Part 4 — INDEX TO THE GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH GRAMMARS. (continued 2)
Reading edition
Purity, as a quality of style, in what consists —Precepts aiming at offences against
Pyrrhic, defined
Q.
Q, its name and plur. numb. —has no sound peculiar to itself; its power —is always followed by u
Quakers, or Friends, their style of address, see Friends
Qualities of style, treated —See Style Quantity, or time in pronunciation, explained —as defined by the lexicographers —its effect in the prolation of sounds —WALKER'S views of, unsatisfac. to BROWN —as regulated by emphasis, MURR. —Quant. of a syll., how commonly explained —by what marks may be indicated —Quantities poetic, how denominated, and how proportioned —What quantity coincides with accent or emphasis —Quantity, on what depends —where variable, and where fixed, in Eng. —Crit. observations on accent and quantity —Quantity, its distinction from accent —Accent and quantity, differing views of authors relative to —Quantity, impropriety of affirming it to be the same as accent —DR. JOH. identification of accent with; such, also, that of others; (not so HARRIS;) NOEHD. rightly defines; so FISK, (in Eschenb. Man. Class. Lit.,) et al. —our grammarians seem not to have understood the distinc. of long and short, e. g., FISHER; so SHERID., WALK., MURR., et al. —CHAND. absurd and confused scheme of, noticed —suggestion of WEBST. on, approved
Questions, can be asked only in the indic. or the pot. mood —direct, to be marked by the eroteme —united, how to be marked —indirect, do. —a series of, how may be united and marked —exclamatory, how to be marked —Question, mentioned in due form, how marked —declaratively put, how uttered and marked —in Spanish, doubly marked, ("¿Quien llama?";) in Greek, how
Quite, with art. and adj., construc. how differs according to position of art.
Quotation, direct, first word of, written with capital —Quotations of proof-texts, &c., should be literally given —dependent, separated from say, &c., by comma —indep., preceded by colon —Quotat. within a quotat., how usually marked
Quoth and quod, signif. and use of, in ludicrous lang. or in the old writers
R.
R, name and plur. numb. —of the class liquids —sound of; do., how can be varied in utterance —what faults to be avoided in do. —DR. JOH. account of; WALK. do.
Radicals, separable and inseparable, what are so called in Eng. derivation
Rath, adv., used only in the compar. deg. —Rather, with the exclusive term of comparis. introduced by than —derivation of
Reading, to read, in gram., what the signif. of —READ, verb, CONJUGATED affirmatively in Comp. Form
Reciprocal terms, reciprocals, what pronom. adjectives may be so termed —Reciprocals, EACH OTHER, ONE AN OTHER, their nature and import —misapplicat. of, frequent in books; WEBST. errs in the signif. and applicat. of other. See also Other
Reciprocal or reflected verbs, constructions in imitation of the French
Recurrence of a word in different senses, a fault opposed to propriety
Redundant verb, defined —Redund. verbs, why made a separate class —treated —List of
Reference, marks of, ASTERISK, OBELISK, &c., shown; in what order are introduced —what other signs of, may be used. Reference, doubtful, Crit. N. concerning
Reformers of the Eng. alphabet and orthog., some account of
Rejoice, resolve, incline, &c., import of, in the pass. form
Relations of things, their infinitude and diversity; the nature of RELATION —Relation of words, what —is diff. from agreem., but may coincide with it —Relation according to the sense, an important principle in Eng. synt.; what rules of relation commonly found in the grammars —Simple relation, what parts of speech have no other syntact. property than; what simp. relations there are in Eng. —Relation, with respect to a prep., anteced. term, what may be; subseq., do. —Relation, do., terms of, to be named in parsing a prep.; how the terms may be ascertained by a learner —terms of, to a prep., may be transposed; are very various; both usually expressed
Relative pronouns, defined —Relative pronouns, and their compounds, named; declined —chief constructional peculiarities of —two faulty special rules given by the grammarians, for construc. of, noticed —construc. of, with respect to CASE —ellips. of, in famil. lang., ("The man I trust;") do., poet. —Relative and prep. governing it, when should not be omitted —Relative pron., place of —clauses, connected, employment of, with same pron. in each —Rel. pronouns, exclude conjunctions —derivat. of, from Sax. —poet, peculiarities with respect to. See also Who, Which, &c.
Repetition, of a noun or pronoun, what construc. it produces —of words, emphatic, punct. —of words, through paucity of lang.; against propriety —of do., as demanded by precision —Repetitions, see Pleonasm
Restrictive and resumptive senses of the rel. pronouns, distinc. between, expl. —Restrictive, relation, most approp. expressed by the pron. THAT —admits not a comma before the relative —adj., admits not a comma before it —part., do.
Rhetoric, figure of, defined —Figures of rhetoric, see Figures
Rhetorical pauses, see Pauses
Rhode Island, the name how acquired; peculiarity of its application
Rhyme, defined —Rhyming syllables, their nature and quality
Rhythm, of verse, defined —Fancifully explained by E. A. POE, (who without intelligence derives the term from [Greek: hurithmos]) —sense and signif. of the word
Roman letters, some account of
Rules, of RELATION, what, commonly found in grammars —of SYNT., those common in grammars ill adapted to their purpose; examples of such —of do., exposition of the faulty charac. of those in Eng. grammars —Rules of grammar, advantage of, in the written language
Rush, Dr. J., his new doctrine of the vowels and consonants, in oppos. to the old, how estimated by BROWN —his doctrine of a duplicity of the vocal elements, perstringed —his strange division of the vowels "into two parts," and conversion of most of them into diphthongs; his enumeration and specification of the alphabetic elements
S.
S, its name and plur. numb. —final, in monosyllables, spell. —of the poss. case, occas. dropping of; the elis. how to be regarded, and when to be allowed —its sounds —in what words silent —Ss, sound of
S or es, verbal termin., DR. LOWTH'S account of
Sans, from Fr., signif., and where read
Sabaoth, see Deity
Same cases, construc. of —do., on what founded —what position of the words, admitted by the construc. —Same case, after what verbs, except those which are pass., taken —Same cases, notice of the faulty rules given by LOWTH, MURR., et al., for the construc. of
Sameness of signif., what should be that of the nom. following a verb or part. —Sameness of words, see Identity
Sapphic, verse, described —stanza, composition of; examp. from HOR. —Sapphic verse, difficulty of; Eng. Sapphics few; scansion of; "The Widow," of SOUTHEY, scanned —Eng. Sapphic, DR. WATTS'S ode, (in part.) "The Day of Judgement," "attempted in" —HUMPH. on, cited —Sapphics, burlesque, examples of
Save, saving, as denoting exception, class and construc. of —Save, derivation of
Saxon, alphabet, some account of —lang., its form about the year 450; do. subsequently
Scanning, or scansion, explained —Why, in scanning, the principal feet are to be preferred to the secondary —The poetry of the earliest Eng. poets, not easy of scansion
Script letters, the alphabet exhibited in —the forms of, their adaptation to the pen
Scripture names, many discrepancies in, found in different editions of the Bible. Scriptures, see Bible
Section, mark, uses of
SEE, verb, irreg., act., CONJUGATED affirmatively —takes infin. without prep. TO —its construc. with infin. without to
Seeing and provided, as connectives, their class
Seldom, adv., its comparison; use of, as an adj.
Self, in the format, of the comp. pers. pronouns —CHURCH. explan. of —signif. and use of —as an Eng. prefix —after a noun poss., in poet. diction
Self-contradiction, Crit. N. respecting
Self-naming letters
Semicolon, point —for what purpose used —from what takes its name —when adopted in England —is useful and necessary, though discarded by some late grammarians —Rules for the use of
Semivowel, defined —Semivowels named; nature of w and y; sound of certain, as aspirates
Sense and construc. to be considered, in joining together or writing separately words otherw. liable to be misunderstood —Sense or meaning, necessary to be observed in parsing
Senseless jumbling, Crit. N. concerning
Sentence, defined —Sentence, its parts, principal and subordinate —Sentences, the two kinds of, named and defined —whether a tripartite distribut. of is expedient —Simple sent., false notions amongst grammarians of what constitutes one; the parsing of words not affected thereby —Sentences, simp. and comp., DR. WILS. explanation of —component parts of, what these are —whether all, can be divided into clauses —in what FIVE WAYS, can be analyzed —Sentences, simp., punct.
of, —distinct, do., —allied, do., —short, rehearsed in close succession, how pointed.
Series, of terms, proper use of the articles in, —of words, how to be commaed.
Set and sit, signif. and employment of.
Sex, to what persons ascribed; why a young child may be spoken of without distinc. of, —whether animals may be represented as of no, —inanimate objects fig. represented as having. —Sexes, distinction of, by words, in diff. ways, —denoted by terminat. of words, —designated by proper names.
Shall, verb, how varied, —original signif. of, —explet. use of. —Shall and will, discriminative application of, in the fut. indic.
Sheridan, T., actor and orthoëpist, his literary reputation; the worth of his writings.
Side, noun, peculiarities of usage in regard to.
Silent, or mute, when a letter is said to be.
Silliness, literary, Crit. N. concerning.
Simile, explained.
Since, improp. use of, for ago, —derivation of, from Anglo-Sax.
Sit and set, use and signif. of.
So, as expressing the sense of a preced. word or phrase, —derivation of, from Sax. —So —as, as —so, correspondents.
Soever or soe'er, whether a word or only a part of an other word; how explained by WEBST.
Solemn style, as distinguished from the familiar, —should not be displaced from the paradigms in a grammar, —is not adapted to familiar discourse, —pres. and pret. terminations of, what, and how uttered, —examp. of, second pers. sing., negat., throughout the verb LOVE, conjugated.
Some, classed, —vulg. used for somewhat, or in some degree, ("SOME longer," SANB.). Somehow or other, somewhere or other, what the construc. Somewhere, nowhere, anywhere, &c., their class, and how should be written.
Sort, see Kind.
Sound, of a letter, commonly called its power, —elementary, of the voice, defined. —Sounds, simp. or primary, numb. in Eng., —elementary, what meant by; are few in numb.; their combinations may be innumerable. —Vowel sounds, or vocal elements, how produced, and where heard; what those in Eng., and how may be modified in the format. of syllables; do., how may be written, and how uttered. —Consonant sounds, simp., in Eng., how many, and what; by what letters marked; in what words heard. —Sounds, long and short, SIGNS used to denote them. —Sounds, a knowledge of, how acquired, —importance of being early taught to pronounce those of one's native lang. —Passage exemplifying all the letters, and all the SOUNDS, in Eng. —Sounds of the Letters, treated.
Speak, to speak, what is meant by.
Speaker, why often speaks of himself in the third pers., —represents himself and others by we, —in Eng., should mention himself last. —The elegant speaker, by what distinguished.
Species and figure of words, what so called, —unsettled usage of the lang. with regard to what relates to the latter. Species and genus of things, how admits limitation by the article.
SPELLING, defined. —Spelling, how to be acquired, —cause of the difficulty of its acquisition, —Rules for, —usage, as a law of, —uniformity and consistency in, how only can be attained. —The right spelling of a word, what, PHILOLOG. Mus. —Oral spelling, how should be conducted. —Charac. of BROWN'S rules for spelling.
Spondee, defined.
St, unsyllab. suffix, whether, wherever found, is a modem contrac. of the syllable est.
Standards of English orthog., the books proposed as such, abound in errors and inconsistencies. —Whether we have a system of Eng. ORTHOEPY worthy to be accounted a STANDARD.
Stanza, defined. —Stanzas, uniformity of, in the same poem, —varieties of, —Elegiac stanza, described. —Stanzas, lyric, examples of, —"A GOOD NAME," ("two beautiful little stanzas," BROWN).
Star, or asterisk, use of. —Three stars, or asterism,
Stenotone, or breve, for what used.
Stops, in printing or writing, see Points.
Strength, as a quality of style, in what consists, —essentials of, —Precepts aiming at offences against.
Strew, whether, or not, an other mode of spelling strow; whether to be distinguished in utterance from do.; whether reg. or irreg.
STYLE, qualities of, treated. —Style, as connected with synt., what, —differs from mere words and mere grammar; not regulated entirely by rules of construc., —what relation has to the author himself, and what shows, —general characters of, by what epithets designated. —What must be remembered by the learner, in forming his style; a good style how acquired. —Style, solemn, familiar, &c., as used in gram., what meant by. —(See Solemn Style.)
Subaudition, meaning of the term. Subdisjunctive particle, of the Latins, expressed in Eng. by or of alternat.
Subject of a finite verb, what, and how may be known, —must be the NOM. CASE, —what besides a noun or pronoun may be. —Subject phrases, joint, what agreements require. —Subject and predicate, in analysis. See also Nominative Case.
Subjunctive mood, defined. —Subj. mood, why so called; what denotes, —differing views of grammarians in regard to the numb. and form of its tenses. —The true subj. mood rejected by some late grammarians; strictures on WELLS. —WELD'S erroneous teaching respecting the subj., noticed, —CHAND. do., do. —Chief characteristical diff. between the indic. and the subj. mood. —Subj. mood described, —its two tenses do., and their forms shown, in the verb LOVE, conjugated, —whether ever put after a rel. pronoun, —proper limits of, —how properly employed. —False subj. —Subj. mood, not necessarily governed by if, lest, &c.
Such, corresponding to that, with infin. foll., —with rel. as following, in stead of who or which.
Sui generis, what thing is thus designated.
Superlative degree, defined, —BROWN'S definit. of, and of the other degrees, new; the faulty charac. of those of MURR., shown, —the true nature of; how may be used; to what is applicable; the explanations of, by the copyists of MURR., criticised, —whether not applicable to two objects, —when employed, what construc. of the latter term should follow. —Double superlatives, to be avoided. —Superl. termination, contractions of.
Supplied, in parsing, what must be. See also Ellipsis.
Suppression, mark of, see Ellipsis.
Syllabic writing, far inferior to the alphabetic, BLAIR.
Syllabication, Rules of, —the doctrine of, why attended with difficulty, —object of; WALK. on; strictures on MULK. rules of, —which of the four purposes of, is preferable in spelling-books and dictionaries, —DR. LOWTH on, —nature of BROWN'S six Rules of; advantage of a system of, founded on the pronunciat., —LATH. and FOWL. fictitious dilemmas in. —Syllabication, erroneous, samples of, from MURR., WEBST., et al.
SYLLABLES, treated. —Syllable defined. —Syllable, cannot be formed without a vowel, —cannot be broken. —Syllables, numb. of, in a word, —words denominated from their numb. of, —the ear chiefly directs in the division of words into. —(See Syllabication.) —Syllable, its quantity in poetry, —do., on what depends.
Syllepsis, explained, —literal signif. of the term; extended applicat. of do. by the grammarians and rhetoricians; BROWN, by his definition, gives it a more restricted applicat.; disapproves of WEBST. explanat. of the term, —what definition or what applicat. of the term is the most approp., has become doubtful.
Synæresis, explained.
Synchysis, what was so termed by some of the ancients; is different from hyperbaton; its import in gram.; its literal signif.
Syncope, explained.
Synecdoche, (comprehension,) explained. —Synecd., agreem. of pron. with anteced., in cases of.
Synonymous, words so accounted, PREC. concerning the use of.
Syntactical parsing, see Parsing.
SYNTAX. —Synt., of what treats, —the relation of words, the most important principle of; defects of the grammars in treating of do., —false exhibitions of grammarians with respect to the scope and parts of, —character of the rules of, found in most grammars, —divided by some grammarians into concord and governm., and yet treated by them without regard to such division, —common fault of grammarians, noticed, of joining together diff. parts of speech in the same rule of, —do., of making the rules of, double or triple in their form, —whether the principles of etymol. affect those of. —All synt., on what founded. —Why BROWN deemed it needful to add to his code of synt. a GENERAL RULE and CRITICAL NOTES. Figures of syntax.
T.
T, name and plur. numb. of, —substitution of, for ed, how far allowable, —sounds of, —is seldom silent; in what words not sounded. Th, ([Greek: Th], [Greek: alt-th], or [Greek: alt2-th], Gr.,) what represents; how was represented in Anglo-Sax., and to what sounds applied; the two sounds of. To a Tee, the colloq. phrase, explained.
Tautology of expression or of sentiment, a fault opposed to precision.
Teacher, what should be his aim with respect to gram.
Technical terms, unnec. use of, as opposed to propriety. Technically, words and signs taken, how to be construed.
Tenses, term defined. —Tenses, the difierent, named and defined, —whether the names of, are approp., or whether they should be changed, —whether all express time with equal precision, —who reckon only three, and who two; who still differently and variously name their tenses, —Tenses, past and present, occurring together. See Present Tense, Imperf. Tense, &c.
Terminating a sentence with a prep. or other small particle
Terminations, of words, separated in syllabicat. —of verbs, numb. of different, in each tense —of the Eng. verb; DR. A. MURR. account of —tendency of the lang. to lay aside the least agreeable —usage of famil. discourse in respect to those of second pers. sing. —verbal or particip., how are found written in old books —the only reg. ones added to Eng. verbs; utterance of ed and edst —ed, participial, and n, verbal, WALK. on the contrac. of —Termination t, for ed, forced and irreg.
Terms of relation, see Relation. Tetrameter line, iambic, examples of —a favorite with many Eng. writers; BUTL. Hudib., GAY'S Fab., and most of SCOTT'S poems, writt. in couplets of this meas. —admits the doub. rhyme adapted to familiar and burlesque style —trochaic, examples of —character of do. —EVERETT'S fanciful notions about do. —anapestic, examples of —L. HUNT'S "Feast of the Poets," an extended examp. of do. —dactylic, examples of
Than, as, with ellips. in latter term of comparison —character and import of —declinable words connected by, put in same case —Than WHOM, as Gr. genitive governed by comparat., MILT. —what grammarians have inferred from the phrase —MURR. expedient to dispose of do. —CHURCH. makes the rel. in do. "the obj. case absol.," —BROWN determines with respect to the construc. —Than, as demanded after else, other, &c., and Eng. comparatives —derivation of, from Goth. or Anglo-Sax.
That, its class determined —its various uses —as REL. PRONOUN, to what applied —as used in anomalous construc., —its peculiarity of construc. as a relative —its especial use as the restrictive relative —the frequent employment of, by Addison, wrongly criticised by BLAIR —as a relative, in what cases more appropriate than who or which —That, ellipt., repeating the import of the preceding words, ("And THAT," —[Greek: kai tauta],) —That, in the phrases in that, &c., how to be reckoned —That, as introducing a dependent clause, how to be ranked —as introducing a sent. made the subj. or obj. of a finite verb —its power at the head of a sent. or clause —its derivation
The, before the species, what may denote —how commonly limits the sense —applied to nouns of either numb. —before what adjectives, required —distinctive use of ("The Psalmist") —as relating to comparatives and superlatives —used for poss. pron. —repetition of, how avoided —derivation of, from Sax. —pronunc. of e in. See also Definite Article.
Them, in vulg. use as an adj., for those
Thence, &c., with from prefixed, whether allowable
There, introductory and idiomatic, notions of grammarians concerning; its posit. and use; is a regular adv. of place, and not "without signification," —derivation of, from Anglo-Sax. —poet. omission of
They, put indefinitely for men or people
This and that, as explained by CHURCH. —placed before conjoint singulars, ("THIS POWER AND WILL do," &c.,) —in contrasted terms
Three stars, or asterism, use of
Time, the order and fitness of, to be observed in constructions expressing it —nouns of, with adv. WHEN, as a special relative, following Time, measure, or weight, part made possessive of the whole, ("An HOUR'S time") —noun of, not poss., immediately before an other, ("A POUND WEIGHT,") Time, place, &c., the obj. case in expressions of, taken after the fashion of an adv. Time, measure, distance, or value, nouns of, their peculiarity of construc.; the parsing of Time, obj. noun of, qualifying a subsequent adj., ("A child OF ten years OLD,") Four times, five times, &c., how to be reckoned. TIMES, before an other noun, by way of MULTIPLICATION, the nature and construc. of, discussed; decision. Times, in what construc. may be called the objective of repetition, or of time repeated. Time in pronunciation, or quantity
Titles, of books, are printed in capitals —of office, &c., begin with do. —merely mentioned as such, are without art. —Name and TITLE, (see Proper Names.) Side-titles, use of dash in application to
Tmesis, explained
To, as governing infin. mood —do., variously explained by grammarians —is a sign of inf., but not a part of it —what BROWN claims for his RULE respecting the infin. as gov. by the prep. TO, &c.; he shows that the doctrine originated not with himself —TO and the verb, what FISHER (anno 1800) taught respecting; what, LOWTH, and what, absurdly, MURR., his copyist —To, as governing infin., traced from the Sax. to the Eng. of WICKL., —To, before infin., evasive teachings of the later grammarians concerning its class and construc. —do., how considered by most Eng. grammarians —do., how proved to be a prep. —do., preceded by for, anc. —after what verbs, omitted, —whether to be repeated before infinitives in the same construe. —sometimes required, and sometimes excluded, after than or as —whether it may be separated from its verb by an adv.; is placed more elegantly AFTER an adv., ("PROPERLY TO respect,") —in what cases has no prop, antec. term of relat. —To suppressed and be inserted after MAKE, whether correctly —To, prep, or adv., from Anglo-Sax. —To, as prefix to noun, (to-day, to-night, to-morrow,).
Tones of the voice, what; why deserving of j particular attention —what denominated by SHERID.; what should be their character —BLAIR'S remark on; HIL. do. —Tones of the passions, WALK, observation on.
Topics, different, to be treated in separate paragraphs, PREC. of Unity.
Transposition, of the terms of relat., when a preposition begins or ends a sentence or clause —rhetorical, of words, or hyperbaton.
Tribrach, defined.
Trimeter line, iambic, the measure seldom used alone; examples of, —and do., with diversifications —trochaic, examples of —anapestic, examples of —alternated with the tetram., examp., "The Rose," of COWP.; the same scanned —dactylic, examples of. Triphthong, defined —proper, do., the only, in Eng. —improp., do.; and the improp. triphthongs named.
Trochaic verse, treated —Troch. verse, the stress in —nature of the single-rhymed; error of MURR. et al. concerning the last syll. in —how may be changed to coincide with other measures; how is affected by retrenchment —confounded with iambic by several gramm. and prosodists —Strictures on CHURCH., who doubts the existence of the troch. ord. of verse —Troch. verse shown in its eight measures —Trochaics, Eng., the TETRAMETER the most common meas. of —DR. CAMPB. on —"Trochaic of One foot," account of.
Trochee, or choree, defined.
Tropes, what figures of rhetoric are so called; signif. of the term.
Trow, its signif., and where occurs; in what person and tenses read.
Truisms and senseless remarks, how to be dealt with in gram.
Tutoyant, to what extent prevalent among the French. See Youyouing, &c.
Type or character, two forms of the letters in every kind of.
U.
U, lett., which (as A, E, I, or O) names itself —its plur. numb. —sounds properly its own —as self-naming, to what equivalent; requires art. a, and not an, before it —pronounced with borrowed sound —long or diphthongal sound, as yu; sound of slender o or oo, after r or rh.
Unamendable imperfections sometimes found in ancient writings, remarks in relation to.
Unauthorized words, use of, as opposed to purity, PREC. concerning.
Unbecoming, adj., from participle compounded, error of using transitively words of this form; such error how corrected.
Uncertain, the part of speech left, see Equivocal, &c.
Unco-passive voice, or form, of the verb, ("Is being built,") the use of. conflicts with the older and better usage of the lang. —the subject of, discussed by BROWN —the true principle with respect to, stated.
Underlining words, in preparing manuscripts, to denote Italics &c.
Understood, words said, in technical phrase, to be, what such, (Lat., subaudita)
Ungrammatical language by which grammar itself is professedly taught, sample from MURR.; from PINNEO; et al. e diversis, Gram. of E. Gram., passim.
Unity, as a quality of style, in what consists —required by every sentence —Precepts aiming at offences against. Unity, THE IDEA OF, how generally determined, in respect to a collect. noun, whether it conveys such idea or not.
Usage, as a law of orthography for particular words —Usage, as it has been, and as it is, the advantage of an exhibition of, by the grammarian.
Useless words, employment of, as opposed to precision.
UTTERANCE, treated —Utterance, what, and what includes.
V.
V, name and plur. of: —written for a number: —sound of,
Value, &c., nouns of, see Time.
Verbal or participial noun, (see Participial, &c.) —Verbal forms used substantively, by poet pecul.
VERBS, Etymol. of; —Verb, defined: —why so called: —a perf. definition of, why difficult to form; —CHIEF TERMS, or PRINCIP. PARTS, of an Eng. verb, named and defined. —Verbs. Classes of, with respect to their FORM, named and defined: —do., with respect to their signif., do. —(See Active-Transitive Verb, &c.) Verbs, whole numb, of, in Eng.; the regular, far the most numerous; account of the others —how divided with respect to signif. in most grammars and dictionaries; BROWN'S division —divided by certain grammarians into act., pass., and neut. —MURR, on the distribution of —NIX. on do. —Verbs, in Lat., grammarians of old differed respecting the distribut. of —different methods of distribut. of, by several other authors, noticed —Verbs, most act., may be used either as trans. or as intrans. —some may be used either in an act. or a neut. sense —act. form of, used in a pass. sense; so also PART. in ing, ("The books continue SELLING") —Verbs, Modifications of, named —Moods of, named and defined; (see Infinitive Mood, Indic. Mood, &c.) —Tenses of, named and defined; (see Present Tense, Imperf. Tense, &c.) —Persons and numbers of, what —Conjugations of —how principally conjugated —(See Conjugation) —Verbs, Irreg., List of —simp. irreg., numb. of; whence derived —Redundant, List of —Defective, do. —Verbs irreg. and redund., of what character all former lists of, have been —Verbs, of asking and teaching, construc. of —whether any, in Eng., can govern two cases —suppressed in exclamat. &c. —Verbs, Synt. of —Verbs requiring a regimen, should not be used without an object —Verb, AGREEM. of, with its subject —do., inferred —do., by sylleps., in plur., title of a book —do., in imperat. mood —Verb of the third pers. sing. with a plur. noun of the neut. gend., the use of, a strange custom of the Greeks; such use not existent in Eng. —Verb, AGREEM. of, with infin. phrase or sentence as subject —do., with infin. subject limited, ("FOR MEN TO SEARCH their own glory, IS," &c.) —do., with a nom. in interrog. sentences —do., with a rel., according to the true anteced. of the pron.; (examp. of error from DR. BLAIR) —do., with a nom. limited by adjuncts —do., with composite or converted subjects —do., with each, every, one, &c., as leading words —do., by change of nominative —Verb, the form of, to be adapted to the style —when requires a separate nom. expressed —Verb, AGREEM. of, with a nom. noun collective —do., with joint nominatives —do., with two connected nominatives in appos. —do., with two conn. nominatives emphatically distinguished —do., with two conn. nominatives preceded by each, every, or no —do., with nearest of connected nominatives, and understood to the rest; whether the usage is proper in Eng. —do., with connected nominatives of different persons —do., with connected subjects, one taken affirmat. and the other negat. —do., with two subjects connected by as well as, but, or save —do., with connected subjects preceded by each, every, or no —do., in ellipt. construc. of joint nominatives —do., with distinct subject phrases connected by and —do., with disjunct. nominatives —do., with disagreeing nominatives connected disjunctively —do., when connected nominatives require different forms of the verb —do., with distinct phrases disjunct, connected —Verbs, connected by and, or, or nor, how must agree —discordant, how managed with respect to agreem. —Verb, mixture of the diff. styles of, ineleg. —diff. moods of, not to be used under the same circumstances —when two connected terms require diff. forms of, what insertion is necessary —Verbs of commanding, desiring, expecting, &c., to what actions or events refer —of desisting, omitting, &c., with a part. following, rather than an infin. —of preventing, what should be made to govern —Verb, finite, punc. of —ellips. of, shown —derivation of, from nouns, adjectives, and verbs —poet. peculiarities in the use of
Verbosity, as affecting strength
Verse, in oppos. to prose, what —Blank verse, as distinguished from rhyme —Verse, general sense of the term; its derivation and literal signif.; the visible form of verse —Verse, as defined by JOH., WALK., et al.; do. by WEBST. —Verse, Eng., the difficulty of treating the subject of, and from what this arises —A verse, or line of poetry, of what consists —Verse, or poetic measure, the kinds, or orders of, named; (see Iambic Verse, Trochaic Verse, &c.) —Verse, the proper reading of
VERSIFICATION, treated —Versification, defined —Versification, POE'S (E. A.) notions concerning; his censure of BROWN'S former definition of; his rejection of the idea of versif. from the principle of rhythm; his unfortunate derivat. of rhythm from [Greek: hurithmos,] and vain attempts to explain the term: the farrago summarily disposed of by BROWN —EVERETT'S "System of Eng. Versification," account of, and strictures on
Vision, or imagery, explained
Vocative case of Lat. and Gr. gram., not known in Eng.
Voice, ACTIVE, and PASSIVE, whether necessary terms in Eng. gram.
Vowel, defined —Vowels named —W and Y, when vowels; comp. —Vowel sounds, or vocal elements, the different, how produced —what are those in Eng. —how each may be variously expressed by letters; notation of —Vowels, two coming together, where may be parted in syllabication.
W.
W, its name and plur. numb. —simpler term than Double-u perhaps desirable; DR. WEBST. on the lett. —W, when a vowel —with vowel foll., sound of —before h, how pronounced —in Eng. never used alone as a vowel —no diphthongs or triphth. in Eng., beginning with.
Wages, noun, plur. by formation; its construe, with a verb.
Walker, J., estimate of his Critical Pronouncing Dictionary —in his lexicography how far followed DR. JOH.
Was, contrary to usage preferred by some to were, in the imperf. sing, of the subj.
We, plur., as representing the speaker and others; how sometimes used in stead of the sing.; sometimes preferred by monarchs to I.
Webster, Dr. N., describes language as comprehending the voice of brutes —never named the Eng. letters rightly —his orthography as a standard; do. compared with that of DR. JOH. —the result to himself of his various attempts to reform our orthog.; the value of his definitions.
Weight, measure, &c., see Time.
Wert, as used in lieu of wast —its mood not easy to determine; authorities for a various use of.
What, its class and nature —to what usually applied; its twofold relat. explained —its numb.; example of solec. in the use of —as a mere adj., or as a pron. indef. —its use both as an adj. and as a relative at the same time; do. for who or which, ludic. and vulg. —declined —how to be disposed of in etymolog. parsing; how to be parsed syntactically —how becomes an interj. —used appar. for an adv.; uttered exclamatorily before an adj., to be taken as an adj., ("WHAT PARTIAL judges are our," &c.,) —followed by that, by way of pleonasm, ("WHAT I tell you in darkness, THAT," &c.,) —with but preceding, ("To find a friend, BUT WHAT" &c.,) —vulg. use of, for that —derivation of, from Sax., shown.
Whatever or whatsoever, its peculiarities of construe., the same as those of what; its use in simp, relation —its construc. as a double relative; whether it may be supposed ellipt. —its declension.
When, where, or while, in what instance not fit to follow the verb is —When, where, whither, as partaking of the nature of a pron.; construc, of do., with antecedent nouns of time, &c., how far allowable —derivation of, from Anglo-Sax.
Whether, as an interrog. pron.; as a disjunc. conjunc. —conjunc. corresponsive to or —as do., its derivation from Sax.
Which, relative —its former use; to what objects now confined —its use after a personal term taken by meton. for a thing; do., as still applicable to persons —is of all the genders, (in oppos. to MURR., WEBST., et. al.,) —is less approp. than who, in all personifications —its construc. when taken in its discrim. sense, —how differs from the rel. that —BLAIR'S incorrect remarks respecting —Which, as rel. or interrog., declined —Which, sometimes takes whose for its poss., —represents a prop. name taken merely as a name, ("Herod —WHICH is but," &c.,) —do. nouns of mult, expressing persons, when such are strictly of the neut. gend., ("The COMMITTEES WHICH" &c.,) —in what cases is less approp. than that —does not fitly represent an indicative assertion, ('"Be ATTENTIVE, without WHICH," &c.,) —its Sax. derivation shown —The which, obsol., —Which, interrog., what demands, —to what objects applied —now used for the obsol. whether.
Whichever, whichsoever, signif. and construc. of —declension of.
Who, relative —to what usually applied —has superseded which, formerly applied to persons, ("Our Father WHO art" &c.,) —to be preferred to which, in all personifications —how differs from the rel. that —Who, as rel. or interrog., declined, —Whose, use of, for the defec. poss., of which —Than whom, (see Than.) —Who, interrog., what demands —may be the anteced. of the rel. that —Who, derivation of, from Sax.
Whoever, and whoso or whosoever, signif. and construc. of —declens. of —Whoso and whatso, antiq., import and use of,
Whole, improp. use of, for all. ("Almost the WHOLE inhabitants," HUME.,).
Why, after nouns of cause, (see When, &c.) —Why, wherefore, therefore, their class.
Will, verb, how varied —use of, as a principal verb.
Wis, verb, pret. wist, signif. and use of —Had I wist,
With, for and, (see Cum:) —added to adv. of direc., with emphat. imperat. ("Up WITH it"). Withal its class and construc. Without, obsol. use of, for unless or except. Withouten, paragog. and poet. form. Withinside of Won't, whence formed; its pronunc.
Worcester, Dr. J. E., his Universal and Critical Dictionary WORDS, treated. —Word, defined. —Words distinguished, and the divisions of, defined. —(See Compound Word.) —Words, Rules for the figure of; —simp., when compounding is to be avoided —when to be joined, or to be written separately —Words, the nature of, explained —the consid. of, as comm., and as prop., —brevity sought in the comm. use of —the identity of, in what consists —unsettled and variable usage with respect to the figure of —Words that may constitute diff. parts of speech, their construc. not to be left doubtf. —the reference of, to other words, do. —senselessly jumbled, charac. of —entirely needless, how to be disposed of —unintelligently misapplied, what indicates, —Words, PUNCT. of: in pairs; alternated; put absol.; in appos.; repeated —Words, derivation of, treated —most of those regarded as primitives in Eng., may be traced to ulterior sources —the study of, its importance —how the knowledge of, may be promoted with respect to Eng. —Words, the use of, as affecting Purity —do., as affect. Propriety —do., as affect. Precision —do., as affect. Perspicuity —do., as affect. Strength
Worshiper, whether properly written with a single or a double p
Worth, its class and construc.
Worthy, admits not ellips. of prep, of before obj. following
Writing, to write, what meant by
X.
X, its name and plur. num. —format. of the plur. of nouns in —why never doubled —written for a number —its sounds
Y.
Y, its name and plur. numb.; —borrowed first by the Romans from the Greeks, by whom called Ypsilon —in Eng. is either a vowel or a conson. —classed with the semivowels —final, changed or unchanged before terminations —do., when, by former practice, retained in verbs ending in y, before conson. terminations —sounds of —in poet. format. of adjectives
Ye, nom. plur., solemn style —its use as the obj. case —as a mere explet. in burlesque —its use in the lang. of tragedy —used for thee —in the Eng. Bible not found in the obj. case —Ye and you, promisc. use of, in the same case and the same style, ineleg.
Yes, yea, in a simp. affirmation, construc. and class of —derivation of, from Anglo-Sax.
You, use of, for thou —You, with was, ("YOU WAS BUILDING,") approved by DR. WEBST. et al., as the better form for the sing. numb. —You, and VERB PLUR., in reference to one person, how to be treated in parsing. Your, facet. in conversation, and how uttered ("Dwells, like YOUR miser, sir," &c., SHAK.,) Yourself, its pecul. of construc.
Your Majesty, your Highness, &c., see Address.
Youyouing and theethouing, history of
Z.
Z, its name and plur. —has been called by several names; WALK., on the name —peculiarity of its ordinary form —its sounds described
Zeugma, (i.e., JUGATIO, vel CONNEXIO, Sanct.,) the various forms of, were named and noticed, but not censured, by the ancient grammarians —constructions of adjectives, referred to the figure, ("ONE or a FEW judges,"); do. of verbs, ("But HE NOR I FEEL more," YOUNG,)