INDEX
Reading edition
Aber, 261
Aberavon, 296
Abercorn, 308
Aberdovey, 300
Abereinon, 301
Abergavenny, 97
Aberlleinog, 261
Aberystwyth, 281, 393
Aggeres, 77, 111
Aldreth, 150
Alfred, King, 13, 14, 15
Amwell, 52
Annan, 309
Anstruther family, 308
Antrim, 331
Appledore, 50
Aq’i, 331
Aquila, castle of, 77
Ardfinnan, 331
Ardmayle, 331
Ardnurcher, 331
Ardree, 331
Ardres, 75, 89
Area of Norman castles, 97
Arques, 361
Arundel, 98
Arx, 211, 384
Ashlar masonry, 356
Askeaton, 332
Askelon, 332
Athelney, 14
Athlone, 333
Auchterless, 309
Avenel family, 308
Baginbun, 333
Bailey, ballium, 4, 5, 92, 207
Bakewell, 47
Balimore Eustace, 333
Balliol family, 308
Ballyknockan, 341
Ballynaclogh, 346
Bamborough, 11, 100, 355, 357
Banff, 319
Barclay, 309
Barnstaple, 102
Barnwell, 376
Baronies, 307
Basements of keeps, 359, 362
Basingwerk, 267
Bastille, the, 376
Bayeux Tapestry, 87, 158, 393
Bayford Court, 49
Bedford, 40
Beith, 317
Belesme, Roger, 100, 191;
castle, 77
Belvoir, 102
Benfleet, 50
Bensington, 28
Berkeley, 103, 367
Berkhampstead, 105
Bernard de Neufmarché, 273, 276
Bervie River, 316
Biggar, 313
Bishop’s Stortford, 107
Blaenporth, 282
Bleddfa, 293
Blois, 75
Blythe, 219
Boley Hill, 49, 196, 199, 200
Bordlands, 307
Borgue, 317
Boroughs, 21, 258, 382
Boulogne, 376 n. 1
Bourn, 107
Bowes, 366
Bramber, 109
Braose, De, 109, 276, 292
Brecknock, 276, 290
Bremesbyrig, 32
Bretasche, 91, 386
Bridgenorth, 33, 52
Bristol, 23, 110
Bromborough, 32
Bruce family, 309
Brut y Tywysogion, 254
Buckingham, 25, 40
Burghal Hidage, 28, 98, 160, 385
Burgh Castle, 44 n. 1.
Burgus, 85
Burh, 17-19, 123;
Clark’s theory of, 20-29
Buttington, 51
Cadwalader, 266
Cadzow, 314
Caen keep, 361
Caereinion, 300
Caerleon, 113
Caerphilly, 376 n. 1
Caerwedros, 283
Caherconlish, 333
Cambridge, 55, 57, 115
Camps, of refuge, 29;
prehistoric, 6;
of Danes, 61
Canterbury, 116
Carbury, 333
Cardiff, 294
Cardigan, 274, 275;
Castle, 280
Carisbrook, 121
Carlingford, 334
Carlisle, 25, 128, 365
Carlovingian Empire, 66
Carmarthen, 275, 394
Carnarvon, 261, 375
Carnwath, 318
Carreghova, 271, 394
Carrick, 334
Carrickfergus, 334
Carrickittle, 339
Carrigogunell, 332
Castel, the word, 24, 98
Castellum, castrum, 25, 67, 169, 383
Castles, private, Ch. V.;
product of feudalism, 66;
in Normandy, 76, 77;
wooden, 78;
stone, Ch. XII.;
sites given to church, 259 n. 2.
Castle Acre, 124
Castledermot, 347
Castle guard, 175
Castleknock, 341
Castlemore, 338
Castle Rough, 49
Castle Rushen, 377 n. 1
Castletown Delvin, 334
Cathcart family, 310
Catter, 315
Ceredigion, 274, 275
Chapels in castles, 355
Chartres keep, 74
Chastell Gwalter, 282
Chateaudun keep, 75
Chateau Gaillard, 372, 376, 391
Chepstow, 125
Chester, 31, 126, 367
Chevron moulding, 100
Cheyne family, 310
Chilham, 368
Chimneys, 357
Chinon, 75
Chippenham, 55
Chirk, 269
Christison, Dr, 8, 31, 304, 306
Cilgerran, 281, 394
Citadels, 6, 54, 56
Clare, house of, 275, 281
Clark, G. T., 2, 8, 19, 26, 48
Clears, St, 288, 394
Cledemuthan, 43
Clifford, 128
Clitheroe, 129
Clonard, 334
Clonmacnoise, 335
Colchester, 41, 132, 223, 354, 355
Collacht, 335
Colville family, 310
Comyn family, 310
Concentric castles, 375
Cooking in castles, 359
Corfe, 135, 363
Coucy, 65, 372
Courcy, John de, 336
Court hills, 310, 391
Covington, 313
Crail, 319
Crimond, 311
Crogen, battle of, 266
Cromarty, 316
Crometh, 335
Cromwell, 220, 336
Croom, 335
Crossbow, the 370
Cunningham family, 311
Cupar, 320
Cymmer, 299
Cynewulf, murder of, 13
Cynfael, 300
Cyricbyrig, 37
Dalswinton, 311
Dane John, 116, 118, 121
Danes in Ireland, 60
Dangio, 75
Danish raths, 48;
camps, 61;
colonies, 59, 60
Darnhall, 317
David I. of Scotland, 123, 163, 303
Deganwy, 259, 270
Dernio, 267
Derver, 341
Dinan, 87
Dinerth, 282
Dinevor, 287, 394
Dinweiler, 394
Dirleton, 319
Domfront keep, 361
Donjons, 358, 390
Douglas family, 312
Dover, 138;
church, 144;
Pharos, 143
Downpatrick, 335
Drogheda, 336
Drumore, 315
Drumsagard, 317
Duchal, 315
Dudley, 144
Dudo of St Quentin, 76
Duffus, 317
Duleek, 337
Dumfries, 320
Dun, the word, 326
Dunamase, 337
Dungarvan, 337
Dunio, 75
Dunmullie, 311
Dunoon, 313
Dunskeath, 320
Dunster, 145
Durand, 312
Durham, 146
Durward, 312
Dyfed, 274
Earthworks, Committee, 2
Eddisbury, 35
Edward, 14-16, 45, 65, 127
Edward the Martyr, 135
Edwardian castles, 328, 345
Egloe, Eulo, 271
Elgin, 320
Ellon, 311
Ely, 149
Entrances to keeps, 355, 361, 373
Errol, 314
Escluen, 332
Étampes Castle, 373
Ethelfleda, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 45, 232, 342
Eu, 56
Eustace of Boulogne, 139
Ewias, 150
Exeter, 151;
siege of, 154
Eye, 155
Falaise, 361-363
Favorie, 338
Ferns, 338
Feudalism, 63, 66, 378, 379;
in Normandy, 76;
in Wales, 299, 378;
in Scotland, 303
Fireplaces, 357
Fitz Alans, 179, 313
Fitzhardinge, Robert, 104
FitzOsbern, William, 103, 126, 128, 150, 273
Five Boroughs, the 44, 59
Flambard, Ranulf, 172
Fleming family, 313
Flint, 375
Folk-moots, 381
Fore, 338
Forebuildings, 355, 361
Forfar, 320
Forres, 321
Fortifications, Anglo-Saxon, 29, 64;
Danish, 55, 61;
wooden, 78
Fotheret Onolan, 338
French earthworks, 7
Fulham, 55
Fulk Nerra, 73, 74, 352
Gaimar, Geoffrey, 171
Gallo-Roman villas, 67
Galtrim, 338
Gatehouse keeps, 359
Gatehouse palace, 375
Geashill, 338
Gemaron, 292
Gephthine, 332
Gilling, 193, 194
Gisors, 364
Glamorgan, 276
Gloucester, 156
Godwin, Earl, 22, 24, 103
Gomme, G. L., 8
Gould, I. C, 2
Gower, 277, 297
Graham family, 314
Granard, 338
Greenwell, Canon, 2
Guildford, 393
Guisnes, 75, 76
Gundulf, Bishop, 197, 198, 222
Guy of Amiens, 139
Gwyddgrug, 260
Gwynedd, 256-262
Hæsten the Dane, 49, 50
Hall, the Anglo-Saxon, 17, 24, 168
Hallaton Castle Hill, 88
Hamilton family, 314
Harold, Earl and King, 138, 161, 257
Hastings, 87, 158
Haughead Kipp, 317
Haverfordwest, 280
Hawarden, 377
Hawick, 315
Hay, 291
Hay family, 314
Hên Domen, 395
Henry I., castles of, 360-364, 392
Henry II., castles of, 365-369
Henry the Fowler, 64
Hericio, 388
Hermitage Castle, 318
Herring-bone work, 136, 168, 218
Hincheleder, 339
Hithes, 57
Hodesley, Hoseley, 268
Holywell, 267, 270
Hubert de Burgh, 140
Hugh of Avranches, 256, 257
Humphrey’s Castle, 283
Huntingdon, 42, 162
Hurdicia, 91, 372, 387
Ida, King, 11
Inchelefyre, 339
Innermessan, 321
Inverness, 321
Inverugie, 310
Inverwick, 313
Irish chiefs, 325, 342
Jedburgh, 321
John, Bishop of Terouenne, 88
John, King, 137, 270, 370 n. 1
Jomsborg, 59
Karakitel, 339
Keepless castles, 328, 374
Keep and bailey, 357
Keeps, arrangements in, 359, 391;
polygonal, 368;
prows to, 373;
residences, 392;
round, 368, 373
Keeps of Henry I., 360, 363, 392
Keeps of Henry II., 366
Keeps of William I., 351, 354
Kelts of Scotland, 304
Kenardington, 50
Kenfig, 295
Kenmure, 308
Kidwelly, 288
Kilbixie, 339
Kilbride, 318
Kilfeakle, 340
Kilfinnane, 329
Kilkea, 347
Killamlun, 339
Killare, 339
Kilmaurs, 311
Kilmehal, 340
Kilmore, 340
Kilsantan, 340
Kiltinan, 340
Kincleven, 321
Kirkcudbright, 321
Kirkintilloch, 311
Kirkpatrick Durham, 312
Kitchens in castles, 90
Knighton, 293
Knock, 341
Knockgraffan, 341
Lacy, Ilbert de, 187, 188;
Hugh de, 337
Lag Castle, 312
Lagelachon, 341
Lagmen, 62
Lambert of Ardres, 75, 89
Lanark, 321
Langeais keep, 72, 353
Laon, 72
Largs, 317
Laugharne, 288
Launceston, 164
Laurence of Durham, 147
Law about castles, 377
Lawhaden, 279
Lea Castle, 341
Lea River, 15, 52
Lead roofs, 369
Leighlin, 341
Lennox, 315
Leuchars, 318
Lewes, 165
Lincoln, 167
Linton Roderick, 310
Lismore, 342
Llanarmon, 272
Llandeilo Talybont, 298
Llandovery, 286
Llanegwad, 289
Llangadog, 289, 394
Llanrhystyd, 300
Llanstephan, 286
Lloyd, Professor, 253, 393
Lochmaben, 309
Lochorworth, 314
Lockhart family, 315
Logan family, 315
London fortified, 14
Loopholes, 362, 370, 371;
cross loopholes, 371
Lords-marchers, 255
Loske, 343
Loughor, 298
Louth, 342
Louvre, the, 373
Lovel family, 315
Loxhindy, 343
Ludgarsburh, 170
Lumphanan, 312
Lyle or Lisle family, 315
Lympne, 15
Mabudryd, 394
Machicolations, 372
Magh Adair, 327
Maitland, Professor, 27
Maldon, 41
Manchester, 46
Manors, Saxon, and mottes, 96
Mans, Le, keep of, 361
Masonry, 356, 362, 367
Mathraval, 271
Maud’s Castle, 293, 394
Maxton, 316
Maxwell family, 316
Melton, Archbishop, 248
Melville family, 315
Mercenaries, 7, 74 n. 1
Merchem Castle, 88
Mersey Island, 54
Military service, 64
Milton, 49
Missile engines, 369
Mitford, 373
Moffat, 309
Mold, 260
Monmouth, 168
Montacute, 169
Montalt, 316
Montgomeri, Roger de, 53, 98, 130, 191, 263;
Hugh de, 274;
Arnolf, 274, 278;
castle, 264, 395
Montgomerie family, Scotland, 316
Moot-hills, 8, 9, 381
Moray, colonisation of, 304
Morpeth, 171
Mortain, Count of, 106, 138, 164, 169, 186
Mortimers, 276
Morville family, 316
Mottes, described, 4, 5;
the word, 9 n. 1;
distribution, 80-82;
situation, 83-96;
in France, 85;
in Wales, 301;
in Scotland, 322;
in Ireland, 348;
history, 72, 74
Mowbray, Earl Robert, 101
Mowbray family, 317
Müller, Dr Sophus, 6
Mural towers, 358
Murray family, 317
Naas, 343
Nantes Castle, 71
Nant yr Arian, 284
Narberth, 280
Navan, 344
Neath, 296
Neckham, “De Utensilibus,” 86
Neilson, Mr George, 8, 306
Neu Leiningen, 376 n. 1
Newcastle, 171
Newcastle Bridgend, 295
Newcastle Emlyn, 289
New Grange, 10
Newport, 279
Nicetus, his castrum, 67
Nicholas, St, 110, 213
Nobber, 344
Normandy, 22, 76, 77
Norman favourites, 23
Norman walls, 356
Normans, 7
Norrei Castle, 77
Northmen, camps of, 61, 383
Norton, 293
Norwich, 173, 363
Nottingham, 44, 49, 57, 176
O’Donovan, 329
Offa’s Dyke, 52
Okehampton, 178
Oldcastle, 347
Old Sarum, 202
Oliphant family, 317
Orford, 246 n.
Oswestry, 179
Overton (Denbigh), 267;
(Hereford), 192
Owen Gwynedd, 260, 270
Oxford, 180
Oxnam, 310
Oystermouth, 298
Pantolf, William, 213
Parliamentary fortifications, 202
Payn’s Castle, 293, 395
Peak, 182
Pembroke, 278
Pentecost’s Castle, 24, 150
Penwortham, 183
Peterborough, 185
Pevensey, 99, 186
Pistes, Capitulary of, 68, 72
Pitt-Rivers, General, 2
Plinths, 355
Polnoon, 316
Pontefract, 187;
siege of, 189
Pont y Stuffan, 283
Powys, 263-266
Prestatyn, 270
Preston Capes, 190
Pretorium, 72
Prisons in castles, 359
Private castles, 21, 68
Pudsey, Bishop, 173
Quatbridge, 58
Quatford, 191
Quincy, De, family, 318
Radnor, 292
Rainald the Sheriff, 263
Rapes of Sussex, 299
Rathceltchair, 336
Raths in Ireland, 325, 327
Rathwire, 344
Ratouth, 344
Rayleigh, 191
Reading, 54
Redcastle, Lunan Bay, 309
Reginald’s Tower, 347, 348
Remni, 297
Renfrew, 313
Retford, 55
Rhaidr Gwy, 301
Rhé Island, motte on, 350
Rhuddlan, 257, 259
Rhyd y Gors, 275, 284
Rhys ap Griffith, 275, 287
Riccarton, 319
Richard Sans Peur, 76
Richard I., 370-372
Richard’s Castle, 192
Richmond, 193
Robert Curthose, 110
Robert de Monte, 360
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, 110, 295
Robert Fitz Hamon, 277
Robert of Rhuddlan, 257
Roberton, 314
Rochester, 25, 49, 195
Rockingham, 201
Roger the Poitevin, 129, 183, 184
Rokerel, 345
Rollo, 76
Roscrea, 345
Rosemarkie, 322
Ross, 318
Rouen, 77
Runcorn, 38
Ruthin, 269
Ruthven, 311
Sanquhar, 318
Sarn Helen, 283
Saumur Castle, 75
Saxon fortifications, Chapters II., III., 29
Saxon royal seats, 151 n. 2, 235
Scergeat, 33
Sepulchral hillocks, 9;
in Ireland, 327
Shaftesbury, 15
Shell keep, 99
Sheppey Isle, 54
Shoebury, 51
Shrewsbury, 207
Siege castles, 85
Siegfried the Dane, 75
Siward, Earl, 22
Skipsea, 209
Skreen, 345
Slane, 345
Somerville family, 318
Somner, antiquary, 117
Soulis family, 318
Stafford, 34, 211
Stamford, 44, 216
Stanton, 217
Stevenston, 315
Stewarton, 318
Swansea, 297
Symington, 315
Table of Boroughs, 26
Talgarth, 292
Tamworth, 34, 218
Tarbolton, 314
Tateshall, 187
Tempsford, 53
Tenby, 280
Terraces to mottes, 102
Thanet, 54
Thelwall, 46, 385
Thetford, 55, 56
Thibault-le-Tricheur, 74
Thingwall, 381
Thorne, 368 n. 3
Thurles, 346
Tibraghny, 346
Tickhill, 219
Tiles, use of, 255
Timahoe, 346
Tom-a-mhoid, 313
Tomen y Mur, 262
Tomen y Rhoddwy, 271, 272, 388
Tonbridge, 220
Toot Hill, 259
Topcliffe, 5 n.
Torkesey, 55, 56
Totnes, 221
Towcester, 41
Tower of London, 221, 354, 355
Towers to castles, 71
Towns, fortification of, 65
Trade, 30
Trébuchet, 369
Trematon, 226
Tribalism, 64
Trim, 346, 377
Tristerdermot, 347
Tullow, 335, 389
Tutbury, 227
Tynboeth, 293
Tynemouth, 228
Tynwald Hill, 381
Typermesan, 347
Valoignes family, 318
Value of manors and towns, 96
Vaulting, 362, 365, 367, 374
Vaux family, 319
Viking crews, 90
Viollet le Duc, 368 n. 1
Vire, keep, 361
Voussoirs, 362
Wales, Chapters VIII., IX.;
Wales and Saxons, 253;
Wales and Normans, 254
Wallace family, 319
Wallingford, 28, 228
Walwern, 301
Wareham, 25, 28
Warenne, Wm., 124, 165
Wark, 366, 367, 368 n. 2, 388
Warkworth, 377
Warwick, 36, 230
Wasta, 114
Waterford, 347
Water-supply, 362-363
Watling Street, 16, 32, 382
Waytemore Castle, 107
Weardbyrig, 36
Welsh halls, 251
Welshpool, 265
Wessex, 13
Wexford, 348
Wicklow, 348
Wigingamere, 41
Wigmore, 232
William I., 22, 77
William the Lion, 163, 305
Willington, 57
Winchester, 233
Winding walks on mottes, 102, 121
Windsor, 236;
borough, 238
Wisbeach, 239
Wiston, 279
Witham, 39
Wolvesey Castle, 235 n. 4
Wooden fortifications, 78, 208, 228, 250, 306, 358, 359
Worcester, 115, 23, 31, 240;
charter, 21
Wrexham Castle, 268
Yale Castle, 271, 300
Year 1000, 78
York, 13, 242
York, Baile Hill, 248
Ystrad Cyngen, 288
Ystrad Meurig, 283
Ystrad Peithyll, 282
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