The Golden Bough, Vol. 2 of 2

Index.

Reading edition

Aachen, fire festival at, ii. 251

Aargau, trees planted at births in, ii. 330

Aberdeenshire, ceremony at the cutting of the last sheaf in, i. 345

Abyssinia, rain-making on the outskirts of, i. 53

Abyssinian festivals, ii. 171

Acagchemen tribe, adoration of the buzzard by the, ii. 90, 91

Adonis, myth and worship of, i. 279-282, 296;

connection with vegetation, i. 281;

gardens of, i. 284-296;

rites of, similar to those of Osiris, i. 319, 320;

probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;

lament of, i. 280, 399;

as a pig, ii. 49, 50

Aegira, blood drunk at, before prophesying, i. 34

Aethiopian kings confined to their palaces, i. 164

Afghan Boundary Mission, reception of the, by the natives, i. 155

Afghanistan, reception of strangers in, i. 155

Africa, weather kings common in, i. 44;

reluctance to accept the crown in some parts of West, i. 118, 119;

priestly kings on the west coast of, i. 112;

human heart eaten in the Shire Highlands of, ii. 89

Ague, cure for, ii. 153

Aht Indians, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 229, 230

Ain, May-day customs in the Département de l', i. 88

Aino type of sacrament, ii. 134-136

Ainos, bear festival of the, ii. 101-105;

preparation for fishing, ii. 122;

treatment of the bear, ii. 132

Alaskan sable hunters, ii. 116

Alban hills, i. 1;

mount, i. 2

Albania, Easter Eve custom in, i. 276; ii. 181;

scapegoat in, ii. 201, 202;

beating in, ii. 216

Alexandria, commemoration of the death of Adonis and Aphrodite at, i. 279, 280

Alfoers, function of their high priest Leleen, i. 166;

ceremony for restoring the soul, i. 134, 135;

priest's hair uncut, i. 194;

priest sows the first rice seed and plucks the first ripe rice, ii. 71;

driving away the devil by the, ii. 159

Algeria, midsummer fires in, ii. 266

Alligator, the man-eating, ii. 109

Alps, May-day custom in the, i. 104

Altisheim, harvest custom in, i. 337

Altmark, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 98;

Easter bonfires, ii. 254

Amboina, soul-abstracting in, i. 139, 140;

sprinkling the sick with spices in, i. 154;

hair burying in, i. 201;

disease boats in, ii. 188;

strength thought to be in the hair in, ii. 328;

offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 377

Amenhôtep IV and the sun-god, i. 314, 315

America, belief in the resurrection of the buffalo in the western prairies of, ii. 123

Ammon, rage of the sun-god Ra against, i. 315;

rams held sacred by the worshippers of, ii. 92, 93

Andamanese belief in the reflection as the soul, i. 145

Anderida, wealds of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, remnants of the forest of, i. 57

Angel-man, beheading the, ii. 267

Angoulême, custom of burning a poplar on St. Peter's Day in, i. 101

Angoy, king of, must have no bodily defects, i. 221

[pg 386]

Animal worship, two types of, ii. 133, 134;

sacred carried in procession, ii. 139-147;

employed as a scapegoat, ii. 189-191, 194, 195;

eaten to obtain its quality, ii. 86, 87;

spared by savages from fear of the vengeance of other animals of the same kind, ii. 107-110;

respect shown by the savage for the animal he kills, ii. 110-132;

Savage belief in the resurrection of the, ii. 122-125;

burnt as representative of the spirit of vegetation, ii. 282-284

Annamites, soul superstition amongst the, i. 132

Antaymour kings responsible for the general welfare, i. 46

Antrim, harvest custom in, i. 339

Apache Indians, rain-making by the, i. 15

Apalai Indians, ceremony on the arrival of a stranger by the, i. 153, 154

Aphrodite, i. 279

Apis the sacred Egyptian bull drowned, ii. 61 sq.

Apollo Diradiotes, blood of sacrificial lamb drunk in the temple of, i. 34

Apple-tree, superstition with regard to the, by barren women, i. 73

Arabia, belief concerning a man's shadow in, i. 143

Arabian stories, the external soul in, ii. 318, 319

Arabic belief in the properties of lion's fat, ii. 86

Arabs, rain-making by the heathen, i. 20

Arcadia, rain-charm in, i. 21;

beating the scapegoat, ii. 214

Archon of Plataeae, the, may not touch iron, i. 173

Arden, forest of, i. 57

Argive tradition concerning Dionysus, i. 324, 325

Ariadne, marriage of, i. 104

Aricia, “there are many Manii at,” explanation of the proverb, ii. 82, 83

Arician Grove, the, i. 1-6;

ritual, ii. 63, 64;

harvest celebration, ii. 67;

Manius the traditional founder of the, ii. 84;

sacrament, ii. 83, 84

Aru Islands, soul superstition in the, i. 125, 126;

custom after a death in the, i. 147;

hair cutting, i. 201;

dog's flesh eaten, ii. 87

Arval Brothers, priestly college of the, and the sacred grove, i. 65;

sacred grove of the, and iron, i. 172

Aryans, the, tree worshippers, i. 56-59, 99;

totemism and the, ii. 38;

oak the sacred tree of the, ii. 291;

primitive worship, ii. 370

Ascension Day custom, i. 265

Aschbach, harvest custom in, i. 368

Ash Wednesday customs, i. 254-257; ii. 29, 48, 251

Ashantee, royal blood not shed in, i. 181;

harvest festival in, ii. 374

Asia Minor, Pontiffs of, i. 7, 8

Athene, relation of the goat to, ii. 63

Athens, annual marriage of the queen to Dionysus at, i. 103, 104;

rites of Adonis observed in, i. 284, 285;

scapegoats in, ii. 212;

ritual at the sacrifice of the ox in, ii. 38, 39, 41

Attis, myth and festival of, i. 296-298; ii. 50;

a tree-spirit or corn-spirit, i. 298-300;

probability that the high priest of, was slain in the character of the god, i. 300;

probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;

relation to Lityerses, i. 396, 397;

as a pig, ii. 49, 50

Australia, rain-making in, i. 20, 21;

ceremony on entering strange territory by the Australians, i. 156;

seclusion of women in, i. 170;

blood may not be spilt on the ground in some parts of, i. 181, 182;

hair burning after child-birth in, i. 206;

totemism, ii. 133, 334-336

Australian blacks' charm for staying the sun, i. 25;

attack the dust columns of red sand, i. 29, 30;

fear of women's blood, i. 185, 186; ii. 238;

remedy for toothache, ii. 149;

annual expulsion of ghosts, ii. 163

—— Kamilaroi, cannibalism by the, ii. 88

—— medicine man and recall of the soul, i. 131, 132

—— Wotjobaluk, rain-making by the, i. 14

Austria, charm for lulling the wind in, i. 28;

old peasant belief in the souls of trees in, i. 61

Auxerre, reaping custom at, i. 335

Axim, annual expulsion of devils at, ii. 170

Aymara Indians, scapegoat used by the, in times of plague, ii. 191

Aztecs, the, and the reflection-soul, i. 145;

aversion to wine, i. 185

Baba, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 339, 340

Babar Islands, restoration of the soul in the, i. 137;

the soul believed to be in the shadow, i. 142

Babylon, Sacaea festival at, i. 226

Babylonian legend concerning the goddess Istar, i. 287

[pg 387]

Baffin Land, expulsion of evil by the Eskimo of, ii. 165

Bagota, restrictions on the heir to the throne in, ii. 225

Balder killed by the mistletoe, ii. 244 sq.;

the oak, ii. 295;

life of, in the mistletoe, ii. 359-362

Balder's bale-fires, ii. 289 sq.

Bali, mice and the rice fields of the island of, ii. 131;

periodic expulsion of devils, ii. 174, 175;

custom at a birth, ii. 329

Balquhidder, harvest custom in, i. 344

Banjar kings held responsible for the weather, i. 46, 47

Banks Islanders, the tamaniu of the, ii. 331, 332

Baranton, fountain of, i. 15

Barcelona, Mid-Lent custom in, i. 262

Bari tribe, rain kings of the, i. 52, 53

Barotse, the chief a demigod in, i. 46

Barren women's superstition regarding the apple-tree, i. 73

Bassam, Great, sacrifice of oxen at, ii. 41, 42;

ceremony of driving out the evil spirit, ii. 161, 162

Basutos, the, and the reflection-soul, i. 145;

cannibalism by the, ii. 89;

offerings of first-fruits, ii. 373

Bat, the, ii. 334-337

Battambang, rain-charm in, i. 19

Battas, the, fighting the wind, i. 28, 29;

refuse to fell trees, i. 64, 65;

soul superstition, i. 124, 125, 135, 136;

soul straying, i. 160;

ceremony of making the curse to fly away by the, ii. 150, 151;

totemism amongst the, ii. 340, 341;

belief in plurality of souls, ii. 341

Bavaria, May custom in, i. 84;

Whitsuntide representative of the tree-spirit in, i. 242;

harvest custom in, i. 342; ii. 27, 28;

cure for fever, ii. 153;

Easter bonfires in, ii. 254;

midsummer bonfires in, ii. 278

Bear, Shrovetide, i. 254, 255;

sacrifice of the, ii. 99-108;

ceremony at killing a, ii. 111-113, 115;

ceremony before a bear-hunt, ii. 112, 113

Bears, dead, treated with respect, ii. 111-113

Beasts, divine, held responsible for the course of nature, i. 48

Beating as a ceremonial purification, ii. 213-217, 232-234

Beauce, straw man in, ii. 40

Beavers, superstition about killing, ii. 116

Bechuanaland, rain-charm in, i. 18;

sun superstition in, i. 23;

hack-thorn held sacred in, i. 69;

purification after travel, i. 157;

crocodile superstition in, ii. 55, 56;

transference of ills in, ii. 149

Bedouins, pursuing the wind, i. 29

Belfast, harvest custom at, i. 336, 337

Belgium, procession with wicker giant in, ii. 281

Belli-Paaro, ceremony of, in Quoja, ii. 347, 348

Beltane fires, ii. 254-258

Bengal, Gardens of Adonis in, i. 288, 289

Bernkastel, reaping custom in, ii. 15

Berry, belief regarding the birth of the corn-spirit in, ii. 23;

harvest custom, ii. 26

Bhagats, mock human sacrifices by the, i. 252, 253

Bhotan, man worshippers in, i. 42

Biajas of Borneo, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. 192

Bidasari, ii. 325 sq.

Bilaspur, custom at, on the death of a Rajah, i. 232

Birch-tree dressed in women's clothes in Russia at Whitsuntide, i. 77

Births, trees planted at, ii. 229, 230

Bison, resurrection of the, ii. 122, 123

Bithynia, lament by the reapers in, i. 365

Black Lake, i. 15

Blankenfelde, harvest custom in, i. 370

Bleeding trees, i. 61

Blekinge, midsummer ceremonies in, i. 292

Blood, the soul thought to be in the, i. 178, 179;

not eaten, ib.;

royal blood not spilt upon the ground, i. 179-183;

ill effect of seeing, i. 185, 186;

dread of contact with, i. 185-187;

primitive dread of menstruous, ii. 238-241

Blood-drinking, inspiration by, i. 34, 35

Boba, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 340, 341

Boeotians of Plataea, festival of the, i. 100-103

Boeroe, ceremony at the rice harvest in, ii. 71

Bohemian midsummer custom, i. 79; ii. 259;

Mid-Lent custom, i. 82;

Whit Monday custom, i. 91, 244-247;

ceremony of carrying out Death, i. 258-260;

superstition regarding death, i. 260;

ceremony of bringing back summer, i. 263;

harvest custom, i. 340;

white mice spared in Bohemia, ii. 131, 132;

superstition held by poachers in Bohemia, ii. 288

Böhmer Wald Mountains, custom of the reapers in the, ii. 15

[pg 388]

Bolang Mongondo, recapture of the soul in, i. 131;

preservation of cut hair, i. 203;

ceremony at rice harvest in, ii. 71, 72

Bombay, soul superstition in, i. 127

Bones of animals not broken by savages, ii. 124

Boni, king of, and his courtiers, i. 222, 223

Booandik tribe superstition concerning the blood of women, i. 186

Book of the Dead, i. 312

Bormus, the name given to the lament of the Bithynian reapers, i. 365, 398

Borneo, custom in, regarding infested persons, i. 154

Bouphonia, the, ii. 38-41

Brabant, North, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 88

Brahman soul story, i. 128, 129;

sin eaters, ii. 156

Brahmans, temple of the, i. 230;

transference of sins by the, ii. 200

Brandy, North American Indian theory about, ii. 87

Brazilian Indians, self-beating by the, ii. 215, 216;

treatment of girls at the age of puberty by the, ii. 231, 232

Bresse, May customs in, i. 98;

ceremony regarding the last sheaf, i. 408

Brest, fire festival at, ii. 261

Breton peasant and the wind, i. 30

Briançon, May-day in the neighbourhood of, i. 95;

harvest ceremony at, ii. 11

Bride, a name given to the binder of the last sheaf, i. 345

Brie, May-day custom in, i. 84;

harvest custom in, i. 370, 375;

burning of mock giant in, ii. 282

Britanny, reaping custom in, i. 335, 336;

midsummer fires in, ii. 261

British Columbia, fish ceremony by the Indians of, ii. 121

Bruck, harvest custom in, i. 333, 334

Brüd's bed in the Highlands, i. 97

Brunnen, Twelfth Night custom at, ii. 182

Brunswick, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 90

Buddhist animism, i. 59

—— Tartar worship, i. 42, 43

Buffalo, belief in the resurrection of the, ii. 123;

held sacred by the Todas, ii. 136, 137

—— bull, ii. 19

Bulgarian rain-charm, i. 16;

custom at the laying of a foundation stone, i. 144;

harvest custom, i. 341

Bull, Dionysus as a, i. 325, 326; ii. 37-44;

the corn-spirit as a, ii. 19-24;

Osiris and the, ii. 59-61;

sacred, ii. 60;

as a scapegoat, ii. 200, 201

Burghers, first seed sowing and reaping amongst the, ii. 72;

transference of sins by the, ii. 151, 152

Burgundian kings deposed in times of scarcity, i. 47

Burma, mode of executing princes of the blood in, i. 180;

head-washing in, i. 188, 189;

mock burial in time of sickness in, ii. 84;

ceremony of driving away cholera in, ii. 161;

offering of first-fruits in, ii. 374

Burmese and the soul, i. 130

Burnt sacrifices among the Celts, ii. 278-280

Buro Islands, dog's flesh eaten in the, ii. 87;

disease boats, ii. 187

Burying alive, i. 217

Busiris, legend of, i. 400, 401

Butterfly, the Samoans and the, ii. 56

Buzzard, sacrifice of the sacred, ii. 90-92

Byblus, lamentation for the death of Adonis at, i. 280

Calabria, expulsion of witches in, ii. 181

Calcutta, iron-charm used in, i. 176

Calf, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 19-24

Calicut, kings killed at the expiry of twelve years in, i. 224, 225

Californian Indians, their opinion of the dust columns, i. 30

—— sacrifice of the buzzard, ii. 90, 91

Caligula, i. 4

Callander, Beltane fires in, ii. 254, 255

Cambodia, search for inspired man in time of epidemic in, i. 36;

kings of fire and water in, i. 53-56;

its sacred tree, i. 67;

kings of, i. 118;

touching the king's body in, i. 172;

man's head not touched in, i. 189;

ceremony at the cutting of the king's hair in, i. 197;

temporary kings of, i. 228;

the Stiens of Cambodia and the killing of animals, ii. 115;

expulsion of evil spirits, etc. in, ii. 178, 184;

seclusion of girls in, ii. 235

Cambridgeshire, harvest custom in, i. 341, 342

Cameroons, the life of a person supposed to be bound up with that of a tree by the, ii. 329

Canadian Indians, detention of the soul amongst the, i. 139;

beaver hunting by the, ii. 116, 117

Candlemas Day customs, i. 97; ii. 29, 48

[pg 389]

Canelos Indians, their belief of the soul in the portrait, i. 148

Cannibalism, ii. 88, 89

Capital offences, i. 162, 190

Carcassonne, hunting the wren in, ii. 143, 144

Caribs, the, belief in the plurality of souls, ii. 339

Carinthia, ceremonies on St. George's Day in, i. 84, 85;

ceremony at the installation of a prince of, i. 232, 233

Carmona, custom in, ii. 184, 185

Carnival, ceremony of burying the, i. 244, 252-257, 270, 272

Carnival Fool, i. 256

Carpathus islanders, reluctance to have their likenesses drawn, i. 148, 149;

transference of sickness by the, ii. 154

Cashmere stories, the external soul in, ii. 302-304

Cat, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 11, 12;

burnt, ii. 283

Caterpillars, method of freeing a garden from, ii. 130

Cattle, trees and, i. 72 sq.;

driven through the fire, ii. 273

Cedar, the sacred, of Gilgit, i. 69

Celebes, the, and the soul, i. 123-125;

custom regarding infested persons, i. 154;

superstition regarding the knife, i. 177;

blood not spilt on the ground by the, i. 182;

custom at a birth, ii. 329;

harvest festival, ii. 376

Celtic human sacrifices, ii. 278-284;

the external soul in Celtic stories, ii. 313, 314

Ceram, rain-making in, i. 13;

superstition regarding the blood of women in, i. 187;

hair cutting superstition in, i. 194; ii. 328;

disease boats in, ii. 185, 186;

ceremony in epidemic, ii. 187;

seclusion of girls in, ii. 229;

initiation ceremony, ii. 354-356

Chaeronea, human scapegoat in, ii. 210, 211

Chambéry, threshing ceremony at, ii. 23

Chedooba, ceremony on felling a tree in the island of, i. 64

Cheremiss, expulsion of Satan by the, ii. 180, 181

Cherokee Indians, purification festival of the, ii. 166, 167

Chester, procession of mock giant at, ii. 281

Chibchas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Children sacrificed by their parents, i. 235-237

Chile, preservation of cut hair in, i. 204

China, emperors of, offer public sacrifices, i. 8;

rain-charm in, i. 18;

emperor held responsible for drought, etc., i. 49;

abstention from knives after a death in, i. 177;

ceremony to welcome the return of spring in, ii. 42, 43;

special seat of courage amongst the Chinese, ii. 87;

cannibalism in, ii. 89;

human scapegoat in, ii. 191;

festival of the aboriginal tribes of, ii. 193

Chios, rites of Dionysus at, i. 329

Chippeways, seclusion of women amongst the, ii. 239, 240

Chiriguanos, seclusion of girls by the, ii. 231

Chitomé, the, i. 113-115;

not allowed to die a natural death, i. 217, 218

Cholera, driving away, ii. 161, 189, 191

Chontal Indians, the nagual amongst the, ii. 333

Christian, Captain, shooting of, i. 181

Christmas customs, i. 60, 334; ii. 6, 7, 29-31, 141, 142, 144

Chrudim, ceremony of carrying out Death at, i. 259, 260

Chuwash, the, test of a suitable sacrificial victim, i. 36

Circassians, the pear-tree believed to be the protector of cattle by the, i. 73

Circumcision, i. 171

Clucking-hen, ii. 8

Cobern, fire festival at, ii. 250

Cobra Capella, sacrifice of the, ii. 94, 95

Cock, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 7-10

Columbia River, Indians of the, and the salmon, ii. 121, 122

Comanches, rain-charm used by the, i. 18

Compitalia, festival of the, ii. 83

Congo belief in the souls of trees, i. 60;

the Chitomé in the kingdom of, i. 113;

negroes and soul selling, i. 139;

initiatory rites in the valley of the, ii. 345, 346

Coorg rice-harvest ceremonies, ii. 72, 73

Corea, kings of, confined to their palaces, i. 164;

may not be touched, i. 172;

tigers' bones valuable in, ii. 87

Corn drenched as a rain-charm, i. 286;

double personification of the, i. 358, 359;

reaper, binder, or thresher wrapt up in corn, i. 370, 371

—— baby, ii. 23

—— goat, ii. 13, 14

—— mother, i. 232, 233;

a prototype of Demeter, i. 356

[pg 390]

Corn queen, i. 341

—— spirit, the, as the grandmother, etc., i. 336-343;

as youthful, i. 343-346;

death of, i. 363, 364;

binding persons in sheaves as representatives of the, i. 367-372;

pretence of killing the, or its representative, i. 372-380;

represented by a stranger, i. 375-380;

represented by a human victim, i. 390-395;

how the representative is chosen, i. 393;

as an animal, ii. 1-67;

as a cock, ii. 7-10;

as a hare, ii. 11;

as a cat, ii. 11, 12;

as a goat, ii. 12-17;

as a bull, ii. 19-24;

as a calf, ib.;

as a cow, ii. 20, 21;

as a mare, ii. 24, 25;

as a horse, ii. 26;

as a pig, ii. 26-31;

parallelism between the anthropomorphic and theriomorphic conceptions of the, ii. 32;

death of the, ii. 33;

suggested explanation of the embodiment of the, in animal form, ii. 34;

the ox as the embodiment of the, ii. 41-43

—— wolf, ii. 3-7, 30

—— woman, i. 342, 343

Cornwall, May-day custom in, i. 75;

midsummer bonfires in, i. 101; ii. 262;

reaping cries in, i. 407

Corsica, midsummer fires in, ii. 266

Cough, cure for, ii. 154

Court ceremonies, i. 22, 23; ii. 88

Cow, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 20, 21;

sacred, ii. 61;

man in cow's hide, ii. 145, 146;

cow as a scapegoat, ii. 200, 201

Cracow, harvest customs in, i. 340

Crannon, rain-charm at, i. 21

Creek Indians, festival of the first-fruits amongst the, ii. 75-78;

opinions held regarding the properties of various foods amongst the, ii. 85, 86;

seclusion of women by the, ii. 239

Crete, sacrifices in, i. 173;

festival of Dionysus in, i. 324;

worship of Demeter in, i. 331

Croatia, beating in, ii. 216

Crocodiles spared from fear of the vengeance of other crocodiles, ii. 109

Crops, kings and priests punished for the failure of the, i. 46-48;

human sacrifices for the, i. 383, 384;

ceremonies at the eating of the new, ii. 69, 71;

sacramental eating of the new, ii. 68-77

Crying the Neck, i. 405-408

Curka Coles of India, their belief that the tops of trees are inhabited, i. 65

Curse, ceremony of making the curse to fly away, ii. 150, 151

Cyzicus, construction of the council chamber of, i. 174

Dacotas and the resurrection of the dog, ii. 123

Daedala, festival of the, i. 100-103

Dahomey, king of, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162

Damaras, custom of the, after travel, i. 158;

blood of cattle not shed by the, i. 182

Danae, ii. 237

Danger Islanders, soul snare used by the, i. 138, 139

Danzig, burying of cut hair in, i. 202;

reaping custom, i. 333;

harvest ceremony, i. 367, 368

Dards, the, rain-charm, i. 19

Darfur, veiling the sultan of, i. 162;

the sultans and their courtiers, i. 222;

the liver thought to be the seat of the soul in, ii. 88

Darowen, midsummer bonfires at, ii. 262

Dead Sunday, i. 254, 260

Death, preference for a violent, i. 216, 217;

superstition concerning, i. 260;

“carrying out,” i. 257-261, 264-271; ii. 207;

driving out, i. 258, 259, 272, 276;

in the custom of “carrying out” Death is probably a divine scapegoat, ii. 206-208;

ceremonies at the burying of, ii. 250;

effigy of, i. 257 sq.

Debden, May Day custom in, i. 76

Deer, regard for, ii. 117, 118

Deities, reduplication of, i. 360-362

Demeter, the corn mother, i. 331, 332;

festivals of, ii. 44-47;

as a pig, ii. 44-49;

legend of the Phigalian, ii. 49;

representation of the black, ii. 49;

and Proserpine, myth of, i. 330, 331;

probable origin of, i. 355 sq.;

prototypes of, i. 356, 357

Demons, the soul carried off by, i. 132-135

Denderah, tree of Osiris at, i. 308

Denmark Christmas customs, ii. 29, 30;

midsummer bonfires, ii. 289

Devils, ceremony at the expulsion of, ii. 151, 158, 159-162, 170-185, 192, 193, 203;

represented by men and expelled, ii. 183-185

Devonshire reaping cries, i. 405, 406;

rain-charm, i. 408;

cure for cough, ii. 154

Diana, rule of the priesthood of, i. 2, 3, 6;

ceremonies at the festival of, i. 5;

Arician Grove said to be first consecrated to her by Manius Egerius, i. 5;

a tree goddess, i. 105

Diana's mirror, i. 1

[pg 391]

Dieyerie of South Australia, rain-making by the, i. 20;

tree superstition amongst the, i. 62

Dingelstedt, harvest custom at, i. 371

Dionysus, marriage of, i. 104;

titles of, i. 320, 321;

myth of, i. 322-325;

rites of, i. 324, 329; ii. 43-46, 90;

rites of, similar to those of Osiris, i. 319, 320;

as an animal, i. 325-327, ii. 34-38;

association of, with Demeter and Proserpine, ii. 37

Diseases sent away in boats, ii. 185-189, 192 sq.

Divine beasts, i. 48

—— king, dependence of nature upon the, i. 109

—— kings, i. 49;

care taken of, i. 115;

cease to govern, i. 118, 119

—— kings and priests, burdensome observances placed upon, i. 110-118;

effects of these burdens, i. 118-120

—— Man as scapegoat, ii. 201, 205

—— persons, seclusion of, ii. 242, 243

—— spirit, transmigration of, i. 42-44

Divining rods made from the mistletoe, ii. 367

Dog, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 3-7;

the flesh of the, eaten, ii. 87;

resurrection of the, ii. 123;

used as a scapegoat, ii. 194, 195

Domalde, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47

Douai, annual procession at, ii. 280

Dreams, festival of, ii. 165, 166

Druids, oak-worship of the, i. 58

Dublin, May Day custom in, i. 101

Duk-duk, the, ii. 352 sq.

Duke of York Island, fishing ceremony by the natives of, ii. 120

Dulyn, i. 15

Dunkirk, annual procession at, ii. 280, 281

Dust columns, i. 30

Dutch criminals, cutting the hair of, to enforce confession, ii. 328

Dyaks, belief in the souls of trees amongst the, i. 59, 60;

abduction of the soul, i. 132, 133;

restoration of the soul, i. 138;

harvest custom, i. 68, 69, 353, 354;

the Dyaks and bad omens, ii. 151;

custom in epidemic, ii. 84;

may not eat venison, ii. 86, 87;

spare the crocodile, ii. 109;

Dyaks and the palm-tree, ii. 329;

festival of first-fruits, ii. 376

East Indian Islands, supposed cure for epilepsy in the, ii. 148, 149

Easter customs, i. 272, 276, 334; ii. 29, 181, 216, 217

—— fires, ii. 251, 252

—— Islanders, blood of an animal not shed by the, i. 182, 183;

offerings of first fruits, ii. 381

Eating animals to get their qualities, ii. 85-89

—— the god, ii. 67-90

—— and drinking, precautions taken at, i. 160-162

Edersleben, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 262

Efugaos, cannibalism by the, ii. 88

Egeria, i. 5

Egypt, beasts responsible for the course of nature in Upper, i. 48;

Egyptian kings deified, i. 49, 50;

Egyptian kings blamed for failure of crops, i. 50;

ancient Egyptian kings did not drink wine, i. 184, 185;

temporary-rulers in Upper Egypt, i. 231;

custom of burning red-haired men by the ancient Egyptians, i. 307;

religion of ancient Egypt, i. 313;

Egyptians and the pig, ii. 52, 53, 56, 57;

the bulls Apis and Mnevis worshipped, ii. 60;

sacred cattle in Egypt, ii. 60, 61;

sacrifice of the ram in, ii. 92, 93;

Egyptian type of sacrament, ii. 134-136;

Egyptian scapegoat, ii. 200;

the external soul in Egyptian story, ii. 315-318

Eifel mountains, fire festival in the, ii. 247, 248;

harvest omens in the, ii. 271

Eisenach, ceremony of bringing back summer in, i. 263;

ceremony of carrying out death in, ib.

Elan, regard for the, ii. 117, 118

Elephant, ceremony at the killing of an, ii. 113-115

Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. 37

Elk, regard for the, ii. 117, 118

Ellwangen, harvest ceremony in, ii. 17

Emin Pasha's reception in a Central African village, i. 155

Emu wren, ii. 336, 337

Encounter Bay tribe, their dread of women's blood, i. 186

English tradition concerning the killing of the wren, ii. 140, 141

Entlebuch, human scapegoat in, ii. 199

Entraigues, hunting the wren in, ii. 144

Epidemic, ceremony in time of, i. 36; ii. 84, 187-189

Epilepsy, supposed cure for, ii. 148, 149

Erfurt, harvest custom in, i. 336

Ertingen, midsummer custom in, i. 89

Erzgebirge, Shrovetide custom in the, i. 244

Eskimos, charm for lulling the wind, i. 28;

Eskimos and the soul, i. 122;

reception of strangers, i. 155;

Eskimo women, i. 170

[pg 392]

Essex, hunting the wren in, ii. 143

Esthonian superstition regarding the welfare of cattle, i. 72 sq.;

blood not tasted by the Esthonians, i. 178, 179;

belief concerning women's blood, i. 187;

preservation of the parings of nails by the Esthonians, i. 204;

carrying out the effigy of Death, i. 270;

ceremony at the eating of the new corn, ii. 69, 70;

dread of the weevil by the Esthonian peasants, ii. 129, 130

Ethiopian kings and their courtiers, i. 222

Etruscan wizards, i. 22

European rain-charm, i. 18;

forests, i. 57;

fire festivals, ii. 246-285

Evils, expulsion of, ii. 145 sq.;

occasional, ii. 158-162;

periodic, ii. 162-182;

two kinds of expulsion of evils, the direct or immediate, and the indirect or mediate, ii. 158;

general observations on, ii. 202-206;

transference of, ii. 145 sq.

Fauns, representation of the, ii. 35;

the Fauns wood and corn-spirits, ii. 35, 36

Feilenhof, the wolf a corn-spirit in, ii. 3

Feloupes of Senegambia, charm for rain-making, i. 18

Fern seed, midsummer, ii. 365, 366

Fernando Po, restrictions on the food of the king of, i. 208

Fever, cure for, ii. 152, 153

Fida, no one to drink out of the king's glass in, i. 166

Field of Mars, chariot race on the, ii. 64-66

Fiji, charm used for staying the sun in, i. 24;

gods of, i. 39;

soul extraction in, i. 138;

belief in two souls in, i. 145;

eating in the presence of suspected persons avoided in, i. 160;

self-immolation at old age in, i. 216;

expulsion of devils in, ii. 175, 176;

initiatory rites in, ii. 344, 345;

offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 377, 378

Finland, wind selling in, i. 27;

cattle protected by the wood god in, i. 105, 106;

ceremony at the killing of a bear in, ii. 112

Fire festivals, human sacrifices offered at, i. 251

—— festivals in Europe, ii. 246-285;

they were charms to make the sun shine, ii. 267, 274

—— kings, i. 53-56

—— sacred, made by the friction of wood, ii. 269;

made with oak wood, ii. 292, 293

Fire spirit, expulsion of the, ii. 178

Firstborn sacrificed, i. 236, 237

First-fruits, festival of the, ii. 75-78;

offerings of, ii. 373-384

Fish, respect shown by savages to, ii. 118-122;

fish preachers, ii. 119, 120

Fladda's chapel and wind-making, i. 26, 27

Flamen Dialis, rules of life, i. 117;

not allowed to walk under a trellised vine, i. 183, 184;

cuttings from the hair and nails buried, i. 200;

restriction on the food of the, i. 207

—— Virbialis, i. 6

Flaminica, rules of life for the, i. 117, 118

Flanders, midsummer bonfires in, ii. 267;

Flemish cure for ague, ii. 153

Flax-pullers, custom of the, i. 375

Florence, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261

Florida, sacrifice of the firstborn by the Indians of, i. 236, 237

Folk tales, resurrection in, ii. 125

Food, unconsumed, buried, i. 166;

prohibited food, i. 207, 208;

strong food, ii. 85

Forests, Europe covered with, in prehistoric times, i. 56

Fors, the, of Central Africa, preservation of nail parings by the, i. 204, 205

Forsaken sleeper, i. 96

Foulahs of Senegambia spare the crocodile, ii. 110

France, harvest customs in the northeast of, ii. 4

Franche Comté, harvest customs in, ii. 17

Frankish kings not allowed to cut their hair, i. 193

Friedingen, harvest custom in, ii. 27

Friesland, harvest customs in East, ii. 8

Frog-flayer, i. 92

Funeral custom, i. 129, 130

Fürstenwalde, harvest ceremonies in, ii. 7

Gablingen, harvest customs in, ii. 13

Galela, ceremony at the initiation of boys amongst the, ii. 353

Galicia, harvest customs in, ii. 8

Gall-bladder the special seat of courage amongst the Chinese, ii. 87

Gareloch, Dumbartonshire, harvest customs on some farms on the, i. 345

Garos, rain-charm used by the, i. 18

Georgia, rain-charm in, i. 17

Germany—German peasants and a whirlwind, i. 30;

sacred groves common amongst the ancient Germans, i. 58;

ceremony on felling a tree, i. 64;

rain-charm, i. 93;

custom [pg 393] after a death, i. 147;

superstition regarding the knife, i. 177;

superstition concerning hair cutting, i. 196, 199;

harvest custom, i. 337, 345, 374, 375; ii. 9;

harvest cries, i. 408, 409;

way to free a garden from caterpillars, ii. 130;

beating as a charm, ii. 216, 217;

oak the sacred tree, ii. 291;

oak log burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. 294;

the external soul in German stories, ii. 310-312

Gervasius, rain spring mentioned by, i. 19

Ghosts, the soul carried off by, i. 129-132;

annual expulsion of the ghosts of the dead, ii. 163

Giant, sham, procession and burning of the, ii. 280-282

Gilgit, ceremony on felling a tree in, i. 65;

sacred cedar of, i. 69 sq.;

harvest custom at, ii. 73, 74

Gilyak sacrifice of the bear, ii. 105-107

Girls secluded at puberty, ii. 225-247;

reason for, ii. 238-242;

not allowed to touch the ground or see the sun, ii. 225-253;

traces in folk tales of the rule which forbids girls at puberty to see the sun, ii. 235-237

Goat, the, sacred, ii. 56, 63;

Dionysus as a, i. 326-328; ii. 34-37;

the corn-spirit as a, ii. 12-19

God, killing the, i. 213; ii. 218-222;

killing a god in animal form, i. 327, 328;

motives for killing the god, i. 214-216

God's Mouth, the name of the supreme ruler of the old Prussians, i. 223

Gods die and are buried, i. 213, 214

—— incarnate, slain, ii. 218-222

Gold Coast, sacrifices of the negroes of the, i. 67;

their superstition with regard to iron, i. 173

Golden Bough, Turner's picture of the, i. 1;

legend of the, i. 4;

the representative of the tree-spirit, i. 107;

between heaven and earth, ii. 223-243;

what was it, ii. 224;

the Golden Bough is the mistletoe, ii. 363, 368;

why was the mistletoe called the Golden Bough, ii. 365;

the Golden Bough an emanation of the sun's fire, ii. 367

Goldi sacrifice of the bear, ii. 107, 108

Gommern, harvest festival at, i. 370

Gonds, human sacrifices by the, i. 252, 384;

mock-human sacrifices, i. 252;

scapegoats amongst the, ii. 200

Good Friday custom, ii. 216

Gout transferred from a man to a tree, ii. 153

Grand Lama, death and reappearance of the, i. 42, 43;

and the shadow of Sankara, i. 142

Grandmother, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 336

Granny, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 336

Grass king, i. 91-93, 247

Grätz, midsummer custom in, ii. 267

Greece, rain-making in, i. 16;

tree worship in, i. 58, 59, 99;

festivals of the Greeks, i. 99, 100, 103;

ceremony at the laying of a foundation stone in, i. 144;

sacrificial ritual in, ii. 54, 55;

human scapegoats in, ii. 210-217;

midsummer fires in, ii. 266;

the external soul in Greek stories, ii. 305-307

Green George, i. 84-86

Grenoble, May Day in, i. 94;

harvest custom in, ii. 15, 47

Grihya-Sûtras, provision in the, for the burning of cut hair, i. 202

Grossvargula, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 91

Ground, sacred persons not allowed to touch the, ii. 224, 243 note;

girls at puberty not allowed to touch the, ii. 225-253;

sacred things may not touch the, ii. 243 note

Grüneberg, harvest ceremony in, ii. 11

Guanches, rain-charm in, i. 19

Guatemala, the nagual amongst the, ii. 333, 334

Guaycurus and storms, i. 28

Guinea, secreting of cut hair and nails in, i. 203;

annual expulsion of the devil by the negroes of, ii. 170;

time of licence in, ii. 204

Guyenne, harvest ceremony in, ii. 6

Hack-thorn, sacred, i. 69

Hadeln, reaping custom in the district of, i. 333

Haida Indian wind-charm, i. 26

Hair, burning of loose, i. 205;

burning after child-birth, i. 206;

cut hair deposited in a safe place, i. 200-205;

cutting, i. 193 sq.;

most sacred day of the year appointed for hair cutting, i. 197;

superstition concerning the cutting of the, i. 196, 198, 199;

cut only during a storm, i. 199;

haircutting as a disinfectant, i. 206, 207;

magic use of cut hair, i. 198, 199;

strength supposed to be in the, ii. 328;

hair not cut, i. 193-195;

superstition about cutting the hair and nails, i. 193-207

Halberstadt, human scapegoats in, ii. 199

Halibut, festival in honour of the, ii. 121

[pg 394]

Halmahera, rain-making in, i. 13, 21

Hampstead, forest of, i. 57

Hare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 10 sq.

Harran, ritual observed by the heathen Syrians of, i. 283

Harvest child, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 344

—— cock, a name given to the last sheaf, ii. 7, 8

—— cries, i. 404-409

—— customs, i. 333-347, 352, 353, 367-381, 408; ii. 4-27, 32, 47, 48, 68-73, 213

—— festival, i. 169; ii. 171, 172, 374-376, 382-384

—— goat, ii. 13

—— maiden, a prototype of Proserpine, i. 356

—— May, i. 68, 69, 81, 82; ii. 4

—— omens, ii. 271

—— queen, i. 344

—— songs and cries, ii. 364-366, 404-409

Harz Mountains, Easter fires in the, ii. 253

Hawaii, detention of the soul in, i. 139;

capital offences in, i. 190

Hay family, the, and the mistletoe, ii. 362

Head, sanctity of the, i. 187-193;

ceremony at the washing of the, i. 188

Headache, transference of, ii. 149

Headington, May-day custom at, i. 94, 95

Heaven, the Golden Bough between heaven and earth, ii. 223-243

Hebrides, representation of spring in the, i. 97

Heligoland, disappearance of the herring from, ii. 120

Herbrechtingen, threshing custom in, ii. 22

Hercynian forest, i. 56, 57

Hereford, sin eaters in, ii. 154, 155

Herefordshire, midsummer fires in, ii. 262

Hermsdorf, harvest custom in, i. 338

Herodotus, story by, of the wind fighters of Psylli, i. 29

Herring, disappearance of the, from Heligoland, ii. 120

Hertfordshire harvest custom, ii. 24

Hessen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. 29;

sowing-time customs in, ii. 48

Hidatsa Indians, belief in the plurality of souls amongst the, ii. 339

Hierapolis, pigs sacred at, ii. 50

Himalayas, scapegoats in the Western, ii. 194

Hindoo cure for the murrain, ii. 191;

festival of Ingathering, ii. 272;

girls and puberty, ii. 234, 235;

the external soul in Hindoo stories, ii. 298-302

Hindoos, the, test of a suitable sacrificial victim, i. 36;

Hindoos and yawning, i. 123;

custom of nail cutting by the, i. 196;

festival at the eating of the new rice by the, ii. 73

Hindoo Koosh, smoke from the sacred tree inhaled by the sybil, i. 35;

blood sucking the test of a diviner amongst the, ib.;

expulsion of devils amongst the, ii. 173

Hippolytus, i. 6

Holland, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 88;

Easter fires, ii. 253

Holstein, reaping custom in, i. 333;

healing effects of the mistletoe in, ii. 289

Hornkampe, harvest custom in, i. 337

Horse, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 24-26;

sacrifice of the, ii. 64

Horses excluded from the Arician grove, i. 6

—— and Virbius, ii. 62-64

Hos, harvest festival amongst the, ii. 171, 172;

time of licence with the, ii. 204;

offering of first-fruits by the, ii. 374

Hottentot priests do not use iron, i. 173;

wind-charm, i. 27, 28;

sheep driven through the fire by the, ii. 273

Hovas of Madagascar, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. 374

How, coffer of Osiris at, i. 309

Huahine, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 381

Huitzilopochtli, dough image of the Mexican god, made and eaten, ii. 81

Human sacrifices, i. 235-237, 251, 252, 381;

replaced by mock sacrifices, i. 250-253

—— victim represents the corn-spirit, i. 390-395

Hungary, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 93;

the external soul in Hungarian stories, ii. 320, 321

Hunger, expulsion of, ii. 210, 211

Hunting the wren, ii. 140-144

Hurons, the, and fish bones, ii. 119;

their idea of the soul, i. 122;

driving away sickness amongst the, ii. 162

Huskanaw, the name of an initiatory ceremony amongst the Indians of Virginia, ii. 348

Hylæ, sacred men inspired by the image of Apollo at, i. 37

Ibo, king of, confined to his premises, i. 164

[pg 395]

Iddah, king of, asserts that he is god, i. 41, 42

Ihlozi, the, of the Zulus, ii. 332

Incarnate gods, i. 30-54

Incarnation, temporary and permanent, i. 32, 37-42

Incas of Peru revered as gods, i. 49;

preservation of cut hair and parings of the nails of the, i. 203;

restrictions upon the prince who is to become Inca of Peru, ii. 225;

ceremony for the expulsion of diseases, etc. by the, ii. 167-169

Indersdorf, harvest custom in, ii. 17, 18

India, devil dancer drinks sacrificial blood in Southern, i. 34;

human gods in, i. 41, 42;

marriage of shrubs and trees in, i. 60;

sin eating in, ii. 155, 156;

iron used as a charm in, i. 175, 176;

harvest custom in the Central Provinces of, i. 371, 372;

custom during cholera in Central Provinces of, ii. 189;

offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 374, 375

Indians of Alaska, preservation of cut hair by the, i. 201, 202

—— of Arizona offer human sacrifices, i. 251

—— of Guayaquil sacrifice human beings at seed time, i. 381

—— of Guiana, treatment of girls at puberty by the, ii. 232-234

—— of Peru and their fish gods, ii. 118, 119

—— of Virginia, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. 348, 349

Influenza, ii. 190

Initiatory rites, simulation of death and resurrection at, ii. 342-358

Innuit of Alaska, custom after a death amongst the, i. 177

Inspiration, i. 33;

by blood drinking, i. 34, 35;

by use of sacred tree, i. 35; 36

Inspired men, i. 36, 37

—— victims, i. 36

Irayas of Luzon, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. 377

Ireland, May Day in the south-east of, i. 94;

hunting the wren at Christmas in, ii. 142, 143;

midsummer fires in, ii. 263, 264

Iron, superstitious aversion to, i. 172-174;

as a charm, i. 175

Iron-Beard, Dr., i. 249, 257

Iroquois, ceremony at the festival of dreams by the, ii. 165, 166;

scapegoat used by the, ii. 194, 195;

time of licence amongst the, ii. 204

Isis, acorn goddess, i. 310, 311;

named the moon by the aboriginal inhabitants of Egypt, i. 311;

as a cow, ii. 61

Isle of Man, wind selling in the, i. 27;

hunting the wren at Christmas in the, ii. 142;

midsummer bonfires, ii. 263

Issapoo, the cobra capella the guardian deity of the negroes of, ii. 94, 95

Istar, legend concerning the goddess, i. 287

Italones, cannibalism by the, ii. 88

Italy, tree worship in ancient, i. 58, 59;

custom of “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261, 262;

gardens of Adonis in, i. 294;

midsummer fires in, ii. 266;

oak the sacred tree in, ii. 291;

the external soul in Italian stories, ii. 307, 308

Itonamas, the, and the soul, i. 123

Itzgrund, harvest custom in, i. 338

Ivy girl, i. 344

Jack-in-the-green, i. 88, 89, 247

Jambi, temporary kings in, i. 231, 232

Japanese, expulsion of evil spirits by the, ii. 176

Jarkino, belief in animate trees in, i. 61

Javanese and rice bloom, i. 60, 61;

ceremony at rice harvest, i. 355;

Javanese and the soul, i. 124, 125

Jerome of Prague, i. 24

Jeypur, scapegoat used in cases of smallpox in, ii. 190, 191

Jubilee, i. 225

Jupiter represented by an oak on the Capitol at Rome, ii. 291

Kaffa, worship of human god in, i. 42

Kafir boys at circumcision, i. 171;

New Year festival, ii. 74;

elephant hunters, ii. 113, 114;

burying of cut hair and nails by the Kafirs, i. 202, 203

Kakian Association, ii. 354-357

Kakongo, king of, not allowed to touch certain European goods, i. 160;

not seen eating, i. 162

Kalamba, ceremonies on a visit to, by subject chiefs, i. 159

Kalmucks, consecration of the white ram by the, ii. 136

Kamant tribe do not allow a natural death, i. 217

Kamtchatkans excuse themselves before killing land or sea animals, ii. 110, 111;

respect the seal and sea lion, ii. 111

Kânagrâ, spring custom in, i. 276, 277

Kángrá, custom at, on the death of a Rajah, i. 232;

sin eaters in, ii. 156

[pg 396]

Karens, funeral custom by the, i. 129, 130;

transference of the soul in Karen, i. 140;

dread of women's blood by the, i. 186;

belief concerning the head, i. 187;

custom at rice sowing, i. 354, 355

Karma tree, i. 289

Karoks of California and salmon catching, ii. 121

Kasyas, expulsion of devils by the, ii. 184

Katodis, ceremony before felling a tree by the, i. 63

Kent, the ivy girl in, i. 344

Keramin tribe of New South Wales, rain-making by the, i. 15

Key Islanders, soul superstition amongst the, i. 130, 131;

expulsion of sickness by the, ii. 160

Khonds, human sacrifices by the, i. 384-390;

rain-charm, ii. 42;

expulsion of devils by the, ii. 173, 174

Kibanga, kings killed in, i. 218

Kilema, ceremony in, before a stranger is allowed to see the king, i. 159

Kilimanjaro Mount, believed to be tenanted by demons, i. 151

Kimbunda, cannibalism amongst the, ii. 88, 89

King Hop, the title of a temporary king, i. 230

—— of the calf, ii. 21

—— of the May, i. 247

—— of the sacred rites, i. 7

—— of the Wood, i. 1-108;

why so called, i. 7;

never a temporal sovereign, i. 51;

an incarnation of the tree spirit, i. 106-108;

probability that he was formerly slain annually, i. 240, 241;

similarity to North European personages, i. 249, 250;

a personification of the oak, ii. 364;

probably burned in a fire of oak wood, ii. 363-365

Kings—as gods, i. 8;

supposed to control the weather, i. 44-46;

punished for the failure of crops, i. 46-48;

killed, i. 48;

divine, i. 49;

of nature, i. 52;

of fire, i. 53-56;

of rain, i, 52, 53;

of water, i. 53-56;

divine, cease to govern, i. 118, 119;

abdicate, i. 120;

guarded against strangers, i. 158, 159;

veiled, i. 162, 163;

at meals, i. 162;

confined to their palaces, i. 164, 165;

killed when they show signs of decay, i. 217-223;

killed at expiry of fixed term, i. 223;

mitigation of the above rule, kings allowed to defend themselves, i. 224;

killed annually, i. 225-227;

temporary, i. 228-234;

temporary kings sometimes hereditary, i. 228, 232;

sons sacrificed in times of great danger, i. 235

Kingsmill Islands, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 378

Kirn, the name of a harvest supper, i. 345

Klausenburg, harvest custom at, ii. 9

Kloxin, harvest ceremony in, i. 369

Knives, reluctance to use, after a death, i. 176, 177

Kobi, offering of first-fruits by the, ii. 376

Kochs of Assam, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. 374

Kohlerwinkel, harvest ceremony at, ii. 27

Kolosh Indians, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 230

Koniags, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 230

Königshain, driving out Death in, i. 276

Konkan, scapegoat used in Southern, in cases of cholera, ii. 191

Konz, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 260, 261

Kostroma, funeral of, i. 273

Kostrubonko, i. 272

Kukulu, the priest king, i. 112, 113

Kumis, driving away small-pox by the, ii. 161

Kupalo, funeral of, i. 272;

representation of, i. 292

Kupole's festival, i. 294

Lachlin family and the deer, ii. 363

La Ciotat, hunting the wren in, ii. 144

Lada, funeral of, i. 273

Lagos, human sacrifices at, i. 383

Lakor, expulsion of diseases to sea in, ii. 192

Lamas, Grand, i. 42, 43;

the chief of the, i. 43, 44

Lamb killed sacramentally by the Madi tribe of Central Africa, ii. 137, 138

Lamps, festival of, ii. 176

Laos, precautions against strangers in, i. 152;

belief in plurality of souls amongst the, ii. 339

Laosia, women worshippers in, i. 42

La Palisse, harvest custom in, ii. 68

Lapis manalis, i. 22

Lappland, wind selling in, i. 27;

ceremony at the sacrifice of an animal in, ii. 123;

seclusion of women in, ii. 240

Larch-tree, sacred, i. 61, 62

Lazy man, the, i. 89

Lechrain, midsummer fires in, ii. 258, 259

[pg 397]

Leipzig, carrying out the effigy of Death in, i. 268

Lent customs, ii. 247-249

Leopard, ceremony at the killing of a, ii. 114

Leper, custom at the cleansing of a, ii. 151

Lerwick wind-sellers, i. 27

Leti, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. 92

Leucadian scapegoat, ii. 213

Lewis, wind selling in the island of, i. 27

Lhoosai, harvest festival of the, i. 69

Libchowic, Mid-Lent custom in the neighbourhood of, i. 93

Licence, periods of, ii. 204

Life of a person bound up with that of a plant, ii. 328-330

Life plants, ii. 329, 330

Lille, harvest ceremonies at, ii. 25, 26

Linus, the name given to the Phoenician lament at vintage time, i. 365

—— song, i. 398, 399

—— identified with Adonis, i. 399

Lion, ceremony at the killing of a, ii. 114;

Arabic belief in the properties of lion's fat, ii. 86

Lithuania, sun worshippers in, i. 24, 25;

tree worshippers in, i. 58;

superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves in, i. 66, 67;

May customs in, i. 83, 84;

custom after a funeral in, i. 177;

harvest custom in, i. 340, 341;

ceremony at threshing time in, i. 372, 373;

ceremonies by the peasants at the eating of the new corn in, ii. 69, 70

Little leaf man, i. 88

Lityerses compared with harvest customs, i. 366, 367;

story of, i. 392-395;

relation of, to Attis, i. 396, 397

—— the name given to a song by the Phrygian reapers, i. 365, 366

Liver, the, thought to be the seat of the soul, ii. 88

Livonia, sacred grove in, i. 65

Llandebie, sin eating in, ii. 155

Loango, king of, deposed when the harvest fails, i. 47;

supernaturally endowed kings of, i. 116;

a capital offence to see the king eat, i. 161;

the king confined to his palace after coronation, i. 164;

food left by the king buried, i. 166;

food restrictions in, i. 207, 208;

girls secluded at puberty in, ii. 226

London, midsummer pageants in, ii. 281

Longnor, harvest custom at, ii. 25

Lost children, superstition concerning, i. 63

Loucheux Indians, abstinence from the sinew of the thigh by the, ii. 127, 128

Luchon, midsummer fire ceremony at, ii. 282

Lumley, Sir J., excavation of the site of the Diana Nemorensis by, i. 2 note

Lüneberg, harvest custom in, i. 377

Lusatia, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259, 264

M'Bengas, life of a child supposed to be bound up with that of a tree by the, ii. 328, 329

Macusis of British Guiana, treatment of girls at the age of puberty by the, ii. 232 sq.

Madagascar, power ascribed to the souls of the dead in, i. 132;

blood of nobles may not be shed in, i. 181;

crocodile not killed in, ii. 109, 110

Madenassana bushmen, the goat sacred to the, ii. 56

Madi tribe, burying of the parings of the nails by the, i. 202;

lamb killed sacramentally by the, ii. 137, 138

Magic, sympathetic, i. 9-12

—— use of cut hair, i. 198-200

Maiden, a name given to the last handful of corn, i. 344, 345

Maize, mother of the, i. 350-352

Makololo, burning or burying of cut hair by the, i. 205

Malabar, reverence for the cow in, ii. 200

Malagasy, vehicle used by the, for the transference of ills, ii. 149, 150

Malay poem, the external soul in a, ii. 325, 326

Malays and the soul, i. 124; ii. 331;

do not touch a man's head, i. 189

Maldives, cuttings from the hair and nails buried by the natives of the, i. 200

Mamilian tower, ii. 67

Mamurius Veturius or the old Mars, ii. 208-210

Man in cow-skin, ii. 145, 146

—— gods in the South Sea Islands, i. 38, 39

Mandan Indians, and their portraits, i. 148;

expulsion of devils by the, ii. 183, 184

Maneros, the name given to the lament of the Egyptian reapers at the cutting of the first sheaf, i. 364

Mangaia, priests called gods in, i. 33;

spiritual and temporal government [pg 398] in, i. 120;

story of a warrior's shadow, i. 142, 143

Man-god, two types of, i. 12

Mania, i. 6

“Manii, there are many at Aricia,” explanation of the proverb, ii. 82, 83

Manius Egerius, traditional founder of the Arician Grove, etc., i. 5; ii. 84

Maori ceremonies on entering strange territory, i. 156;

the Maoris and dead bodies, i. 169;

fear of the blood of women, i. 186;

sacredness of the head amongst the, i. 191, 192;

ceremony at hair cutting, i. 196, 197;

fishing custom, ii. 120;

offerings of first-fruits, ii. 381, 382

Mare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 24-26

Marimos, human sacrifices by the, i. 383, 384

Marktl, harvest ceremonies in the neighbourhood of, ii. 16, 17

Marquesas Islands, men deified in their life-time in the, i. 37, 38;

the Marquesans and the soul, i. 123;

shaving of the head in the, i. 195

Mars, chariot race on the field of, ii. 64-66

—— the old, ii. 208-210

Marseilles, human scapegoat in, ii. 212

Masuren, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 265, 266

May bride, i. 98

—— Day carols, i. 75, 76

—— Day customs, i. 72-86, 88, 89, 94, 95, 98-101; ii. 181, 182, 254, 255, 257, 258

—— king, i. 90, 91

—— poles, i. 78 sq., 230, 308; ii. 66

—— queen, i. 93, 94

—— sleeping bridegroom of, i. 95

—— trees, i. 74-82, 90, 91, 243, 247, 268, 269; ii. 8, 251

Mayenne, May Day custom in, i. 76

Mecklenburg, reaping custom in, i. 376

Meiningen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. 29;

sowing time custom, ii. 48

Melanesia, sunshine making in, i. 24;

bringing back the soul in, i. 136;

Melanesian stones and a man's shadow, i. 142

Meleager, ii. 305

Men eaten to obtain their qualities, ii. 88, 89

Menstruation, seclusion of women at periods of, ii. 238-242

Menstruous blood, primitive dread of, ii. 238, 241

Mentawej Islands, precautions against strangers in the, i. 152

Meroe, Ethiopian kings of, killed, i. 218

Metz, midsummer fires in, ii. 283

Mexican sacraments, paste images of the god eaten, ii. 79-82;

festivals, ii. 80-84

Mexico, oath of kings at accession in, i. 49;

sacrifice of new-born babes in, i. 307;

human sacrifice at harvest festival in, i. 381;

incarnate gods slain in, ii. 218-222

Miaotse, ceremony of driving away the devil by the, ii. 151

Mice, charm for ridding lands from, ii. 131

Mid-Lent customs, i. 82, 93, 254, 261-263, 268, 269

Midsummer customs, i. 78 sq., 89, 101, 272, 290-294; ii. 366, 367

—— European fire festivals at, ii. 258-267, 282, 283;

burning of effigies in the midsummer fires, ii. 266, 267

—— Eve superstitions, ii. 286, 287;

magic plants gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. 286-288

—— omens, i. 294

Mikado, description of the life of the, i. 110-112;

cooking of his food, i. 166, 167;

effects of wearing his clothes without leave, i. 167;

cutting his hair and nails, i. 197;

not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 224, 225

Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, ceremony on his entering a village on the Maclay coast, i. 156

Milkmen worshipped by the Todas, i. 41

Minahassa, rain-charm used by the, i. 17;

blood drinking at festivals by the, i. 35;

custom in time of sickness, ii. 84;

driving away devils by the, ii. 158, 159

Mingrelia, rain-getting in, i. 15

Minnetaree Indians and the resurrection of the bison, ii. 122, 123

Miris, tree superstition of the, i. 63;

tiger's flesh eaten by the, ii. 86

Mirrors, covering up of, i. 147

Mistletoe, the, worshipped by the Celts and gathered by the Druids, ii. 285, 286, 288, 289, 295;

gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. 286 sq.;

qualities of, ii. 289;

viewed as the seat of life, ii. 295;

life of the oak in the, ii. 360, 361;

not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 361;

a protection against witchcraft, ii. 362;

the Golden Bough the, ii. 363, 368;

reason it was called the Golden Bough, ii. 365;

why called golden, ii. 366, 367;

divining rods made from, in [pg 399] Sweden, ii. 367;

gathered at midsummer and Christmas, ii. 367

Mithraic mysteries, ii. 358

Mnevis, the bull, ii. 60, 61

Moa, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. 192

Mock executions, i. 261

—— human sacrifices, i. 250-253

Mole, Le, i. 5

Moluccas, festivals in the, i. 40;

treatment of clove-trees in blossom in the, i. 60;

soul abduction in the, i. 133, 134;

ceremony in the, after a journey, i. 158

Mondard, the great, ii. 40

Mongolians, stuffing the skin of a sacrificed animal by the, ii. 124

Mongols, the, and the soul, i. 128

Monomotapa, precautions taken for the king of, i. 159

Montalto, Mid Lent custom in, i. 262

Mooris, custom at births by the, ii. 329

Moosheim, fire festival at, ii. 278

Moqui Indians, belief in the transmigration of human souls into turtles held by the, ii. 98, 99;

totem clans of the, ii. 99

Moresby, Captain, at Shepherd's Isle, i. 152, 153

Morocco, iron a protection against demons in, i. 175;

ants eaten in, ii. 87;

diverting evil spirits in, ii. 151

Mother-cotton, the, i. 353

—— of the maize, i. 350-352

Motumotu theory of storms, i. 27

——, the soul believed to be in the reflection by the, i. 145

Mowat, the chief of, supposed to have power of affecting crops, etc., i. 46;

boys beaten to make them grow in, ii. 216

Mozcas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Muato Jamwo, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162

Mundaris, sacred groves of the, i. 63;

superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves, i. 67;

harvest festival, ii. 172

Mundas, ceremony at the planting of the rice by the, i. 288, 289

Munster, rain fountain in, i. 19

Münsterland, Easter fires in, ii. 252, 253

Murrain, cure for the, ii. 191

Murrams of Manipur, restrictions of food among the, i. 208

Muyscas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Nagual, the, of the Indians of Guatemala, ii. 333, 334

Nails, cutting the, i. 195, 196;

burying the first cuttings of a child's, i. 201;

cuttings of, preserved, i. 202-205

Namaquas, foods eaten and rejected by the, ii. 86

Nanumea, precautions against strangers in the island of, i. 151

Narrinyeri and their totems, i. 165, 166

Nass River, Indians of the, and the recall of the soul, i. 140, 141

Natchez, harvest festival by the, ii. 382-384

Nature, kings of, i. 52;

dependence of, upon the divine king, i. 109

Nauders, sacred larch-tree at, i. 61, 62

Naudowessies, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. 350

Navarre, rain-making in, i. 15

Ndembo, the, ii. 345

Need fires, ii. 269, 293

Negro idea of the soul, i. 125

Nemi, lake of, i. 1;

tree within the sanctuary, i. 4;

priest of, i. 249, 253, ii. 223;

unchanged, ii. 370, 371

Nerechta, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 96

Neuautz, custom at barley sowing in, ii. 28

Neuhausen, harvest custom in, i. 370

Neusaass, harvest custom in, i. 337

New Britain, rain-making in, i. 13, 14;

wind-charm, i. 26;

driving away evil in, ii. 158;

expulsion of devils in, ii. 203;

initiation ceremony in, ii. 352, 353

New Caledonia, rain-making in, i. 16;

charm for making sunshine in, i. 22-24

New fruits etc. eaten sacramentally, ii. 68-79

New Guinea, seclusion of girls in, ii. 228, 229

New Ireland, seclusion of girls in, ii. 226-228

New South Wales, ceremony of initiation in, i. 163;

first-born eaten in, i. 236

New Year's Day customs, ii. 170, 171, 179, 193, 194, 272, 273

New Zealand, sacredness of blood in, i. 183;

superstition concerning the head, i. 192;

hair cutting in, i. 197, 199;

clippings from the hair buried in, i. 200;

effects of sacred contagion in, ii. 55;

gods, ii. 89

Nias, the people of, and the soul, i. 122, 138;

precautions against strangers in, i. 154;

succession in, i. 238;

slaves sacrificed at the funeral [pg 400] of a chief in, i. 251;

exorcising the devil in, ii. 160, 161;

scapegoats in, ii. 196, 197

Nicobar Islands, ceremony in cases of epidemic in the, ii. 188, 189;

expulsion of devils in the, ii. 192

Nightjar, the, ii. 334, 335

Nisus, King of Megara, ii. 305

Nootka Indians, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. 113;

initiatory ceremony by the, ii. 351

Nördlingen, threshing custom in, i. 371

Norse stories, the external soul in, ii. 312, 313

North American Indians, their idea with regard to strangers, i. 153;

restrictions upon women at certain times, i. 170;

cleansing after the slaying of enemies, i. 170, 171;

abstinence from blood, i. 179;

nail cutting amongst the, i. 196;

belief concerning the various properties of food, ii. 85, 86;

spare the rattlesnake, ii. 110;

ceremony at bear killing, ii. 115;

respect for the elan, deer and elk, ii. 117, 118;

regard for the bones of animals, ii. 125

Northamptonshire, May-day custom in, i. 75;

cure for cough, ii. 154

Norway, cut hair and nails buried or burned in, i. 205;

midsummer bonfires in, ii. 289

Nürnberg, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259

Oak worship, ii. 291;

the chief sacred tree of the European Aryans, ii. 291-370;

sacred fires made of, ii. 292;

oak wood burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. 294;

Balder is the, ii. 295;

human representative of the, slain, ii. 294-296;

life of, in the mistletoe, ii. 360, 361;

superstition concerning the oak tree, ii. 368;

a store of solar fire, ii. 369

Oats-goat, ii. 13-15

Obermedlingen, threshing custom in, ii. 21, 22;

midsummer fires in, ii. 270

Oberpfalz, threshing custom in, i. 371

October horse, ii. 64-67

Offerings of first-fruits, ii. 373-384

Oil of St. John, ii. 288, 289

Ojebways, sunshine charm used by the, i. 22;

seldom fell living trees, i. 61

Olaf, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47, 48

Old Calabar, revellings at the expulsion of devils in, ii. 193

Old man, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338

Old woman, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338

Oldenburg, superstition regarding the reflection in, i. 147;

custom with regard to clippings from the hair in, i. 201;

fire festival in, ii. 250

Omaha Indians, rain-making by the, i. 14;

wind clan of the Omahas, i. 26;

their totems, ii. 53, 56

Omens, neutralising bad, ii. 151

Onitsha, ceremony of eating the new yams at, ii. 74;

New Year festival in, ii. 170, 171;

human scapegoats in, ii. 195, 196

Oraon festival, i. 85, 86

Oraons, ceremony at rice planting by the, i. 288

Orchomenus, human sacrifice at the rites of Dionysus in, i. 329

Oregon, belief in the recall of the soul by the Salish Indians of, i. 136, 137

Orestes, the originator of the worship of Diana, i. 3

Orinoco rain-charm, i. 18, 93;

sunshine charm, i. 22

Orissa, worshippers of the Queen of England in, i. 41;

rice growing in, i. 61

Orkney Islands, transference of sickness in the, ii. 153

Osiris, myth of, i. 301 sq.;

ritual of, i. 303-305;

representation of the dead body of, in the temple of Isis, i. 305;

a corn-spirit, i. 305-307;

a tree-spirit, i. 307-309;

grave of, at Philae, i. 309;

arguments for and against his being the sun-god, i. 311-313, 316, 317, 318, 320;

a god of vegetation, i. 319;

rites of, similar to those of Dionysus and Adonis, i. 319, 320;

probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;

once represented by a human victim, i. 400-404;

on monuments, i. 403;

key to the mysteries of, i. 404;

as a pig, ii. 52-60;

death of, ii. 58, 59;

annual sacrifice of a pig to, ii. 58, 59;

as a bull, ii. 59-61

Osnabrück, harvest custom in, i. 336

Osterode, Easter fires in, ii. 253

Ostiaks, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. 111, 112

Ot Damons, custom with regard to strangers by the, i. 151, 152;

seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 229

Otawa Indians, ceremony at the killing of a bear by the, ii. 113;

do not burn fish bones, ii. 119

Oude, sin eating in, ii. 156

Owl, the, ii. 335, 336

Ox, ritual at the Athenian sacrifice of the, ii. 38, 39, 41;

as an embodiment [pg 401] of the corn-spirit, ii. 41-43;

Osiris and the, ii. 59-61

Ozieri, Gardens of Adonis at, i. 290

Pacific, human gods in the, i. 38, 39

Pádams of Assam, superstition concerning lost children by the, i. 63

Palermo, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261

Palm-tree, the Dyaks and the, ii. 329

—— Sunday custom, ii. 216

Pan, representation of, ii. 34, 35;

the Lord of the Wood, ii. 35

Panes, festival of the, ii. 90, 91

Papuans, foods eaten by the, ii. 87;

belief in a child's life being bound up with that of a tree, ii. 329

Paris, procession of mock giant in, ii. 281

Parthian monarchs worshipped as deities, i. 49

Patagonians, burning of loose hair by the, i. 205

Pawnees, human sacrifices by the, at sowing, i. 381, 382

Payaguas, method of fighting the wind by the, i. 28

Pear-tree, the protector of cattle, i. 73

Pelew Islanders, god of the, i. 39, 40;

custom at tree-felling by the, i. 62, 63;

ceremony on the killing of a man by the, i. 178

Pembrokeshire, Twelfth Day custom in, ii. 143

Pepper Coast, high priest held responsible for the general welfare, i. 47

Permanent incarnation, i. 37-42

Persian kings not seen eating, i. 162

Peru, rain-charm in, i. 17;

charm for staying the sun in, i. 24;

preservation of the representative corn-spirit by the ancient Peruvians, i. 350, 351;

expulsion of devils in, ii. 203;

self-beating in, ii. 216.