INDEX

Aban,—the prefix to a name, 18, 55

Aban Avit, 55

Aban Avit’s veranda, 57, 66

Aban Jau’s house, 111

Aban Liah, 116

Aban Liah’s final illness, 132

Abun, the Chief at Long Lama, 69

Admiration denoted by clucks, 101

Adorn, 26

Affection among the Borneans, 141

Amau,—Omen birds and mammals, 160

Ambuscade, a Bornean, 83

Amok at Tama Aping Buling’s, 134

Apoi, 27

Appreciation of photographs, 125

Appreciation of foreign songs, 27

Arrack, drinking of, at naming ceremony, 42

Attainment of paradise, 63

Attempt to deceive the Omen birds, 28

Bállo,—the prefix to a name, 18

Bamboo, burning a strip of, to determine the giving of a name, 41

Bamboo, ceremonial use of ashes of, 41, 42

Bamboo drinking-cups, 107, 108

Bananas, salt, and ginger root given at a Naming, 35, 42

Batu, 76

Beads, Lukut sekála, 118

Beads, imitation of valuable, 118

Belief in future life, 62

Benefits from skulls hung in veranda, 59

Berawans,—Disposal of the dead, 139

‘Bintang sikópa’, 62

Bird’s-nest caves, 178, 181

Blackening the teeth, 157

Blari, 27

Blood, indifference to sight of, 62

Blood of a fowl, inspection of, 50

Blow-pipes, the making of, 113

Blow-pipes among the Punans, 177

Borrowing a head, 88

Breaking a taboo, 115

Bulan, daughter of Tama Bulan, 29

Bulun matai, Fields of the Dead, 61

Burial in jars, 139

Burial of a Chief, 140

Burial custom in the Naga Hills of Assam, 144

Burial of Punans, 183

Calling the name to revive a dying person, 50

Camphor collecting, 167

Camphor collecting, pre-empting a river, 115

Camphor language, 168

Camphor, reluctance to mention, 17

Cases for war-coats, 8

Casting off the taboos of mourning, 92

Caves, bird’s nest, 178-181

Ceremonial fire, 37

Ceremonies at the naming of a Chief’s son, 16

Ceremonies on the return from a war expedition, 90

Changing name after sickness, 16

Chanting of returning warriors, 91

Charm to divert evil Spirits at the Lelak house, 99

Charms for abundant crops, 164

Charms worked with portraits of a person, 179

Children initiated as warriors, 92

Cigarette-making, 30

Clucking to denote admiration, 101

Communication between Omen birds and man, 162

Conjunctivitis, 26

Conveying thanks to Omen birds, 78

Cord of life,—Tebuku urip,—Naming Ceremony, 34

Corpse, presents to a, 166

Costume of Berawan women while mourning, 139

Costume of Kayans and Kenyahs, 21

Council Negri, 20

Council of war, 73

Crops, charms for abundant, 164

Cupping to relieve headache, 49

Curled shavings on sticks, 168

Cursing a house, 136

Daily routine of household, 12

Dancing performed by women of the Lelak household, 101

Dayong, the, in case of illness, 12

Dayong’s attempt to recall a departing soul, 50

Dead bodies not carried through usual doorways, 52

Dead father’s name not mentioned, 17

Death posts, 67

Decorated house posts, 56

Decorating grave of dead Chief, 94

Deer may not be cooked in the house, 71

Deng, 27

Depilation of eyebrows and eyelashes, 158

Designs tattooed on the legs and arms of Kayan and Kenyah women, 148

Determining a name by burning a loop of bamboo, 41

Disposal of the dead,—Berawans, 139

Dogs, 8

Dreams, auspicious and prohibitory, to perforating the ears, 156

Drinking arrack at a Naming, 42

Drinking-cups, bamboo, 107, 108

Drinking a toast, 106

Dulit, Mount, 144

Ear-lobes, elongated, 153

Ear ornaments, 155

Ears, perforation of, 156

Early training of a Head-hunter, 54

Eating of the flesh of deer, 166

‘Eat slowly’, 80

Edible bird’s-nests, 178, 182

Education in indifference to sight of blood, 62

Eternal life in the jungle, 64

Etiquette in regard to weapons, 56

Etiquette in entering a house, 130

Evening chat with Aban Avit, 57

Evil omens in pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, 121

Evil omen in pig’s liver at Tama Aping Buling’s, 132

Evil Spirits exorcised by fire, 28

Evil Spirits exorcised at the Naming ceremony, 33, 39

Evil Spirits exorcised by spitting, 28

Evil Spirits exorcised when a dog touches a rice-mortar, 165

Evil Spirits warded off by gong-beating, 34

Eyelashes and eyebrows depilated, 158

Exhortation to the sacrificial pig at Aban Liah’s, 120

Exorcism of Evil Spirits, 28, 33, 39

Facsimile of valuable beads, 118

Family rooms (Lamin), 9

Fat pork feast at Naming ceremony, 44

Fear of making life-like images or pictures, 56

Feast at Tama Aping Buling’s, 133

Feast after return of war party, 95

Feast, injunction at beginning of, 47

Feasting of a war party, 80

Female tattooers, 151

Fields of the dead, 61

Fine for violating a permantong, 12

Fire, a means of communicating with Omen birds, 4, 78

Fire, ceremonial, 37

Fire-drill, 37

Fireplaces, 4

Fire-saw, 37

Fish not spoken of before a Tuba fishing, 17, 186

Flattening heads, 158

Food, 11

Food of Punans, 175

Freeing women from mourning restrictions, 93

Future life, Belief in a, 62

Game of tag in the water, 14

Gathering edible bird’s-nests, 182

Gau, 27

Ghost’s clutch, 54

Ginger root, salt, and bananas given at Naming ceremony, 35, 42

Gong-beating to counteract effects of photography, 180

Gong-beating to ward off evil Spirits, 34

Government’s pig at the feast at Tama Aping Buling’s, 131

Grave, decoration of a Chief’s, 94

Greeting, absence of signs of, 142

Grippe in Borneo, 25

Grippe at Tama Bulan’s, 49

Guest chambers in Lelak house, 102

Handling of skulls, 65

Harvest festival, 164

Hawk-men,—Laki Niho, 161

Head, borrowing a, 88

Head-flattening, 158

Head-hunter, early training of a, 54

Head-hunters, mark of successful, 147

Head-hunting, Origin of, 59

Head-hunting, punishment for, 69

Horn-bill, Image of, hung with cigarettes, 31

Hose, Dr. Charles, invitation to people of Batang Kayan, 109

House-building, 1, 3, 4

House-building, sacrifice, 3

House-posts, decorated, 56

Humble attitude of women, 171

Husking rice, 7

Iban ear ornaments, 156

Iban tattooing, 148

Ill luck consigned to miniature boat, 179

Images, fear of making life-like, 56

Image of horn-bill hung with cigarettes, 31

Images made to work evil as they decay, 93

Importance of a name, 18

Indemnity,—Usut, 112, 163

Indifference to sight of blood, 62

Inflammation of the eyes, 26

Influence of skulls hung in the veranda, 65

Initiation of children as warriors, 92

Injunction at beginning of feast, 47

Ink for tattooing, 152

Inspection of pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, 120

Inspection of spattering of blood from a fowl, 50

Instruction in the art of defence, 75

Invocation of the sacred pig at a Naming, 40

Invocation to the Spirits before a Tuba fishing, 188

Iron given for infringement of permantong, 163

Isit, the Omen-bird, 167

Jamma, 110

Jamma’s curse on Tama Aping Buling’s house, 136

Jamma’s feigned death, 135

Jawa, 116, 130

Jawa, Violation of rules of, 129

Jawa, or peace-making, 97

Joke, a Bornean, 128

Journey to Tama Bulan’s, 24

Juman, 68

Jungle, the, 64

Kaluri, kaludi, or kaleeri (musical instrument), 6

Kaluri among Naga tribes, 6

Kayan songs, 81

Kayan war dances, 101

Kayans and Kenyahs, 21

Kayans and Kenyahs, Costume of, 21

Kenyah lunar calendar, 31

Kayu urip,—Tree of life, 34

Killing of Tinggi the murderer, 68

Kilup breaks the rules of Jawa, 129

Kissing, the Bornean custom, 13

Kromong, a musical instrument, 110

Kükenthal, Dr. Willy, 105

Lack of affection, 141

Laid Jok Orang, 106

Laki La, 53

Laki Niho,—Hawk-men, 161

Laki Oi, Kayan Prometheus, 37

Laki Pesong,—the Fire-saw, 37

Lali, or permantong, 160

Lali of the pregnant rice, 164

Lali imposed on unnamed child, 32

Lali of mourning removed, 94

Lamin, or family rooms, 9

Language of camphor collectors, 168

Laram—meaning cool—idiomatic use of, 39

Legend about origin of head-hunting, 59

Lelak clan or tribe, 99

Lelak, guest chamber, 102

Leppu Anans, a small clan or tribe, 124

Leput,—blow-pipes—Manufacture of, 113

Leron clan, Jawa ceremonies, 117

Lijow, Tama Bulan’s son, 42

Lishun, 26

Love tokens before a war expedition, 75

Lueng’s death at Tama Bulan’s, 49

Lukut Sekála, valuable beads, 118

Lunar calendar, 31

Ma Obat, 84

Madong, 76

Manin,—meaning warm—idiomatic use of, 39

Manufacture of Sumpits or blow-pipes, 115

Mark of successful Head-hunter, 147

Marksmanship with the blow-pipe, 177

Maternal advice before a war expedition, 76

Meals, 11

Medicine, Rhinoceros used as, 176

Method of burial among the Berawans, 139

Method of tattooing, 151

Methods of resuscitating a fainting woman, 49

Miniature boat to carry away ill-luck, 179

Moon, Phases of, 31

Mosquitoes, 23

Mourning for a dead Chief, 139

Mourning, restrictions of, removed, 92

Mourning, restrictions of, removed from women, 93

Mount Dulit, 144

Musa—the Fire-saw, 37

Music of the kaluri, 7

Music of the kromong, 111

Mutilation of the ears, 155

Naga Hills, burial customs in, 144

Nalika,—the Fire-drill, 37

Name, determination of, 41

Name of dead father not mentioned, 17

Name, Reluctance in telling, 16

Name, Importance of, 18

Names of tattoo designs, 147

Names, Paraphrases of, 18

Names of relatives not mentioned, 17

Naming ceremonies, 16

Naming ceremonies, fat pork feast, 44

Naming ceremonies, exhortation of sacred pig, 40

Naming a Kenyah child, 32

New Fire, 37

Niah village and bird’s-nest caves, 178

Night before a war expedition, 32

Nicknames of very young children, 74

Nipa palms, 23

Oaths on a tiger’s tooth, 133

Object of a hunt not mentioned, 17

Objection to having idols photographed, 180

Observation of Omens before clearing of the jungle, 162

Occupations of the Punans, 175

Omen animals, 161

Omen birds and mammals—amau, 160

Omen birds, attempts to deceive, 28

Omen birds, communication between man and the, 162

Omen birds conveying thanks to, 4, 78

Omen bird,—Isit, 167

Omens in pig’s liver, 43

Omens in pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, 121

Omens in pig’s liver at Tama Aping Buling’s feast, 132

Omen birds of house-building, 4

Operation of wet-cupping, 49

Orang Kaya Perkassa, 178

Oratory, 73, 123

Ordeal of a feast of raw pork, 44

Origin of head-hunting, 59

Origin of Punans, Legend, 183

Ornaments worn in the ears, 155

Ornamentation of the teeth, 157

‘Pakat Abong’, 186

Paradise, attainment of, 63

Parangs, taken off on entering a veranda, 56

Paraphrases of names, 18

Peace-making, or Jawa, 97

Perforation of the ears, 155

Permantong or Lali, 160

Permantong before house-building, 4

Permantong, breaking of a, 115

Permantong during sickness, 12

Permantong during camphor collecting, 169

Permantong, fine for violation of, 12

Permantong of a room, 12

Permantong in a Kayan house, 166

Permantong, infringement of, 163

Personal embellishment, 146

Pestles used in husking rice, 7

Phases of the moon, 31

Photographing the Punans, 174

Photographing idols, objection to, 180

Photography, evil effects of, 34

Photography, superstitions in regard to, 179

Pictures of animals always conventionalised, 56

Pig’s liver, Omens consulted in, 43

Pipes, tobacco, 171

Planting the corner-post of a house, 3

Platforms on the veranda, 6

Plugs of brass in the teeth, 157

Portrait of a woman taken by Dr. Kükenthal, 105

Posts recording head-hunts, 2, 67

Pre-empting a river for camphor collecting, 115

Prefixes of names, Meaning of, 55

Preliminary to speech-making, 122

Preparation for war expedition, 74

Presents to guests at Naming ceremony, 55

Presents to a corpse, 166

Presents sent to tribes on Batang Kayan River, 108

Primitive customs revived in all ceremonies, 90

Pronouncing a name for the first time at a Naming, 42

Propitiation of Spirits before tattooing, 151

Propriety in broaching a subject for discussion, 73

Punans, 170

Punans,—burial customs, 183

Punans’ bill of fare, 175

Punans’ fear of water, 177

Punans’ method of preparing tapioca, 176

Punans, relationship to Long Wats, 183

Punans, story of their origin, 183

Punans, Village of, 173

Punans, Village of, in bird’s-nest caves, 184

Punishment for head-hunting, 69

Purification after unlucky journey, 28

‘Put,’—a blow-pipe, Manufacture of, 113

Rack on which parangs are hung, 56

Raw pork feast, 44

Reasons for obtaining heads, 65

Recalling the soul of a dying person, 50, 51

Relationship of Punans to Long Wats, 183

Religion of the Borneans, Negative, 64

Reluctance to mention the name of the object of a search, 17

Retaliation for the killing of Tinggi, 69

Return of a war expedition, 90

Return to earth of Spirits of the dead, 140

Rhinoceros used as medicine, 176

Rice husking, 7

Rice mortars, 7

Rice mortars protected during the Permantong Padi, 165

Rivers pre-empted for camphor collecting, 115

River scenery, 23

Rivers tabooed, sign of, 167

Rules of Tama Bulan’s house, 20

Running amuck, 134

Sacrifice of slave girl—house-building, 3

Sacrifice of slave girl at burial of a Chief, 140

Sacrifice of slave for education of boys, 62

Sacrifice of pig on arrival of a Peace party, 126

Salt, ginger root, and bananas given at a Naming, 35, 42

Second day’s ceremony of Naming, 36

Serious consequences to us on account of Lueng’s death, 52

Shaving the hair after mourning, 92

Shavings, curled, on sticks, 168

Shy Punan maiden, 172

Sign of permantong of a river, 167

Sign of permantong in case of sickness, 12

Singing among the Kayans, 81

Skulls, the handling of, 65

Skulls, influence of, hung in veranda, 65

Skulls in Aban Avit’s veranda, 58

Slaves, sacrifice of, 62, 140

Sleeping-closets, 10

Smearing face and body with soot as sign of mourning, 139

‘Snappang,’ the name for a gun, 68

Soap, 13

Songs, appreciation of foreign, 27

Speech-making, 73

Speech-making at Aban Liah’s, 122

Spitting to banish evil Spirits, 28

Spitting on the hair cut off after mourning, 93

Sprinkling with water at a Naming, 39

Start of a war party, 77

Sticks cut into curled shavings, 168

Stinging ants, 177

Stretching the lobes of the ears, 153

Substitution of names, 17, 18, 55, 186

Summit of Mount Dulit, 144

Sumpits,—blow-pipes—Manufacture of, 113

Superstition with regard to photography, 179

Table manners, 11

Taboo or permantong, 160

Taboo, the breaking of, 115

Tag in the water, Game of, 14

‘Tama’, 18

Tama Aping Buling’s house, 127

Tama Balan Deng’s house, 136

Tama Bulan, 18, 21

Tama Bulan’s son, 30

Tama Bulan’s farewell to the Peace party, 109

Tama Liri’s house, 103

Tama Talun, 27

Tapioca, Method of preparation, 176

Tattoo designs, names of, 147

Tattooers, female, 151

Tattooing, propitiation of spirits before, 151

Tattooing of Kayan men, 146

Tattooing of Kayan and Kenyah women, 148

Tattooing needle and ink, 152

‘Tebok bulu,’—bamboo cup, 107

‘Tebuku Tali’ (note), 34

‘Tebuku urip,’—cord of life, 34

Teeth, Ornamentation of, 157

Terluat, 27

Tiger skin regarded with awe, 133

Tiger skin used in uttering a curse, 136

Tiger’s tooth, oath sworn on, 133

‘Tigga’—charms for the crops, 164

Timidity of Punans, 173

Tina—a prefix to a name, 18

Tinggi, a murderer, 68

Toasts, the Bornean custom of giving, 105

Tobacco growing wild, 183

Tobacco pipes, 171

‘Toh Lali’, 163

Tokong, the father of head-hunting, 59

Tone of voice of Punans, 174

Tree of life,—Kaya Urip—Naming ceremony, 34

Tuba berábut, and Tuba ja jaran, 185

Tuba-fishing, 185

Tuba-fishing, fish not mentioned before, 17, 186

Tuba-fishing, invocation of spirits, 188

Unfavourable sign in pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, 121

Unnamed children, 18, 32

Unselfish love not a trait of the Borneans, 141

‘Usut,’ The rite of giving, 112, 163

Valuable beads,—Lukut Sekála, 118

Verandas of Kayan and Kenyah houses, 4

Violation of the rules of ‘Jawa’, 129

Wailing for the dead, 52, 138

War-coats, cases for, 8

War dances, 101

War expedition, 67

War expedition, ceremonies on return of, 90

War expedition, preparation for, 74

War party, the feasting of a, 80

Water, use of, in Naming ceremony, 39

Wawa monkey sacred to some families, 55

Weapons, etiquette in regard to, 56

Wet cupping, 49

Why the Balira is a bony fish, 187

Wild tobacco, 183

Wit of Borneans, 128

Women dressing as men, 164

Women, humble attitude of, 171

Wooden discs as ear-ornaments, 155

Words of invitation to a feast, 80