DAVIES GILBERT, (continued 6)

From Bodmyn to S. Laurence, wher a poor Hospital or Lazar House is, about a mile. One of the Peverelles gave a litle annuitie onto this house. Here I passid over a stone bridge, and under it rennith a praty broke that cummith out of the hylles from south-este, and goith into Alane a 2 miles above Padestow by the weste ripe, and by the meanes of the se and creke it ebbith and flowith up into the creke of this river. From S. Laurence I passed by morisch ground al baren of woodde a vj m[iles], leving about this vj miles ende S. Columbes, about a 2 miles off on the right hond.

262 And ther about I left Castelle an dinas on the same hand, a good mile of. But I saw no building on it, but an hille bering that name.

Thens to Michel, a litle thorough fare, a 2. or 3. miles, by morisch ground, all baren of wood.

Thens a 5 miles to a litle village and paroch church, callid Alein. And hereabout there is very good corne.

And so a myle to Gwernak, Master Arundale’s house. This Arundale gyveth no part of the armes of great Arundale of Lanheran, by S. Columbes; but he told me that he thought that he cam of the Arundales in Base Normandy, that were lordes of Culy Castelle, that now is descended to one Mounseir de la Fontaine, a Frenchman, by heir generale. This Arundale ys caullid Arundale of Trerise, by a difference from Arundale of Lanheron. Trerise is a lordship of his, a 3 or 4 miles from Alein chirch. Arundale of Trerise had to his first wife one of the 2 doughters and heires of Boville, alias Beville, and Graneville had the other; and they had betwixt them litle lak of 400 markes of landes by the yere in partition.[45] The house that John Arundale of Trerise dwellith yn was Bovilles, and this Boville gave the Ox in Gules in his armes. There is yet one of the names of the Beviles, a man of a c. li land purchased by the grandfather of —— Beville now living. This Beville hath —— [ed] —— [brother of Sir John] Arundale of Trerise ——.

Armes in Castel Cairden.

Sir William Godolchan and Strowdes daughter his wif, of Pernham in Dorsetshire.

Sir William Godolchan and Margaret Glynne his first wife. Margaret was one of the 3. heires of Glyn of Morevale, by Low [Looe] water toward S. Germans. Vivian of 263 Trelowarren[46] maried the second daughter and coheire of Glynne. Richard Kendale of Worgy had the 3.

William Godolchan the sunne, and Blanch Langdon his wife. Langdon dwellith at Keverel by S. Germanes.

S. Albine his stok cam out of Britaine. There is another house of the S. Albines in Somersetshire.

Grainville.

Milatun dwellith at Pergroinswik.

* * * * *

Campernulphus, alias Chambernon, d’n’s de Trewardreth, et fundator prioratus monachorum, qui post D’ni erant ejusdem manerii. Campernulphus nunc dominus de Modbyri in comitatu Devoniæ. He was lord of Bere toward Excestre.

Men of fair landes. { Carow of Mohuns Otery. Carow of Hacham by Torbay. Carow of Antony in Cornewaulle by Aisch.

al 3. in Menek of faire living. { Vivian. Reskimer. Erisi, at Erisi in Menek.

Cowlin at Treneglis.

Cavel, maried Sir William Godolcan sister.

Petite was a man of very fair landes in Cornewaulle; and among other things he was lord of the isle of Pryven that now descendith to Kiligrew.

Bewpray, id est, de Bello prato.

Archedecon.

Tresinny, at Penrine, a man of 40 mark landes; most part of it lyith about Padestow.

Ex vita Sanctæ Breacæ.

Barricius socius Patritii, ut legitur in vita S. Wymeri. S. Breaca nata in partibus Lagoniæ et Ultoniæ.

Campus Breacæ in Hibernia in quo Brigida oratorium construxit, et postea Monaster. in quo fuit et S. Breaca.

264 Breaca venit in Cornubiam comitata multis Sanctis, inter quos fuerunt Sinninus Abbas, qui Romæ cum Patritio fuit, Maruanus monachus, Germmochus rex, Elwen, Crewenna, Helena.

Breaca appulit sub Revyer cum suis, quorum partem occidit Tewder.

Breaca venit ad Pencair.

Breaca venit ad Trenewith.

Breaca ædificavit eccl. in Trenewith et Talmeneth, ut legitur in vita S. Elwini.

Pencair, an hille in Pembro paroche, vulgo S. Banka.

Trenewith, a little from the paroch [church] of Pembro, wher the paroch church [was] or ever it was set at Pembro.

Talmeneth, a mansion place in [Pembro].

Cairdine, an old mansion of the Cowlines, wher now William Godolcan dwellith.

Carne Godolcan, on the top of an hille, wher is a diche, and there was a pile and principal habitation of the Godolcans. The diche yet apperith, and many stones of late time hath beene fetchid thens; it is a 3. miles from S. Michael’s Mont by est-north-est.

Cair Kinan, alias Gonyn and Conin, stoode in the hille of Pencair. There yet apperith 2 diches. Sum say that Conin had a sun caullid Tristrame.

S. Germocus, a chirch 3 miles from S. Michael’s Mont, by est-south-est, and a mile from the se; his tumb is yet seene ther. S Germoke’s chair in the chirch yard. S. Germoke’s welle a litle without the chirch yard.

Garsike, alias Pengarsike, nere the shore a 3. miles by est from S. Michaeles Mont.

Milatun hath part of Mewis landes in Devonshire, by one of the heires generall of Mewis, of Mewis Urth, a daughter and heire of the Godalcans, married to Henry Force. Yonge Milatun hath sir Godalcan’s daughter to his wife. One of the Worthes wives gave a late this land with a daughter of hers to one of the Milatuns of Devonshire.

Markesju,[47] a great long toun, burnid 3 aut 4 anno Henr. 8 a Gallis. The paroch chirch a mile of. A pere by the Mount. Markjue and the Mount be both S. Hillaries paroche. There was found of late yeres syns spere heddes, axis for warre, and swerdes of coper, wrappid 265 up in lynin scant perishid, nere the Mount in S. Hilaries paroch in tynne works.

Comes Moritoniæ et Cornubiæ made a celle of monkes in S. Michel Mont. This celle was ons gyven to a college in Cambridge. Syns given to Syon. A fair spring in the Mont.

Ludewin, alias Ludevaulles, wher, as sum suppose, was a castel, a mile by west from Markesju; it longid to the Lord Brooke.

Pensandes, 2 miles of by west; there is a litle peere.

Newlin, a mile lower on the shore; there is a peere. Newlin is an hamlet to Mousehole. Mousehole a mile lower. There is a peer. Mousehole in Cornish Port-enis (Portus insulæ). A bay from Newlin to Mousehole, caullid Gnaverslak. A litle beyond Mousehole, an islet and a chapel of S. Clementes in it. There hath bene much land devourid of the sea betwixt Pensandes and Mousehole. An old legend of St. Michael speaketh of a tounelet in this part now defaced, and lying under the water.

King Ethelstane, founder of S. Burien’s College, and giver of the privileges and sanctuarie to it. S. Buriana, an holy woman of Ireland, sumtyme dwellid in this place, and there made an oratory. King Ethelstane goyng hens, as it is said, onto Sylley, and returning, made ex voto a College wher the Oratorie was.

Tredine Castel ruines at the south-west point of Penwith; manifesta adhuc extant vestigia. I hard say that one Myendu was lord of it. Myendu signifieth blak mouth or chimne.

Ryvier Castel, almost at the est part of the mouth of Hayle River on the north se, now as sum think drounid with sand. This was Theodore’s castle.

Combe Castelle, ubi tm (?) loci vestigia, and Pencombe a little foreland, about a mile upper than Kenor on Severn. Basset hath a right goodly lordship caullid Treheddy by this Cumb. There cummith a good brooke down by Combe.

Cayl Castelle a mile by est from River in S. Filake’s Paroche.

Nikenor,[48] a 2 miles from Ryvier, sumtyme a great toun now gone. 2 paroche chirchis yet seene a good deale several one from the other, sumtyme in the towne, but it 266 is now communely taken to be in S. Guivian’s paroch; and there cummith a broket to the sea.

Carnbray, on a hil, a castelet or pile of Basset’s, a mile west of Revier town. There was sumtyme a park, now defacid.

SCYLLEY.

There be countid a 140 Islettes of Scylley, that bere gresse exceding good pasture for catail. S. Mary isle is a 5 miles or more in cumpace; in it is a poore toun, and a meately strong pile: but the roues [roofs] of the buildinges in it be sore defacid and woren. The ground of this ile berith exceeding good corn: insomuch that, if a man do but cast corn wher hogges have rotid, it wyl cum up.

Iniscaw longid to Tavestoke, and ther was a poore celle of monkes of Tavestoke. Sum caulle this Trescaw: it is the biggest of the Islettes, in cumpace a 6 miles or more.

S. Martines isle.

S. Agnes isle, so caullid of a chapel theryn. The isle of S. Agnes was desolated by this chaunce in recenti hominum memoria. The hole numbre almost of v. housoldes that were yn this isle cam to a mariage or a fest into S. Mary isle, and goinge homewarde were al drownid.

Ratte islande.

Saynct Lides isle; wher yn tymes past at her sepulchre was gret superstition.

There appere tokens in diverse [of] the islettes of habitations now clene doun.

Gulles and puffinnes be taken in diverse of these islettes, and plenty of conyes be in diverse of these islettes. Diverse of these islettes berith wyld garlyk. Few men be glad to inhabite these islettes, for al the plenty, for robbers by the sea that take their catail of force. These robbers be French men and Spaniardes. One Davers, a gentilman of Wilshir, whos chief house is at Daundesey, and Whittington, a gentleman of Glocestreshire, be owners of Scylley; but they have scant 40 markes by yere of rentes and commodites of it.

Scylley is a kenning, that is to say, about an xx miles from the very westeste pointe of Cornewaulle.

Petites principal house was at Ardeverauian in Falmouth Haven by the peninsula, caullid Ardeverameur. Petites landes be now descended to Arundale of Trerise, Granville, knight, and Killigrew.

267 Thomas Levelis about S. Burianes.

Kiwartun at Newlin by Mousehole.

John Godolcan at Mousehole.

Cavelle is S. Cua paroch at Trearach.

Carnsew at Brokelly in S. Cua paroch.

Nicolle in S. Tedy paroch by Bokelly.

Trecarelle, at Trecarelle by Launston.

From Mr. Godolcan to Pembro, wher the paroch chirch is [i. e. appertains] to Mr. Godolcan. The personage impropriate to Heyles in Glocestreshir. The south se is about a mile from Pembro.

From Mr. Godolcan to Lanante a 4 miles. Passage at ebbe over a great strond, and then over Heyle river.

No greater tynne workes yn al Cornwall then be on Sir Wylliam Godalcan’s ground.

Heyle Haven shoken [choaked] with land of tynne works.

Heile ryver cummith of 4 principale heddes or brokes; one riseth by south, and other by south west; another by south-est; the 4 by north-est.

Mr. Mohun hath a fair lordship by S. Erthe’s, caullyd ——.

Trewinard, a gentilman dwelling at Trewinard yn S. Erth paroch. S. Erth, a good mile above Lenant. S. Erth bridge, a good mile from Lannante, of 3 archis a litle byneth the paroche [church?] that stondith on the est side of the haven. This bridge was made a 200 yeres syns, and hath a 3 arches. Afore ther was a fery. Ther cam to this place ons, the haven beyng onbarrid, and syns chokid with tynne workes, good talle shippes.

There was a castel caullid Carnhangives, as apperith, or manor place, now clene doun, not far from the bridg. Dinham, as sum say, was lord of this place, and to the court thereof be longging many knightes and gentilmens services.

The toune of Lannant [now Lelant] is praty. The church thereof is of S. Unine.

S. Fës [St. Ive’s] a 2 miles or more from Lannant. The place that the chief of the toun hath and partely dooth stonde yn, is a very peninsula, and is extendid into the se of Severn as a cape. This peninsula, to compace it by the rote, lakkith litle of a mile. Most part of the houses in the peninsula be sore oppressid or overcoverid with sandes, that the stormy windes and rages castith up there. This calamite hath continued ther litle above 20 yeres. 268 The best part of the toun now standith in the south part of the peninsula, up toward another hille, for defence from the sandes. There is a blok house and a fair pere in the est side of the peninsula; but the pere is sore chokid with sande. The paroch chirch is of Iva, a nobleman’s daughter of Ireland, and disciple of S. Barricus. Iva and Elwine, with many other, cam into Cornewaul, and landid at Pendinas. This Pendinas is the peninsula and stony rok wher now the toun of S. Ives stondith. One Dinan, a great lord in Cornewaul, made a chirch at Pendinas, at the requist of Iva, as it is written yn S. Ive’s legende.

Ther is now at the very point of Pendinas a chapel of S. Nicolas, and a pharos for lighte for shippes sailing by night in those quarters. The town of S. Ive’s is servid with fresch water of brokettes that rise in the hilles thereby. The late Lord Brook was lord of S. Ive’s, now Blunt lord Monjoy, and young Poulet.

S. Piranes in the Sandes, is an xviij. miles from S. Ive’s upward on Severne; and S. Carantokes is a 2 miles above that on the shore. Els litle or no notable thing on the shore for so farre. The shore from S. Ives is sore plagued to S. Carantokes with sandes. There dwellith a gentilman of a 50 markes land by yere, caullid Glynne, yn S. Ive’s.

From Mr. Godalcan’s to Trewedenek, about a 4 miles, wher Thomas Godalcan [yonger] sun to Sir Willyam, buildith a praty house, and hath made an exceding fair blo-house mille in the rokky valley therby.

Alle the brookes that cummith from the hilles thereabout gather to[ward] this botom, and go into Lo Poole a 2 [miles beneath.] Lo Poole is a 2 miles in lenght, and betwixt it and the mayn se, is but a barre of sand: and ons in 3 or 4 yeres, what by the wait of the fresch water and rage of the se, it brekith out, and then the fresch and salt water metyng makith a wonderful noise. But sone after, the mouth is barrid again with sande. At other tymes the superfluite of the water of Lo Poole drenith out thorough the sandy barre into the se. If this barre might be alway kept open, it wold be a goodly haven up to Hailestoun. The commune fisch of this pole is trout and ele.

Hailestoun, alias Hellas, stondith on an hill, a good market toun, having a mair and privileges; and coinage twis a yere for tynne blokkes. There hath bene a castelle. One paroch chirch at the north-west ende of the towne. 269 An hospital of S. John yet stonding at the west-southwest of the town, of the foundation of one Kylligrew. The fresch water that goith to Lo Poole cummith down on the west side of the toun, but not even hard by it. Wike Mille water cummith within about half a mile on the east side of the towne.

From Hailstoun to Mogun Bridge, about a 2 miles dim. Thorough this bridge rennith at ebbe a litle brooke that riseth a —— miles upper by weste. It ebbith and flowith aboute a mile above this bridge. I saw on the left hand, a litle beside this bridge, the principal arme of Hailford Haven, caullid Wike, the wich flowith about a 3 miles upland by north to Wike Mille; and this arme is beten[49] with 2 litle fresch brokes bering the name of Wyke. A flite shot beyond this bridge I cam to a causey of stone, in the midle whereof was a bridge having but one arche. It flowith above this bridge; and at the ebbe there resortith a broke thourough this bridge, that cummith down from south-weste. A litle beneth these bridges both thes brokes in one run into Wik water. These bridges be a 4 miles or more from the mouth of Heilford Haven. About a 2 miles beneth this confluence rennith up on the est side of the haven a creeke of salt water, caullid Poulpere, and hemmith in a peace of Mr. Reskymer’s Parke at Merdon, so that with this creke, and the main se water of the haven, upon a 3 partes the parke is strenkthyd [surrounded]. Poul Wheverel about half a mile lower, having a brooke resorting to it. There is on the same side half a mile [lower] another creke callid Cheilow, alias Chalmansak. There be 4 crekes, (eche of thes crekes hath a broket resorting to them,) on the south-west side of the haven thus named. Pencastel the first, from the mouth, 4 miles beneth the bridges, whither shipes do resorte; and here is a trajectus from the one side of the haven to the other. This is a mile from the haven mouth, and here the shippes cummunely do ly. [2.] Caullons, half a mile upward. Then [3.] Mogun, a 2 miles higher, wher the bridge is, with the broken stone. S. Mogun’s Chirch upon Mogun Creeke. [4.] Gaire, wher the bridge is, with the causey and one arch, so that this brekith as a creke out of Mogun.

S. Mawnoun chirch, at the very point of the haven on 270 the side toward Falmouth, a se marke. Gelling creeke, agayne S. Mawnoun’s on the other side, hard without the haven mouth. Gilling creke brekith at the hed into 2 crekes.

S. Piranes, alias Keverine, wher the sanctuarie was, a mile from S. Antonies, and not a mile from the main se.

The patronage of S. Antonies longid to Trewardreth. S. Antonies chirch or chapel beside at —— sand. S. Antonies standith in the point of the land of Gilling creke, and the mouth of Hailford haven. Mr. Reskimer hath a maner caullid by his own name a mile from Moreden. There hath bene a fair house, but it felle to ruine in tyme of mynde. Mr. Reskimer berith in his armes a wolphe. One of the Reskimers gave land to S. Keverines, for sustentation of certein poore folkes. S. Keverine’s, 2 miles from Gilling creeke, and not a mile from the se. S. Keverine’s longgid to Bewle Abbay in Hampshir, and had a sanctuarie privilegid at S. Keverin’s.

From Gaire bridg to Tremain, wher Mr. Reskimer now dwellith, a good mile. This litle house longgid to Tremain, and in tyme of mynde cam by heire general to one Tretherde. This Tretherde hath, beside, landes and a praty maner place at —— John Reskimer’s mother was Tretherth’s [daughter.] There is in Devonshir one of the Tremayns a man of fayre landes.

From Tremayn over Heilford Haven to Morden, where Mr. Reskimer hath a ruinus maner place, and a fair park well woddid; wherof 3 partes is within the principal streme of the haven, and a creke caullid Poole Penrith, hemmid yn. Morden [is] in Constentine paroch.

Then I rode half a mile and more from Morden over the fresch water, that riseth no far distance off yn the hilles, and goith strait into Poulpenrith creeke. About half a mile farther, I rode over an arme of the broke that cummith doun to Poulwitheral creeke; and sone after I rode over the greater arme of the same broke, the salt arme lying in the bottom hard under it.

Then I rode a 4 miles by morey and rokky ground. And then within the space of half a mile, I cam to S. Budocus church. This Budocus was an Irisch man, and cam into Cornewalle, and ther dwellid. A litle from the chirch there enterid betwixt ij hilles on the shore a short creke lyke an havenet, but it was barrid.

And a quarter of a mile farther I cam to Arwennak, 271 Mr. Keligrewis place, stonding on the brimme or shore within Falemouth Haven. This place has been of continuance the auncient house of the Killigrewes. There was another house of the Keligrewis descending out of this, and it was in the toun of Penrine. Now both these houses be joynid yn one.

The very point of the haven mouth, being an hille wheron the King hath builded a castel, is caullid Pendinant, and longgith to Mr. Kiligrewe. It is a mile in cumpace, and is almost environid by the se; and where it is not, the ground is so low, and the cut to be made so litle, that it were insulatid. From S. Mawnon to Pendinas by water a 4 miles.

There lyith a litle cape or foreland within the haven, a mile dim. almost again Mr. Kiligrewis house, called Penfusis. Betwixt this cape and Mr. Kiligrew’s house, one great arme of the haven rennith up to Penrine toun.

Penrine 3 good miles from the very entery of Falmouth haven, and 2 miles from Penfusis. There dwellith an auncient gentilman, callid Trefusis, at this point of Penfusis.

Levine Prisklo, alias Levine Pole, betwixt S. Budocus and Pendinas; it were a good haven but for the barre of sande.

The first creke or arme that castith out on the northwest side of Falemuth, goith up [to] Penrin, and at the ende it brekith into 2 armes, the lesse to the College of Glasenith, i. viridis nidus, or wag-mier, at Penrin; the other to S. Gluvias, the paroch church of Penrine therby.

Out of eche side of Penrine creke, breaketh out an arme or ever it cum to Penrin. Stakes and foundation of stone sette in the creeke at Penrine, afore the toun, a little lower than wher it brekith into armes. A gap in the midle of the stakes, and a chain.

Good wood about the south and west syde of Penrith. One Walter [Brounscombe], Bishop of Excestre, made yn a more caullid Glesnith, in the bottom of a park of his at Penrine, a Collegiate chirch, with a provost, xij prebendaries, and other ministers. This college is strongly wallid and incastellid, having 3 strong towers and gunnes at the but of the creke.

Betwixt the point of land of Trefusis, and the point of Restronget wood, is Milor creek, and there is S. Milor’s church, and beyond the church is a good rode for shippes. 272 Milor creke goith up a mile. Good wood in Restronget.

The next creek beyond the point in Stronget Wood is caullid Restronget, and going ij miles into the land, it brekith into 2 armes; and St. [Feock’s] Church standith in the land betwixt; and on the arme is a stone bridg caullid Carr Bridg in the way thens to Truru. Betwixt Restrongith Creke, and the creke of Truru, be two creekes. Truru Creeke is next, and goith up a 2 miles creking up from the principal streme. This creke brekith withyn half a mile of Truru, and castith yn a creke westward by Newham Wood. This creke of Truru, afore the very toun, is devidid into 2 partes, and eche of them hath a brook cumming doun, and a bridge, and the toun of Truru betwixt them both. The White Freres house was on the west arme, yn Kenwyn streate. Kenwen streat is severid from Truru with this arme; and Clementes streat by est is seperate on the est side from Truru with the other arme. One paroche church in Truru self. Kenwen and Clementes streates hath several chirches, and bere the name of the sainctes of the paroch chirches. Coynage of tynne at Midsomer and Michelmas at Truru. Truru is a borow toun and privilegid. Ther is a castelle a quarter of a mile by west out of Truru, longging to the Earl of Cornwale, now clene doun. The site therof is now usid for a shoting and playing place. Out of the body of Truru creke on the est side, brekith a crek estwarde a mile from Truru, and goith up a mile dim. to Tresilian Bridge of stone. At the entry and mouth of this creeke is a rode for shippes, caullid Maples Rode. Here faught a late xviij sail of Marchant Spaniardes, and 4 shippes of warre of Depe. The Spaniardes chac’d hither the French men.

A mile and a half above the mouth of Truro Creke, caullid La Moran Creke, of the church of S. Moran. This creke goith into the land a quarter of a mile from the maine streme of the haven. The mayne streame goith up 2 miles above Moran creeke, ebbing and flowing; and a quarter of a mile above is the toune of Tregony, vulgo Tregny. Here is a bridge of stone aliquot arcuum apon Fala ryver. Fala river riseth a mile or more off Rochehille, and goith by Granborrow, [“Pons grandis,” i. e. Granpound] wher is a bridge of stone over it. Graunpond, a 4 miles from [Roche,] and 2 litle miles from Tregony. Mr. Tregyon hath a maner place richely begon and amply, but not endid, caullid Wulvedon, alias Goldoun. Fala ryver, is betwixt Graunpond and Tregony.

273 From Tregony to passe doune by the body of the haven of Falamuth, to the mouth of Lanyhorne creeke or pille on the south-est side of the haven, is a 2 miles. This creke goith up half a mile from the principale streame of the haven.

At the hed of this creeke standith the castelle of Lanyhorne, sumtyme a castel of an 8 toures, now decaying for lak of coverture. It longgid as principal house to the Archedecons. Thes landes descendid by heires general to the best Corbetes of Shropshir, and to Vaulx of Northamptonshir. Vaulx part syns bought by Tregyon of Cornewaul. From Lanyhorne pille is a place or point of land of 40 acres or therabout as a peninsula, and is caullid Ardeuerameur, and is a mile from Lanyhorne creke; and the water or creke that cummith or rennith into the south-south-est part is but a litle thyng, as of an half mile. The creke that hemmith this peninsula up into the land, yn on the west-south-west side, is the mayn land betwixt Crameur creke and this.

From the mouth of the west creke of this peninsula to S. Juste creeke a 4 miles or more. From S. Juste pille or creeke to S. Mauditus creeke is a mile dim.

The point of the land betwixt S. Juste creke and S. Maws is of sum caullid Pendinas, and on this point stondith, as yn the entery of S. Maws creek, a castelle or forteres late begon by the king.

[Vol. iii. p. 46. Inscriptions made [by Leland] at the request of Master Trewry at the Castelle of St. Maw’s.

Henricus Oct. Rex Angl. Franc. et Hiberniæ invictiss. me posuit præsidium Reipubl. terrorem Hostib.

Imperio Henrici, naves, submittite vela.

Semper honos, Henrice, tuus laudesque manebunt.

Edwardus famâ referat factisque parentem.

Gaudeat Edwardo duce nunc Cornubia felix.]

This creke of S. Maws goith up a 2 myles by est-north-est into the land, and so far it ebbith and flowith; and ther is a mylle dryven with a fresch brook that resortith to the creke. Scant a quarter of a mile from the castel on the same side, upper into the land, is a praty village or 274 fischar town with a pere, caullid S. Maw’s; and there is a chapelle of hym, and his chaire of stone a little without, and his welle. They caulle this Sainct there S. Mat —— he was a bishop in Britain, and [was] paintid as a scholemaster.

Half a mile from the hedde of this, downward to the haven, is a creke in a corner of a poole with a round mark, made in charte, on the which is a mille grinding with the tyde. A mile beneth that, on the south side enterythe a creke half a mile, and this is barrid by a smaul sand banke from the main sea. A mile beneth this, and almost agayn S. Maw, a creeke or poole goynge up a litle in —— at the but of this is a myle. And a celle of S. Antone longging to Plympton Priory, and here, of late dayes, lay 2 chanons of Plympton Priory.

All the crekes of Fala welle woddid.

From S. Antonies Point at the mayn se to Penare Point a 3 miles dim.

Grefe Islet lyith scant half a mile est of Penare, wherein breadeth gullis and other se foules. This Grefe lyith north from the Forne, a point or foreland in Britain, bytwene the wich is the entery of the sleve of the ocean. And betwixt Forne and Grefe is a v. kennynges; and here is breviss. trajectus by estimation from Cornewaulle into Britaines continent.

About a myle by west of Penare is a forte nere the shore in the paroch of S. Geron’s. It is a single dikyd, and within a but shot of the north side of the same apperith an hole of a vault broken up by a plough yn tylling. This vault had an issue from the castelle to the se. And a litle by north of the castelle a 4 or 5 borowes or cast hilles. A mile dim. from this there is another in the syde of an hille —— a quarter —— from the lordship of —— thy, sumtyme the Archdekens, now Corbettes and Tregions.

Dudeman Foreland or Point is about a 3 miles from Grefe. No wood on the very cost from S. Antonies Point to Dudeman. Inward yn the land is some woode ——. This chapelle land or point is in the park of Bodrugan; and yn this park was the house of Sir Henry Bodrugan, a man of auncient stok, atteyntid for takyng part with King Richard the 3 agayn Henry the 7; and after flying into Ireland, Syr Richard Eggecomb, father to Sir Pers Eggecombe, had Bodrigan and other parcelles of Bodrigan’s 275 landes. And Trevagnon had part of Bodrigan’s landes, as Restronget and Newham, both in Falamuth Haven.

From Chapel land to Pentowen, a sandy bay, witherto fischar bootes repair for a socour, a 2 myles. Here issuith out a praty ryver that cummith from S. Austelles, about a 2 miles dim. off. And there is a bridge of stone of the name of the town. This ryver rennith under the west side of the hille, that, the poore toun of S. Austelles stondith on. At S. Austelles is nothing notable but the paroch chirch.

From Pentowen to the Blake Hedd a mile. There is a fair quarre of whit fre-stone on the shore betwixt Pentowen and Blak Hed, whereof sum be usid in the inward partes of S. Mawe’s forteresse. The residew of morstone and slate. And Pendinas Castelle is of the same stone except the wallinge.

And in the cliffes between the Blak Hed and Tywartraith Bay is a certeyn cave, wheryn apperith thinges lyke images gilted. And also in the same cliffes be vaynis of metalles as coper and other.

There is, a mile from the entery of Tywartraith Bay up yn the land at the but ende of it, a paroch chirch of S. Blase, and ther is a new bridge of stone of the sainctes name over a broke that ther cummith into the bay.

Tywardreth, a praty toun but no market, lyith a quarter of a myle from the est side of the bay. Ther is a paroch chirch, and ther was a priory of blak monkes, a celle sumtyme to a house in Normandy. Sum say Campernulphus was founder of this priory. Sum say that Cardinham was founder. Arundale of Lanhern was of late taken for founder. I saw a tumbe in the west part of the chirch of the priori, with this inscription:

Hæc est Tumba Roberti filii Wilihelmi.

This Robert Fitz William was a man of fair landes tempore Edwardi 3. reg. Ang.

From Tywardreth toun to Fawey town a ij miles. The point of land on the est side of Tywardreth Bay is caullid Penarth Point. From Penarth to the haven mouth of Fawey is a 2 miles. Ther is at the west point of the haven of Fawey Mouth a blok house devised by Thomas Treury,[50] and made partely by his cost, partely by the town 276 of Fawey. A litle higher on this point of the hille is a chapel of S. Catarine. And hard under the roote of this hille a litle withyn the haven mouth, is a litle bay or creke bering the name of Catarine.

About a quarter of a mile upper on this the west side of Fawey haven is a square toure of stone for defence of the haven, made about King Edward the 4. tym; and litle above this tower on the same side is Fawey Town, lying alonge the shore, and builded on the side of a great slatey rokkid hille. In the midle of the toun apon the shore self is a house buildid quadrantly in the haven, which shadowith the shippes in the haven above it from 3 partes of the haven mouth, and defendith them from stormes. The name of the toun of Fawey is in Cornisch Conwhath. It is set on the north side of the haven, and is set hangging on a maine rokky hille, and is in length about a quarter of a mile. The towne longgid to one Cardinham, a man of great fame, and he gave it to Tywartraith Priorie, of the which sum say that Cardinham was founder; sum say Campernulph of Bere. But at this gift Fawey was but a smaul fischar toun. The paroch chirch of Fawey is of S. Fimbarrus, and was impropriate to the priorie of Tywartraith. The glorie of Fawey rose by the warres in King Edward the first and the thirde and Henry the v. day, partely by feates of warre, partely by pyracie, and so waxing riche felle al to marchaundice, so that the town was hauntid with shippes of diverse nations, and their shippes went to all nations. The shippes of Fawey sayling by Rhie and Winchelsey, about Edward the 3. tyme, wold vale no bonet beyng requirid; wherapon Rhy and Winchelsey men and they faught, when Fawey men had victorie, and therapon bare the armes mixt with the armes of Rhy and Winchelsey, and then rose the name of the ‘Gallaunts of Fawey.’ The French men diverse tymes assailid this town, and last most notably about Henry the vj. tyme, when the wife of Thomas Treury the 2. with her men repellid the French out of her house in her housebandes absence. Wherapon, Thomas Treury buildid a right fair and stronge embatelid tower in his house, and embateling all the waulles of the house, in a maner made it a castelle, and onto this day it is the glorie of the town building in Faweye. In Edwarde the 4. day, 2. stronge towers were made a litle beneth the town, one on eche side of the haven, and a chayne to be drawen over. When warre in Edward the 4 dayes seasid bytwene the 277 French men and Englisch, the men of Fawey, usid to pray [spoil], kept their shippes and asaillid the Frenchmen in the sea agayn King Edwardes commandement; wherapon the capitaines of the shippes of Fawey were taken and sent to London, and Dertemouth men commaunded to fetche their shippes away, at which tyme Dertmouth men toke them in Fawy, and toke away, as it is said, the great chein that was made to be drawen over the haven from towre to towre.

From Fawey town end by north in the haven is Chagha mille pille, a litle uppeward on the same side. A good mile above Chagha mille pille is on this west side Bodmyn pille, having [a landing place] for wares, then to be caried to Bodmyn.

A quarter of a mile from Bodmyn creek mouth up into the haven on the same side is Gullant a fischar tounlet.

From Gullant to Lantian pille or creek about half a mile: it goith up but a litle into the land. Lantiant lordship longid to the Erle of Saresbyri. Barret, a man of mene landes, dwellith bytwixt Gullant and Lantient pille.

From Lantiant pille to Bloughan pille or creke nere a mile; it crekith up but a litle.

From Bloughan to Lostwithiel scant a mile on the principal streame of Fawey river. It hath ebbid and flowen above Lostwithiel; but now it flowith not ful to the toun. In Lostwithiel is the shir haul of Cornewaul. Therby is also the coynege haul for tynne. The town is privilegid for a borow; and there is wekely a market on Thursday. Richardus Rex Rom. comes Cornubiæ privilegid this town. The paroch chirch is of S. Barptolome. There comithe a broket from west throghe the side of Lostwithiel, and goith est into Fawey ryver, dividinge Penknek from Lostwithiel.

Penknek is yn Lanleverey paroch.

Carteis, a gentleman of almost an 100 mark land, dwellith betwyxt Bloughan and Penknek by Lostwithiel.

The park of Restormel is hard by the north side of the town of Lostwithiel. Tynne workes in this parke. Good woode in this parke. Ther is a castel on an hil in this park, wher sumtymes the Erles of Cornewal lay. The base court is sore defacid. The fair large dungeon yet stondith. A chapel cast out of it, a newer work then it, and now 278 onrofid. A chapel of the Trinite in the park, not far from the castelle.

The castel of Cardinham, a 4. miles or more by north from Lostwithiel. To this castelle longith many knightes services. Arundale of Lanherne. The Lord Souch, Compton and —— partith Cairdinham’s landes.

The ryver of Fawey risith in Fawey more about a 2. miles from Camilford by south, in a very wagmore in the side of an hil. Thens to Draynesbridge, of flat more stones. Thens to Clobham bridg, drownid with sand, ij miles and more. Thens to Lergen bridge of 2 or 3 arches, a mile lower. Thens to Newbridg of stone archid, a 2 miles. Thence to Resprin bridge of stone archid, alias Laprin, about 2 miles. Thens to Lostwithiel bridge of five arches, two miles. A litle above Lostwithiel bridge of stone, the ryver of Fawey brekith into 2 armes; wherof at this day the lesse goith to the ston bridge, the bigger to a wodde bridge even again[st] and but a litle way of from the stone bridge; and after a praty way lower the armes cum again to one botom. The great part of Fawey water is by policie turnid from the ston bridg for choking of it, and for to put the sande of from the botom of the toun. The stone bridge, in tyme of memorie of men lyving, was of arches very depe to the sight; the sande is now cum to within a 4 or 5 feete of the very hedde of them. The sande that cummith from tynne workes is a great cause of this, and yn tyme to cum shaul be a sore decay to the hole haven of Fawey. Barges as yet cum with marchanties within half a mile of Lostwithiel.

From Lostwithiel doun along Fawey ryver to S. Winnous, an abbate chirch, a good myle. By the wich chirch of old tyme enhabitid a gentilman, Joannes de S. Winnoco. After the Lordes Hastinges wer owners of it; and then sold to Guiliam Loures gret-grandfather now lyving. This Lower hath to wife one of the 2 daughters of Thomas Treury. By this chirch is a warfe to make shippes by. Much good wood at S. Ginokes, and on the other side of the haven agayn it. From S. Guinows chirch to the point of S. Winows wood, half a mile. Here goith yn a salt crek half a mile on the est side of the haven, and at the hed of it is a bridge caulled Lerine bridge, and the creke berith also the name of Lerine.

At the north side of this Lerine creke, almost at the 279 hedd, is Teuthey, Laurence Courteneis house. It longgid ons to Stonnard, sins to Cayle, and now last to the Courteneis of the house of Devonshir descendinge. From Lerine creke to S. Carac pille or creeke, about half a mile lower on the said est side of the haven; it goith a mile dim. up into the land.

In midle of this creke on the north side was a litle celle of Saint Cyret and Julette, longging to Montegue Priory. From the mouth of S. Carak pille to Poulmorlande pille about a mile. It goith scant a quarter of a mile up into the lande, and at the hedde goith into 2 armes.

From the mouth of Poulmorlande to Bodenek village half a mile, wher the passage is to Fawey, and from —— Mr. Mohun hath a maner place, caullid the Haul, on an hil above this village.

From Bodenek to Pelene Point a quarter of a mile, and here enterith a pille or creeke half a mile up into the land.

At the hed of this pille is a chapel of St. Wilow, and by it is a place caullid Lamelin, lately longging to Lamelin, now to Trelauny by heir general. Trelauny’s house is at Meneheneth by Liscard. On the south side of this creke is the paroch church, caullid Lanteglise juxta Fawey, being the paroch chirch of Bodenek and Poulruan. From the mouth of this creke to Poulruan, a good fischar town, a quarter of a mile. And at this Poulruan toun is a tower of force, marching again the tower on Fawey side. Ther was ons, as it is said, a chaine to go over the haven from tower to toure. The haven mouth of Fawey is a 2 bow shottes of.

The very point of land at the est side of the mouth of this haven, is caullid Pontus crosse, vulgo Paunch crosse.

From Lostwithiel to Castledour, now clene doun, 3 good miles by plentiful ground of corn and grasse. Castledour longgid to the Erle of Sarisbyri.

A mile of is a broken crosse thus inscribed, Conomor et filius cum Domina Clusilla.

From Pontus Crosse to Poulpirrhe about a six miles, wher is a little fischar toun and a peere, with a very litle creke and a broke. Ther is a crikket betwixt Poulpirrhe and Low. From Poulpirrhe to Low creke dry at half ebbe a 2 miles. On eche side of the entery of this creke is a toun, the one caullid Est Low, the other West Low.

Est Low is a praty market toun. There is a great bridge 280 of a 12 archis over Low creke, to go from the one toun of Low to the other. Good wood about Low creke.

Ther is a maner place caullid Trelaun about this Low creke, sumtyme Bonvilles, now the Marquise of Dorsetes. Salmon taken yn this creke. Kendale and Code, gentilmen, dwelle yn Morel paroche on the est syde of this creke.

From Low creeke to Seton bridge of stone of a 2 archis, and Setoun ryver a 3 miles.

From Seton to Ramehed, about a 9 miles.

From Fawey over the haven to Bodenek, a fischar town, wherby Mr. Mohun hath a manor place.

Thens a 5 miles by very pleasaunt inclosid ground prately wooddid, plentiful of corn and grasse.

Then a 3 miles by mory and hethy ground.

Then 2 miles by hilly and woddy ground to Liscard.

About half a mile or 1 cam to Liskard, I passid in a wood by a chapel of owr Lady, caullid “our Lady in the Park,” wher was wont to be gret pilgrimage. This chapelle of ease longgith to Liskard, and so doth 2 or 3 more.

Liskard stondith on rokky hilles, and is the best market town at this day in Cornwaul, saving Bodmin. In this toun the market is kept on Monday. The paroch chirch is of S. Martin, stondith on an hil, and is a fair large thing. The personage is impropriate to ——. Ther was a castel on an hille in the toun side, by north from S. Martin. It is now al in ruine. Fragments and peaces of waulles yet stond. The site of it is magnificent and looketh over al the toun. This castelle was the Erles of Cornwaul. It is now usyd somtym for a pound of cattell. This towne knowledgith fredom and privileges by the gift of Richard King of Romanes, and Erle of Cornewaul. Ther is a goodly conduct in the midle of the town very plentiful of water to serve the town.

From Liskard to Fowey 10.

From Liskard to Launstoun 12 miles.

From Liskard to Lostwithiel 10.

From Liskard to Bodmin 10.

From Liskard to Low Market 7.

From Liskard to S. Germanes a 6 miles.

From Liskard to Plymmouth a 12 miles.

Cumming out of Liskarde, about half a mile, I left Cortyder, a goodly lordship and an old maner place, on the right hond; it is a hunderith pounde by the yere. This is now fawllen onto heir-general in partition. Cotyder, 281 and the lordship of Tregelley, now caullid Minheneth lordship, longgid (as Mr. Trelawney told me) to one Heling or Eling. Cotyder cam after hime, therof named Cotyder —— had male —— and Cotyder, now Beket hath Cotyder self ——. Corington and another of them had ——.

From Liskard to Minheneth 2 miles, wher is a fair large old chirch. The personage of it is impropriate to ——. From Mynhenet to the ruines of Bodulcan’s place a 2 miles. The maner of Minheneth was sumtime caullid Tregelly, wherof the name and sum ruines yet remaine. Trelawney now lyving, is the 4. of that name that hath be lord of Minheneth. Ther was one Sir John Trelawney, sn auncient gentilman, father to the first Trelawney of Minheneth, but be likelihod he had an elder sun; for Trelawney now living hath none of the landes, but it is descendid to heires generales.

Half a mile off, a great brooke, after the course of a 4 miles, resorting to Liner and S. Germanes creke a this side S. Germanes.

Another broket a quarter of a mile beyond, that resortith to the other.

Thens to Natter Bridge of 2 or 3 archis, 4 miles. It stondith on Liner Ryver. This ryver, as far as I could lerne, riseth by north-est up towardes the quarters of Launstoun.

The soile betwixt Minheneth and Natter bridge very good and enclosid, and metely wel woddyd. From Natter bridge to S. Germanes about a 2 miles.

The town of S. Germanes on the side of Liner as I came to this bridge. S. Germanes is but a poore fischar town. The glory of it stoode by the priory. S. Germanes stondith about a 3 miles in Liner creke from the mayne strond of Tamar haven.

From Liner bridge to Asche aboute a 4 miles by much like grounde. Asche is a praty market toun, and is set from the toppe of a rokky hille, as by west to the roote of the same, and very shore of Tamar haven by este. The tounes men use boothe marchandise and fischar. Thir is a chapel of ease in Asche. The paroch chirch is caullid S. Stephan’s, about half a mile off by south, the personage wherof is impropriate to Windesore College.

By S. Stephanes, and in S. Stephanes paroch is the graunt and auncient castelle of Tremertoun, apon a rokky 282 hille, wherof great peaces yet stond, and especially the dungeon. The ruines now serve for a prison. Great libertees long to this castelle. The Valetortes, men of great possession, wer owners, and, as far as I can gather, builders of this castel, and owners and lordes of the toun of Aische.

These crekes I notid on the west side of Tamar. Fyrst, I markid in sight above Asche toun, a 2 miles or more, the principal arme of Tamar haven going up into the land about a 10 miles from that place to Caulstoke bridge, witherto it almost ebbith and flowith. And shippes cum up within a mile of this bridg to a place caullid Morleham. And this place is but a 3 miles from Tavestoke. Tavestoke is countid to be but 10 miles from Asche to go the next way. Betwixt the 2 miles from Asche to the mayne arme of Tamar in sight I markid, descending in the haven, 3 crekes breking out into the land, wherof the first lyith by north-west creking up into the land. The second lyith west-north-west. The 3 plaine west, and this crekid to the land scant half a mile. Scant a mile lower lyith Liner creke, goyng up onto S. Germanes.

The toune of Asch stondith bytween these 2 crekes. Then brekith a litle creke out caullid John’s or Antony. And at the mouth, about S. Nicholas, brekith in a creek goyng up to Milbrok, 2 miles up in land from the mayn haven. This Milbrok is a riche fischar toun.

Penle, a fore land, lyith 3 miles lower from this creke into the ——. And the promontorie of Ramehed a mile lower.

Morwel, the Abbat of Tavestok house, about a mile from Morleham.

Tamar a litle from Morwelle.

From Tavestok to Greston bridge a 6 miles, and then a 3 miles to Launston.

Tamar a 2 miles and more from Tavestok.

Calstok bridge, or New Bridge, two miles from Milbrok, the first creeke. S. John the next. Liner the 3. The 4 a litle above Aische. The 5 without fail is the maine streame of Tamar.

From Reddon the land lying south-west on S. Nicholas Isle to Cair Grene, wher Tamar turnith west a 6 miles. Tamar, going a mile west, for the most part after goith north.

283 Creekes from the mouth of Plym and Tamar upon the est side of the haven.—The Mylle bay. The Stone-house creke. Kaine place creke, wher is a maner place of Mr. Wise’s. The creeke —— having a mille at the hed, it is in lenght a 2 miles. A 4 mile upper, a creke going up to Mr. Budokes side, wher is his manor place, and S. Budok chirch. Ther dwellith by this creke also Copston of Warley, a man of xx C. markes of lande as it is saide. Then is the uppermost, wher Tave water cummith onto Tamar. And on the est side of this creeke is Bukland. And on the west side is Bere, wher the Lord Brokes house and park was. Bere is a mile from the creke mouthe. Bukland is a two miles from the creke mouthe. The towne of Plymmouth is about a 3 miles from the passage of Asche. The trajectus self at Asch half a mile.

The ground betwixt the Passage and Plymmouth hath good corn but litle wood. Perse Eggecombe had a manor by Ramehed. Perse Eggecombe hath a goodly house in Cornwalle on Tamar at the mouth of Plimmouth haven.

THE MYDDEL PART OF CORNEWALE. (Vol. vii. fol. 117.)

By the ryver of Tamar from the hedde north-north-est yssuyng owt towarde the sowthe, the contery being hilly, ys fertile of corne and gresse, with sum tynne warkes wrougth by violens of water.

Hengiston, beyng a hy hylle and nere Tamar, yn the est part, baryn of his self, yet is fertile by yelding of tynne both be water and dry warkes.

The myddel of Cornewale to the est part hy montaynes, rochel ground, very baren, with sum tynne warkes yn them.

Cornewal thoroughowt from the east part to the west, nerer to the north part then to the sowth, ys hy montaynes baren ground. Fruteful from Launston to Bodman, yn a drye somer good for pasturage for catel, wyth sum tynne werkes.

Looke for Dosmery Poole almost by S. Annes hille.

From Bodman to Redruthe village, nerer to the north se then to the sowth, be by montaynes, baren also, yelding bare pasture and tynne.

From Redruth to Carne Godolghan the contery ys hylly, very baren of gresse, and plenteful of tynne.

From Lanant to S. Juste, alias Justinian, beyng the 284 very west poynt of al Cornewayle, the north part ys montaynes and baren growne, but plenteful of tynne. The very west poynt, as yt is cawled now in Cornysch, ys Penwolase, id est infimum caput.

THE NORTH PART OF CORNEWALE.

Fro Stratton, not very far from the hedde of Tamar, to Padstow, the contery by the north se ys rather hylle then montaynenius, and is very fertile of gras and corne. And the clives of the sayd northe se, betwne the places aforesayd, hath good fyne blew slates, apt for howse kyveryng, and also hath diverse vaynes of leade and other metalles not yet knowen.

Also abowt Camelford ar certen old mynes, wrought yn tymes past, but of what metalle yt ys now onknowen. Withyn a myle above that poore village sowth, runneth the ryver that goyth ynto the Severn Se at Paddistow, and it is the greatest ryver on the north side of Cornewale, and ys cawled yn the commune spech there Dunmere, and yn the Kyngges grawnt of privilege to the Chanons of Bodmynne, and the burgeses of the same towne, Alan, yt may fortune for Alaune. Sum historyes cawl it Cablan. By this ryver Arture fawght his last field, yn token whereof the people fynd there yn plowyng, bones and harneys.

Wythyn iiii. myles of the sayd Camylford, apon the north clif ys Tintagel, the which castel had be lykekod iii. wardes, wherof ii. be woren away with gulfyng yn of the se, insomuch that yt hath made ther almost an isle, and no way ys to enter ynto hyt now but by long elme trees layde for a bryge; so that now withoute the isle rennith alonly a gate howse a walle, and a fals braye dyged and wallid. In the isle remayne old walles, and in the est part of the same, the ground beyng lower, remayneth a walle embateled, and men alyve saw theryn a postern dore of yren. Ther is in the isle a prety chapel, with a tumbe on the left syde. Ther ys also yn the isle a welle, and ny by the same ys a place hewen owt of the stony grownd to the length and brede of a man. Also ther remayneth yn the isle a grownd quadrant-walled as yt were a garden plot. And by this walle appere the ruines of a vault. The ground of this isle now nuryshyth shepe and conys.

285 Paddistow, a haven towne of one paroch of fysscher men, wher shyppes cum not yn but at the flowyng water. The grownd by the se cost from Paddestow to Saynct Anne’s Hille, wheron ys no maner of buylding, the ground sumwhat hilly ys fruteful of corn and gresse, but with lytle tynne.

In the est part of Paddestow haven be ii —— [ro]kketes that —— yth se ——. The est —— ys cawled —— tyre, and so ys the land that lyeth agaynst yt.

Apon an viii myles from Paddestou ys a lytle howse of canons secular, cawled Crantoke.

Fro Sainct Anne’s Hil to Lanant, a village, the contery by the north se ys sumwhat hilly, sanday, and baren, and yn sundery places of the same, wel replenyshed with tynne.

By Conarton cummith a rywer, cawllid Dour Conor, and goith to the se, not far from Lanant ryver mouth.

From Lanant by the north se to S. Just, alias Justinian, wher ys no thyng but a paroch chirch and divers sparkeled [i. e. scattered] howses at the west poynt of the shore, cawlid ——.

In the mouth of the ryver that cummyth by Lanant ys the rokket Godryve, wheryn bredith se fowle.

The ground ys but baren, but yt hath yn divers places good tynne warkes.

By al the north se yn Cornewale be sundry crekes, wher as smawle fisshers’ bootes be drawne up to dry land, and yn fayr wether the inhabitans fysche with the same.

At Paddestow Haven, Lanant, and S. Ives, the balinggars and shyppes ar saved and kept for al weders with keyes or peres.

Dosmery Poole, stonding yn the east part of the same, sumwhat toward the sowth, is of lenght by estimation ii. arow shottes, and of bredth one, stonding on a hille, yn the est part of the which poole ys a vale of xiiii. or xv. fadome depe by estimation, and owt of this poole issueth a ryver, the which runnyng by the space of a myle and a dim. ys of ii. fadome deep, and is cawled Depe Hatche. Looke wher he issueth ynto the se.

Also yn the sayd hilly grownd and mooresch be redde deere, the wich when they be schafed take the sayde poole for soyle.

Ther be of the Isles of Scylley CXLVII, that bare gresse (besyde blynd rokkettes) and they be by estimation a xxx 286 myles from the west part of Cornewale. In the byggest isle of the Scylleys, cawled S. Nicholas Isle, ys a litle pyle or fortres, and a paroch chyrche, that a monke of Tavestoke yn peace doth serve as a membre to Tavestoke Abbay. Ther be yn that paroch abowt a lx. howseholdes. Ther is one isle of the Scylleys cawled Rat Isle, yn the which be so many rattes, that yf horse or any other lyving beast be browght thyther they devore hym. Ther is another cawled Bovy Isle. Ther is another cawled Inisschawe, that is to sey the Isle of Elder, by cause it berith stynkkyng elders. There be wild bores or swyne.

From S. Just to Newlin eastward the grownd ys sumwhat hilly and fertyle of gresse, with tynne werkes both weete and dry, without havyn or creeke, savyng yn dyvers places ther remayne capstaynes, lyke engins as shyppes doth way ther ancres by, wherwith they draw ther bootes up to dry land, and fisch but yn fayr wether.

Also yn the sowth-west poynt betwyxt S. Just and Newlyn ys a poynt or a promontory almost envyronid with the se, wheryn ys nothyng but as yt were a hil enclustered with rokkes as yt had bene yn tymes past a castel, (Castel Treuyne) and for the declaration therof there remayne yet toward the land ii. wardes clene fawllen downe, but the stones of them remayne ther very fayre and well quadrated. The ruine of the fortelet yn the poynt ys at thys day a hold irrecuperable for the fox.

Ther lyith betwixt the sowth west and Newlyn a myle or more off the se, S. Buryens, a sanctuary, wherby, as nere to the chyrch, be not above viii. dwellyng howses. Ther longeth to S. Buryens a deane and a few prebendarys, that almost be nether [never?] ther. And S. Buryens ys a iiii. myles fro the very sowth-west poynt.

Newlin ys a poore fischar towne, and hath alonly a key for shippes and bootes, with a lytle socur of land water. Within a arow shoot of the sayd key or pere, lyith directly a lytle low island, with a chapel yn yt. And this lytle islet bereth gresse.

Mowsehole ys a praty fyschar town yn the west part of Montes-bay, lying hard by the shoore, and hath no savegarde for shyppes, but a forced pere. Also yn the bay be est the same towne ys a good roode for shyppes, cawled Gnaves Lake.

Pensants, abowt a myle fro Mowsehole, stonding fast in the shore of Mont-bay, ys the westest market towne of 287 al Cornwayle, and no socur for botes or shyppes, but a forsed pere or key. Ther is but a chapel yn the sayd towne as ys yn Newlyn. For theyr paroche chyrches be more then a myle off.

Marhasdeythyou, [Marketjew,] alias forum Jovis, ys a fischar towne, with a market, and standeth fast apon the shore of the bay, directly agaynst the foote of S. Michael’s Mont northward.

In Marhasdeythyow ys but a poore chapel yn the mydde of the poore town, and a lytle chapel yn the sand nere by the towne toward the Mont. Be the west end of the towne ys a lake, or a rivulus, the hedde wherof risith withyn a myle of Lanant northwordde fro Marhesdeythyou. Betwyxt the hedd of this rivulus and the nerest part of the ryver of Heyle, that cummeth yn to the se at Lanant is not a myle. And the grownd of bred [breadth] betwene the ful se marke at forum Jovis, and the ful se marke of Lanant ryver, is not ii. myles.

The cumpace of the roote of the mont of S. Michael is not dim. myle abowt. The sowth-sowth-est part of the mont is pasturable and breedith conys. The resydue hy and rokky. In the north-north-est ys a garden with certen howses with shoppes for fischar men. The way to the chyrche enteryth at the north syd from half heb to half fludde to the foote of the mont, and so ascendeth by steppes and greces westward, and thens returneth estward to the utter ward of the chyrch. Withyn the sayd ward is a court strongly walled, wheryn on the sowth syde is the chapel of S. Michael, and yn the east syde a chapel of our Lady. The capytaynes and prestes lodginges be yn the sowth syde, and the west of S. Mich. chapel. The Mont is enclosid with the se fro dim. flud to dim. ebbe; otherwyse men may cum to the Mont afoote. Ther be found from the inward part of the —— yvers —— re stones —— wes and —— ois v miles —— the se. In the bay betwyxt the Mont and Pensants be fownd neere the lowe-water marke rootes of trees yn dyvers places, as a token of the grownde wasted. The cumpace of the bay ys from Lyzart poynt to Newlyn abowt a xx. myles.

Wythyn iii. myles of Lyzart Poynt ys a lytle isle withyn the bay, cawled Inispriuen, and conteyneth ii. acres of grownd, wheryn be byrddes and conies. The ground fro Newlin to Loo Poole by the sowth se ys not very fertile, but hath good tynne workes. Fro the poynt of Lyzart to 288 Hayleford haven the grownd is fertile of corn and gresse by the sowth se. Also wythyn iii. myles of the sowth se betwene Haylford and the est syde of Montes-bay is a wyld moore, cawled Gunhilly, i. e. hilly hethe, wher ys brood of catayle. Also yn the west syde of the poynt of Hayleford haven, and withyn the land of Meneke or Menegland, is a paroch chirch of S. Keveryn, otherwis Piranus; and ther is a sanctuary with x. or xii. dwelling howses, and therby was a sel [cell] of monkes, but now goon home to ther hed hows. The ruines of the monastery yet remenith.

Wythyn ii myles of the hedde of the ful se marke of Heyle ryver ys Heylston, a market town, withyn the which ther is a cowrt for the coynage of tynne kept twys yn the yeer. Yn the town is both a chapel and a paroch, and yet apperith in the town vestigia castelli yn the west part. And a ryver runnyng under the same vestigia of the castel yssueth toward the sowthe see, stopped ther with sowth-est wyndes casting up sandes maketh a poole cawled Loo, of an arow shot yn brede, and a ii. myle in cumpas yn the somer; in the wynter, by reason of fluddes, flowing to Heylston toun; wherby the mylles ner Heylston beyng stopped, men be constrayned to cut the sandy banke betwyxt the mowth of the poole and the se, wherby the water may have yssne, and the mylles grynd, by the which gut so opened, the se floweth and ebbeth yn to the poole, wherby se fysch enteryng with a sowth-est winde ys closed yn the poole, the gut beyng agayn choked and fylled with sand, and so after taken with trowtes and eles drawen yn the same poole.

The cowntery fro Newlyn to Heylston ys meetely fertyle of gresse and corn, and plentuus of tynne by the sowth se. Fro the mowthe of Heylford to Falemuth be water ys iiii. myles.

Falemuth ys a havyn very notable and famose, and yn a maner the most principale of al Britayne; for the chanel of the entre hath be space of ii. myles ynto the land xiiii. fadum of depes, which communely ys caullyd Caryk-rood, by cawse yt ys a sure herboro for the greatest shyppes that travayle be the ocean. At the entre of the haven lyith a blynd roke covered at ful see nerer the west side of the haven then the east, cawled Caregroyne, i. e. Insula vel rupes potius vitulorum marinorum, alias Seeles. Seles when they cast theyr calves, they cum to lond, and lay theyr fœtum in a dry banke, the which they may com to, 289 and ther they suffer theyr fœtum to tary a whyle or they bring hym to the se. In the est syde of the sayde haven entereth a creek flowing by the space of ii. myles ynto land, and ys fed at the hedde with fresche water. Apon the sowthe syde of this creke ys a selle longing to the howse of Plymton, cawled S. Antony’s, having but ii. chanous. On the very north shoore of the sayd creeke towardo the havyn’s mowth ys a poor fischar village, called S. Mausa, alias la Vausa; and nygh to this village toward the same haven ys a fortelet lately buylded by the contery for the defens of the haven. In the west syde of the haven is a creeke that flowith up fro the haven’s mowth ynto the land above iii. myles, at the very hedd of the which standeth a prety town of marchandyse and vytayle market. Withyn the towne ys a colleg wel walled and dyked defensabley cawled S. Thomas, wher be seculer chanons and a provost. Also yn the towne ys a chapel, and a quarter of a myle owt of the town ys the paroch chyrch; also viii. myles and more above the sayd haven’s mowth is a market towne est-north-est, cawled Trureu, wheryn is a mayre, and also coynag for tynne, with a paroch chyrch and a blake freers. Also on the sowth-est syde, at the hedde of the olde ful-se marke of Falemuth, is a market toune xii myles. and more up ynto land, cawled Tregoney, wheryn is an old castel and a paroch chyrch of S. James, standing in a more by the castel, also a ch[apel?] standing yn the myddes of the towne; and at the est end of the town a paroch chyrche.

S. Austol’s, a poore village with a paroche chyrch, is vi. myles east fro Tregoney.

Trewardreth Bay hath at the hedde on the est side a poore village with a paroche chyrch, and a priory yn the same town of Cluny monkes.

From Falemuth to Trewardreth by the sowth se the ground is metely fertyle of corn and gresse, and no tyn werkes from Falemuth to Dudman Foreland.

In the mydde way betwene Falemuth and Dudman is an islet or roke beryng gresse, cawled Grefe, a ii. acres about, but standyng yn the myddes torring upright. Ther bredeth yn the isle se fowle.

Fro Dudman Foreland to Trewardreth, the contre sumwhat baren of gresse and corne, and replenishid with tynne werkes, with vaynes yn the se clyves of coper. From Trewardreth to Fowey town ys ii. myles. Bytwene thes 290 townes by the sowth se ther is plenty of corn and gresse, but no tynne werkes.

The town of Fowey ys a market town, walled defensably to the se cost, and hath gates also. Yn the town is but one chyrche, but the howses of the towne be well buylded of stone and yl enhabited. Also at the entery of the haven on the west syd is a blokke howse and a chapel of S. Catarine, be the same. Also ther is on the same syd a towre with ordenans for defens of the haven.

On the west syde, a ii. myles up yn the haven, ys a fyssher towne cawled Gullant.

At the hedd of the ful se marke of this haven, and a quarter of a mile more, is the toune of Lostwhythyel, havyng a market, and ys the shyre towne of Cornewal. For ther the shyre is kept by the shryfe ons yn the moneth. Also at this town is quynag of tynne twys a yere. And by the shyre hawle appere ruines of auncyent buyldinges. It is evydently knowen that yt hath flowed to Lostwhythiel; but the spuing of the sandes of the tynne werkes hath stoppe yt now. The litle rownd castel of Restormel standith in the kinges parke ny to Lostwithiel. At the est syde of the haven’s mowth of Fowey stondith a towr for the defens therof, and a chapel of S. Savyor a lytle above the same. Ny by the sayd towr standith a fysshar village, cawled Polruan.

A myle beyond Polruen on the est syde of the same haven, stondith a poore fisshar village, caullid Bodennek, Ther is the passage or trajectus to Fowey.

ii. myles above Bodennek ynto the land northward is a creke apon the north syde, wheryn ys a sel of ii. blake monkes of Montegu, and is dedicat to S. Sirice and Julit.

By est the haven of Fowey apon a iiii. myles ys a smawle creke, cawled Poul Pier, and a symple and poore village apon the est syde of the same, of fisshar men, and the bootes ther fishing by, saved by a peere or key.

In the est syde also of this Poul Pyrre, ii. myles of, is another creke cawled Loow, being but a tyde creke. For at low water benethe the bridge a man may both wade and ryde over in the somer. Ther is on eyther side of this smaule creke a smaule fissher villag hard on the se shore, the one cawlled Est and the other West Loow, Est Loowe being a market towne, and yn eyther of them a chapel. Also yn the sayde creekes mouth, neere sumwhat to the sowthe-west, is a lowe isle cauled S. Nicholas Isle, not a 291 quarter of a myle far the mayn shore, and conteyneth a vi. or viii. acres in cumpace, and fedeth shepe and conies, nurishing also broode of se byrdes. Ther is a bridg sumwhat above thes ii. vyllages of x. or xii. stone arches, over the which men passe when the se ys yn.

Fro Fowey haven to Lowe creeke the grownd ny the see syde ys very fertile of corne and gresse, and no tynne werkes.

From Loowe Creke to Tamar ys a xii. myles toward the towne of Plymmuth. Yn the west syde of Tamar, withyn iii. myles of the haven muth of Tamar, is a symple fisshar towne called Mylbrooke. Also apon another creke west of the sayd ryver, and nerer up, is a towne cawled S. Germayns, wherin is now a priori of Blake Chanons, and a paroche chirche yn the body of the same. Beside the hye altare of the same priory on the right hand ys a tumbe in the walle with an image of a bishop; and over the tumbe a xi. bishops paynted with their names and verses as token of so many bishoppes biried there, or that ther had beene so many bishoppes of Cornwalle that had theyr seete theer. And at this day the bishop of Exceter hathe a place cauled Cudden Beke, joyning hard apon the sowth-est side of the same toun.

North-est of S. Germaynes, vi. myles apon the ryver of Tamar, is a market town cawled Asshe. And neere to the same, westward withyn ii. myles, ys a rownd castel of the kinges, cawled Trematon, as a man showld say the secund forteres on Tamar. At the towne of Asshe is a passage or fery of a quarter of a myle over.

Also ii. myles fro Asshe northward ynto the land is a smaul village cawled Caregrin. Est of this is Bere Parke and hous in Devonshire, dividid from Caregrin tantum Tamara.

From Low to Tamar by the sowth se the grownd is fertile of corn and gresse, but withowt tynne warkes.

Launston, otherwys cawlled Lostephan, yn old tyme cawlled Dunevet, stondith ii. myles beyownd Powlston Bridge on Tamar westward. The sayde town Dunevet, otherwise Lawnston, is a walled towne ny yn cumpas a myle, but now ruinus. On the north side of the towne a castel stonding on a hye hille withyn the sayd towne, hath iii. rownde wardes. Part of the castel stonding northwest, ys parcel of the walle of the town. Ther be withyn this town iii. gates and a postern; also a gate to go owt 292 of the castel ynto the old parke. Sum gentelmen of Cornewal hold ther landes by castel-gard, that ys to say for reparation of this castel and towne; and withyn this castel ys a chapel, and a hawle for syses and sessions, for a commune gayle for al Cornwayle is yn this castel. Withyn this towne is a market, a mayre and burgesses, with a chapel of Mary Magdalen to theyr uses.

In a vale at the foote of the hil of the sayde town, abowt an arow shot fro the castel northward, is a priory of chanons regular dedicate to St. Stephan.

North-est, almost half a myle of the sayde priory, is a lytle village apon a hille, and a paroche chirche of S. Stephen yn yt. The opinion is that the chanons first dwelled on this hille, and cam thens downe to a better and a warmer site. In the priory chirche yarde standeth also a paroche chyrche.

The wall of Dunevet ys hy, larg, and strong, and defensably set.

By the north side of the priory runneth a litle ryver.

In Dunevet be ii. conduites of derived water.

293

APPENDIX. VIII.

DRAYTON’S POLY-OLBION.—CORNWALL.

Michael Drayton was born of a gentleman’s family in Warwickshire in the year 1563. His ancestors are said to have migrated from Drayton in Lancashire.

Michael exhibited a strong genius for poetry at an early age. He studied at Oxford, but without taking a degree. In 1588 he appears to have served in a military capacity; as he describes the glorious victory over the Invincible Armada, as seen by himself, from the shore near Dover. He died in 1631, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Mr. Drayton was a very voluminous writer of Poetry. We have from him —

Heroic Epistles after the model of Ovid.

The Barons’ Wars in the Reign of Edward the Second.

The Battle of Agincourt.

The Shepherd’s Garland.

Elegies.

The Man in the Moon, the Owl, Odes, and various other small Poems.

But his greatest work is the Poly-Olbion, in twenty Cantos or Songs, of which the first is here given, with the Author’s Notes or Illustrations, as it contains a description of Cornwall, commencing with a Dialogue between St. Michael’s Mount and the Bar of Hayle, which 294 must have passed immediately over Tredrea the Editor’s House.

The singular title of his great work is derived from the Greek Πόλυς many and also very; and Ολβιὸς happy; some neuter substantive understood, perhaps the Latin Regnum; and founded on one of the idle fancies current in the middle ages, which derived Albion (a name of this island) in some way or another from Ολβιὸς.

Michael Drayton commences his national poem with the western point of the Country, and his First Song is as follows:

THE ARGUMENT.