INDEX.

Aberbrothock, liv.

Aberdeen (Apardion), 155.

Acre (Akursborg), 147.

Adalbert, Archbishop, lxxii. " Bishop, lxxii.

Adalbrekt, Priest, 70.

Adam, Bishop of Caithness, xliv, lxxxi, lxxxiii.

Adam of Bremen, lxxii.

Adamnan, x, xiii.

Adriatic, 150.

Aedan, King, xi.

Ægean Sea, 149.

Ægisness, 149.

Ægos, 149.

Afreka, xlii, 188.

Agdir, in Norway, 57, 58, 75, 82, 97, 140.

Akursborg (Acre), 147.

Alaborg (Aalborg in Jutland), 43.

Alan, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxiv, lxxxvi.

Alasund (Yell Sound, Shetland), 86.

Albania, 150.

Aldeigiuborg (Ladoga), 24.

Alexander I., King of Scots, 108. " II., King of Scots, 201. " Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvii.

Alvidra, 78.

Amundi, 5, 6. " son of Knefi, 176.

Anakol, 154, 156, 160, 162.

Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxv.

Andreas, Swein’s son, 155, 191.

Anglesea Sound, 54, 58.

Angus, Earls of, xlvi.

Anselm, Archbishop, lxxiii.

Apardion (Aberdeen), 155.

Archibald, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxiii.

Apulia (Pull, Puglia), 150.

Ard, Alexander de, lix. " Matilda de, lvii. " Wayland de, lvii.

Ari Frodi, xiii, xx.

Argyle, xi.

Armagh, xxi.

Armod, Skald, 130, 131, 134, 146.

Arnfinn, 211.

Arni, Rafn’s son, 157. " Spítulegg, 133, 134.

Arnkell, Einar’s son, Earl, xxv, 2, 207, 211. " of Scapa, 92.

Arnor Jarlaskald, 17, 19, 20, 22, 28, 30, 33-35, 44, 107.

Arran, xlviii.

Asbiörn, son of Grim of Swiney, 74, 91, 92. " Skerablesi, xxii.

Asgrim’s ærgin, 187.

Ask, 84, 85.

Askary, in Caithness, 187.

Aslak, Erlend’s son, 98, 105, 128, 134, 139, 144. " Kolbein Hruga’s son, 126.

Asleif, 91.

Asmund the White, xxix.

Asmundarvag (Osmondwall), xxvii, 3, 8, 210.

Asolf, 183, 184.

Assary; see Askary.

Assynt, Sutherlandshire, 167.

Athole (Atjöklar), 86, 105, 107, 113, 115.

Atjoklsbakki, 107.

Aud the Wealthy, xxii, 203.

214Audfinn, Bishop of Bergen, li, liii, lxxvii.

Audna, Kiarval’s daughter, xxvi, xxix, 209.

Audun Raudi, 144, 146.

Aulver Illteit, xlvi.

Aurridafiord (Bay of Frith, Orkney), 92, 95.

Austragdir, 75.

Baefiord, xxxi, 21.

Baldwin, Abbot, 124.

Balliol, Edward, lvii.

Bardsvík, 166, 175.

Barthhead, 175.

Beaufort Castle, 21.

Beauly Firth, 21.

Beaumont, Henry de, lvii.

Bellaland, 192.

Benedict, 159, 160.

Beorhtric, King, xxi.

Berg, Borgar, 47, 74, 110.

Bergen (Biörgvin), 57, 76, 77, 85, 98, 127, 131.

Bergliót, 47.

Beruvik (Berriedale in Caithness), xxx, 18, 165. " (Berwick-on-Tweed), 161, 162.

Bharruick, Caistal a, 18.

Biadmonia, 57, 58.

Birgishérad (Birsay), 43, 44, 68, 178.

Birsay, Brough of, church at, xcviii.

Bishops of Caithness, list of, lxxix. " of Orkney, " lxxi.

Bjarni, Grímkell’s son, 131. " Skald, Bishop of Orkney, xxxix, lxxv, lxxx, 126, 188, 191, 193, 199.

Björn Brynjúlfson, cxi.

Blan, Thorstein’s son, 74, 92.

Blingery, in Caithness, 187.

Bly-holmar, 162.

Bolgaraland, 150.

Borgar, 47, 74, 110.

Borgarfiord, 60, 115.

Botolf Begla, 167, 168.

Boyamund de Vitia, lxxxiv.

Bracadale, Loch, 27.

Breidafiord (Moray Firth), 20, 21, 107, 125, 161.

Brekasettr, 60.

Brekkur, 74, 105.

Bressay (Brusey), xv. " sculptured stone at, xv, xvi, xvii. " Sound, xlvii.

Bretland (Wales), 7, 54, 56, 117.

Brian Borumha, King, xxviii, 4, 57.

Brian’s battle (Clontarf), xxviii, 4.

Britons, 30, 113.

Brogar, standing stones of, cvi.

Bruce, Isabel, li. " Robert, li, lii, liv.

Bruide Mac Bile, King, xi. " Mac Meilcon, x.

Brúsi, Thorfinn’s son, Earl, xxix, 3, 4, 7, 10, 12, 15, 16, 23, 26, 34.

Brynjúlf, Paul’s son, 46. " Sigurd’s son, 46, 73, 110. " Ulfaldi, 46.

Brynjúlf, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 99.

Bucholly Castle, 122.

Burghead, 115.

Burial customs of the Northmen, cxvii.

Burra Firth (Borgar Fiord) in Shetland, 60.

Burrian, in N. Ronaldsay, xiv, xv.

Burswick, 166.

Bute (Bót), xlviii.

Cæsar, 113.

Caithness (Nes, Katanes), 2, 4, 8, 16, 18, 21, 23, 28, 29, 31-33, 35, 37, 70, 72, 73, 86, 87, 91, 116, 121, 122, 134, 152, 154, 155, 158, 160, 161, 164, 166, 169, 176, 180, 182, 193, 195, 196-200, 204, 206, 207, 209.

Calder (Kalfadal) in Caithness, 182, 187. " Burn of, 187. " Loch of, 187.

Canisbay (Conansbæ), 3.

Canterbury, lxxii, lxxiii.

Canute (Knut) the Great, King, 16.

215Careston, 157.

Carisness, Carness, 157.

Cecilia, Erlend’s daughter, 47.

Chester, Hugh, Earl of, 54.

Cholmogori (Hólmgard, Novgorod), 24.

Christ’s Kirk in Birsay, xxxiii, lxxi, xciii, xcv, 43, 44, 67, 112.

Churches, ancient, of Orkney, lxxxvii. " round, of Britain, xciii. " towered, of Shetland, ci.

Cleveland (Klifland), 47.

Clontarf, battle of, xxvii, xxviii, xciii, 4.

Cobbie Row (Holbein Hruga), lxxv, 126.

Conchobhar (Konufogr), King, xxx, 7.

Connaught (Kunnaktir), 57, 58.

Constantinople (Mikligard), 24, 127, 148, 149, 150, 163.

Cormac, x, xiii.

Cornwall, xv.

Cragy, James of, lxiii.

Crete (Krit), 146, 147.

Cufic coins, 127.

Culbinsbrugh, Shetland, xv.

Culen Induffson, King, 17.

Cullen, in Banffshire, lv.

Cumbria, 192.

Cyder Hall (Siwardhoch), Sutherlandshire, 107.

Dag, Elif’s son, 54.

Dagfinn, Hlödver’s son, 74, 97, 100.

Dal, in Caithness, 69.

Dalir, in Caithness, 209. " (Argyle), 176, 181.

Dalriad Scots, xi.

Dalverja family, 181.

Daminsey, Damisey (Damsay), Orkney, 92, 95, 169, 171.

Dardanelles, 149.

David I., King of Scots, lxxx, 70, 80, 108, 124, 125, 153. " II., lx. " son of Harald Maddadson, Earl, xliv, 192, 199.

David, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvi.

Deer, Book of, lxxx.

Deerness (Dyrnes), Orkney, 5, 9, 19, 88, 156. " Brough of, and chapel at, xcix. " Parish Church of, c.

Denmark, 29, 40, 42, 85, 98, 150.

Dicuil, xi.

Dolgfinn, Bishop of Orkney, lxxvi.

Doll’s Cave, 77.

Donald Bane, xxxiii, 56.

Dornoch, lxxix, lxxxii, lxxxiii.

Dornoch Firth, 21, 107.

Dorrery, in Caithness, 187.

Doune Castle, lxxi.

Drómund, 142-146.

Drontheim (Nidaros), 25, 57.

Drummond, John de, lxvii.

Dublin (Dýflin), xxi, xxiii, xxvii, 44, 189, 190, 199.

Dúfeyrar (Duffus, Morayshire), 114, 123.

Dufgall (Dugald) of the Isles, 181.

Dufniall, 73. " Havard’s son, 120, 122.

Duncan (Dungal), Earl of Duncansbæ, xxiii, 2. " Earl of Fife, xlii. " Crinan’s son, King of Scots, 17. " son of Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots, xxxiii, 46.

Duncansbay (Dungalsbæ), xxiii, xxvi, 2, 18, 73, 91, 92, 116, 121, 122.

Dunfermline, lxxx.

Dungad, Dungal; see Duncan.

Dunkeld, lxxx.

Dunnet Head, 33.

Dunrossness, xiv.

Durazzo, 150.

Durness (Dyrness), Sutherlandshire, xlviii, lxxxiii.

Dýflin; see Dublin.

Dynröst, 164.

Dyrness (Deerness), in Orkney, 5, 9, 19, 88, 156.

Dyrachium (Dýraksborg), 150.

216Eadburh, xxi.

Ebissa, x.

Edgar, King of Scots, xxxiv, 56.

Edinburgh (Eidinaborg), xli, 163.

Edward I., King of England, lxxxiv.

Efjusund (Evie Sound), Orkney, 106.

Egill Skalagrimson, cxi.

Egilsey, 61, 63, 109, 113. " church of, xci, xciii, 63.

Eilif, Archbishop of Nidaros (Drontheim), lxxvii.

Einar of Gulberwick, 130. " Hardkiöpt, 208. " Klining, xxv, 207. " Rögnvald’s son, Earl; see Torf Einar. " Skeif, 162, 163. " Thorfinn’s son (Rangmuth), Earl, xxix, 3, 4, 7, 9, 30, 31. " Thambarskelfir, 24. " Vorsakrák, 46.

Eindridi Ungi, xxxvi, 126, 127, 133, 134, 137, 142, 157.

Eirik Blodöxe, King, xxv, 2, 11, 207, 211. " Eymuni, King, 49, 85. " the Icelander, 116. " Slagbrellir, xxxviii, 70, 73, 164, 167, 179, 193. " Spaki, King, 49. " Stræta, 70.

Ekkial (Oikel river), 21, 22, 107.

Ekkialsbakki, xxiii, lxxix, cxii, cxvii, 21, 107, 115, 204.

Elgin, chanonry church of, lxxxvi.

Eller Holm (Hellisey), 103, 173, 174.

Elon, Isle, 103.

Ellisif, Queen, 47.

Elwick Bay, xlvii.

England, 28, 47, 56, 75, 98, 134, 135, 189.

Engull (Angus of the Isles), 181.

Enhallow (Eyin Helga), Orkney, xx, 177.

Erlend, Einar’s son, Earl, xxv, 2, 207, 211.

Erlend, Harald’s son (Ungi), Earl, xxxvii, cxi, 106, 151, 154, 156, 158-160, 164, 166-168, 170, 171. " Thorfinn’s son, Earl, xxxiii, 30, 43, 47, 52, 54.

Erling Erkidiákn, 47. " Erlend’s son, 47, 48, 54, 58. " Kyrpinga Orm’s son, 80, 127. " Skakki, 134, 139, 144, 145, 149-151, 163, 193. " Vidkunnson, lv.

Erngisl Suneson, Earl of Orkney, lviii, lxii.

Evie Sound (Efjusund), Orkney, 106.

Eyarskeggiar, xxxix, 199.

Eyin Helga; see Enhallow.

Eyrar Thing, 25.

Eystein Glumra, 1. " Harald Gilli’s son, 126, 151-153, 157, 158. " Magnus’, son, King, xxxvii, lxxiii, 58, 59, 66. " Orri, 47, 48.

Eysteinsdal, xliv, 198.

Eyvind, Maelbrigdi’s son, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95. " Olnbogi, 54. " Urarhorn, 7, 14, 26.

Fair Isle (Fridarey), xxxv, 74, 91, 97, 99-101, 164.

Faroe Isles, xii, cxiii.

Ferquhard, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvi.

Ferne, Abbey of, lxxxvi.

Fifa, 128, 129.

Fife (Fifi), 22.

Finn Arnason, 30.

Finnleik, Earl, xxv, 210.

Frith (Fiord), in Orkney, 92, 159.

Flettuness (Glettuness), in Orkney, 74, 131.

Floruvagar, in Norway, 85, 199.

Fluguness, in Orkney, 74, 92.

Flydruness, in Orkney, 74, 92.

Foula, cxiii.

Frákork, Moddan’s daughter, xxxv,217 69-72, 85-88, 106, 110, 114-116, 156.

Freswick (Thraswick), in Caithness, 154, 160.

Frida, Kolbein Hruga’s daughter, 126, 191.

Fridarey; see Fair Isle.

Frisic sea, x.

Fugl, Liotolf’s son, 154, 155, 156.

Fyrileif, in Norway, 84, 85.

Gaddgedlar, 28.

Gairsay (Gáreksey), 73, 119, 134, 158, 159, 172, 179, 188, 189, 191.

Galicialand, 136, 140.

Gallgael, 28.

Gallipoli, 149.

Galloway, 28.

Gardariki (Russia), 24.

Gáreksey; see Gairsay.

Gatnip, near Scapa, Orkney, 74, 110.

Gauti of Skeggbjarnarstadir, 156.

Gautland, 58.

Gefsisness, in Orkney, 74.

Geirbiörn, 135.

Geitaberg, 74, 100.

Gerard, Archbishop of York, lxxiii.

Gibraltar, Straits of (Njörfasund), 141.

Gigha (Gudey), island of, xlviii.

Gilbert, Bishop of Hamar, xlviii. " Bishop of Caithness, lxxxii.

Gilbride, Earl of Angus, xlvi. " Earl of Orkney, xlvii.

Gillaodran, 180, 181.

Gilli, Earl, xxviii.

Gillichrist, 75, 76.

Glaitness (Glettuness), 74, 131.

Glumdrapa, 2.

Goi, 98.

Gorm the Old, King, cv.

Gormlath (Hvarflod), xxxviii, xlii, 192.

Graemsay (Grimsey), 107, 159.

Gregorius Dagson, 151.

Grelaug, xxiv, xxv, 2.

Grim Kamban, xii.

Grim of Swiney, 91, 92. " Ormson, lxxvii.

Grímkell of Glettuness, 74, 131.

Grimsby (Grimsbæ), 75, 76.

Grimsey; see Graemsay.

Groa, xxiv, 2.

Groeningiasund, 78.

Gudifrey, 138, 142.

Gudröd, King of Man and the Isles, 54.

Gudrun, Frákork’s daughter, 69, 114.

Gulberwick in Shetland (Gulberuvik), xxxvi, 127.

Gullbeinir, 199.

Gunhild, Erlend’s daughter, 57, 58, 83. " wife of Eirik Blodöxe, 207, 211.

Gunnar Lambi’s son, xxviii.

Gunni, Olaf’s son, 73, 91, 153, 154.

Guthrod, son of Harald Harfagri, xxiv, 205.

Guttorm, Sigurd’s son, Earl, xxiv, 1, 204. " Mol, 128. " Sperra, lix, lxv, lxvi.

Gyrid, Dag’s daughter, 46.

Hæretha-land, xxi.

Haey; see Hoy.

Haflidi, Thorkel’s son, 105, 120, 122. " Steinson, priest, liv.

Hafnarvag, 159.

Hafursfiord, xxi.

Hákirkia (Halkirk in Caithness), xliv, lxxix, 200.

Hakon Athelstan’s foster-son, 207. " Barn, 126. " Brynjúlfson, 46. " Gallin, 200. " Hakonson, King, xlvii, xc. " Harald’s son, 188, 189. " Herdabreid, 151. " Ivar’s son, 46, 48, 50. " Karl, 59, 73, 95, 111, 170, 177. " Klo, 47, 70, 73, 110.

218Hakon Magnusson, King, xl, li. " the Norwegian, 49. " Paul’s son, Earl, xxxiii, xxxv, lxxiii, xcv, 46, 48, 50-54, 58-60. " Pik, 46, 73.

Haldór Brynjúlfson, 46.

Halfdan Hálegg, xxiv, 1, 205, 206, 211.

Haliburton, Janet, lxiii. " Walter, lxiii.

Halkel Huk, 84.

Halkirk, in Caithness, xliv, lxxix, 200.

Hall of Sida, 47. " Thórarinn’s son, 119.

Hallad, Earl, xxiv, 203, 204.

Halland, 85, 124.

Hallvard, 9, 79, 80, 81. " Dúfa’s son, 182.

Hálogaland, 55.

Halsary, in Caithness, 187.

Hanef Ungi, xlv.

Harald of Borgarfiord, 60. " Gillichrist, King, 75, 83-85, 98, 126. " Godwinson, King, xxxiii, 47, 48. " Harfagri, xiii, xxi, 1, 2, 11, 53, 112, 203, 205, 207, 210, 211. " son of Earl John, xlv. " Maddadson, Earl, xxxv-lxvi, lxxx, cxi, 108, 134, 151, 153, 154, 157-159, 163-165, 168, 170-179, 182-199. " Sigurdson (Hardradi), King, xxxii, 23, 40, 43, 44, 47, 48, 153. " Slettmali, Earl, xxxv, 49, 53, 69, 71, 72. " Ungi, Earl, xlii, 188, 193-195, 198.

Hardicanute, xxxi, 29.

Hauga Thing, 83.

Hauga Heath in Rögnvaldsey, 207.

Havard, 77-79. " Earl, xxv, cvi, cviii, 2, 207, 208, 211. " Gunnarson, 47, 49, 62, 73, 120, 131.

Havardsteigar, 208.

Hebrides (Sudreyar), 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 44, 53, 56, 64, 75, 86, 95, 97, 105, 115, 120, 121, 153, 166, 177, 179, 189, 190, 195, 196.

Hebrista, Holm of, Shetland, 60.

Hedin, cxiii.

Heinrek, Emperor, 43.

Helga, Harek’s daughter, 69, 71, 72.

Helgi of Westrey, 74, 192.

Helene Holm, Orkney, 103.

Hellisey, 173.

Helmsdale (Hjalmundal), 115.

Henry, Bishop of Orkney, xlviii, lxxvi. " II., Bishop of Orkney, lxxxviii. " of Nottingan in Caithness, lxxxiv.

Herbiörg, Paul’s daughter, 46, 73, 126. " Sigrid’s daughter, 46, 126.

Herdis, Thorvald’s daughter, lxvi.

Hernur, 98.

Hiluge, cxiv.

Hildina, cxiv.

Hjalp, 128, 129.

Hjalmundal; see Helmsdale.

Hjaltland; see Shetland.

Hjaltlanders, 99, 100, 130.

Hlifolf, 65. " Alli, 196.

Hlödver, Thorfinn’s son, Earl, xxvi, 2, 3, 209, 211.

Hofn, in Westray (Pierowall), 102. " in Caithness (Huna), xxvi, 209.

Hofsness, 156.

Hogboy (Haugbui), ci.

Hogni, cxiii.

Holdbodi, Hundi’s son, 64, 95, 96, 116, 118, 120, 121.

Holderness (Hallarness), 47.

Holm of Houston, 159.

219Hólmgard (Novgorod), 24, 25.

Hördaland (Hæretha-land), xxi, 48, 80, 151.

Höskuld, 183, 184.

Hoy (Haey), cxiii, 3, 74, 91, 105, 107.

Hoxa, How of, in S. Ronaldsay, 207.

Hrafn the Red, xxix.

Hrafnseyri (Ravensere), 48.

Hreppisness (Rapness) in Westray, 177.

Hróald, 122.

Hródbjart, 116.

Hrólf, priest, 113. " Nefia, 203. " Rögnvald’s son (Gönguhrolf), 203, 205, 206.

Hrólfsey (Rousay), 73, 88, 105, 106, 107, 171, 177.

Hrollaug, 203, 205, 206.

Hrossey (the Mainland), Orkney, xxviii, 5, 36, 49, 60, 67, 74, 89, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 159, 164, 175, 178.

Hugh the Bold, Earl of Montgomery, xxxiv, 54. " the Stout, Earl of Chester, xxxiv, 54. " Earl of Ross, lvi.

Huipness, 156.

Hundi, Earl, xxvi. " Sigurd’s son, 3, 212.

Hvarflod (Gormlath), xxxviii, xlii, 192.

Hvera (the Wear), 134.

Ibn Fozlan’s narrative, cxviii.

Iceland, xii.

Icelander, 117.

Il; see Isla.

Imbolum, 148, 149.

Inganess, Orkney, xlvii.

Ingelram, Archbishop of Dunkeld, lxxxvi.

Ingi, Bard’s son, King, 199. " Harold, Gilli’s son, King, 126, 127, 151. " Steinkel’s son, King, 49, 50, 52.

Ingibiorg, Benedikt’s daughter, 46. " Earl’s mother, xxxi, xxxiii, 30, 43, 45, 48. " Erling’s daughter, li, liii. " Eirik’s daughter, cv. " Hakon’s daughter, 195. " Moddan’s daughter, 69. " Ragna, 46, 70, 73.

Ingigerd, Queen, 25. " Harald’s daughter, 47. " Olaf’s daughter, 73, 156. " Rögnvald’s daughter, cv, 188.

Ingilbert Lyning, lxxvii.

Ingimar, Swein’s son, 83, 84.

Ingirid, Kol’s daughter, 58, 83. " Olaf’s daughter, 114, 121. " Paul’s daughter, 46. " Thorkel’s daughter, 155.

Ingulf, xii.

Inispatrick, xxi.

Invernairn, xli.

Iona, xiii, xxi.

Ireland (Irland), 4, 7, 21, 27, 29, 44, 53, 107, 189, 195, 210.

Isla, xxxviii

Islendingabók, xiii.

Istambol, 148.

Ivar Galli, 193. " son of Rögnvald, Earl of Moeri, xxii.

Ivist (Uist), xxxiv.

Jala (Yell), in Shetland, 86.

James I., King of Scotland, lxi. " II., " " lxi. " III., " " lxx.

Jamtaland, 23, 25.

Jarizleif, King, 24, 25.

Jatvor, 47, 74, 110.

Jellinge in Denmark, cv.

Jerusalem (Jórsalaheim), 59, 68, 71, 128, 130, 134, 147, 154.

Jofreyr, Bishop of Orkney, lxxv.

John, Bishop of Athole, 113. " " of Caithness, xliii, lxxx, 196, 197, 200. " " of Orkney, lxxviii. " Earl of Orkney, xlix, lv. " of Courcy, xlii.

220John Comnenus, Emperor, 150. " Hallkell’s son, 199. " son of Harald Maddadson, Earl, xliv, 199. " Earl of Sutherland, lxxxiii. " Pétrsson (Fót), 76-83, 98, 105, 128, 131, 139, 144, 149. " Vœng, 74, 105, 170, 174, 176, 177.

Jórfiara; see Orfjara.

Jordan, 68, 147, 148.

Jorsala-farers, xxxvi, ciii, cv.

Jórsalaheim; see Jerusalem.

Jorsalaland (Palestine), 147, 148.

Jutland, 40.

Kalf Arnason, 24, 30, 32, 33, 34, 42. " Skurfa, 204, 205.

Kalfadal in Caithness (Calder), 182, 183.

Kalfadalsá (Calder Water), 187.

Kali, Kol’s son (Earl Rögnvald II.), xxxv, 58, 75-79, 83. " Hundason; see Karl. " Snæbiorn’s son, 54, 55, 57.

Kari, xxviii.

Karl Hundason, xxx, 17, 18.

Karston, 157.

Katanes; see Caithness.

Katharina, Countess of Caithness, lv.

Ketil Flatnef, xxii.

Kiarval, King of Dublin, xxvi, 209.

Kintradwell, Sutherlandshire, 197.

Kintyre (Satiri), xxxiv, cxii, 21, 56, 195.

Kirkiboll, Sutherlandshire, 18.

Kirkiuvag; see Kirkwall.

Kirk o’ Taing, Caithness, 33.

Kirkwall (Kirkiuvag), lxxxvii, lxxxix, 37, 39, 41, 99, 110, 155, 157, 158, 163, 170, 171, 179.

Kjárekstadir, 157, 160.

Kjölen Mountains, 23, 25.

Klifland, 47.

Kol of Halland, 128. " Isak’s son, 47. " Kali’s son, xxxv, lxxxviii, 57, 58, 75, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 90, 98, 100, 111.

Kolbein Hruga, lxxv, xcvii, cxxiii, 46, 126, 177. " Karl, 126.

Konufogr (Conchobhar), King, 7.

Kormak, Archdeacon of Sudreyar, lxxvi.

Knut (Canute) the Great, King, 16. " the Wealthy, 161.

Kristín, Sigurd’s daughter, 151.

Kugi of Westrey, 73, 91, 96, 101, 102-104.

Kunnaktir (Connaught), 57, 58.

Kyle Scow, Sutherlandshire, 182. " of Sutherland (Ekkialsbakki), xxiii, lxxix, cxii, 21, 107, 115. " of Tongue, 18.

Kyrpinga Orm, 80.

Ladoga (Aldeigiuborg), 24.

Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, lxxii.

Largs, battle of, xlviii.

Larne, Lough (Ulfreksfiord), 7.

Lambaborg, 122, 125, 155, 159, 160.

Laufandaness, 5.

Laurentius, priest, xlii. " Bishop of Hole, lxxvii.

Leif, xii.

Lewis (Liodhus), xxxiv, 54, 118, 154, 155, 177.

Lifolf Skalli, 193, 194.

Liodhus; see Lewis.

Liot, Earl, xxv, 209, 211. " Níding, 69, 70.

Liotolf, 106, 154, 159.

Lingrow, 74.

Linlithgow, palace of, lxxi.

Lisbon, 140.

Lochloy, xli.

Lodbrok, cvi.

Logierait, xxxvi.

Lögman Gudrodson, 54.

Lödver; see Hlödver.

Lomberd, xliii.

221Lopness, in Sanday, 5.

Lubeck, lii.

Lundy island, 117, 118.

Lybster, in Caithness, 91. " in Reay, Caithness, church of, xcvii.

Macbeth, xxv, 43, 209.

Macgarvey, battle of, xxxix.

Maddad, Earl of Athole, xxxvi, cxi, 86, 105, 108, 113, 115, 153.

Moddan, 69. " Eindridi, 69.

Maeshow, ci, cv, 159.

Maeyar (Isle of May), 123.

Magbiód, xxv, 209.

Magnus Barelegs, King, xxxiii, 52-55, 58, 66, 75. " Erlend’s son, Earl (St. Magnus), xxiv, 47, 48, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59-66, 71, 83, 95, 99, 105. " Erlingson, King, xxxix, 151, 193, 199. " Eyvind’s son, 95. " Gilbride’s son, Earl, xlvi, xlvii, xlix. " Harald’s son, King, 48. " Havard’s son, 47, 73, 91, 131, 134, 185. " John’s son, Earl, liv. " Magnusson, Earl, xlix. " Mangi, 188, 193. " Olaf’s son, King (the Good), xxxi, 24-26, 30-32, 34-36, 39-41, 43, 48. " Orfi, 72. " Orm, 69. " Sigurd’s son, King (the Blind), 83, 84.

Mainland (Meginland) of Orkney (Hrossey), xxviii, 5, 36, 49, 60, 67, 74, 89, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 159, 164, 175, 178.

Malbrigd, xxiii, 107, 203, 204.

Malcolm, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvi. " Scottish Earl, xxvii. " II. (Melkolf), King of Scots, xxix, xxxiii, 3, 16, 44, 212. " Canmore (Langhals), 46, 55, 71, 86. " the Maiden, 108, 153, 154, 155, 180, 181, 192. " M’Heth, Earl of Moray, xxxviii, xlii, 181, 192.

Malise, Earl of Stratherne, lv. " the Younger, lvi. " Sperra, lx.

Malvoisin, Bishop of St. Andrews, lxxxi.

Man, Isle of, 116, 118, 203.

Mani, Olaf’s son, 196.

Manuel I., Emperor, 150.

Margad, Grim’s son, 74, 91, 92, 122, 124, 125, 169, 170.

Margaret, Hakon’s daughter, xxxvii, cxi, 72, 86, 105, 108, 109, 153, 154, 161. " Moddan’s daughter, 69. " the Maiden of Norway, xlix, l, xci. " the false Maiden of Norway, l, lii.

Maria, Harald’s daughter, 47.

Mariuhofn, 179.

Marseilles (Marselia), 142.

Maurice de Moravia, lvii.

May, Isle of, 123, 124, 163. " Monastery of, 124.

Medalland’s hofn (Midland harbour), in Orkney, 159.

Melbrigd; see Malbrigd.

Melkolf; see Malcolm.

Melsnati, xxvi.

Menelaus, Emperor, 150.

Menteith, Johanna de, lvii. " Sir John de, lvii.

Menzies, Sir David, lxviii.

Mikligard (Constantinople), 24, 127, 148-150, 163.

Moddan, 17, 20.

Montgomery, Hugh, Earl of, 54.

Moors, 140.

Moravia, Maurice de, lvii. " Sir John de, lvii.

222Moray (Mærhæfi), 21, 204. " Firth (Breidafiord), 20, 21.

Morukari (Morkere), 47.

Moseyarborg; see Mousa.

Moslems, 141.

Moulhead of Deerness, 88, 156.

Mousa, Borg of (Moseyarborg), cix, cxi, 113, 161.

Mowat of Bucholly, 122.

Murcadh, son of Brian Borumha, xxviii.

Muirceartach, xxxiv.

Murdoch, Duke of Albany, lxx.

Munkalif, monastery of, lxxv.

Myrkhol (Murkle), in Caithness, xxv, 195, 207.

Mýrkiartan, 56.

Myrkvifiörd, 124, 181.

Navidale, xiv.

Nennius, x.

Ness (Caithness), 8, 37, 87, 116, 121, 122, 155, 158, 160, 164, 166, 169, 180, 195, 209. " river, x.

Nicolas, Abbot of Scone, lxxxiii. Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvi.

Nidaros (Drontheim), 25, 57.

Njal’s burning, xxviii.

Njörfasund (Straits of Gibraltar), 141, 142.

Norfolk, round-towered churches of, xciii.

Normandy, lxxxix, 203.

Northumberland (Nordymbraland), 134.

Norway, 2, 3, 8, 12, 16, 26, 32, 35, 42, 47-49, 52, 54, 58, 75, 85, 86, 90, 105, 126, 127, 131, 133, 150-152, 161, 164.

Novgorod (Hólmgard), 24, 25.

Nottingan, in Caithness, lxxxiv.

Ochtha, x.

Oddi Litli, 130, 131, 147.

Odin, xiii, cxiv, cxvii, 206.

Offa, King, 21.

Ogmund Dreng, 151.

Ogmund, Kyrpinga, Orm’s son, 80, 127. " Thorfinn’s son, 151.

Olaf Bitling, King of Sudreyar, 181. " Haraldson, King (the Holy), xxx, 8, 11, 14-16, 26, 38. " Kyrri, King, 48, 49, 93. " Magnusson, King, 58. " the Stout, 50. " Rolf’s son, 74, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94. " Swein’s son, 177, 192. " Tryggvi’s son, King, xxvii, xcii, 3, 4, 11, 117, 210, 211, 212. " the White, xxi, xxiii, 203.

Olvir Rosta, 69, 72, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 110, 114-116.

Onund, King, 23.

Ord of Caithness, 115, 165.

Orfjara (Orphir), 71, 92, 95, 159, 167, 168.

Orkahaug, ci, cv, 159.

Orkhill, 159.

Orkneys (Orkneyar), 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 14-16, 23, 26, 28, 29, 32, 36, 42, 47, 48, 52, 56, 58, 62, 64, 66, 68, 69, 72, 75, 85, 86, 98-100, 105, 106, 109, 114, 116, 121, 125, 126, 131, 132, 134, 140, 147, 151, 152, 156, 157, 163, 164, 178, 188, 189, 196, 203, 205, 207, 210.

Orkneymen (Orkneyingar), 2, 69, 112, 124, 132, 133, 134, 139, 191, 207.

Orm, 170.

Orphir (Orfjara, Jórfiara), 71, 92, 95, 159, 167, 168.

Osloe (now Christiania), 83.

Osmondwall (Asmundarvag), xxvii, 3, 8.

Ottar, Earl, 72, 106, 153, 157. " Svarti, 16.

Papas, xii.

Papey, xii, xx, 96. Meiri (Papa Westray), 38, 39.

223Papey Minni (Papa Stronsay), xxxii, 38.

Papuli (Papley), xii, xx, 38, 58, 59, 73, 95, 167.

Patrick, Bishop of Orkney, lxxviii.

Paris, University of, 131.

Paul Hakonsson (Umálgi) Earl, xxxv, xcv, 69, 71-73, 83, 85-98, 104-111, 183. " Thorfinnson, Earl, xxxiii, lxxii, 30, 43, 44, 52, 54.

Pentland Firth (Petlandsfiord), 18, 33, 34, 74, 86, 88, 92, 106, 113, 152, 155, 165, 193, 194, 196. " Skerries (Petlandsker), lv.

Peter, Bishop of Orkney, lxxvi.

Pictish Towers, cix, cxxii, cxxiii, 33, 113, 161.

Pierowall (Hofn), in Westray, cxxii, 102.

Pull, Puglia (Apulia), 150.

Rafn, Lawman, 196, 200, 201.

Ragna of Rinansey, 73, 96, 97, 119, 120.

Ragnhild, Eirik’s daughter, xxv, 193, 207, 208, 211. " Hrólf’s daughter, 203. " Ingimar’s daughter, 154. " Paul’s daughter, 46. " Simon’s daughter, 60.

Ralph, Bishop of Orkney, lxxii.

Rapness, 74, 177.

Rattar Brough (Raudabiorg), 33. " Burn of, 33.

Raudabiorg, xxxi, 33, 45.

Ravenscraig, lxxi.

Ravensere (Hrafnseyri), 48.

Reginald, Bishop of Rosemarkie, xlii, lxxx. " of the Isles, xlii, xliv.

Reindeer in Scotland, 182.

Scalpeid, 69.

Renfrew, 181.

Rendale (Rennadal), 170, 171.

Reppisness, 74.

Restalrig, 197.

Richard I., King, 142.

Rikgard of Brekkur, 74, 105. " priest, 78. " Thorleif’s son, 120.

Rinansey, Rínarsey (N. Ronaldsay), xv, cxvii, 1, 73, 91, 96, 97, 100, 119, 152, 165.

Rinar’s Hill, 206.

Robert, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvii.

Roger, Bishop of St. Andrews, xliii. " Bishop of Orkney, lxxiii.

Rögnvald Brúsi’s son, Earl, xxxi, lxxiv, 7, 11, 15, 23, 24-26, 28, 30, 31-39, 44. " Eirikson, 183. " (Kali) Kol’s son, Earl, xxxv-xxxvii, lxxxviii, xc, 58, 75-79, 83-91, 96, 97, 100, 102, 104, 105, 108-114, 118-154, 158, 163, 165-172, 175-184, 188, 192, 193, 199. " Earl of Moeri, xxiv, 1, 203, 204, 210. " (Reginald) of the Isles, xlii, xliv, lxxx, 181, 195.

Rögnvaldsey (S. Ronaldsay), 89, 91, 165, 166, 175, 176, 194.

Ronaldsay, North; see Rinansey.

Rögnvaldsvoe, xlvii.

Rome (Rómaborg), xxxii, xxxv, xxxvii, lxxi, 43, 63, 68, 150.

Rorvag, 3.

Ross, 18, 21, 199. " Hugh de, lxi. " Hugh, Earl of, lvi, lxi. " John of, lxx. " William, Earl of, lvi, lxi.

Rouen (Ruda), 203.

Rousay (Hrólfsey), 73, 88, 91, 105, 106, 107, 171, 177.

Roxburgh Castle, xliv, 192.

Runic inscriptions, ciii, cxv, cxvi.

Rurik, King, 24.

Russia (Gardariki), 24.

St. Adamnan, xx.

224St. Anschar, lxxiii.

St. Brigid, xiv.

St. Columba, x, xiii, xiv, 82.

St. Clair, Alexander, lxi. " David, lxvii. " Elisabeth, lxvii. " Henry, ballivus of King Robert Bruce, lv, lxi. " Henry, Earl, xl, lx. " Isabella, lxii, lxvii. " John, lxviii. " Lucia, lxi. " Thomas, lxi. " William, Earl, lxi, lxix.

St. Kilda, cxxi.

St. Lawrence, xv.

St. Magnus, xv, lxxii, lxxxix, xc, xciii, xcv, cxv, 99. " church of, xxxv, lxxiv, lxxxviii, 112, 173, 178, 188.

St. Mary’s, in the Scilly Isles, 179.

St. Ninian, xiv, xx.

St. Olaf, xv. " church of, Kirkwall, lxxxix.

St. Oran’s chapel, Iona, xxxiv.

St. Patrick’s church, Down, xxxiv.

St. Peter, xv.

St. Peter’s church, S. Ronaldsay, xviii. " Brough of Birsay, xcviii. " Weir, xcvii.

St. Regulus, 197.

St. Sunniva, lxxvii.

St. Triduana (Tredwell), xiv, 197.

St. Vigeans, xx.

Sanday, 5, 104, 174.

Sandwick (Sandvik), in Deerness, Orkney, xxx, 5, 9, 169.

Saracens, 144.

Sardinia, 142.

Satiri (Kintyre), 21, 56, 195.

Saxi, 81.

Saxland, 43.

Saverough, xiv.

Savigny, 192.

Scapa (Scalpeid), xlviii, 74, 92, 110, 155, 166, 180.

Scarborough (Skardaborg), 47.

Scrabster (Skarabolstadr), xliii, lxxxiii, 196.

Scilly Islands (Syllingar), 117, 179.

Scone, lxxii, 108, 192.

Scotland (Skotland), 2, 17, 21-23, 28-31, 53, 60, 64, 70, 72, 75, 86, 105, 109, 114, 118, 152, 161, 210.

Scotland’s Firth (Skotlandsfiord), 27, 56, 115, 180.

Sculptured stones of Scotland, symbols of, xix.

Scytheboll (Skibo), 107.

Sekkr, 151.

Seley, 40.

Sepulchre, church of the Holy, xciii.

Serk, 54, 76.

Serkland, 142, 146.

Serlo, monk of Newbottle, xliv, lxxxi.

Setr, 76.

Shetland (Hjaltland), 14, 16, 22, 32, 35, 36, 47, 60, 67, 86-89, 91, 97, 99, 102, 130, 133, 155, 161, 164, 176, 178, 203, 205, 210.

Shurrery, in Caithness, 187.

Siddera, Sutherlandshire, 107.

Sigæum, promontory of, 149.

Sigmund Brestisson, 88, 89. " Ongul, 139, 147, 148.

Sigtrygg, King, xxvii.

Sigurd, Andrew’s son, 116. " Archbishop of Drontheim, lxxvi. " Arnkell’s son, 92. " Eystein’s son, Earl, xxiii, cxvii, 1, 107, 199, 204. " Harald Gilli’s son, 151. " Havard Hold’s son, 151. " Hlödver’s son, Earl, xxv, xxvi, 3, 4, 11, 112, 209, 210, 211, 212. " Hrani’s son, 54. " Klaufi, 155. " Magnusson (the Jorsala-farer), King, xxxiv, lxxiii,225

Sigurd Murt, xli, 193, 194. " Slembir, 70, 71. " Sneis, 57, 75. " Syr, King, 5. " of Gloucester, 127. " of Papuli, 59, 73. " of Westness, 46, 70, 87, 91, 109, 110, 111.

Sigurdhaug (Siwardhoch), cxvii, 107.

Sinclair; see St. Clair.

Skaill, 33.

Skálpeid (Scapa), xlviii, 74, 92, 110, 155, 166, 180.

Skaney, 42.

Skapti, 54.

Skarabolstadr (Scrabster), near Thurso, xliii, lxxxiii, 196.

Skebro Head, 156.

Skeggbjarnarhöfdi, 156.

Skeggbjarnarstadir, 156.

Skida Myre (Skitten), in Caithness, xxvi, 112, 209, 210.

Skinnet, church, of, in Caithness, lxxxii.

Skuli, Earl, xxv, 2, 209, 211.

Skye (Skidh), xxxiv, 27, 28, 192.

Snæfrida, 205.

Snækoll Gunnason, xlvi, 126.

Snorri Sturluson, 58.

Sogn, 54, 76, 80.

Sölmund, 75, 77-82, 84, 86, 98, 105, 140.

Spain (Spánland), 140, 141.

Stamford Bridge, xxxiii, 40.

Staur (Ru Stœr), 167.

Stefán Radgafi, 180.

Steigar Thórir, 98.

Steinsnes (Stennis), in Orkney, xxv, cvii, cviii, 61, 157, 159, 208.

Steinvor the Stout, 69, 72.

Stewart, Alan, lxi. " David, lx. " Walter, lxi.

Stiklestadir, 23, 38, 118.

Stratherne, Elizabeth de, lxiii.

Stratherne, Euphemia de, lxi. " Malise, Earl of, lv-lx. " Marjory de, lviii. " Matilda de, lviii.

Strickathro, 192.

Stroma (Straumsey), 91, 96, 176.

Stromness, 157.

Stronsay (Stiórnsey), 156.

Studla, 80, 81.

Sudreyar (Hebrides), xxii, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 44, 53, 56, 64, 75, 86, 95, 97, 105, 115, 120, 121, 153, 166, 177, 179, 189, 190, 195, 196, 203, 210.

Sudreyarmen, 116, 118.

Sumarlidi Hold, 176, 180, 181, 192. " Kolbein Hruga’s son, 126. " Thorfinn’s son, Earl, xxix, 3, 4.

Sumburgh, 74. " Head, 164. " Roost (Dynröst), 164.

Sutherland (Sudrland), 4, 17, 18, 21, 70, 115, 116, 123, 164.

Svelgr; see Swelkie.

Sverrir, King, xxxix, xli, 199.

Svöldr, 4.

Swefney; see Swona.

Swein Asleifson, xxxvi, xc, 5, 73, 91-95, 97, 105, 106, 108-110, 113-125, 133, 151, 155, 156, 158, 164-166, 168-181, 188-190. " Blakari’s son, 172. " Brióstreip, 87, 89, 93-95, 97, 111. " Harald’s son, 119. " Hróald’s son, 131, 134, 186. " Ulf’s son, King, xxxii, 39, 42, 43.

Swelkie of Stroma (Svelgr), xlviii, 107.

Sweden, 23, 49.

Swona (Swefney, Swiney), 74, 91, 92.

Swynbrocht, 74.

226Syllingar (Scilly Isles), 117, 179.

Sytheraw, 107.

Tankerness (Tannskarunes), 88.

Tarbatness (Torfnes), 21.

Thiálbi, King, 57.

Thing, 6, 61, 73, 83, 110, 112, 135, 158.

Thingstead, Thingavöll, 61, 171.

Thiostolf, Ali’s son, 83, 84, 85.

Thomas, Archbishop of York, lxxiii. " de Fingask, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxvi. " Tulloch, Bishop of Orkney, xlvi, lxviii, lxxviii.

Thony, Robert de, lviii.

Thora, Paul’s daughter, 46. " Sumarlidi’s daughter, 47, 73.

Thórarinn Breidmagi, 119. " Killinef, 179.

Thorberg Svarti, 131.

Thorbiörn of Borgarfiord, 60. " Hornklofi, 2. " Klerk, xxxviii, 69, 72, 114, 118, 119, 120-123, 125, 156, 159, 165, 167-180, 183-185. " Svarti, 147.

Thordis, Hall’s daughter, 47.

Thore Hakonson, li, liii.

Thórir Thegiandi (the Silent), 203, 206. " Tréskegg, 204, 205.

Thorfinn Bessason, 156, 157. " Harald’s son, xliv, 192, 198. " Hausakliuf, Earl, xxiv, xxv, 2, 3, 207, 208. " Sigurd’s son, Earl, xxix-xxxiii, lxxii, xciii, xcv, 4-9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 26, 28, 29-45, 67, 179, 212.

Thorgeir Skotakoll, 131.

Thórhall, Asgrim’s son, 152.

Thorkel Flettir, 74, 88, 96, 120. " Fóstri, Amundi’s son, xxx, 5-9, 13, 18, 19, 20, 22, 38. " Sumarlidi’s son, 71.

Thorleif; see Frákork. " Spaki, 54.

Thorliót, 69.

Thorolf, Bishop, lxxii.

Thorsa, Thórsey; see Thurso.

Thorsdal, 182.

Thorstein of Fluguness, 74, 92. " Havard’s son, 47, 73, 91, 104, 186. " Hold, 69, 72, 114, 118, 126. " Krokauga, 74, 131. " Ragna’s son, 73, 100, 101, 104, 119, 160. " son of Hall of Sida, xxix. " the Red, xxiii, 2, 203.

Thorvald Thoresson, 60.

Thrasness, 136.

Thraswick (Freswick), in Caithness, 154.

Thule, xi.

Thurso (Thorsa), 20, 73, 106, 152, 153, 159, 164, 165, 183, 194.

Thussasker, 44.

Tingwall, in Rendal, 61.

Tiree (Tyrvist), xxxiv, 95.

Torf Einar, Earl, xxiv, cxvii, 1, 2, 112, 203, 205, 207, 211.

Torfness, 21, 22, 152, 205.

Tröllhæna, 197.

Tunsberg, 75, 83, 84.

Turgot, Bishop of St. Andrews, lxxiii.

Tyrvist; see Tiree.

Uist (Ivist), xxxiv.

Uladstir; see Ulster.

Ulfreksfiord, xxx, 7.

Ulli, Strath, 115.

Ulbster, in Caithness, xx.

Ulster (Uladstir), xxxiv, 58.

Uni, 80, 81, 99-102.

Unn, 76, 77.

Uppland, in Hoy, 74, 105.

227Upsala, 120.

Værings, 127, 150.

Vagaland (Walls), in Hoy, 167, 169, 176.

Valdimar, King, 151.

Valland, 135.

Valkyriar, xxvii.

Valthióf, Earl, 47, 125, 126. " Olafson, 73, 91, 93, 96, 114.

Varangians, 127, 150.

Veradal, 25.

Verbon (Nerbon), 135, 145.

Vidivag (Widewall), 166.

Vidkunn Jonsson, 54.

Vigr (Weir), island of, 126.

Vik, in Norway, 40, 78, 85, 151. in Caithness (Wick), 118, 122, 154, 155.

Vikings, xxii, xxiv, xxxvi, cxxi, 1, 25, 29, 33, 35, 59, 113.

Volga, cxviii, cxxiii.

Völuness, 174.

Walls (Vagaland), in Hoy, 167, 169, 176.

Walter, Bishop of Caithness, lxxxiii.

Wales (Bretland), xv, 7, 54, 56, 117.

Warrenne, John de, Earl of Surrey, lvi.

Wear (Hvera), river, 134.

Weir (Vigr), island of, 126.

Weir, church of, xcvi. " castle of, cxxiii, 126.

Westness, in Rousay, 46, 70, 73, 91, 101, 109.

Westray, cxvii, cxxii, 74, 91, 96, 102, 177.

Wick (Vik), in Caithness, 118, 122, 154, 155.

William the Old, Bishop of Orkney, xxxvi, lxxii, lxxiv, lxxxix, xcv, 68, 95-97, 105, 109, 111, 113, 131, 134, 137, 143, 144, 150. " II., Bishop of Orkney, lxxv, 193. " III., Bishop of Orkney, lxxvi. " IV., Bishop of Orkney, lxxvii. " V., Bishop of Orkney, lxxviii. " Tulloch, lxxix. " Bishop of Caithness, lxxxiii. " Earl of Ross, lvi. " Fitz Duncan, 46. " Freskyn, xlvi. " of Egremont, xxxviii, 46, 181. " the Lion, King of Scots, xxxix, xl, lxxx, 193, 195.

Wimund, Bishop, xxxvii, 181, 192.

Wulstan, Bishop, lxxii.

York (Yorvik), 47.

Yell (Jala), 86.

Yell Sound (Alasund), 86.