in Front55
36.Aquarium of Wood with Glass Front56
37.Hexagonal Aquarium constructed of Angle Zinc, with Glass Sides57
38.Method of Aerating the Water of an Aquarium65
39.Aquarium fitted with Apparatus for Periodic Outflow67
40.Jars for preserving Anatomical and Biological Specimens76
41.Showing the different stages in the making of a small Specimen Tube77
42.Small Specimen Tube mounted on a Card78
43.Small Crab mounted on a Card82
44.Spring for holding together small Bivalve Shells84
45.The Triplet Magnifier92
46.A small Dissecting Trough93
47.Cell for small Living Objects95
48.Sheet of Cork on thin Sheet Lead99
49.Weighted Cork for Dissecting Trough99
50.The Amœba, highly magnified102
51. ” ” showing changes of form103
52. ” ” feeding103
53. ” ” dividing104
54.A Group of Foraminifers, magnified105
55.A Spiral Foraminifer Shell106
56.A Foraminifer out of its Shell106
57.The same Foraminifer (fig. 56) as seen when alive107
58.Section of the Shell of a Compound Foraminifer107
59.Section of a Nummulite Shell108
60.Globigerina bulloides, as seen when alive, magnified108
61.Section of a piece of Nummulitic Limestone109
62.A Group of Radiolarian Shells, magnified111
63.Three Infusorians, magnified113
64.A Phosphorescent Marine Infusorian (Noctiluca), magnified114
65.Section of a Simple Sponge116
66.Diagrammatic section of a portion of a Complex Sponge117
67.Horny Network of a Sponge, magnified118
68.Grantia compressa120
69.Spicules of Grantia, magnified120
70.Sycon ciliatum121
71.Leucosolenia botryoides, with portion magnified121
72.Chalina oculata122
73.Halichondria panicea123
74.Spicules of Halichondria, magnified124
75.An Oyster Shell, bored by Cliona124
76.Spicules of Cliona125
77.Thread Cells of a Cœlenterate, magnified127
78.The Squirrel’s-tail Sea Fir (Sertularia argentea), with a portion enlarged128
79.Sertularia filicula129
80. ” cupressina130
81.The Herring-bone Polype (Halecium halecinum131
82.Tubularia indivisa132
83.The Bottle Brush (Thuiaria thuja)132
84.Antennularia antennia133
85.Aurelia aurita135
86.The Early Stages of Aurelia136
87.Rhizostoma136
88.Chrysaora136
89.Cydippe pileus137
90.Section of an Anemone139
91.Stinging Cells of Anemone, highly magnified140
92.Diagrammatic transverse section of an Anemone140
93.Larva of Anemone140
94.The Trumpet Anemone (Aiptasia Couchii), Cornwall; deep water144
95.Peachia hastata, S. Devon145
96.Sagartia pallida, Devon and Cornwall146
97.Sagartia nivea, Devon and Cornwall147
98.Corynactus viridis, Devon and Cornwall148
99.Bunodes thallia, West Coast150
100.Bunodes gemmacea, with tentacles retracted151
101.Caryophyllia cyathus152
102.Sagartia parasitica153
103.The Cloak Anemone (Adamsia palliata) on a Whelk Shell, with Hermit Crab154
104.Larva of the Brittle Starfish158
105.Larva of the Feather Star160
106.The Rosy Feather Star160
107.The Common Brittle Star162
108.Section of the Spine of a Sea Urchin165
109.Sea Urchin with Spines removed on one Side166
110.Apex of Shell of Sea Urchin166
111.Shell of Sea Urchin with Teeth protruding167
112.Interior of Shell of Sea Urchin167
113.Masticatory Apparatus of Sea Urchin167
114.Sea Urchin Dissected, showing the Digestive Tube168
115.The Sea Cucumber170
116.A Turbellarian, magnified175
117.Arenicola piscatorum178
118.The Sea Mouse179
119.Tube-building Worms: Terebella, Serpula, Sabella182
120.Terebella removed from its Tube183
121.A tube of Serpula attached to a Shell185
122.Serpula removed from its Tube186
123.The Sea Mat (Flustra)187
124.Flustra in its Cell, magnified188
125.Sea Squirt189
126.Larvæ of Molluscs191
127.Shell of the Prickly Cockle (Cardium aculeatum) showing Umbo and Hinge; also the interior showing the Teeth192
128.Interior of Bivalve Shell, showing Muscular Scars and Pallial Line193
129.Diagram of the Anatomy of a Lamellibranch194
130.Mytilus edulis, with Byssus195
131.A Bivalve Shell (Tapes virgineana)196
132.Pholas dactylus199
133. ” ” interior of Valve; and Pholadidea with Animal201
134.The Ship Worm202
135.1. Teredo navalis. 2. Teredo norvegica202
136.Gastrochæna modiolina203
137.1. Thracia phaseolina. 2. Thracia pubescens, showing Pallial Line204
138.1. Mya truncata. 2. Interior of Shell. 3. Mya arenaria. 4. Corbula nucleus205
139.Solen siliqua206
140.1. Solen ensis. 2. Cerati-solen legumen. 3. Solecurtus candidus207
141.Tellinidæ208
142.1. Lutraria elliptica. 2. Part of the Hinge of Lutraria, showing the Cartilage Pit. 3. Macra stultorum. 4. Interior of same showing Pallial Line210
143.Veneridæ211
144.Cyprinidæ213
145.Galeomma Turtoni214
146.1. Cardium pygmæum. 2. Cardium fasciatum. 3. Cardium rusticum215
147.Cardium aculeatum215
148.Pectunculus glycimeris, with portion of Valve showing Teeth, and Arca tetragona216
149.Mytilus edulis217
150.1. Modiola modiolus. 2. Modiola tulipa. 3. Crenella discors218
151.Dreissena polymorpha219
152.Avicula, and Pinna pectinata220
153.1. Anomia ephippium. 2. Pecten tigris. 3. Pecten, animal in shell222
154.Terebratulina. The upper figure represents the interior of the Dorsal Valve224
155.Under side of the Shell of Natica catena, showing the Umbilicus; and outline of the Shell, showing the Right-handed Spiral225
156.Section of the Shell of the Whelk, showing the Columella226
157.Diagram of the Anatomy of the Whelk, the Shell being removed228
158.A portion of the Lingual Ribbon of the Whelk, magnified; and a single row of Teeth on a much larger scale229
159.Egg Cases of the Whelk230
160.Pteropods231
161.Nudibranchs234
162. ” 235
163.Shells of Tectibranchs236
164.Chiton Shells238
165.Shells of Dentalium238
166.Patellidæ239
167.Calyptræa sinensis241
168.Fissurellidæ241
169.Haliotis242
170.Ianthina fragilis242
171.Trochus zizyphinus. 2. Under Side of Shell. 3. Trochus magnus. 4. Adeorbis subcarinatus244
172.Rissoa labiosa and Lacuna pallidula244
173.Section of Shell of Turritella245
174.Turritella communis and Cæcum trachea245
175.Cerithium reticulatum and Aporrhais pes-pelicani245
176.Aporrhais pes-pelicani, showing both Shell and Animal246
177.1. Odostomia plicata. 2. Eulima polita. 3. Aclis supranitida246
178.Cypræa (Trivia) europæa247
179.1. Ovulum patulum. 2. Erato lævis248
180.Mangelia septangularis and Mangelia turricula248
181.1. Purpura lapillus. 2. Egg Cases of Purpura. 3. Nassa reticulata249
182.Murex erinaceus249
183.Octopus251
184.Loligo vulgaris and its Pen252
185.Sepiola atlantica252
186.Sepia officinalis and its ‘Bone’253
187.Eggs of Sepia254
188.The Nerve-chain of an Arthropod (Lobster)257
189.Section through the Compound Eye of an Arthropod260
190.Four Stages in the Development of the Common Shore Crab261
191.The Barnacle261
192.Four Stages in the Development of the Acorn Barnacle262
193.A Cluster of Acorn Shells263
194.Shell of Acorn Barnacle (Balanus)263
195.The Acorn Barnacle (Balanus porcatus) with Appendages protruded264
196.A Group of Marine Copepods, magnified265
197.A Group of Ostracode Shells265
198.Evadne266
199.Marine Isopods267
200.Marine Amphipods268
201.The Mantis Shrimp (Squilla Mantis)270
202.The Opossum Shrimp (Mysis chamæleon)271
203.Parts of Lobster’s Shell, separated, and viewed from above272
204.A Segment of the Abdomen of a Lobster272
205.Appendages of a Lobster273
206.Longitudinal Section of the Lobster274
207.The Spiny Lobster (Palinurus vulgaris)275
208.The Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus)276
209.1. The Mud-borer (Gebia stellata). 2. The Mud-borrower (Callianassa subterranea)277
210.The Common Shrimp (Crangon vulgaris)278
211.The Prawn (Palæmon serratus)279
212.Dromia vulgaris282
213.The Hermit Crab in a Whelk Shell282
214.The Long-armed Crab (Corystes Cassivelaunus)287
215.Spider Crabs at Home288
216.The Thornback Crab (Maia Squinado)290
217.The Pea Crab (Pinnotheres pisum)290
218.The Common Shore Crab (Carcinus mænas)291
219.The Shore Spider294
220.The Leg of an Insect295
221.Trachea of an Insect, magnified296
222.Sea-Shore Insects298
223.Marine Beetles of the genus (Bembidium)302
224.Marine Beetles303
225.Transverse section through the Bony Framework of a Typical Vertebrate Animal306
226.The Sea Lamprey309
227.The Pilchard310
228.The Skeleton of a Fish (Perch)315
229.The Internal Organs of the Herring316
230.The Egg-case of the Dogfish319
231.The Smooth Hound320
232.The Common Eel323
233.The Lesser Sand Eel326
234.The Three-bearded Rockling327
235.The Snake Pipe-fish328
236.The Rainbow Wrass (Labrus julis)330
237.The Cornish Sucker330
238.The Fifteen-spined Stickleback and Nest331
239.The Smooth Blenny333
240.The Butterfish334
241.The Black Goby335
242.The Father Lasher335
243.The Lesser Weaver337
244.The Common Porpoise341
245.Callithamnion roseum359
246.Callithamnion tetricum359
247.Griffithsia corallina361
248.Halurus equisetifolius361
249.Pilota plumosa361
250.Ceramium diaphanum363
251.Plocamium366
252.Delesseria alata368
253.Delesseria hypoglossum368
254.Laurencia pinnatifida371
255.Laurencia obtusa371
256.Polysiphonia fastigiata373
257.Polysiphonia parasitica374
258.Polysiphonia Brodiæi374
259.Polysiphonia nigrescens374
260.Ectocarpus granulosus378
261.Ectocarpus siliculosus378
262.Ectocarpus Mertensii378
263.Sphacelaria cirrhosa379
264.Sphacelaria plumosa379
265.Sphacelaria radicans380
266.Cladostephus spongiosus380
267.Chordaria flagelliformis380
268.Laminaria bulbosa384
269.Laminaria saccharina384
270.Alaria esculenta385
271.Sporochnus pedunculatus385
272.Desmarestia ligulata386
273.Himanthalia lorea387
274.Cystoseira ericoides388
275.Transverse Section of the Stem of a Monocotyledon391
276.Leaf of a Monocotyledon392
277.Expanded Spikelet of the Oat393
278.The Sea Lyme Grass395
279.Knappia agrostidea397
280.The Dog’s-tooth Grass397
281.The Reed Canary Grass397
282.Male and Female Flowers of Carex, magnified399
283.The Sea Sedge400
284.The Curved Sedge400
285.The Great Sea Rush400
286.The Broad-leaved Grass Wrack401
287.The Sea-side Arrow Grass401
288.The Common Asparagus401
289.The Sea Spurge403
290.The Purple Spurge404
291.The Sea Buckthorn404
292.Chenopodium botryoides405
293.The Frosted Sea Orache406
294.The Prickly Salt Wort406
295.The Creeping Glass Wort407
296.The Sea-side Plantain408
297.The Sea Lavender408
298.The Dwarf Centaury410
299.The Sea Samphire412
300.The Sea-side Everlasting Pea413
301.The Sea Stork’s-bill414
302.The Sea Campion416
303.The Sea Pearl Wort417
304.The Shrubby Mignonette417
305.The Wild Cabbage418
306.The Isle of Man Cabbage418
307.The Great Sea Stock419
308.The Hoary Shrubby Stock419
309.The Scurvy Grass419
310.The Sea Radish419
311.The Sea Rocket420
312.The Sea Kale421
313.The Horned Poppy422
THE SEA SHORE