APPENDICES

A.—TABLE SHOWING VALUES ASSIGNED TO THE LETTERS OF THE OLD PERSIAN ALPHABET.

B.—TABLE SHOWING THE TRUE VALUES OF OLD PERSIAN LETTERS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DATE OF THEIR DECIPHERMENT.

C.—TABLE SHOWING THE VALUES GIVEN TO EACH SIGN OF THE SUSIAN (MEDIAN) SYLLABARY.

APPENDIX A TABLE SHOWING VALUES ASSIGNED TO THE LETTERS OF THE OLD PERSIAN ALPHABET

Niebuhr Alphabet Tychsen, 1798 Münter, 1800 Grotefend, 1803-1815 St. Martin, 1823-1832 Rask, 1826 Burnouf, 1836 Lassen, 1836 Grotefend, 1837 Beer, 1838 Jacquet, 1838 Lassen, 1844 Hincks, June 1846 Rawlinson, before August 1846 Rawlinson, after August 1846 Hincks, Dec. 1846

1 Defective 1

2 𐏐 Sign of Separation Sign of Separation 2

3 ě r e e 3

4 𐎣 l, ě p e e k k e k k k k before a & i k 4

5 𐎿 ê, t, n s s‛ ç ç ç ç s s s before a, i, u? s 5

6 𐎿 Defective 6

7 𐎲 l, s b v r b b b b b b b before a, i, u b 7

8 𐎼 r 8

9 𐎼 l, ê r r r r r r r r r before a & i r 9

10 𐎺 ê i(u) e i i w i v w w w v before a & u w? 10

11 𐎭 kh d d d d d d d d d before a d 11

12 𐎡 m, ǎ, ä o (vocal) o y ô y, medial ô i i i i 12

13 m n n t th thr tr tř tř thr 13

14 𐎱 a, ǒ p or b p p p p p p p p before a, i, u p 14

15 𐎻 ä g v g v, initial g v w before i v v before i w(i) 15

16 𐎨 ǎ, ä, r r (fort) o e v î y, è(n) medial ch or c k’ ch ch ch before a & ch 16

17 ä uncertain w 17

18 𐏀 ǎ gh e z z gh z zh z z before a, u? zh 18

19 𐎮 l uncertain l? kʹ w k’h d (before i) t with i d before i d(i) 19

20 a Defective 20

21 𐎠 a e or a e or a a â â â â a a a a 21

22 𐎬 a th dh t‘ m d’h t before u t’h t before u t(u) 22

23 𐎶 a o â m m m ǒ ʹm m m m before a m 23

24 𐎫 i(u) t t t t t t t t t before a & i t 24

25 𐎤 d z, changed to k, 1815 h q q with u 36 equal ô k th q k before u kh k before u k(u) 25

26 𐎰 n, s i h y z i θ z th th before a, i, u th 26

27 𐎹 b, k, r h e h h with 12 equal ê h y y j for y y y y before a, i, u y 27

28 𐎩 r ng h? ñ ng z z’ j jh j before a j 28

29 𐎷 b, r h e î ‘m? hh ‘m m before i m (with i) m before i m(i) 29

30 k Defective 30

31 𐎴 b, x, y tsch b, changed to m after 1826 n n n s n n n n before a & i n 31

32 𐎪 x dj gh? uncertain gʹ dsh g’ zh before i j j before i j(i) 32

33 𐎸 x k gh? uncertain g‛ s s ψ kh before u m (with u) m before u m(u) 33

34 𐎯 d, y z gh d‛ z? dh d before u dh d before u d(u) 34

35 𐎥 u⁽ᵘ⁾ u û g y g g g g before a g 35

36 𐎢 u, uᵘ u ou u u with 10 equal q u u u u u u 36

37 Defective 37

38 𐏁 s ou, w, ii, y sch, sh ch ch s‛ sh s sh sh sh before a, i, u sh 38

39 𐎳 ǒ f f f f f p before r f f before a? ph(r) 39

40 𐎽 s sch, changed to sr, 1815 ch l s‛ rk (h?) r before u ‘r r before u r (with u) r before u r(u) 40

41 𐏃 j, y a ou a a, initial n̆g, medial ǎ h h h h h h before a, i, u h 41

42 𐎧 ô kh kh kh k‛ kh kh kh kʹh kh before a & u kh 42

Later Additions

43 𐎵 n (with u) n before u n(u) 43

44 𐎦 gh? uncertain g‛ gʹ gh g before u gh g before u g(u) 44

45 rp rp q? doubtful final 45

46 𐎾 ñ ñ ñ 46

47 𐏋 King 47

48 𐏍 v dᵃh dah? 48

49 𐏏 bumi bumʹi 49

Defective Signs

x i

n v

n

t kh

sʹ

s

o

r

m

h

t

v, û, medial

APPENDIX B TABLE SHOWING THE TRUE VALUES OF OLD PERSIAN LETTERS; AND THE AUTHOR AND DATE OF THEIR DECIPHERMENT

Persian Cuneiform Signs Correct Values Spiegel, 1881 Name of Decipherer and Date

1 Defective

2 𐏐 Sign of Separation Münter, 1800

3 Defective

4 𐎣 k before a Burnouf and Lassen independently, 1836, k

5 𐎿 s before a, i, u Grotefend, 1802, s

6 𐎿 Defective

7 𐎲 b before a, i, u Münter, 1800, b

8 𐎾 Defective

9 𐎼 r before a & i Grotefend, 1802, r

10 𐎺 v before a & u Lassen, 1836, w? Jacquet, 1838, v

11 𐎭 d before a Grotefend, 1802, d

12 𐎡 i St. Martin, 1823, y. Lassen, 1836, i

13 tř Lassen, 1836, t? Grotefend, 1837, thr? th Rawlinson, 1836, tř

14 𐎱 p before a, i, u Grotefend, 1802, p

15 𐎻 v before i St. Martin, 1823, v

16 𐎨 c before a Jacquet, 1838, ch or c

17 Defective

18 𐏀 z before a, i, u Burnouf and Lassen independently, 1836, z

19 𐎮 d before i Holtzmann, 1846, d before i

20 Defective

21 𐎠 a Tychsen, 1798, a. Münter, 1800, e or a

22 𐎬 t before u Lassen, 1836

23 𐎶 m before a Rask, 1826, m

24 𐎫 t before a & i Grotefend, 1802, t

25 𐎤 k before u Grotefend, 1815, k

26 𐎰 th before a, i, u Jacquet, 1838, th

27 𐎹 y before a, i, u Beer and Jacquet independently, 1838, y

28 𐎩 j before a Hincks and Rawlinson independently, 1846, j before a

29 𐎷 m before i Lassen, 1836, m before i

30 Defective

31 𐎴 n before a & i Rask, 1826, n

32 𐎪 j before i Rawlinson, 1838, j

33 𐎸 m before u Rawlinson, 1838, m before u

34 𐎯 d before u Tychsen, 1798, d. Lassen, 1836, d

35 𐎥 g before a Lassen, 1836, g

36 𐎢 u Tychsen, 1798. Grotefend, 1802, u

37 Defective

38 𐏁 s (sh) before a, i, u Tychsen, 1798, s. Grotefend, 1802, sch, sh

39 𐎳 f before a Grotefend, 1803, f

40 𐎽 r before u Grotefend, 1815, sr

41 𐏃 h before a, i, u Grotefend, 1803, a

42 𐎧 kh before u Grotefend, 1802, kh

43 𐎵 n before u Rawlinson, 1846, n before u

44 𐎦 g before u Lassen, 1836, g

Part of a contraction

𐎾 l? Oppert, 1847, l?

𐏋 k h s Grotefend, 1802, king

𐏏 bumi Lassen, 1844, bumi

𐏍 dah Lassen, 1844, dah

nâma (name) } Oppert, 1874. Weissbach considers these signs of doubtful authority (‘Altpers. Keil.,’ p. 1).

putřa (son)

Pârsa (Persia)

Auramazda

Franâ?

APPENDIX C TABLE SHOWING THE VALUES GIVEN TO EACH SIGN OF THE SUSIAN (MEDIAN) SYLLABARY

Vowels and consonants are indicated by capital letters.

The number given to each sign by Cuneiform Signs[899] Correct Values[900] Westergaard,[901] 1844-53 Hincks, 1846-7[902] De Saulcy, 1849-50[903] Norris, 1852-55[904] Oppert, 1859[905] Oppert, 1879[906]

Westergaard and Hincks Norris Oppert Weisbach

1 111 1 Determin. Aussonderungs Zeichen Det. Ha Det. Det. Det. 1

2 14 68 2 al; city ? He, E? af up hal; city 2

3 65 42 3 an; det. A an; det. A an; det. an; God 3

a 35 89 4 tak tak tak tak, dak a

4 61 38 7 na na, N na n (a) na na 4

a 60 ideog. 6 month month month a

5 85 56 8 še sa si s (a) si s‛i (ḥi?) šē, sē 5

6 9 28 9 pu ? pu bu pu, bu 6

7 86 10 muš ? mus, vus mis, vis 7

8 88 104 11 šir, zir as, ars ersa ç (a) sar ṣir sar 8

9 Defective ? 9

a 81 51 13 la rus lu la lu a

10 Defective ar, A ar Ar 10

a 47 61 12 su thu ṣu çu a

11 26 16 15 ak k K K ak ak 11

a 59 7 16 H ven A‛, aḥ Ah, Ih a

b 18 14 17 gau; sea gau kam, kav ko, go; sea b

12 34 23 18 tu thu tu t, (o, ou) u u to, do 12

a 77 67 19 ar; window ar ḥar har, ar; arch, window a

13 71 45 20 ra R ra rr (a) ra ra 13

14 10 78 22 par pha per p (a) par bar par, bar 14

15 33 21 23 ti ti ti t (e, i) ti ti ti, di 15

a 57 84 24 maz vach maś, vaś maç, vaç, mać, vać a

16 63 40 59 ne ? ser N nǐ ni nē 16

a 15 60 26 si pe çi a

17 19 15 27 gi ? su, sa Aï ga gi 17

18 Defective ? 18

19 27 17 28 ik, K KH K KH ik k 19

20 31 105 29 kup? ? kwe ? 20

21 rejects 25 ziš? ? kam, kav Omits 21

22 99 10 30 hu ju [yu*] yu, u Hou yu ḥu hu 22

23 78 48 61 ir, R ra ER r or l (a) R ir ir, ar, ur 23

a 22 70 68 kan kan kan kan, gan a

b 50 ideog. 31 Ship he nun Ship b

24 72 46 32 ri ri ri r or l (e, i) ri ri 24

25 6 76, 29 21 pe, pat tu tu dè pa bi, bat pē, bē, pat, bat 25

26 54 80, 81 35 man ve, we wi van man, van 26

a 25 75 36 kaš kas kas kas, gas a

27 13 31 37 ap P ap, pu GH ap ap 27

a 64 97 38 nap nabu nap a

28 28 18, 69 39 uk Q wa, K uk uk 28

29 65 40 az pu va asʹ aç, az 29

a 29 ideog. 41 Horse, Donkey ke Horse Horse a

30 43 24 42 at T ta, T TH T at 30

31 17 11 34 ka ka, kha ku G (hard) k (a) ka ḳa ka, ga 31

32 38 25 50 ut, T T ta, T t (a) T ut 32

33 8 72 51 pi pi pi, pu b or p (e, i) pi pi pi, bi 33

34 39 20 53 te phi pu, pi f or ph (e, i) ṭa ta tē, dē 34

a 24 71 54 kar gar ḳar, gar a

35 45 72 52 am? ? tye, am? git 35

36 55 82 56 mar; road pe ner, pi b or p (e, i) var mar, var; road mar, var; head (compound ideog.) 36

37 58 36 57 um, M M M M or W M im im, M 37

a 44 106 58 sak te sak (ideog.) a

38 49 2 60 U jo [yo*] yu, U M or W, Oû hu U U, yu 38

39 73 47 65 ru ru ru ru ru 39

a 79 90 67 tik ro sik tik, dik a

b 40 92 66 tup ṭi lu, tip tip, dip b

c 69 85 46 muk no mak, vak c

d 12 79 47 pan pat pat pan, ban d

e 102 102 48 zik passan? sik sik, zik e

f 70 87 49 tum nos mun f

40 11 77 55 pir PH P F or PH, f or ph (a) far pir pir, bir (par, bar) 40

41 4 4 62 E n (o, ou) E I Ē 41

42 67 44 68 un ? na, N Ô un un 42

a 103 88 64 tan tin tan tan, dan, tin a

43 23 73 43 kur; mountain khu ker kar kur kar, gar; mountain 43

44 41 22 44 tú ? tu du tu, du 44

45 90 58 45 iš, S S S CH S is is, us, S 45

46 2 1 69 I I I I I 46

47 98 6 70 ya ja, J [y, ya*] ya Ya ya ya Ya 47

48 66 43 71 in, N I N Y in in 48

49 5 26 72 pá pa pa b or p (a) ba ba pa, ba 49

50 96 63 73 zi ? ta? kch (e, i) chi ṣi ći, ǵi, źi, zi 50

51 32 19 74 ta ta ta d or t (a) ta da ta, da 51

52 86 55 76 šu su su s (o, ou) su su šu, su 52

a 74 99 77 rap rab rab rap a

53 36 95 78 tur T.H. ter th (a) tar tur tur, dur 53

54 93 64 79 zu ? si DT su sʹu ću, ǵu, źu, zu 54

55 101 108 75 Man wo m, w (o, ou) yo Man 55

56 110 89 Det. Aussonderungs Zeichen Det. Det. Det. 56

57 56 83 90, 91 me, maš Z sh, wash Z vas mas, vas 57

58 46 59 98 sa ? tha sʹa ça 58

59 42 93 92 tar ? tar tar tar, dar 59

60 16 30 93 pa phu, pu [po*] pu q (e, i) po pa po, bo 60

a 68 98 94 tin ne tin, din a

61 75 100 95 rak ? rak rak 61

62 80 37 96 ur? ? re ur um, perhaps ur 62

63 7 32 97 ip, P T’H ut, tu MW, Ou fa ip ip, P 63

64 89 57 99 aš S as S as as as 64

65 Defective ? 65

66 94 112 100 Det. thi th (e, i) Ṣ Det. 66

67 51 33 101 ma wa, W wa m, w (a) va ma, va 67

68 76 101, 91 102 tuk, raš ro, r‛u rus Ç ras tuk, ras ras 68

69 21 13 104 ku qu ku q (o, ou) ku ku ku, gu 69

70 37 96 103 taš ? [qa*] tas Q tas das tas, das 70

71 30 ideog. 107 King[907] ku ku k (e, i) ko ga King 71

a 97 41 108 ? cho um? nu a

b 95 74 109 en sen ṭu kin, gin b

72 48 5 106 yi; water H I A, Ha hi A; water Yi; water 72

73 84 53 105 sǎ s‛a sa ch (a) sa ša ša, sa 73

74 91 62 110 za za sha z (a) ṣa ṣa ća, ǵa, źa, za 74

75 1 8 111 A O A A A ḥa ha, a 75

76 3 3 80 U U O, U Ou (short) U U‛ O 76

77 62 39 81 ni ni ni n (e, i) ni nu ni 77

78 82 52 83 ul, L; house ? ER dh (e, i) al ul al, il, ul, L; house 78

a 83 50 84 li? ? el li a

79 52 34 85 mi vi (wi) wi m, w (e, i), oui vi mi, vi 79

80 92 54 87 ši s‛i si ch (e, i) ṣi si ši, s 80

81 20 12 88 ki kha (ka) [kho*] ku kh (o, ou) ki k 81

82 87 103 86 šin as‛ ars‛ ersa Sign for plural san sin san 82

The preceding are the 110 signs given by Menant. The five other signs are

Westergaard Norris Oppert Weisbach Cuneiform Signs Correct Values, Weisbach Oppert

53 35 5 mu mu, vu

66 33 iz, Z; det. ić, iz, iç

107 82 race race

49 la (found once only)

109 Ideog. for animal